NZIRORERA v UWAMAHORO

# NZIRORERA v UWAMAHORO

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2023-04-28 - Case/document no.: RCAA 00031/2022/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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NZIRORERA v UWAMAHORO [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RCAA 00031/2022/CA (Kamere, P.J.) 28 Mata 2023] Itegeko rigena Ububasha bw’Inkiko – ububasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire – Ubujurire bwa Kabiri – Agaciro k’ikiburanwa – Agaciro mu mafaranga k’ikiburanwa gashobora kugenwa aho urubanza rwaba rugeze hose gapfa kuba kataragiweho impaka mbere kandi kakagenwa hashingiwe ku igenagaciro rikozwe mu buryo bukurikije amategeko n’umuhanga ubyemerewe n’amategeko kandi ubifitiye ububasha. Itegeko rigena Ububasha bw’Inkiko – Ububasha bw’Urukiko ku bujurire bwa kabiri – gutsindwa kabiri ku mpamvu zimwe – Iyo ikibazo nyamukuru cyasuzumwe n’Inkiko zombi ari kimwe ndetse zikagera ku cyemezo kimwe nyuma yo gusobanura kimwe impamvu zatumye zifata icyo cyemezo, uwatsinzwe muri izo manza aba yaratsinzwe ku mpamvu zimwe bituma ikirego cye cy’ubujurire bwa kabiri kitakirwa. Incamake y’ikibazo: Uru rubanza rwatangiye Uwamahoro Nzirorera mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Ngoma asaba ko Urukiko rutegeka ko bagabana imitungo itandukanye ngo bahahanye mu gihe babanaga nk’umugabo n’umugore. Nzirorera we yireguye avuga ko koko babanye nk’umugabo n’umugore ariko ko nta ruhare yagize mu guhaha uwo mutungo kuko atashyize umukono ku masezerano y’ubugure mu gihe uwo mutungo wahahagwa kandi ko nta mafaranga yinjizaga yari gutuma agira uruhare mu guhaha uwo mutungo. Urukiko mu rubanza RC00048/2021/TGI/NGOMA rwemeje ko ikirego cya Uwamahoro gifite ishingiro, ko imitungo yaregeye igabanwa igabanwa hagati ye na Nzirorera ku buryobungana. Nzirorera ntiyanyuzwe n’imikirize yurwo rubanza arujuririra mu Rukiko Rukuru urugereko rwa Rwamagana avuga ko n’ubwo yabanye na Uwamahoro ariko ntihagaragajwe aho yaba yarakuye amafaranga ngo bafatanye kugura umutungo; avuga kandi ko hashingiwe ku nyandiko y’inzego z’ibanze kandi zidafite ububasha bwo kuburanisha ibyerekeranye n’imimerere. Uwamahoro we avuga ko raporo y’inzego z’ibanze yashingiweho nk’ikimenyetso; avuga kandi ko kuba yaraburanye ikibazo cy’abana bitabangamira uburenganzira bwe bwo kuburana uruhare ku mitungo bashakanye. Urukiko Rukuru mu rubanza RCA00023/2022/HC/RWG rwemeje ko Nzirorera na Uwamahoro babanye nk’umugabo n’umugore, ko Uwamahoro na we yakoraga akinjiza akora muri salo, kandi ko hari imitungo bashakanye. Urukiko rwemeje kandi ko ibyo Nzirorera avuga ko batigeze babana mu mitungo aregera, bitahabwa agaciro kubera ko kugira ngo umuntu agire uburenganzira ku mutungo si ngombwa ko aba yawutuyemo. Urukiko rwemeje na none ko inyandiko yo mu nzego z’ibanze yakoreshejwe nk’ikimenyetso hagendewe ku byayivuzwemo ariko itafashe icyemezo ku mirere y’abantu. Bityo rwemeza ko ubujurire bwa Nzirorera nta shingiro bufite. Nzirorera yajuririye urubanza RCA00023/2022/HC/RWG mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, anenga kuba Urukiko Rukuru, waremeje ko agabana na Uwamahoro imitungo igizwe n’amazu abiri (2) kandi batarayishakanye. Uwamahoro yabanje kuzamura inzitizi y’iburabubasha y’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire avuga ko urwo Rukiko rudafite ububasha kubera agaciro k’ikiburanwa kari mu nsi y’agateteganyijwe

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n’Amategeko avuga kandi ko Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rudafite ububasha kuko Nzirorera yatsinzwe kabiri mu nkiko z’abanje ku mpamvu zimwe. Urukiko rw’Ubujurire mu rubanza RCAA00031/2022/CA, rwemeje ko inzitizi ijyanye n’agaciro k’ikiburanwa nta shingiro ifite kuko rushingiye ku igenagaciro ryakozwe ku mitungo iburanwa, urubanza ruri mu bubasha bwarwo. Ariko rusuzumye inzitizi ijyanye no gutsindwa kabiri kwa nzirorera ku mpamvu zimwe, rwemeza ko yatsinzwe mu nkiko z’abanje ku mpamvu zimwe bityo rwemeza ko urubanza rutari mu bubasha bwarwo. Incamake y’icyemezo : 1. Agaciro mu mafaranga k’ikiburanwa gashobora kugenwa aho urubanza rwaba rugeze hose gapfa kuba kataragiweho impaka mbere. Bityo kuba ikiburanwa kitaragenewe agaciro mu gihe ikirego cyatangwaga ku rwego rwa mbere, nta cyabuza ko ako gaciro kagenwa igihe cyose bibaye ngombwa. 