UBUSHINJACYAHA v. KWIZERA

# UBUSHINJACYAHA v. KWIZERA

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2022-10-17 - Case/document no.: RPA 00445/2020/HC/NYZ - Collection: High Court

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UBUSHINJACYAHA v KWIZERA [Rwanda URUKIKO RUKURU – RPA 00445/2020/HC/NYZ (Badara, P.J.) 17 Ukwakira 2022] Amategeko agenga imanza z’inshinjabyaha – Impamvu nyoroshyacyaha – Igabanywa ry’igihano ntarengwa giteganyirijwe icyaha - Gushingira ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha hagatangwa igihano gito ntarengwa giteganyirijwe icyaha (minimum) kandi kiri hejuru, ntacyo bimarira uregwa n’ubutabera muri rusange kuko bigenze gutyo, icyo itegeko ryagiriyeho ntikiba kigezweho – Gushyiraho no gutanga igihano, bigomba gushingira ku kamaro kacyo n’icyo kigamije. Incamake y’ikibazo: Urubanza rwatangiriye m’Urukiko rwisumbuye rwa Muhanga Kwizera Manace akurikiranywe ho icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana w'umukobwa witwa Ingabire Josianne akagerekeho no kubana na we nk'umugabo n'umugore, akanaregwa kandi n’icyaha cyo gukora ibikorwa by'ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro mu buryo bunyuranyije n'amategeko. Uregwa yaburanye yemera ibyaha aregwa anabisabira imbabazi anasaba ko yagabanyirizwa ibihano. Urukiko rwemeje ko ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana no kubana nawe nk’umugore n’umugabo hamwe n’icyaha cyo gukora ibikorwa by'ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro mu buryo bunyuranyije n'amategeko rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25). Kwizera ntiyishimiye imikirize y’urubanza ajuririra Urukiko Rukuru urugereko rwa Nyanza asaba kurenganurwa akagirwa umwere kuko Urukiko rwamuhanishije gufungwa imyaka 25 ku cyaha cyo gusambanya umwana w’imyaka 17 y’amavuko hirengagijwe ibyo yabwiye Urukiko ko yasambanye anabana nk’umugore n’umugabo na Ingabire Josiane kuko Ingabire Josiane yari yamubwiye ko afite imyaka 18 y’amavuko. Anavuga ko ku cyaha cyo gucuzuza amabuye y’agaciro nta ruhushya, ko yaburanye yemera icyaha ngo akaba yifuza kugabanyirizwa ibihano byaba ngombwa bikanasubikwa. Mu iburanisha, uhagarariye ubushinjacyaha avuga ko gyusaba kugirwa umwere ku cyaha cyo gusambanya umwana w’imyaka 17 y’amavuko nta shingiro bifite kuko mu iburana rye rya mbere atabashije kuvuguruza ibimenyetso byatanzwe n’Ubushinjacyaha, ndetse no mumwanzuro we w’ubujurire akaba atarigeze abivuguruza. Incamake y’icyemezo: Gushingira ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha hagatangwa igihano gito ntarengwa giteganyirijwe icyaha (minimum) kandi kiri hejuru, ntacyo bimarira uregwa n’ubutabera muri rusange kuko bigenze gutyo, icyo itegeko ryagiriyeho ntikiba kigezweho. Gushyiraho no gutanga igihano, bigomba gushingira ku kamaro kacyo n’icyo kigamije. Ubujurire bufite ishingiro kuri bimwe, Urubanza rwajuririwe ruhindutse kubirebana n’igihano gusa. Amategeko yakoreshejwe: Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ingingo ya 2, 49 na 58

