UBUSHINJACYAHA v INGABIRE

# UBUSHINJACYAHA v INGABIRE

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2024-03-25 - Case/document no.: RP 00034/2023/HC/KIG - Collection: High Court

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UBUSHINJACYAHA v INGABIRE [Rwanda URUKIKO RUKURU – RP 00034/2023/HC/KIG (Uwamariya P.J.) 25 Werurwe 2024] Amategeko agenga imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha – Ihanagurabusembwa – Ibihe byo gutanga ikirego gisaba ihanagurabusembwa – Ibihe byo gutanga ikirego gisaba ihanagurabusembwa ku muburanyi wakatiwe n’urukiko igihano cy’igifungo ariko ntagikore kigasaza – Uwakatiwe n’urukiko igihano cy’igifungo ntagikore kugeza gishaje, ikirego cye gisaba ihanagurabusembwa cyakirwa iyo hashize imyaka icumi (10), itangira kubarwa uhereye igihe ubusaze bw’igihano yakatiwe bwatangiriye. Incamake y’ikibazo: Uru rubanza rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku kirego cyatanzwe n’uwitwa Ingabire Sarah, wareze asaba ihanagurabusembwa nyuma yaho ubwo yari akeneye icyemezo cyerekana ko umuntu yakatiwe cyangwa atakatiwe n'inkiko (extrait du casier judiciaire/criminal records) yatunguwe no kubwirwa ko adashobora kugihabwa kubera ko bigaragarako hari urubanza RP 0119/11/TGl/GSBO rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo ku wa 31/10/2012 yahamijwemo icyaha cyo gukora no gukoresha inyandiko mpimbano, rukamuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka itanu n’ihazabu ya 50.000 frw, rumutegeka no gutanga amagarama y’urubanza 23.550 frw. Mu kirego cye, avuga ko kuva yakatirwa yabaye ahantu 2 kandi kuva icyo gihe nta kindi cyaha yakoze, akaba ari nta handi yongeye gusaba akazi kuko yahisemo kwikorera nka rwiyemezamirimo, akaba yaragaragaje imyitwarire myiza nkuko byemezwa n’ubuyobozi bw’inzego z’ibanze bwaho yabaye. Asoza asaba Urukiko Rukuru guhanagurwaho ubusembwa bw’icyaha cyo gukora no gukoresha inyandiko mpimbano kubera ko icyo cyaha cyashaje, ikindi akaba yaranishyuye amagarama y’urubanza yaciwe uko ari 23.550 frw. Ubushinjacya bwo buburana buvuga ko Ingabire Sarah atigeze akora igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka itanu (05) yakatiwe n’inkiko kandi kikaba ubu cyarashaje nyuma y’imyaka icumi (10) ku itariki ya 30/10/2022, buvuga ko yarengeje igihe cyo gukurikiranwaho ibihano, ko ariko ataruzuza igihe cy’imyaka icumi (10) kibarwa uhereye ku wa 31/10/2022 kugeza imyaka icumi (10) ishize, akaba yemerewe gusaba ihanagurabusembwa nyuma yo ku wa 30/10/2032. Mu kuburana, Ubushinjacyaha bugaragaza ko hakwifashishwa urubanza RP 00055/2022/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 23/02/2023 rwa Kanuma aburana n’Ubushinjacyaha, buvugako izi manza zombi ntaho zitaniye kandi ko n’ingingo ya 246 y’itegeko ryerekeye imiburanishijrze y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha mu gika cyayo cya nyuma ikaba ibisobanura. Incamake y’icyemezo: Uwakatiwe n’urukiko igihano cy’igifungo ntagikore kugeza gishaje, ikirego cye gisaba ihanagurabusembwa cyakirwa iyo hashize imyaka icumi (10), itangira kubarwa uhereye igihe ubusaze bw’igihano yakatiwe bwatangiriye. Bityo kuba Ingabire igihano yahanishijwe ku wa 31/10/2012 kingana n’imyaka itanu kitarakozwe kigasaza, igihe cy’ubusaze bwacyo ni ukugikuba kabiri, bivuze ko ari ku wa 31/10/2022, ari na wo munsi ugomba guherwaho habarwa igihe cy’imyaka icumi kugira ngo asabe ihanagurabusembwa, akaba atagomba kurihabwa kuko ataruzuza igihe cy’imyaka 10. Amategeko yakoreshejwe: Itegeko Nº 027/2019 ryo ku wa 19/09/2019 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha, Ingingo ya 245,246 n’iya 247. Itegeko-Teka N° 21/77 ryo ku wa 18 Kanama 1977 ryerekeye igitabo cy’amategeko ahana, Ingingo ya 118 igika cya mbere. Imanza zifashishijwe: Re Kanuma, RP00055/2022/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 23/2/2023.