2.Agaciro k’ikiburanwa mu gihe katagenwe ikirego gitangwa ku rwego rwa mbere, kagenwa hashingiwe ku igenagaciro rikozwe mu buryo bukurikije amategeko n’umuhanga ubyemerewe n’amategeko kandi ubifitiye ububasha. 3. Iyo ikibazo nyamukuru cyasuzumwe n’Inkiko zombi ari kimwe ndetse zikagera ku cyemezo kimwe nyuma yo gusobanura kimwe impamvu zatumye zifata icyo cyemezo, uwatsinzwe muri izo manza aba yaratsinzwe kabiri ku mpamvu zimwe, bityo ubujurire bwa kabiri ntibwakirwa. Ubujurire ntibwakiriwe kuko butari mu bubasha bw’Urukiko. Amategeko yashingiweho. Itegeko Nº 30/2018 ryo ku wa 02/06/2018 rigena ububasha bw’Inkiko, Ingingo ya 52, Igika cya 2, 4 Itegeko N° 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, 39. Ingingo ya 111 Imanza zifashishijwe. Urubanza RCAA 00019/2016/SC- RCAA 0019/CS/ rwa URAYENEZA John na Association AVENIR rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 15/12/2017 Urubanza RCAA 0097/10/CS rwaciwe ku wa 06/05/2011, Urubanza RCAA 00007/2018/CA rwa NGIRUMUKIZA Eugène na CYATENGWA Pascaline & SUNNY TIRE RWANDA Ltd rwaciwe n’urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 22/02/2019, Urubanza rubanziriza urundi mu rubanza RCAA 00002/2021/CA rwa BATSINDA Camille na bagenzi be barega BIZIMANA Augustin rwaciwe n’urukiko rw’Ubujurire kuwa ku wa 29/10/2021

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Urubanza RCOMAA 0051/14/CS rwa RRA na SECAM Ltd rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 04/12/2015 Urubanza, RCOMAA 0038/16/CS - RCOMAA 0033/2016/SC rwa Bank of Kigali Plc na MULISA KANA Martin rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 21/04/2017. Urubanza RCOMAA 00043/2021/CA rwa HIGH END DEVELOPERS Ltd / MURERWA Annet, ODUOR EDGAR DICKSON OMALA OTIENO na RIGHT Ltd rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 29/12/2021. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA: [1] Uru rubanza rwatangiriye mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Ngoma, aho Uwamahoro Ernestine yareze Nzirorera Joseph, avuga ko kuva tariki ya 25/03/2006 kugeza mu mwaka wa 2010 babanye nk’umugore n’umugabo, ko muri icyo gihe yakoraga muri salon de coiffure, naho Nzirorera Joseph yerekana filimi, bakaza kugura ubutaka bubaruye kuri UPI: 5/05/04/03/3486, UPI: 5/05/04/03/3588, UPI: 5/05/04/03/4780 na UPI: 5/05/05/04/2193, ndetse bakanubakana amazu abiri (2), inzu imwe (1) ikorerwamo imirimo ya Bar (akabari), naho indi igakodeshwa, ariko ko baje gutandukana NZIRORERA Joseph agasigara muri iyo mitungo wenyine. [2] Muri urwo rubanza RC00048/2021/TGI/NGOMA, Uwamahoro Ernestine yasabye ko ibyangombwa by’ubutaka UPI: 5/05/04/03/3486, UPI: 5/05/04/03/3588, UPI: 5/05/04/03/4780 na UPI: 5/05/05/04/2193 byanditse kuri Nzirorera Joseph biteshwa agaciro bikabandikwaho bombi, kandi bakabigabana mu buryo bungana, Nzirorera Joseph akamuha indishyi mbonezamusaruro zingana na 12.000.000Frw, 2.000.000Frw y’indishyi z’akababaro, 500.000Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka, 300.000Frw yo gusiragizwa mu nkiko, 1.000.000Frw yo gushorwa mu manza nta mpamvu, na 200.000Frw yo gukurikirana urubanza. [3] Nzirorera Joseph yireguye avuga ko atigeze abana na Uwamahoro Ernestine nk’umugore n’umugabo, ko Uwamahoro yari umukozi we wo muri salon de coiffure, ko kandi babyaranye abana babiri (2), ko atigeze amushyira mu mitungo ye, ko muri icyo gihe yari umukozi we yari afite isambu iherereye mu Rugarama, Kigina, Akarere ka Kirehe, ibyuma bine (4) bishya, akabari na salon de coiffure, isambu yarimo urutoki yari Kavuzo, Kigina, Kirehe n’urutoki rwari mu Kagari ka Nyabikokora, bityo ko nta mitungo yashakanye na Uwamahoro Ernestine ku buryo bayigabana, ko ahubwo yishoye mu Rukiko agamije kumutwarira imitungo. Asoza asaba Urukiko kumutegeka kumuha amafaranga 500.000Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka, na 1.000.000 y’u Rwanda yo kumushora mu manza nta mpamvu. [4] Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Ngoma rwasuzumye niba Uwamahoro Ernestine na Nzirorera Joséph barabanye nk’umugore n’umugabo ariko batarashyingiranywe. Rusuzuma niba imitungo iregerwa muri urwo rubanza barayishakanye cyangwa barayihahanye ku buryo bayigabana mu buryo bungana. Runasuzuma ishingiro ry’indishyi n’andi mafaranga asabwa n’ababuranyi.

