UBUSHINJACYAHA vs NSENGIMANA

# UBUSHINJACYAHA vs NSENGIMANA

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2024-11-15 - Case/document no.: RPAA 00462/2023/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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UBUSHINJACYAHA vs NSENGIMANA [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RPAA 00462/2023/CA (Umugwaneza P.J.) 15 Ugushyingo 2024] Amategeko yerekeye imanza nshinjabyaha – Ubusembure – Mu mategeko habaho ubusembure igihe hari ibikorwa ukurikiranyweho icyaha yakorewe n’uwakorewe icyaha, bituma ako kanya amukorera icyaha aregwa. Incamake y’ikibazo: Uru rubanza rwatangiriye mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Huye, uregwa akurikiranywe ku cyaha cy’ubwicanyi, nyuma yuko atahanye n’umugore witwa Bihoyiki w’imyaka mirongo ine (40) y’amavuko bari biriwe basangira inzoga, bageze mu nzira, uwo mugore ahamagara undi mugore amusomya ku nzoga bari batahanye, nuko birakaza uregwa, baratongana, aramufata amukubita ingumi mu mutwe yikubita hasi, akomeza kumukubita, abaje gutabara bagiye kumujyana kwa muganga ahita apfa. Uregwa yaburanye yemera icyaha anagisabira imbabazi, asobanura uburyo icyaha cyakozwemo. Urwo Rukiko rwaciye urubanza rwemeza ko uregwa ahamwa n’icyaha cy’ubwicanyi, rumuhanisha igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu. Uregwa yajuririye Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza asaba kugabanyirizwa igihano no kugisubikirwa kuko yaburanye yemera icyaha, akanagisabira imbabazi, agasobanura ko yakubise nyakwigendera ingumi n’imigeri mu kiziba cy'inda no mu mutwe, ko ariko ibyo yakoraga atari abizi kandi atari yabigambiriye, ko ahubwo yabitewe n’inzoga. Urwo Rukiko narwo rwaciye urubanza rwemeza ko agabanyirizwa igihano kuko yemera icyaha, kandi akaba aribwo bwa mbere akoze icyaha, rumuhanisha igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka myakumyabiri n’itanu (25). Uregwa yarongeye ajurira noneho mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, avuga ko Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza mu guca urubanza rutitaye ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha y’uko yasembuwe n’imyitwarire ya nyakwigendera wamuciriye mu maso igihe batonganaga, ko ariyo yamuteye kumukubita akamwica. Asaba uru Rukiko guha agaciro ubwo busembure, imikirize y’urubanza rwe igahinduka ku byerekeranye n’igihano hashingiwe kuri iyo mpamvu. Ubushinjacyaha bwo buburana buvuga ko impamvu y’ubujurire ishingiye ku busembure idakwiye kwakirwa ngo isuzumwe kuko ayiburanishije bwa mbere mu bujurire, mu Rukiko Rukuru akaba atarigeze ayiburanisha, bityo ubujurire bwe bukaba bunyuranyije n’ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 183 y’Itegeko n° 027/2019 ryo ku wa 19/9/2019 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza nshinjabyaha, kuko ntacyo anenga urubanza ajuririra. Incamake y’icyemezo: Mu mategeko habaho ubusembure igihe hari ibikorwa ukurikiranyweho icyaha yakorewe n’uwakorewe icyaha, bituma ako kanya amukorera icyaha aregwa. Kuba uregwa uretse kuvuga ko yasembuwe n’uwakorewe icyaha nta kimenyetso yigeze agaragaza kibishimangira, bityo ibyo avuga ko byashingirwaho nk’impamvu nyoroshyacyaha ituma urubanza yaciriwe ruhinduka agahanishwa igihano gito kucyo yari yahawe, nta shingiro ifite. Amategeko yakoreshejwe: Itegeko No 68/2018 ryo ku wa 20/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ingingo ya 56. Imanza zifashishijwe: Ubushinjacyaha vs Sezikeye Emmanuel, RPAA 0038/14/CS rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 15/9/2017. Inyandiko z’abahanga:

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F. Tulkens, M. Van De Kerchove, Y. Cartuyvels et C. Guillain, Introduction au droit pénal. Aspects juridiques et criminologiques, Kluwer, 10e édition, 2014, P. 647, cité par Oliver Michiels et Elodie Jacques, Principes de droit pénal, notes sommaires et provisoires, 4e édition, année académique 2015-2016, P.156, in https://fr. wikipedia.org/wiki/principe de légalité. Ubujurire nta shingiro bufite.

Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Ku wa 3/5/2020, ahagana mu ma saa mbiri z’ijoro, Nsengimana Jean-Claude aregwa kuba yaratahanye n’umugore witwa Bihoyiki Epiphanie w’imyaka mirongo ine (40) y’amavuko bari biriwe basangira inzoga, bageze mu nzira, uwo mugore ahamagara uwitwa Nyirantegeye Séraphine amusomya ku nzoga bari batahanye, Nsengimana Jean-Claude biramurakaza, baratongana, aramufata amukubita ingumi mu mutwe yikubita hasi, akomeza kumukubita imigeri myinshi n’ingumi mu mutwe no mu gatuza. Umugore wa Nsengimana Jean-Claude witwa Nyiranoheri Agnès wari wumvise Bihoyiki Epiphanie ataka, yarahuruye, asanga arimo kumukubita aryamye hasi, aratabaza, abantu baraza, bagiye kumujyana kwa muganga ahita apfa. [2] Iperereza rirangiye, Ubushinjacyaha bwareze Nsengimana Jean-Claude mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Huye, icyaha cy’ubwicanyi, busaba ko cyamuhama, agahanishwa igifungo cya burundu. Nsengimana Jean-Claude yaburanye yemera icyaha anagisabira imbabazi, asobanura ko ariwe wishe Bihoyiki Epiphanie amuteye imigeri mu gatuza n’ingumi mu mutwe. [3] Mu rubanza no RP 00250/2020/TGI/HYE rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Huye ku wa 22/5/2020, rushingiye ku mvugo za Nsengimana Jean-Claude wemera icyaha, imvugo za Nyiranoheri Agnès (umugore we), iza Mbezaho Steven n’iza Ndagijimana Innocent bamushinja kuba ariwe wishe Bihoyiki Epiphanie amuteye imigeri mu gatuza n’ingumi mu mutwe, bakaba baramufashe akimara kumwica bapfuye ko yasomeje Nyirantegeye Séraphine ku nzoga bari batahanye, bikanashimangirwa na raporo ya muganga igaragaza ko Bihoyiki Epiphanie yishwe n’ibikomere byo mu gatuza no mu mutwe, rwemeje ko Nsengimana Jean-Claude ahamwa n’icyaha cy’ubwicanyi, rumuhanisha igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu. [4] Nsengimana Jean-Claude yajuririye Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza asaba kugabanyirizwa igihano no kugisubikirwa kuko yaburanye yemera icyaha, akanagisabira imbabazi, agasobanura ko yakubise Bihoyiki Epiphanie ingumi n’imigeri mu kiziba cy'inda no mu mutwe, ko ariko ibyo yakoraga atari abizi kandi atari yabigambiriye, ko ahubwo yabitewe n’inzoga. [5] Mu rubanza no RPA 00537/2020/HC/Nyz, rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza ku wa 26/10/2023, rushingiye ku murongo watanzwe mu rubanza no RPAA 00231/2020/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 24/2/2023, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Rwabarinda Japhet waregwaga icyaha cy’ubwicanyi, rwemeje ko agabanyirizwa igihano kuko yaburanye yemera icyaha cyo kuba yarishe sebukwe amutemesheje umuhoro inshuro ebyiri (2) bapfa amafaranga, akaba yaracyemeye kuva mu agiftwa, aho yahanishijwe igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25), rwemeza ko na Nsengimana Jean-Claude nawe agabanyirizwa igihano kuko yemera icyaha, kandi akaba aribwo bwa mbere akoze icyaha, rumuhanisha igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka myakumyabiri n’itanu (25).