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Itegeko N° 58/2018 ryo ku wa 13/08/2018 rigenga ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro na kariyeri, Ingingo ya 54, Imanza zashingiwe ho: Urubanza RS/INCONST/SPEC 00003/2019/SC rwaciwe n’urukiko rw’ikirenga kuwa 04/12/2019 Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Kwizera Manace aregwa kuba ari mu Mudugudu wa Gitima, Akagaki ka Tyazo, Umurenge wa Muhanga, Akarere ka Muhanga, yarasambanyije umwana w'umukobwa witwa Ingabire Josianne agerekeho no kubana na we nk'umugabo n'umugore akaba kandi aregwa n'icyaha cyo gukora ibikorwa by'ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro mu buryo bunyuranyije n'amategeko. Kwizera Manace yabanye nk’umugabo n’umugore aza gufatwa ku itariki ya 27/02/20202 bamaze igihe kigera ku mezi abiri babana nk'umugore n'umugabo kugingo bamufate kandi abashinzwe umutekano bagiye iwe bagiye gusakayo amabuye y'agaciro acukura mu buryo bunyuranyije n'amategeko nibwo basangaga abana n'uwo mwana nk'umugabo n'umugore. [2] Kwizera Manace yaburanye yemera ko yasambanyije Ingabire Josianne kandi ko babanaga nk’umugore n’umugabo, yemera kandi ko yakoraga ibikorwa byo gucuruza amabuye y’agaciro ya coruta yanayafatanywe. Asaba imbabazi z’ibi byaha yakoze, akanasaba ko yagabanyirizwa ibihano. Ibyerekeye imvugo z’abatangabuhamya na raporo ya muganga hamwe n’inyandiko mvugo y’ifatira byose arabyemera. [3] Urukiko rwisumbuye rwa Muhanga rwaciye urubanza rwemeza ko Kwizera Manace ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana no kubana nawe nk’umugore n’umugabo hamwe n’icyaha cyo gukora ibikorwa by'ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro mu buryo bunyuranyije n'amategeko. Kwizera Manace ahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25). [4] Kwizera Manace ntiyishimiye iyo mikirize maze ajuririra muri uru rukiko asaba urukiko yajuririye kumurenganura akagirwa umwere kuko Urukiko rwamuhaniye gufungwa imyaka 25 ku cyaha cyo gusambanya umwana witwa Ingabire Josiane w’imyaka 17 y’amavuko akavuga ko yahamijwe icyo cyaha hirengagijwe ibyo yabwiye Urukiko ko yasambanye anabana nk’umugore n’umugabo na Ingabire Josiane kuko Ingabire Josiane yari yamubwiye ko afite imyaka 18 y’amavuko. Kwizera Manace kandi yajuririye Urukiko ku cyaha cyo gucuzuza amabuye y’agaciro nta ruhushya avuga ko yaburanye yemera icyaha ngo akaba yifuza kugabanyirizwa ibihano byaba ngombwa bikanasubikwa. [5] Muri uru rubanza ibibazo bigiye gusuzumwa ni ibi bikurikira:  Kumenya niba Kwizera Manace ataragombaga guhanirwa icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana kubera ko uwo mukobwa yari yamubwiye ko afite imyaka 18.  Kumenya ibihano byahanishwa Kwizera Manace.

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II. ISESENGURWA RY’IBIBAZO BIGIZE URUBANZA a. Kumenya niba Kwizera Manace ataragombaga guhanirwa icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana kubera ko uwo mukobwa yari yamubwiye ko afite imyaka 18 [6] Nk’uko bigaragara mu rubanza rwaciwe n’urukiko rwisumbuye rwa Muhanga, Kwizera Manace yahamijwe icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana kubera ko Kwizera Manace yemera ko yakoranye imibonano mpuzabitsina na Ingabire Josiane kandi babana nk’umugore n’umugabo kuko bakundanaga kandi uyu ubwo icyaha cyakorwaga akaba yari umwana nk’uko bigaragazwa n’icyemezo cy’amavuko ye ko yavutse kuwa 01/01/2003. Kwemera ko yasambanyije umwana I.J bakanabana nk’umugore n’umugabo imbere y’urukiko nta gahato ashyizweho kugomba gufatwa nk’ikimenyetso kimushinja icyaha aregwa. Cyane ko ibyo yemera anabishinjwa na I.J wemeza ko babanye hari hashize igihe kigera ku kwezi kandi ko bari inshuti. [7] Mu bujurire bwe, Kwizera Manace asaba urukiko yajuririye kumurenganura akagirwa umwere kuko Urukiko rwamuhaniye gufungwa imyaka 25 ku cyaha cyo gusambanya umwana witwa Ingabire Josiane w’imyaka 17 y’amavuko akavuga ko yahamijwe icyo cyaha hirengagijwe ibyo yabwiye Urukiko ko yasambanye anabana nk’umugore n’umugabo na I.J kuko yari yamubwiye ko afite imyaka 18 y’amavuko. [8] Me Nyakubandwa Appolinarie umwunganira avuga ko icyaha gikorwa Manace yari afite imyaka 19, umukobwa we yari afite imyaka 18 niko yamubwiye. Rero nta mugambi wo gukora icyaha yari afite, bityo ibigize icyaha ntibyuzuye, urubanza RPA 00119/2019/HC/MSZ rwaciwe ku wa 24/1/2020 ruri muri systeme, byaje kugaragara muri urwo rubanza ko uwaregwaga muri urwo rubanza nawe yahishwe imyaka n’uwo yasambanyije, maze urukiko ruza kugira umwere uwaregwaga. urukiko rukuru narwo rwaza gusesengura urwo rubanza. [9] Uhagarariye ubushinjacyaha avuga ko ku cyaha cyo gusambanya umwana I.J w’imyaka 17 y’amavuko nta shingiro bifite dore ko mu iburana rye rya mbere atabashije kuvuguruza ibimenyetso byatanzwe n’Ubushinjacyaha, kugeza n’ubu mu mwanzuro we akaba atarigeze abivuguruza. Ikindi kimenyetso ni ubuhamya bwa I.J umushinja ko yamusamabyije ku gahato abanje kumukingirana mu nzu ku ngufu, ibi bigaragaza ko n’ubwo bw’umvikane ubwabwo nta bwabayeho n’iyo kandi buza kubaho ntibwari kwemerwa kuko ubw’umvikane bwo gusambanywa bukozwe n’umwana utaruzuza imyaka 18 y’amavuko nta gaciro buhabwa kuko aba ataragira imyaka y’ubukure imwemerera kwifatira icyemezo. Icyemezo cy’amavuko kigaragaza ko I.J yasambanyijwe ataruzuza imyaka 18 y’amavuko. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [10] Ingingo ya 2 y’itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange ivuga ko 8º umwana: umuntu utarageza ku myaka cumi n’umunani (18) y’amavuko. [11] Urukiko rurasanga ibyo Kwizera Manace avuga ko uwo mukobwa I.J yari yamubwiye ko afite imyaka 18 y’amavuko nta shingiro byahabwa kubera ko yagombaga kubanza kumubaza ibyangombwa bigaragaza ko yujuje imyaka y’ubukure. Nyamara bigaragara ko I.J yari afite imyaka