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[5] Ku wa 09/02/2022, Urukiko rwaciye urubanza, rwemeza ko ikirego cya Uwamahoro Ernestine gifite ishingiro, ko Uwamahoro Ernestine na Nzirorera Joseph bagabana mu buryo bungana imitungo bahahanye ibaruye kuri UPI: 5/05/04/03/3486, UPI: 5/05/04/03/3588, UPI: 5/05/04/03/4780 na UPI: 5/05/05/04/2193, ariko hagakurwamo agaciro k’ikibanza cyubatsemo inzu kuko ari icya Nzirorera Joséph. Urukiko kandi rwategetse Nzirorera Joseph guha Uwamahoro Ernestine 1.000.000Frw y’indishyi mbonezamusaruro, 500.000Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka na 100.000 Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza, no kumusubiza 20.000Frw yatanzeho ingwate arega. [6] Nzirorera Joseph yajuririye icyo cyemezo mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana, ubujurire bwe buhabwa RCA00023/2022/HC/RWG avuga ko n’ubwo yabanye na Uwamahoro Ernestine ariko hatagaragajwe aho yaba yarakuye amafaranga ngo bafatanye kugura umutungo. Akavuga ko mu guca urubanza hashingiwe ku nyandiko y’inzego z’ibanze kandi zidafite ububasha bwo kuburanisha ibyerekeranye n’imimerere y’abantu, hirengagijwe ko Uwamahoro Ernestine atari kuba yaraburanye mbere ibyerekeranye n’ibitunga abana ngo areke kugaragaza imitungo yita iye. [7] Uwamahoro Ernestine yireguye avuga ko ku bijyanye no kuba raporo y’inzego z’ibanze yarashingiweho nk’ikimenyetso, no kuba yari yaraburanye mbere ikibazo cy’abana bitabangamira uburenganzira bwe bwo kuburana uruhare rwe ku mitungo bashakanye ngo mu kubisuzuma Urukiko rushingire kuri raporo y’inzego z’ibanze n’ibyavuzwe mu rubanza rwemeje mbere ko abana ari aba Nzirorera. [8] Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana, rwasuzumye ibibazo bijyanye no kumenya niba raporo y’inzego z’ibanze n’ibyavuzwe mu rubanza rwemeje ko abana ari aba Nzirorera byashingirwaho mu kwemeza ko imitungo iburanwa Uwamahoro na Nzirorera bayishakanye, bakaba bayigabana ku buryo bungana, n’ikibazo cyo kumenya niba hari indishyi zisabwa zagenwa muri uru rubanza. [9] Ku wa 18/10/2022, Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana rwakijije urwo rubanza, maze rwemeza ko ikirego cy’ubujurire cyatanzwe na Nzirorera Joseph nta shingiro gifite, ko urubanza RC00048/2021/TGI/NGOMA rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Ngoma ku wa 09/11/2021, rwemeje ko Nzirorera Joseph agabana na Uwamahoro Ernestine ku buryo bungana imitungo bahahanye ibaruye kuri UPI: 5/05/04/03/3486; UPI: 5/05/04/03/3588; UPI: 5/05/04/03/4780 na UPI: 5/05/05/05/2193 (kuri uyu mutungo hatabariwemo agaciro k’ikibanza), rukanategeko Nzirorera Joseph guha Uwamahoro Ernestine 1.000.000 Frw y’indishyi mbonezamusaruro, 500.000Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka, 100.000Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza na 20.000Frw Uwamahoro yatanze arega, ruhindutse gusa ku ndishyi. Urukiko Rukuru kandi rwategetse Nzirorera Joseph kwishyura Uwamahoro Ernestine 350.000Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka n’ay’ikurikiranarubanza, abariwe hamwe, kuri urwo rwego rw’ubujurire, runategeka ko 40.000Frw Nzirorera Joseph yatanze arega ahwanye n’ibyakozwe mu rubanza. [10] Ku wa 11/11/2022, Nzirorera Joseph yajuririye urubanza RCA00023/2022/HC/RWG mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, anenga kuba Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana rwaremeje ko agabana na Uwamahoro Ernestine imitungo igizwe n’amazu abiri (2) kandi batarayishakanye. Urubanza rwandikwa kuri RCAA00031/2022/CA, ruburanishwa ababuranyi bombi bahari ku wa 14/04/2023, Nzirorera Joseph yunganiwe na Me Mukiza Bizimana Silas naho Uwamahoro Ernestine yunganiwe na Me Mutebutsi Pascal. Mu iburanisha ababuranyi bumviswe n’Urukiko ku bijyanye

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n’inzitizi z’iburabubasha zatanzwe na Uwamahoro Ernestine, no ku mafaranga y’ibyagenze ku rubanza mu gihe inzitizi yaba ihawe ishingiro urubanza rukagarukira aha. Urukiko ruvuga ko urubanza ruzasomwa ku wa 28/04/2023, ari nacyo gihe rusomeweho mu ruhame. II. ISESENGURA RY’IBIBAZO BIGIZE URUBANZA Gusuzuma niba ubujurire bwa kabiri bwatanzwe na Nzirirera Joseph buri mu bubasha bw’uru Rukiko rw’Ubujurire hashingiwe ku gaciro k’ikiburanwa. [11] Uwamahoro Ernetine yunganiwe na Me Mutebutsi Pascal yatanze inzitizi yo kutakira ubujurire bwa Nzirorera Joseph, ashingiye ku kuba ibijyanye n’agaciro k’ikiburanwa bitarigeze biburanwaho hakurikijwe kamere y’ikiburanwa, kuko ku rwego rubanza icyaregewe ari: "Gusaba ko ibyangombwa by’ubutaka UPI: 5/05/04/03/3588, UPI: 5/05/04/03/3486, UPI: 5/05/04/03/4780, UPI: 5/05/05/04/2193 byanditse kuri Nzirorera Joseph byateshwa agaciro bikandikwa kuri Uwamahoro Ernestine na Nzirorera Joseph