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[6] Nsengimana Jean-Claude yajuririye Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 1/11/2023, avuga ko Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza mu guca urubanza rutitaye ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha y’uko yasembuwe n’imyitwarire ya nyakwigendera wamuciriye mu maso igihe batonganaga, ko ariyo yamuteye kumukubita akamwica. Asaba uru Rukiko guha agaciro ubwo busembure, imikirize y’urubanza rwe igahinduka ku byerekeranye n’igihano hashingiwe kuri iyo mpamvu. [7] (7) Ku wa 27/5/2024, Nsengimana Jean-Claude yakoze undi mwanzuro yise uw’inyongera, avuga ko asaba kugabanyirizwa igihano no kugisubikirwa kuko nawe yababajwe n’icyaha yakoze n’urupfu rwa nyakwigendera, ko yagikoze kubera ubusinzi, kuko nta kindi bari basanzwe bapfa ahubwo bari inshuti, ndetse bari biriwe basangira. [8] Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko impamvu y’ubujurire bwa Nsengimana Jean-Claude ishingiye ku busembure idakwiye kwakirwa ngo isuzumwe kuko ayiburanishije bwa mbere mu bujurire, mu Rukiko Rukuru akaba atarigeze ayiburanisha, bityo ubujurire bwe bukaba bunyuranyije n’ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 183 y’Itegeko n° 027/2019 ryo ku wa 19/9/2019 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza nshinjabyaha, kuko ntacyo anenga urubanza ajuririra. Naho ku bijyanye no kuba asaba kugabanyirizwa igihano buvuga ko adakwiye kubihabwa kuko igihano yahawe gihagije kandi kijyanye n’uburemere bw’icyaha yakoze cy’ubwicanyi. [9] Urubanza rwahawe no RPAA 00462/2023/CA, ruburanishwa ku wa 24/9/2024, Nsengimana Jean- Claude yunganiwe na Me Mukakalisa Jeanne d’Arc, Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na Habimana Jean Cabin, Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’Igihugu. [10] Nyuma yo kumva icyo impande zombi zibivugaho mu iburanisha, Urukiko rwemeje ko ibikubiye mu mwanzuro wa mbere Nsengimana Jean-Claude yarushyikirije bijyanye no kuba yarasembuwe aribyo bisuzumwa kuko ibikubiye mu mwanzuro we wa kabiri no mu mwanzuro w’umwunganira, byaje impitagihe, ni ukuvuga nyuma y’ibihe by’ubujurire byemewe n’amategeko, kandi biza bituzuza cyangwa ngo bisobanure ibikubiye mu mwanzuro yatanze mbere ku gihe, ahubwo biza bitandukanye kandi hangendewe ku murongo uru Rukiko rwafashe bikaba bidashobora kwakirwa ngo bisuzumwe.  Ikibazo gisuzumwa ni ukumenya niba Nsengimana Jean-Claude yarasembuwe n’imyitwarire ya nyakwigendera BIHOYIKI Epiphanie, bikamutera gukora icyaha II. ISESENGURA RY’IKIBAZO KIGIZE URUBANZA Kumenya niba Nsengimana Jean-Claude yarasembuwe n’imyitwarire ya nyakwigendera Bihoyiki Epiphanie, bikamutera gukora icyaha. [11] Nsengimana Jean-Claude avuga ko Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza mu guca urubanza ajuririra, rutitaye ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha y’uko yasembuwe n’imyitwarire ya nyakwigendera BIHOYIKI Epiphanie wamuciriye mu maso igihe batonganaga bapfuye ko yari amutangiye inzoga, iyo myitwarire ikaba ariyo yamuteye kumukubita, asaba uru Rukiko guha agaciro ubwo busembure, imikirize y’urubanza rwe igahinduka ku byerekeranye n’igihano hashingiwe kuri iyo mpamvu. [12] Me Mukakalisa Jeanne d’Arc yunganira Nsengimana Jean-Claude avuga ko anenga urubanza rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza kuko rutitaye ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha y’uko habayeho ubusembure, ariko ko ikigamijwe ari ugusaba kugabanyirizwa igihano yakatiwe. [13] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko impamvu y’ubujurire bwa Nsengimana Jean-Claude ishingiye ku busembure idakwiye kwakirwa ngo isuzumwe kuko ayiburanishije bwa mbere mu bujurire bwa kabiri, mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza akaba atarigeze ayiburanisha, bityo ubujurire bwe bukaba bunyuranyije n’ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 183 y’Itegeko n° 027/2019 ryo ku wa 19/9/2019