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17 y’amavuko kuko icyemezo cy’amavuko kigaragaza ko yavutse 1/1/2003 icyaha gikorwa mu kwezi kwa mbere 2020. Ibi bimenyetso ntabwo Kwizera yashoboye kuvugura iki cyemezo cy’amavuko. [12] Ku bijyanye n’uko umukobwa n’umuhungu bari mu kigero kimwe, urukiko rurasanga atari impamvu yatuma Kwizera Manace yatuma akurirwaho icyaha ahubwo ni mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha yatuma agabanyirizwa ibihano. Ikindi nta bwumvikane bwabayeho kubera ko umukobwa yivugira ko yagiye ku musura aramufungirana urufunguzo araruhisha arangije aravuga ngo ntabwo ashaka ko asubirayo kandi nta gitekerezo cyo kubana bari bafite ndetse umukobwa yabonye ko bigeze ninjoro abona atasubira mu rugo kuko iwabo iyo warenzaga saa moya ntabwo winjiraga mu rugo bituma abana nawe nk’umugabo n’umugore ku bw’amaburakindi. Ibi byerekana ko nubwo bari mu kigero kimwe nta bwumvikane bwabayeho akaba ariyo mpamvu iki cyaha cyo gusambana umwana agomba kugihanirwa. b. Kumenya ibihano byahanishwa Kwizera Manace [13] Ingingo ya 4 y’itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange ivuga ko Umuntu wese ukorera ku mwana kimwe mu bikorwa bishingiye ku gitsina bikurikira, aba akoze icyaha: 1 º gushyira igitsina mu gitsina, mu kibuno cyangwa mu kanwa k’umwana; 2 º gushyira urugingo urwo arirwo rwose rw’umubiri w’umuntu mu gitsina, cyangwa mu kibuno cy’umwana; 3 º gukora ikindi gikorwa cyose ku mubiri w’umwana hagamijwe ishimishamubiri. Iyo abihamijwe n’urukiko, ahanishwa igifungo kitari munsi y’imyaka makumyabiri (20) ariko kitarenze imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25). Ingingo ya 54 y’itegeko N° 58/2018 ryo ku wa 13/08/2018 rigenga ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro na kariyeri ivuga ko Umuntu wese ushakashaka, ucukura, utunganya, ucuruza amabuye y’agaciro cyangwa kariyeri nta ruhushya, aba akoze icyaha. Iyo abihamijwe n’urukiko, ahanishwa igifungo kitari munsi y’amezi abiri (2) ariko kitarenze amezi atandatu (6) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda atari munsi ya miliyoni imwe (1.000.000 FRW) ariko atarenze miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000 FRW) cyangwa kimwe gusa muri ibyo bihano. Urukiko rutegeka kandi ubunyagwe bw’amabuye y’agaciro cyangwa kariyeri byafatiriwe biri mu bubiko, bicuruzwa cyangwa bitunganywa nta ruhushya. [14] Ingingo ya 49 y’itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo kuwa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange ivuga ko Umucamanza atanga igihano akurikije uburemere bw'icyaha, ingaruka icyaha cyateye, impamvu zatumye agikora, uko uwagikoze yari asanzwe yitwara, imibereho ye bwite n’uburyo icyaha cyakozwemo. [15] Ingingo ya 58 y’iryo tegeko rimaze kuvugwa haruguru ivuga ko Umucamanza ubwe ni we ugena niba impamvu nyoroshyacyaha zemezwa n’umucamanza zahabwa agaciro. Kwemeza impamvu nyoroshyacyaha bigomba gusobanurwa mu cyemezo cy’urukiko. [16] Urukiko rurasanga Kwizera Manace yemera icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana bari mu kigero kimwe kuko umukobwa afite imyaka 17 naho we akaba afite imyaka 19 y’amavuko ndetse bakaza kubana nk’umugabo n’umugore babyarana umwana kandi yemera icyaha cyo gucukura amabuye y’agaciro mu buryo budakurikije amategeko akaba ari ubwa mbere aguye mu byaha aregwa. Ibi bikaba byamubera impamvu nyoroshya cyaha akagabanyirizwa ibihano cyane ko bamaze umwaka babana.