bakabigabana mu buryo bungana". Avuga kandi ko nta n’indishyi zigeze kuri 75.000.000Frw umucamanza yigeze agena mu manza zombi zabanje. [12] Bavuga ko ibivugwa n’uruhande rwa Nzirorera Joseph ko rushingira ku gaciro k’umutungo uburanwa kagenwe n’umuhanga nta shingiro bifite, ko mu gihe nta gaciro k’ikiburanwa kavugwa mu manza zabanje batari kugashakisha ubu kuko aho Itegeko rivuga ko ikiburanwa kigomba kuba gifite agaciro kangana na 75.000.000Frw kagenwe n’umuhanga iyo bibaye ngombwa, bakabaye barabikoze bakakagaragaza mu manza zabanje. [13] Nzirorera Joseph n’umwunganizi we bavuga ko ubujurire bwe buri mu bubasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire, hashingiye ku ngingo ya 52 igika cya 4 y’Itegeko Nº30/2018 ryo ku wa 02/06/2018 rigena ububsha bw’inkiko, iteganya ko "Iyo icyaburanwe kitagenewe agaciro mu mafaranga mu manza zabanje, kigomba kuba gifite agaciro nibura kangana na miliyoni mirongo irindwi n’eshanu z’amafaranga y’u Rwanda (75.000.000Frw) kagenwe n’umuhanga iyo bibaye ngombwa". [14] Basobanura ko ikiregerwa gifite agaciro karenga miliyoni 150 kuri expertise (igenagaciro) yakozwe igashyirwa muri dosiye, kuko iyo abarega babona kiri no munsi ya miliyoni 20, bari kuba baratangirije urubanza mu Rukiko rw’Ibanze, kandi ko Itegeko ryavuzwe haruguru riteganya ko iyo ikiburanwa kitagenewe agaciro mu nkiko zabanje kigomba kuba gifite nibura agaciro ka miliyoni 75. Bavuga kandi ko uregwa yakabaye ubu avuga nibura ko ahakana agaciro imitungo yahawe n’umugenagaciro. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [15] Ku birebana n’ibisabwa kugira ngo Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rugire ububasha bwo kuburanisha urubanza ku rwego rw’ubujurire bwa kabiri, ingingo ya 52, igika cya 4, y’Itegeko Nº 30/2018 ryo ku wa 02/06/2018 rigena ububasha bw’Inkiko iteganya ibi bikurikira : "Iyo icyaburanwe kitagenewe agaciro mu mafaranga mu manza zabanje, kigomba kuba gifite agaciro nibura kangana na miliyoni mirongo irindwi n’eshanu z’amafaranga y’u Rwanda (75.000.000Frw) kagenwe n’umuhanga iyo bibaye ngombwa".

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[16] Muri uru rubanza hari ikibazo cyo kumenya niba ikirego kigamije kwandikisha umutungo ku wundi nyuma ukagabanwa ku buryo bungana cyashobora kugenerwa agaciro mu buryo bw’amafaranga ndetse n’icyashingirwaho mu kugena ako gaciro mu gihe nta n’indishyi zigera kuri 75.000.000 Frw zatanzwe mu manza zabanje. [17] Dosiye y’urubanza igaragaza ko ikirego cyatanzwe ku rwego rwa mbere urubanza rukandikwa kuri RC00048/2021/TGI/NGOMA rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Ngoma ku wa 09/11/2021 ari “Gusaba ko ibyangombwa by’ubutaka UPI: 5/05/04/03/3486, UPI: 5/05/04/03/3588; UPI: 5/05/04/03/4780 na UPI: 5/05/05/04/2193 byanditse kuri Nzirorera Joseph byateshwa agaciro bikandikwa kuri Uwamahoro Ernestine na Nzirorera Joseph bakabigabana mu buryo bungana”. urubanza kuri icyo kiburanwa rukaba ari rwo rwagiye rujuririrwa kugeza mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire. [18] Dosiye y’urubanza igaragaza ko umugereka kuva wa mbere kugeza ku wa kane [001-0004] watanzwe n’uwajuriye uherekeje ikirego cye cy’ubujurire bwa kabiri, ari raporo yo ku wa 07/11/2022 y’igenagaciro ry’umutungo usabirwa kugabanwa mu buryo bungana. Uwo mutungo wagaragarijwe agaciro n’umugenagaciro Ing. Ndagijimana Modeste yemeza ko umutungo ubaruye kuri UPI zikurikira : UPI : 5/05/04/03/4780 ufite agaciro kangana na 6.810.000Frw, UPI: 5/05/04/03/3486 ufite agaciro kangana na 75.000.000Frw, UPI: 5/05/04/03/6221 ufite agaciro kangana na 35.642.300Frw, UPI: 5/05/05/04/2193 ufite agaciro kangana na 32.860.000Frw, maze agaciro k’iyo mitungo yose iburanwa kakangana na 150.312.300Frw. [19] Ku bijyanye n’ikibazo cyo kumenya niba ikiburanwa muri uru rubanza cyashobora kugenerwa agaciro mu buryo bw’amafaranga, Urukiko rurasanga, hararegewe kugira uruhare ku mitungo itimukanwa ibaruwe kuri UPI: 5/05/04/03/3486, UPI: 5/05/04/03/3588; UPI: 5/05/04/03/4780 na UPI: 5/05/05/04/2193 yanditse kuri Nzirorera Joseph, ibi bikaba ari nabyo byagiye bifatwaho ibyemezo mu manza zabanje n’ubwo nta mpamvu yari yarigeze ibaho mbere yatuma hagibwa impaka ku gaciro k’ikiburanwa. Urukiko rukaba rusanga ariko nta kibuza ko ikiburanwa kigizwe n’umutungo utimukanwa kigenerwa agaciro igihe bibaye ngombwa, ari nabyo Nzirorera Joseph yakoze yiyambaza umugenagaciro akagena ako gaciro k’uwo mutungo mbere y’uko atanga iki kirego cy’ubujurire bwa kabiri. [20] Ku kibazo cyo kumenya icyashingirwaho mu kugena ako gaciro kugira ngo hasuzumwe ikibazo cy’ububasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire bwo kuburanisha ubujurire bwa kabiri bwa Nzirorera Joseph, Urukiko rurasanga mu gihe aka gaciro nta handi kigeze kagaragazwa