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Ikirego ntigifite ishingiro.

Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Mu rubanza N o RP 0119/11/TGI/GSBO rwaciwe ku wa 31/10/2012, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo rwahamije Ingabire Sarah icyaha cyo gukora no gukoresha inyandiko mpimbano, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka itanu n’ihazabu ya 50.000 frw, rumutegeka no gutanga amagarama y’urubanza 23.550 frw. [2] Ku wa 20/03/2023, Ingabire Sarah yatanze ikirego mu Rukiko Rukuru asaba ihanagurabusembwa, ikirego cye cyandikwa kuri No RP 00034/2023/HC/KIG, urubanza ruburanishwa mu ruhame ku wa 21/02/2024 yunganirwa na Me MURUTASIBE Joseph, ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na Niyonkuru Françoise, umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’igihugu. [3] Ingabire Sarah n’umwuganizi we bavuga ko yahabwa ihanagurabusembwa kuko igihano yakatiwe cyashaje, ikindi urubanza rwamukatiye akaba atarigeze arumenya kuko rwaburanishijwe adahari. [4] Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko Ingabire Sarah atakoze igihano cy’imyaka itanu yakatiwe n’urukiko, igihe kigomba kubarwa kugira ngo ahabwe ihanagurabusembwa akaba ari imyaka icumi igomba kubarwa uhereye ku munsi igihano kitagishoboye gukurikiranwa, ihanagurabusembwa asaba akaba atagomba kurihabwa kuko iyo myaka icumi itaruzura.  Icyo urukiko rugomba gusuzuma muri uru rubanza, nukumenya niba Ingabire Sarah yujuje ibisabwa kugira ngo ahabwe ihanagurabusembwa. II. ISESENGURA RY’IKIBAZO KIGIZE URUBANZA - Kumenya niba Ingabire Sarah yujuje ibisabwa kugira ngo ahabwe ihanagurabusembwa. [5] Ingabire Sarah n’umwunganizi we bavuga ko ku wa 28/02/2023 yagannye serivisi y'irembo akeneye icyemezo cyerekana ko umuntu yakatiwe cyangwa atakatiwe n'inkiko (extrait du casier judiciaire/criminal records) maze atungurwa no kubwirwa ko adashobora kugihabwa kubera ko bigaragara ko yakatiwe igihano cy'igifungo cy'imyaka 5 n'Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo ku wa 31/10/2012 mu rubanza RP 0119/11/TGl/GSBO. [6] Bavuga ko nyuma yo kugura kopi y'urubanza no kumenya amakuru ajyanye narwo, Ingabire Sarah ashingiye ku ngingo za 245 na 247,al.1, 250 z'itegeko N o 027/2019 ryo ku wa 19/09/2019 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y'imanza z'inshinjabyaha ndetse n'ingingo za 75 na 77 z'itegeko No 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n'ibihano muri rusange, yasabye Urukiko Rukuru ihanagurabusembwa bw'icyaha cy'inyandiko mpimbano kuko igihano cyashaje. [7] Bavuga ko kuva Ingabire Sarah yakatirwa yabaye ahantu 2 ariho mu Mudugudu wa Byimana, Akagari ka Musezero, Umurenge wa Gisozi, Akarere ka Gasabo, Umujyi wa Kigali, nyuma yimukira mu Mudugudu w'Urwibutso, Akagari ka Rwimbogo, Umurenge wa Nyarugunga, Akarere ka Kicukiro, Umujyi wa Kigali ari naho atuye ubu nk'uko ubuyobozi byaho bubyemeza. [8] Bavuga ko kandi kuva yakatirwa nta kindi cyaha yakoze, akaba ari nta handi yongeye gusaba akazi kuko yahisemo kwikorera nka rwiyemezamirimo, akaba yaragaragaje imyitwarire nyiza nkuko byemezwa