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ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza nshinjabyaha, kuko ntacyo anenga urubanza ajuririra. Ibi bukaba bubishingira ku murongo wafashwe mu manza zitandukanye zaciwe n’uru Rukiko, nk’urubanza no RPAA 00048/2020/CA rwaciwe ku wa 26/5/2022, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Bimenyimana Jean-Paul, urubanza no RPA/GEN 00004/2019/CA rwaciwe ku wa 7/5/2021, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Munyagishali Bernard n’urubanza no RPAA 00028/2020/CA rwaciwe ku wa 27/10/2021, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Niyonagize Amos. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [14] Impaka muri uru rubanza zishingiye ku kumenya niba NSENGIMANA Jean-Claude yarasembuwe n’imyitwarire ya nyakwigendera, bikaba aribyo byamuteye gukora icyaha. [15] Ingingo ya 56 y’Itegeko n° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange iteganya ko “Igihe habaye ubusembure, umucamanza agaragaza mu cyemezo cy’urukiko ingingo zerekana ko imyitwarire y’uwakorewe icyaha ari yo yatumye icyo cyaha gikorwa”. [16] Nk’uko Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwabisobanuye mu rubanza no RPAA 0038/14/CS1 rwaciwe ku wa 15/9/2017, ubusembure bwumvikana nk’impamvu ngabanyagihano igizwe no kuba uwakoze icyaha yarabitewe n’uko yari yabanje gukorerwa igikorwa kimubabaza bikomeye kandi kimurenganya. Nk’uko byasobanuwe kandi mu rubanza n° RPAA 00362/2021/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 19/7/2022, mu mategeko habaho ubusembure igihe hari ibikorwa ukurikiranyweho icyaha yakorewe n’uwakorewe icyaha, bituma ako kanya amukorera icyaha aregwa2. [17] Nk’uko byemejwe n’Urukiko rusesa imanza rw’igihugu cy’Ubufaransa (France)3 n’icy’Ububirigi (Belgique)4, ni ishingano y’uregwa uburanisha ubusembure ku buzamura no ku butangira ibimenyetso, umucamanza akaba afite ishingano yo kubusuzuma mu gihe abisabwa n’uregwa mu buryo bweruye kandi bwumvikana. [18] Nk’uko bigaragara mu nyandikomvugo ya Nsengimana Jean-Claude abazwa n’Ubugenzacyaha ku wa 4/5/2020, yasobanuye ko yari yiriwe asangira inzoga na Bihoyiki Epiphanie, batashye batahana icupa ry’inzoga ayimutwaje, bari mu nzira uwo mugore ahamagara mugenzi we witwa Nyirantegeye Séraphine amusomya kuri iyo nzoga asigazamo gakeya, biramubabaza (Nsengimana Jean-Claude), barabipfa, nibwo bahise bafatana, amutera imigeri mu kiziba cy’inda agwa hasi, amujya hejuru amutera ikofe ryo mu musaya atangira gusamba, abantu bahita baza baramufata bamujyana ku murenge, bateruye uwo mugore, ahita apfa. Yanavuze ko yamwishe abitewe n’izo nzoga yari yiriwe anywa ko nta kindi bapfaga, ko abisabira imbabazi. Yongeye kubazwa uwo munsi yavuze ko impamvu Bihoyiki Epiphanie yasanganywe ibikomere byinshi mu maso ari uko yamukubise ingumi nyinshi cyane, ko ndetse ibyavuzwe n’abaturage by’uko amaze kugwa hasi yamubyinagiye hejuru, ariko koko byagenze.

1 Reba urubanza n° RPAA 0038/14/CS rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 15/9/2017, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Sezikeye Emmanuel, igika cya 21. 2 La provocation en tant que cause d’excuse consiste en un fait qui suscite un sentiment de colère ou de crainte et qui porte une personne à commettre une infraction dans un mouvement de réaction spontanée’’, F. Tulkens, M. Van De Kerchove, Y. Cartuyvels et C. Guillain, Introduction au droit pénal. Aspects juridiques et criminologiques, Kluwer, 10e édition, 2014, P. 647, cité par Oliver Michiels et Elodie Jacques, Principes de droit pénal, notes sommaires et provisoires, 4e édition, année académique 2015-2016, P.156, in https://fr. wikipedia.org/wiki/principe de légalité. 3 ‘’ Que c’est au prévenu qui prétend en bénéficier à l’invoquer et à en administrer la preuve; que le juge ne peut être tenu de se prononcer sur son existence ou son absence qu’autant qu’il est mis en demeure de le faire par des conclusions dudit prévenu; qu’en l’espèce, il ne résulte pas des constatations de l’arrêt que Dame y… ait proposé en termes exprés et précis l’excuse de provocation’’, 8 février 1972, Cour de cassation, Pourvoi n° 71-91.102, Chambre criminelle. 4 ‘’Le juge apprécie en fait l’existence d’une provocation invoquée comme cause d’excuse, la Cour vérifiant si, des constatations, il a pu légalement déduire sa décision’’, Cass. 22/4/2015, RG P. 15.0118.F, Pas. 2015, n° 271.