n’Urukiko mu manza zabanje kuko byari bitaraba ngombwa, nta handi kukagena byashingirwa ubu bibaye ngombwa uretse gusa ku igenagaciro rikozwe mu buryo bukurikije amategeko n’umuhanga ubyemerewe n’amategeko kandi ubifitiye ububasha hashingiwe ku biteganywa mu gace gasoza k’ingingo ya 52, igika cya 4 y’Itegeko Nº 30/2018 ryo ku wa 02/06/2018 rigena ububasha bw’Inkiko yibukijwe haruguru. [21] Urukiko rurasanga rero rukwiye gushingira agaciro k’ikiburanwa kuri raporo yo ku wa 07/11/2022 y’igenagaciro ry’umutungo uri mu kibazo kiburanwa, uwajuriye yashyikirije Urukiko iherekeje ubujurire bwe, muri iyo raporo uwo mutungo ukaba waragaragarijwe agaciro n’umugenagaciro Ing. Ndagijimana Modeste akemeza ko umutungo ubaruye kuri izo UPI zavuzwe hejuru ufite agaciro karenga 75.000.000Frw, iyi raporo uregwa akaba yarayibonye muri dosiye akimenyeshwa ubu bujurire aregwamo ariko akaba ntacyo yigeze ayinengaho ngo akoreshe nibura indi

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iyihinyuza. Uru Rukiko rukaba rero ntaho rwashingira rwanga kuyiha agaciro cyane cyane ko igaragaza agaciro k’ikiburanwa mu gihe cyegereye icy’itangwa ry’ubujurire. [22] Urukiko rurasanga kandi ikibazo nk’iki kiburanwa muri iyi nzitizi gisa n’icyakemuwe mu rubanza rubanziriza urundi ku mirongo inyuranye yafashwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga1 ndetse n’Uru Rukiko rw’Ubujurire2, Urukiko rugendeye kuri iyo mirongo yagiye ifatwa kuri bene ibyo bibazo, narwo rukaba rusanga ikibazo cy’ububasha bw’Urukiko bushingiye ku gaciro k’ikiburanwa kigomba gukemurwa muri ubwo buryo. [23] Hashingiwe ku mategeko ndetse n’ibisobanuro byagaragajwe haruguru, Urukiko rurasanga kuba raporo y’igenagaciro yavuzwe haruguru igaragaza ko umutungo utimukanwa ubaruye kuri UPI: 5/05/04/03/3486, UPI: 5/05/04/03/3588; UPI: 5/05/04/03/4780 na UPI: 5/05/05/04/2193, ari impamvu ituma ubu bujurire bwa kabiri bugomba kwakirwa kuko buri mu bubasha bw’Urukiko, bityo ko inzitizi ishingiye ku gaciro k’ikiburanwa yatanzwe n’uregwa muri uru rubanza ikaba idafite ishingiro. Gusuzuma niba ubujurire bwatanzwe na Nzirorera Joseph butari mu bubasha bw’uru Rukiko rw’Ubujurire kubera gutsindwa ku mpamvu zimwe mu Nkiko zombi zabanje. [24] Uwamahoro Ernestine n’umwunganizi we Me Mutebutsi Pascal batanze indi nzitizi yo kutakira ubujurire bwa Nzirorera Joseph bashingiye noneho ku kuba inkiko zombi zabanje mu gusuzuma ikibazo kijyanye no kumenya niba aba bombi barabanye nk’umugabo n’umugore bagahahana imitungo iburanwa, zose zaremeje ko bayigabana, zishingiye ku mpamvu zimwe z’uko bombi babanye nk’umugabo n’umugore ndetse bagashakana imitungo iburanwa. [25] Me Mutebutsi Pascal asobanura ko haba ku rwego rwa mbere ndetse no ku rwego rw’ubujurire, Nzirorera Joseph yemeye ko yabanye na Uwamahoro Ernestine nk’umugabo n’umugore ndetse bakabyarana abana babiri (2), maze Inkiko zabanje zimaze kubisuzuma zeemeza ko atsinzwe zishingiye ku mpamvu zimwe z’uko aba bombi babanye nk’umugabo n’umugore ndetse bagashakana imitungo iburanwa bakwandikwaho ku buryo bungana. Bityo ko ubujurire bwe butagomba kwakirwa. [26] Avuga ko ku rupapuro rwa 2 , mu gika cya 6 cy’urubanza RC00048/2021/TGI/NGOMA, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Ngoma rwasuzumye ingingo ijyanye no kumenya niba Uwamahoro Ernestine na Nzirorera Joseph barabanye nk’umugabo n’umugore, maze rushingiye ku kuba barabyaranye abana babiri (2), no ku kuba mu rubanza RC00005/2021/TB/KRH rwaciwe n’Urukiko 1Urubanza RCAA 00019/2016/SC- RCAA 0019/CS/ rwaciwe ku wa 15/12/2017 hagati ya Urayeneza John na Association AVENIR na RCAA 0097/10/CS rwaciwe ku wa 06/05/2011, aho zemeje ko bitabujijwe kugaragaza agaciro k’ikiburanwa no mu bujurire, ariko ibyo bigakorwa gusa mu gihe katagiweho impaka mu Nkiko zabanje kandi noneho ari ngombwa ko kamenyekana. 2 Urubanza RCAA 00007/2018/CA rwaciwe ku wa 22/02/2019 hagati ya Ngirumukiza Eugène na Cyatengwa Pascaline & Sunny Tire Rwanda Ltd, ku kibazo gisaba Urukiko gutegeka ko ikibanza gifite no UPI: 1/03/07/01/1613 cyandikwa kuri Cyatengwa Pascaline. Muri urwo rubanza hatanzwemo inzitizi y’iburabubasha bw’Urukiko ishingiye ku gaciro k’ikiburanwa, ikibanza cyari cyaraguzwe 22.000.000 Frw ku wa 26/05/2015 agaciro kacyo ntikagarukweho mu nkiko zabanje kugeza igihe cyo kujuririra, maze Urukiko rugendeye ku igengagaciro ryakozwe ku biciro by’ubutaka byariho muri 2018, rwemeza ko rufite ububasha bwo kuburanisha ubujurire rushingiye ku gaciro k’ikiburanwa. Urubanza rubanziriza urundi mu rubanza nº RCAA 00002/2021/CA rwaciwe ku wa 29/10/2021 hagati ya Batsinda Camille na bagenzi be barega Bizimana Augustin ku kibazo cyo gutesha agaciro icyemezo cy’ubukode burambye UPI: 1/02/13/03/815 cyanditse kuri Bizimana Augustin na Mukamana Dancille.