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n’ubuyobozi bw’inzego z’ibanze bwaho yabaye, akaba asaba Urukiko Rukuru guhanagurwaho ubusembwa bw’icyaha cyo gukora no gukoresha inyandiko mpimbano kubera ko icyo cyaha cyashaje, ikindi akaba yaranishyuye amagarama y’urubanza yaciwe uko ari 23.550 frw. [9] Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko buhereye ku Itegeko Nº 027/2019 ryo ku wa 19/09/2019 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha nk’uko ryahinduwe n’Itegeko Nº 058/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 mu ngingo yaryo ya 246, busanga bigaragara ko Ingabire Sarah atigeze akora igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka itanu (05) yakatiwe n’inkiko kandi kikaba ubu cyarashaje nyuma y’imyaka icumi (10) ku itariki ya 30/10/2022, Ingabire Sarah akaba arebwa n’igika cya gatatu cy’ingingo ya 246 y’Itegeko rivugwa haruguru kubera ko yarengeje igihe cyo gukurikiranwaho ibihano. Buvuga ko ataruzuza igihe cy’imyaka icumi (10) kibarwa uhereye ku wa 31/10/2022 kugeza imyaka icumi (10) ishize, akaba yemerewe gusaba ihanagurabusembwa nyuma yo ku wa 30/10/2032. [10] Buvuga ko ubusaze bugomba gutangira kubarwa hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 118 igika cya mbere y’Itegeko-Teka N° 21/77 ryo ku wa 18 Kanama 1977 ryerekeye igitabo cy’amategeko ahana yateganyaga ko igihano cy’igifungo kiri munsi cyangwa kingana n’imyaka 5 gisaza mu gihe cyikubye kabiri ariko ko kidashobora kujya munsi y’imyaka 3. [11] Buvuga kandi ko urukiko rwashingira no ku rubanza RP 00055/2022/HC/KIG rwaciwe ku itariki ya 23/02/2023 aho Kanuma Gaspard yaburanaga n’Ubushinjacyaha asaba ihanagurabusembwa kuko izi manza zisa. Mu bika bya 9 na 10 by’urwo Rubanza, Urukiko rwagaragaje ko Kanuma Gaspard adakwiriye guhabwa ihanagurabusembwa kuko atujuje ibisabwa. Bityo kuba atujuje ibisabwa akaba atagomba guhabwa ihanagurabusembwa. [12] Ingabire Sarah n’umwunganizi we bavuga ko batemeranywa n’ubushinjacyaha kuko icyaha cyashaje, kuko yagihamijwe ku wa 31/10/2012 imyaka icumi ikaba yarashize ikindi uru rubanza rwamukatiye rukaba rwaraciwe adahari. Bavuga ko jurisprudence ubushinjacyaha butanga itashingirwaho, kuko urubanza ruvugwa ari urubanza rumwe rutanagaragaza ko rwabaye itegeko. [13] Ubushinjacya buvuga ko Sarah yakatiwe ariko ntiyakora igihano, bityo mu gusaba ihanagurabusembwa igihe kikaba cyikuba kabiri, akaba yemerewe gusaba ihanagurabusembwa muri 2032, naho iyi jurisprudence batanga akaba ari nta cyayibuza gukurikizwa kuko izi manza zombi ntaho zitaniye kandi n’ingingo ya 246 y’itegeko ryerekeye imiburanishijrze y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha mu gika cyayo cya nyuma ikaba ibisobanura. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [14] Ingingo ya 245 n’iya 246 z’Itegeko Nº 027/2019 ryo ku wa 19/09/2019 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha, ziteganya ko uwakatiwe wese igihano ashobora guhanagurwaho ubusembwa. Ihanagurabusembwa rishobora gutangwa iyo hashize imyaka itanu (5) kandi niba muri icyo gihe uwakatiwe yarakomeje kugaragaraho ibimenyetso nyakuri by’imyifatire myiza. Icyo gihe gitangira kubarwa, 1° kuva ku munsi imikirize y’urubanza rumuhana rutagishoboye gusubirwaho ku wakatiwe igihano cy’ihazabu cyangwa igihano cy’imirimo y’inyungu rusange; 2° kuva ku munsi yafunguriweho burundu cyangwa kuva ku munsi yaboneyeho ifungurwa ry’agateganyo iyo atigeze aryamburwa ku wakatiwe igihano cy’igifungo. Ku byerekeye abasubiracyaha n’abarengeje igihe cyo gukurikiranwaho ibihano, igihe kibarwa ni icy’imyaka icumi (10) kuva bafunguwe cyangwa kuva ku munsi igihe cyo kudashobora gukurikirana ibihano cyatangiriye. [15] Iya 247 yo iteganya ibisabwa kugira ngo uwakatiwe ahabwe ihanagurabusembwa. Isobanura ko uretse mu gihe igihano cyaba cyarashaje, uwakatiwe agomba kugaragaza ko yishyuye amagarama y’urubanza, ihazabu n’indishyi z’akababaro cyangwa ko yabisonewe. Iyo uwakatiwe atabonye gihamya