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[17] Urukiko rurasanga nk’uko bigaragara mu rubanza RS/INCONST/SPEC 00003/2019/SC rwaciwe n’urukiko rw’ikirenga rwo kuwa 04/12/2019, urwo rukiko rwagaragaje ko kuba Umushingamategeko yarahisemo ko mu gihe hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, ibihano bitangwa bishobora kugabanywa ariko ntibijye munsi y’igihano gito ntarengwa giteganyirijwe icyaha cyakozwe, byaba biri mu gaciro, mu gihe intera hagati y’igihano gito (minimum) n’igihano kinini (maximum) ibaye nini, hibandwa ku kugabanya igihano gito. Ibi nibyo byatuma ibiteganywa n’Ingingo ya 49, igika cya mbere y’itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 iteganya ko Umucamanza atanga igihano akurikije uburemere bw'icyaha, ingaruka icyaha cyateye, impamvu zatumye agikora, uko uwagikoze yari asanzwe yitwara, imibereho ye bwite n’uburyo icyaha cyakozwemo, bishyirwa mu bikorwa mu buryo nyabwo. Gushingira ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha hagatangwa igihano gito ntarengwa giteganyirijwe icyaha (minimum) kandi kiri hejuru, ntacyo bimarira uregwa, n’ubutabera muri rusange. Ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko iyo itegeko riteganya igihano umucamanza adashobora kugabanya, hari ubwo ahitamo kudahamya umuntu icyaha kuko abona uburyo yagikoze ndetse n’imyitwarire ye muri rusange bihabanye n’uburemere bw’igihano ashobora guhabwa. Iyo bigenze gutyo icyo itegeko ryagiriyeho ntikiba kigezweho. Muri rusange, gushyiraho no gutanga igihano, byagombye gushingira ku kamaro kacyo n’icyo kigamije. Hari uguhana uwakoze icyaha (denunciation), guca intege no gukanga uwahanwe n’abandi bashobora gukora icyaha nk’icyo, (deterrence), kugorora no kwigisha (rehabilitation), kurengera rubanda binyuze mu gufunga uwakoze icyaha kugirango adakomeza kugira nabi (protection of the public). [18] Urukiko rurasanga rushingiye kubimaze kuvugwa haruguru ndetse rushingiye no ku rubanza RPAA 00032/2019/CA rwaciwe n’urukiko rw’ubujurire kuwa 28/2/2020 aho urwo rukiko rw’ubujurire rwahanishije Nzafashwanimana Jean de Dieu washutse umwana w’imyaka 16 y’amavuko kugeza amasambanyije akaba yaragabanyirijwe ibihano urukiko rujya munsi y’igihano gito giteganywa n’amategeko ahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka icumi bityo Kwizera Manace nawe yahanishwa igihano cy’imyaka icumi (10) kubera ko nawe yemera icyaha mu buryo budashidikanywaho. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [19] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwatanzwe na Kwizera Manace bufite ishingiro kuri bimwe. [20] Rwemeje ko imikirizey’urubanza RP 00229/2020/TGI/MHG

rwaciwe

n’urukiko rwisumbuye rwa Muhanga ihindutse gusa ku bijyanye n’ibihano. [21] Ruhanishije Kwizera Manace igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka icumi (10). [22] Rutegetse ko Kwizera Manace asonewe kwishyura amagarama y’urubanza kubera ko yaburanye afunze.