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rw’Ibanze rwa Kirehe Nzirorera Joseph yariyemereye ko yabanye na Uwamahoro Ernestine, rukemeza ko aba bombi babanye nk’umugabo n’umugore nk’uko bigaragara mu gika cya 4 ku rupapuro rwa 3, ko rwashingiye kandi ku ngingo ya 3 y’Itegeko nº 15/2004 ryo ku wa 12/06/2004 ryerekeye ibimenyetso mu manza n’itangwa ryabyo. Ku kibazo kijyanye no kumenya niba imitungo iregerwa na Uwamahoro Erneste yarayihahanye na Nzirorera Joseph ku buryo bayigabana mu buryo bungana, ku rupapuro rwa 5 mu gika cya 3 n’icya 4 by’urubanza RC00048/2021/TGI/NGOMA, Urukiko rwasanze aba bombi barahahanye imitungo ivugwa, maze mu gika cya 9 cy’urwo rubanza ruvuga ko bagomba kuyandikwaho bombi ku buryo bungana kuko yaguzwe babana nk’umugabo n’umugore ariko batarasezeranye. [27] Uregwa muri ubu bujurire avuga kandi ko ibimaze kuvugwa haruguru byagarutsweho mu rubanza RCA 00023/2022/HC/RWG rujuririrwa, aho Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana, narwo rwasuzumye ingingo ijyanye no kumenya niba Raporo y’inzego z’Ibanze n’urubanza rwemeje ko abana ari aba NZIRORERA Joseph byashingirwaho mu kwemeza ko imitungo iburanwa bayishakanye, bakayigabana, maze mu gutanga igisubizo ruvuga ko rusanga Nzirorera Joseph na Uwamahoro Ernestine barabanye nk’umugabo n’umugore, kandi ko Uwamahoro Ernestine yakoraga aho yari afite Salon de coiffure kandi ko hari imitungo bashakanye, byongeye kandi ko ibyo kuba barabanye nk’umugabo n’umugore byumvikanye mu mvugo za Nzirorera Joseph imbere y’Urukiko, aho yemeye ko babanye nk’umugabo n’umugore, ariko akongeraho ko batabanye mu mitungo iburanwa, ko ahubwo bakodeshaga nk’uko bigaragara ku rupapuro rwa 5, igika cya 4 by’urubanza RCA00023/2022/HC/RWG, hanyuma ku rupapuro rwa 6, igika cya 4 Urukiko ruvuga ko nyuma y’ibimaze gusobanurwa haruguru, rusanga Nzirorera Joseph na Uwamahoro Ernestine barabanye nk’umugabo n’umugore, imitungo yasobanuwe haruguru igurwa muri icyo gihe babanaga, hanagaragazwa icyo Uwamahoro Ernestine yakoraga, bityo ko ibyemejwe mu rubanza RC00048/2021/TGI/NGOMA rujuririrwa bifite ishingiro, imitungo yavuzwe bakaba bagomba kuyigabana ku buryo bungana. [28] Mu kwiregura kuri iyo nziti, Me Gasana Jean Baptiste na Me Busogi Cikoma Emmanuel bari bahagarariye Nzirorera Joseph kugeza hasojwe inama ntegurarubanza bavuze ko nta shingiro ifite, kuko Inkiko zombi mu gufata icyemezo cy’uko bagabana imitungo iburanwa, zashingiye ku kuba barabanye nk’umugabo n’umugore bagashakana iyo mitungo, ko ariko ibyo nta gaciro byahabwa kuko mu gihe gito babanye kitagera ku myaka itatu (3 ans) batari kuba bashakanye iyo mitungo, ko n’ubwo zemeje ko bayigabana zishingiye ku kuba barabanaga nk’umugabo n’umugore, ariko ko mu gahe gato babanye bitashobokaga ko bahahana iyo mitungo, kandi ko Urukiko rutigeze rusuzuma niba mu gihe babaniye Nzirorera Joseph atari asanzwe afite iyo mitungo. Ikindi kandi bavuga ko iyi nzitizi idakwiye guhabwa ishingiro hashingiwe ku gaciro k’ikiburanwa, kuko ibyo Nzirorera Joseph yashingiyeho ajurira bihagije kugira ngo ubujurire bwe bwakirwe, bityo ko kugira ibindi bisobanuro batanga kuri iyi nzitizi atari ngombwa. [29] Mu iburanisha ry’urubanza, Me Mukiza Bizimana Silas wari urwinjiyemo bwa mbere yunganira Nzirorera Joseph, avuga ko bagenzi be bamubanjirije mu rubanza baatatinze kuri iyi nzitizi ya kabiri ariko ko yakoze umwanzuro w’inyongera ugaragaza ibisobanuro birambuye. Avuga ko mu kugera ku cyemezo kimwe inkiko zombi zabanje zitanyuze mu nzira imwe kuko mu rubanza ku rwego rwa mbere hasuzumwe ibibazo bitatu, icy’ingenzi muri byo ari ukumenya niba Uwamahoho na Nzirorera barabanye nk’umugabo n’umugore batarashyingiranwe, ariko ko mu Rukiko Rukuru ho