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cy’uko yishyuye cyangwa yasonewe, agomba kwerekana ko atakibikurikiranyweho. Icyakora, iyo uwakatiwe agaragaza ko atishoboye akerekana icyemezo cyatanzwe n’ubuyobozi bubifitiye ububasha, ikaba ari yo mpamvu yatumye atishyura amafaranga yaciwe, ashobora guhabwa ihanagurabusembwa, n’aho yaba atatanze amafaranga cyangwa yaratanze igice. [16] Ingingo ya 118 igika cya mbere y’Itegeko-Teka N° 21/77 ryo ku wa 18 Kanama 1977 ryerekeye igitabo cy’amategeko ahana (ryakurikizwaga igihe urubanza rwacibwaga), yateganyaga ko igihano cy’igifungo kiri munsi cyangwa kingana n’imyaka 5 gisaza mu gihe cyikubye kabiri ariko ko kidashobora kujya munsi y’imyaka 3. [17] Urukiko rubona ko ku wa 31/10/2012 aribwo Ingabire Sarah yakatiwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo igifungo cy’imyaka itanu n’ihazabu ya 50.000 frw. Nubwo yamaze kwishyura ihazabu yaciwe no gutanga amagarama y’urubanza nkuko yabigaragarije ibimenyetso by’inyemezabwishyu, iki gifungo cyo ntiyigeze agikora kugeza gishaje. [18] Urukiko rubona ko kuba Ingabire Sarah avuga ko urubanza RP 0119/11/TGI/GSBO rwaciwe ku wa 31/10/2012, rukamukatira imyaka itanu yarumenye ku wa 28/02/2023 agiye kuri serivisi y'irembo kuko rwaburanishijwe adahari, ntacyo byafasha muri uru rubanza kuko nta yindi nzira y’ubujurire yakoreshejwe, guhera igihe rwaciriwe rukaba rwarabaye ndakuka. Ikindi kubera ko igi gihano Ingabire Sarah atigeze agikora, kikaba cyarashaje nyuma y’imyaka icumi hashingiwe kuri iyi ngingo ya 118 y’ItegekoTeka N° 21/77 ryo ku wa 18 Kanama 1977 ryerekeye igitabo cy’amategeko ahana ryavuzwe haruguru. [19] Nkuko biteganywa mu ngingo 246 y’Itegeko Nº 027/2019 ryo ku wa 19/09/2019 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha ya nayo yavuzwe haruguru ko abarengeje igihe cyo gukurikiranwaho ibihano, igihe cyo gusaba ihanagurabusembwa kibarwa ari icy’imyaka icumi (10) kuva ku munsi igihe cyo kudashobora gukurikirana ibihano cyatangiriye, urukiko rurasanga kuba iki gihano kitarakozwe kigasaza, kuko kingana n’imyaka itanu ubusaze ni inkubwe kabiri yacyo. Bityo igihe kitari kigishoboye gukurikiranwa akaba ari ku wa 31/10/2022, ari na wo munsi ugomba guherwaho habarwa igihe cy’imyaka icumi kugira ngo Ingabire Sarah asabe guhabwa ihanagurabiusembwa, urukiko rugasanga iyi myaka icumi atarayuzuza, bityo ihanagurabusembwa asaba akaba atagomba kurihabwa. [20] Ibi kandi ni nako uru Rukiko Rukuru rwabibonye mu rubanza RP00055/2022/HC/KIG rwaciwe ku wa 23/2/2023, aho uwitwa Kanuma Gaspard atahawe ihanagurabusembwa yasabaga atarakoze igihano y’igifungo cy’amezi atanu yakatiwe, akabarirwa igihe cy’imyaka icumi igomba kurangira nyuma y’igihe igihano kitagishoboye gukurikiranwa, urukiko rugasanga iyo myaka icumi atayayuzuza. II. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [21] Rwemeje ko ikirego cya Ingabire Sarah kidafite ishingiro ishingiro ; [22] Rwemeje ko ihanagurabusembwa Ingabire Sarah yasabye atarihawe kuko atujuje ibisabwa ; [23] Rutegetse ko 40.000 frw Ingabire Sarah yatanzeho ingwaye y’igarama arega aheze mu isanduku ya Leta.