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[19] Mu nyandiko-mvugo ye yo ku wa 7/5/2020, Nsengimana Jean-Claude yasobanuye ko umunsi yakoze icyaha aregwa, bari biriwe basangira inzoga na Bihoyiki Epiphanie ku kabari ka Harinditwari, bigeze mu ma saa mbiri z’ijoro yaka inzoga mu kabuni baramanuka barataha, bageze hafi yiwe, Bihoyiki Epiphanie ahamagara Nyirantegeye Séraphine amusomya kuri ya nzoga yari amutwaje, bageze imbere gato amubaza impamvu atanze inzoga atamumbwiye, kandi ari iyo bari bunywe, baratongana, Bihoyiki Epiphanie aramucira, nawe amukubita ikofi mu mutwe, yikubita hasi, amukubita irindi ari hasi, atangira no kumukubita imigeri mu ijosi, abantu baje basanga akimukubita, baramufata. [20] Mu nyandiko-mvugo y’iburanisha yo ku wa 14/5/2020 mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Huye, Nsengimana Jean-Claude yavuze ko yakoze icyaha aregwa nk’uko Ubushinjacyaha bwabisobanuye. [21] Nk’uko bigaragara mu mwanzuro we w’ubujurire wo ku wa 19/6/2020, Nsengimana Jean-Claude yasobanuye ko yaburanye mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Huye, asobanura ko yari yiriranywe na nyakwingedera banywa inzoga, barasinda, bataha nyakwigendera asomya kuri mugenzi we inzoga bari batahanye, amubaza impamvu ayimusomejeho, amucira mu maso, kubera ko bari basinze, ntiyihangana, ahita amukubita ingumi agwa hasi, bamujyanye kwa muganga apfira mu nzira. [22] Hashingiwe ku byagaragajwe haruguru, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga n’ubwo imirongo yaragajwe haruguru yumvikanisha ko uregwa agomba kuzamura mu buryo bweruye kandi bwumvikana impamvu nyoroshyacyaha y’ubusembure iteganywa n’itegeko, ariko muri uru rubanza harebwe ko uregwa ( ari umuturage) utazi uko bigenda mu mategeko, akaba yarasobanuye mu Bushinjacyaha no mu mwanzuro we mu Rukiko Rukuru ko yakubise Bihoyiki Epiphanie bitewe n’uko yari amuciriye mu maso no kuba yari yasinze, ibi bikaba bigaragaza ko yashatse gusobanura ko yakoze icyaha asembuwe, ndetse atari afite ubwenge bwe bwose kubera inzoga yari yanyoye, Urukiko rero rukaba rwari rukwiye gusuzuma agaciro k’ibyo yavugaga. [23] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga uretse kuvuga ko yasembuwe n’uwakorewe icyaha kuko yamuciriye mu maso, Nsengimana Jean-claude nta kimenyetso yigeze agaragaza kibishimangira koko, ibi rero birebewe hamwe n’umurongo Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwatanze ku bijyanye n’ubusembure, wagaragajwe haruguru, bikaba bigaragaza ko imiburanire ya Nsengimana Jean-Claude y’uko yasembuwe, avugako byashingirwaho nk’impamvu nyoroshyacyaha ituma urubanza yaciriwe ruhinduka agahanishwa igihano gito kucyo yari yahawe, nta shingiro ifite. [24] Kubera impamvu zose zasobanuwe haruguru, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga ubujurire bwa Nsengimana Jean-Claude nta shingiro bufite, bityo hakaba nta gihindutse ku mikirize y’urubanza ajuririra. II. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [25] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwatanzwe na Nsengimana Jean-Claude nta shingiro bufite. [26] Rwemeje ko nta gihindutse ku rubanza no RPA 00537/2020/HC/NYZ rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza ku wa 26/10/2023. [27] Rwemeje ko igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25) yakatiwe n’urwo Rukiko, kigumyeho. [28] Rutegetse ko amagarama y'urubanza aherera ku Isanduku ya Leta.