## Page 9

hasuzumwe ibimenyetso bya raporo y’inzego z’ibanze n’urubanza rwa paternité mu kwemeza ko bagabana imitungo bashakanye mu giheibyari byararebwe mbere byo kumenya niba barabanye nk’umugore n’umugabo bitigeze bigarukwaho mu Rukiko Rukuru, bityo ko hahayemo ugutandukanya ibyashingiweho icyemezo. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [30] Ikibazo cyo kumenya niba impamvu zashingiweho Nzirorera Joseph atsindwa ku rwego rwa mbere n’urwa kabiri ari zimwe, kigomba gusuzumwa hasesengurwa imikirize y’urubanza kuri izo nzego zombi, ingingo z’ingenzi zasuzumwe, impamvu buri Rukiko rwashingiyeho kugira ngo rugere ku cyemezo, byaramuka bigaragaye ko ari zimwe, ubujurire bwe bwa kabiri ntibube buri mu bubasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire. [31] Ingingo ya 52, igika cya 2, y’Itegeko Nº 30/2018 ryo ku wa 02/06/2018 rigena ububasha bw’Inkiko iteganya ibisabwa ngo Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ruburanishe mu rwego rw’ubujurire bwa kabiri imanza zaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi, n’Urukiko Rukuru rwa Gisirikare iyo zujuje ibiteganywa n’iyo ngingo, ariko mu gika cya gatatu cy’iyo ngingo igateganya irengayobora rikurikira: “Icyakora kandi ubujurire bwa kabiri ntibushora kwakirwa ku manza z’ababuranye bemera ibyo baregwa, cyangwa ku muburanyi watsinzwe mu Nkiko zombi hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe”. Ibi bikaba bivuze ko n’ubwo Urukiko rwasanze haruguru rufite ububasha hashingiwe ku gaciro k’ikiburanwa, ruramutse rusanze uwajuriye yaratsinzwe ku mpamvu zimwe mu nkiko zombi zabanje, nta bubasha rwaba rugifite. [32] Ku bijyanye n’ibisobanuro by’impamvu zimwe, zumvikana nk’ibisobanuro buri Rukiko rwashingiyeho mu gufata icyemezo cyarwo rugendeye ku byabaye no ku byo amategeko ateganya, kandi ni zo zishingirwaho mu kugaragariza no gusobanurira ababuranyi icyatumye Urukiko rufata icyemezo, akaba ari na zo ziherwaho ababuranyi basuzuma niba imiburanire yabo yarasesenguwe n’Urukiko, bitewe n’uko buri cyemezo cy’Urukiko kigomba kuba cyasobanuriwe impamvu3, atari uburyo bwo kunenga urubanza ku byarukozwemo. [33] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rubona ko ikibazo cyasuzumwe n’Inkiko zombi zabanje cyerekeranye no kumenya niba imitungo iregerwa na Uwamahoro Ernestine yarayishakanye cyangwa yarayihahanye na Nzirorera Joseph ku buryo bayigabana mu buryo bungana, ari cyo kigomba guhuzwa n’ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 52 igika cya gatatu hagereranywa imitekerereze y’umucamanza mu guhuza n’icyaburanwe, yagejeje Nzirorera Joseph ku gutsindwa kuri izo nzego zombi, n’ubwo we avuga ko atatsinzwe ku mpamvu zimwe mu nkiko zombi n’iyo nzitizi ikaba idafite ishingiro. [34] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga imikirize y’urubanza RC00048/2021/TGI/NGOMA rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Ngoma ku wa 09/02/2022 mu bika bya 13 - 16 byarwo, igaragaza ko urwo Rukiko rwasesenguye ingingo imwe nyamukuru ijyanye no “gusuzuma niba imitungo iregerwa 3 Reba igika cya 22 cy’urubanza no RCOMAA 0051/14/CS hagati ya RRA na SECAM Ltd rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 04/12/2015 n’igika cya 21 cy’urubanza, n° RCOMAA 0038/16/CS - RCOMAA 0033/2016/SC rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 21/04/2017 hagati ya Bank of Kigali Plc na MULISA KANA Martin. Reba igika cya 21 mu rubanza RCOMAA 00043/2021/CA rwaciwe ku wa 29/12/2021 haburana HIGH END DEVELOPERS Ltd / MURERWA Annet, ODUOR EDGAR DICKSON OMALA OTIENO na RIGHT Ltd.

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na Uwamahoro Ernestine yarayishakanye cyangwa yarayihahanye na Nzirorera Joseph ku buryo bayigabana mu buryo bungana”; Nzirorera Joseph atsindwa n’uko hari ibimenyetso byerekana ko umutungo uregerwa bawushakanye babana nk’umugabo n’umugore, harimo na raporo yakozwe n’ubuyobozi bwo mu nzego z’ibanze ku wa 30/01/2010 bw’Umudugudu wa Nyakarambi I n’Akagari ka Ruhanga ndetse n’ibiteganywa n’amategeko4. [35] Naho imikirize y’urubanza RCA00023/2022/HC/RMG rwo ku wa 18/10/2022, mu bika byarwo bya 16-23 igaragaza ko urwo Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana rwasesenguye ikibazo kijyanye no kumenya niba raporo y’inzego z’ibanze n’urubanza rwemeje ko abana ari aba Nzirorera Joseph, byashingirwaho mu kwemeza ko imitungo iburanwa bayishakanye bayigabana, ku bw’ubujurire bwe wavugaga ko hatagaragajwe ahakuwe amafaranga yo gufatanya na Uwamahoro Ernestine kugura uwo mutungo no kuba harashingiwe ku nyandiko y’inzego z’ibanze kandi zidafite ububasha bwo kuburanisha ibyerekeranye n’imimerere. Urukiko na rwo rubona ko Nzirorera Joseph na Uwamahoro Ernestine babanye nk’umugore n’umugabo, iyo mitungo igurwa muri icyo gihe babanaga, hagaragazwa icyo Uwamahoro yakoraga, hashingiwe ku bimenyetso byavuzwe mu rubanza ndetse n’amategeko yagaragajwe5, Nzirorera Joseph atsindwa n’uko atashoboye kubivuguruza kandi yemera ko babanye nk’umugabo n’umugore mu gihe cyavuzwe hejuru ari nabwo imitungo na yo yaguzwe. [36] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga izo Nkiko zombi zitaranyuze inzira ebyiri zitandukanye ngo zigere ku cyemezo kimwe zafashe nk’uko uwiregura yashatse kubyumvikanisha, ahubwo zasobanuye kimwe impamvu z’ugutsindwa kwa Nzirorera Joseph, kuri icyo kibazo nyamukuru cyasuzumwe mu mizi cyerekeranye no kumenya niba imitungo iregerwa na Uwamahoro Ernestine yarayishakanye cyangwa yarayihahanye na Nzirorera Joseph ku buryo bayigabana mu buryo bungana; bityo ubu bujurire yatanze bukaba butagomba kwakirwa ngo busuzumwe hakurikijwe ibiteganywa n’iyo ngingo ya 52 igika cya 3 yavuzwe hejuru kuko butari mu bubasha bw’uru Rukiko. Ibijyanye n’amafaranga y’indishyi, ikurikiranarubanza n’ay’igihembo cya Avoka asabwa n’ababuranyi. [37] Uwamahoro Ernestine yasabye Urukiko rw’Ubujurire gutegeka Nzirorera Joseph kumuha indishyi zingana na 500.000Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka, na 250.000Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza, yiyongera ku yo yagenewe mu rubanza rujuririrwa. [38] Nzirorera Joseph yireguye ku ndishyi Uwamahoro Ernestine asaba avuga ko nta shingiro zifite, kubera ko ari we washoye Nzirorera Joseph mu manza, ahubwo Nzirorera Joseph ari we ukwiye kuzihabwa zingana na 2.000.000Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka na 1.000.000Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza. 4 4Ingingo ya 39 y’Itegeko no 59/2008 ryo ku wa 10/09/2008 rikumira kandi rihana ihohoterwa iryo ari ryose rishingiye ku gitsina iteganya ibi bikurikira: «Ababanaga nk’umugore n’umugabo batashyingiranywe mu buryo buteganywa n’amategeko, bashyingirwa hakurikijwe ihame ry’ubushyingiranywe bw’umugabo umwe n’umugore umwe. Mu gihe umwe mu barebwa n’ibivugwa mu gika kibanziriza iki, yabanaga n’abagore cyangwa abagabo benshi, abanza kugabana ku buryo bungana na buri wese mu bo babanaga, umutungo bari bafitanye cyangwa bahahanye mbere y’uko ashyingirwa». 5 Ingingo ya 12 y’Itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, iteganya ibi bikurikia: “Urega agomba kugaragaza ibimenyetso by’ibyo aregera. Iyo abibuze, uwarezwe aratsinda”.

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UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [39] Ingingo ya 111 y’Itegeko N° 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi iteganya ibi bikurikira : “Ikirego cy’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza ni ikirego gishamikira ku kirego cy’iremezo kigamije kwishyuza ibyakoreshejwe mu rubanza. Ikirego cy’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza kiburanishirizwa rimwe n’ikirego cy’iremezo. Gishobora kandi kwakirwa kikanaburanishwa n’iyo ikirego cy’iremezo cyaba kitakiriwe”. Ingingo ya 152 igika cya 3 y’iryo Tegeko igateganya ko “Mu gihe ubujurire bw’ibanze butakiriwe, cyangwa bwasibwe, ntibibuza ko uregwa mu ubujurire asaba amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza”. [40] Hakurikijwe ibiteganywa n’izo ngingo z’amategeko kandi ikirego cya Nzirorera Joseph kikaba kitagomba kwakirwa nk’uko bimaze gusobanurwa haruguru, Urukiko rurasanga uwarezwe agomba kugenerwa amafaranga y’igihembo cya Avoka n’ay’ikurikiranarubanza asaba, bityo Nzirorera Joseph akaba agomba kwishyura Uwamahoro Ernestine 500.000Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka na 250.000Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza kuri uru rwego yiyongera ku byategetswe mu rubanza rwajuririwe. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [41] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwatanzwe na Nzirorera Joseph butakiriwe kuko butari mu bubasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ; [42] Rutegetse Nzirorera Joseph kwishyura Uwamahoro Ernestine 500.000Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka na 250.000Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza kuri uru rwego; [43] Ruvuze ko amafaranga y’amagarama y’uru rubanza yatanzwe na Nzirorera Joseph ahwanye n’ibyarukozwemo;