UBUSHINJACYAHA vs. MUNYANEZA N’UNDI

# UBUSHINJACYAHA vs. MUNYANEZA N’UNDI

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2024-11-22 - Case/document no.: RPAA 00545/2023/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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UBUSHINJACYAHA vs. MUNYANEZA N’UNDI [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RPAA 00545/2023/CA (Mukandamage, P.J.,) 22 Ugushyingo 2024] Amategeko agenga imanza z’inshinjabyaha – Icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana w’imyaka umunani (8) y’amavuko – Kugabanirizwa igihano – Mu rwego rw’ibirego nshinjabyaha, iyo abaregwa nta kindi banenga urubanza rwajuririwe uretse kuvuga gusa ko batagabanyirijwe bihagije, buri mucamanza ku rwego urwo arirwo rwose, yemerewe gutanga igihano mu bushishozi bwe kijyanye n’uburemere bw’icyaha ndetse n’ingaruka zacyo. Incamake y’ikibazo: Uwitwa Munyaneza Emmanuel yageze aho abana bakiniraga maze yirukana bamwe asigarana uwitwa U. J. w’imyaka umunani (8) y’amavuko aramusambanya, mu gihe we yari mukuru afite imyaka makumyabiri n’ine (24) y’amavuko, maze bahita bamufata bamushyikiriza Ubugenzacyaha. Iperereza rirangiye, Ubushinjacyaha bwatanze ikirego mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyagatare burega Munyaneza Emmanuel icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana, busaba ko ahamwa n’icyo cyaha, agahanishwa igifungo cya burundu. Uwamahoro Jacqueline, umubyeyi wa U. J., yuririye ku kirego cy’Ubushinjacyaha atanga ikirego cy’indishyi, asaba izingana na miliyoni cumi n’ebyiri z’amafaranga y’u Rwanda (12.000.000Frw) na miliyoni imwe y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda (1.000.000Frw) y’igihembo cya Avoka. Munyaneza yaburanye ahakana icyaha avuga ko abamushinja bamubeshyera kubera inzangano zishingiye ku mitungo, naho ku kirego cy’indishyi avuga ko ntazo yabona kubera ko ari umukene. Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyagatare rwasanze hari ibimenyetso bigaragaza ko Munyaneza yasambanyije umwana, birimo kuba yaremeye icyaha kuva agifatwa, ubuhamya bwa se w’umwana wahohotewe, ubwatanzwe na Nsabimana Elie uri mu bamufashe na raporo ya Muganga, ku bwibyo bimenyetso byose rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25), runamutegeka gutanga indishyi z’akababaro zingana na miliyoni eshatu n’ibihumbi magana atanu z’amafaranga y’u Rwanda (3.500.000Frw) harimo n’igihembo cya Avoka cy’ibihumbi magana atanu by’amafaranga y’u Rwanda (500.000 Frw). Munyaneza yajuririye Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana yemera icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana yahakanye ku rwego rwa mbere kandi acyicuza, asaba kugabanyirizwa igihano avuga ko afite uburwayi bw’amaso. Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha yavuze ko Munyaneza yemeye icyaha bitinze, bityo ko ukwemera kwe nta gaciro kwahabwa, naho ku burwayi bw’amaso afite, avuga ko buzitabwaho aho afungiye. Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana rwasanze ubujurire bwa Munyaneza Emmanuel nta shingiro bufite, kubera ko kwemera icyaha bwa mbere mu bujurire bitagirira akamaro uwajuriye, ariko rusanga ari ubwa mbere akurikiranwe mu nkiko mu buryo buzwi kandi yari asanzwe yitwara neza, rumugabanyiriza igihano, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’ibiri (12).

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Munyaneza Emmanuel yajuririye Urukiko rw’Ubujurire, avuga ko atagabanyirijwe igihano mu buryo buhagije, asaba ko cyakongera kugabanywa. Uhagarariye Ubushinajcyaha avuga ko igihano Munyaneza Emmanuel yahawe kidakwiriye kongera kugabanywa, kuko cyagabanyijwe ku buryo buhagije ku rwego rwa mbere, kandi ko impamvu atanga ari nazo zasuzumwe mu rubanza rujuririrwa, Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana ntirwaziha ishingiro, ariko rumugabanyiriza igihano rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15), bityo icyo gihano kikaba kidakwiye kongera kugabanywa. Incamake y’icyemezo: 1. Mu rwego rw’ibirego nshinjabyaha, iyo abaregwa nta kindi banenga urubanza rwajuririwe uretse kuvuga gusa ko batagabanyirijwe bihagije, buri mucamanza ku rwego urwo arirwo rwose, yemerewe gutanga igihano mu bushishozi bwe kijyanye n’uburemere bw’icyaha ndetse n’ingaruka zacyo. 2. Urukiko rwasanze Munyaneza Emmanuel yarakoze icyaha gikomeye cyo gusambanya umwana utarageza ku myaka cumi n’ine (14) y’amavuko kuko yari afite imyaka umunani (8) y’amavuko, icyo cyaha kikaba cyarateganyirijwe igihano kiruta ibindi cy’igifungo cya burundu, mu gihe we yari mukuru afite imyaka makumyabiri n’ine (24) y’amavuko, maze ahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’ibiri (12), icyo gihano rero kikaba kitakongera kugabanywa kuko cyagabanyijwe mu buryo buhagije harebwe uburemere bw’icyaha yakoze.

Ubujurire nta shingiro bufite.

Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ingingo ya 49. Imanza zifashishijwe: rubanza RPA 00060/2021/CA rw’ Ubushinjacyaha, Nsabimana Callixte alias Sankara na bagenzi be, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 04/04/2022; Urubanza RPAA 00521/2023/CA, rw’Ubushinjacyaha na Hakizimana Patrick, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 27/09/2024

Urubanza

I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA

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[1] Ku wa 20/11/2018, Munyaneza Emmanuel yageze aho abana bakiniraga yirukana bamwe asigarana uwitwa U. J. w’imyaka umunani (8) y’amavuko aramusambanya, abamubonye bahita bamufata bamushyikiriza Ubugenzacyaha. [2] Iperereza rirangiye, Ubushinjacyaha bwatanze ikirego mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyagatare burega Munyaneza Emmanuel icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana, busaba ko ahamwa n’icyo cyaha, agahanishwa igifungo cya burundu giteganywa n’ingingo ya 133 y’Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange. [3] Uwamahoro Jacqueline, umubyeyi wa U. J., yuririye ku kirego cy’Ubushinjacyaha atanga ikirego cy’indishyi, asaba izingana na miliyoni cumi n’ebyiri z’amafaranga y’u Rwanda (12.000.000 Frw) na miliyoni imwe y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda (1.000.000Frw) y’igihembo cya Avoka. [4] Munyaneza Emmanuel yaburanye ahakana icyaha avuga ko abamushinja bamubeshyera kubera inzangano zishingiye ku mitungo, naho ku kirego cy’indishyi avuga ko ntazo yabona kubera ko ari umukene. [5] Mu rubanza RP 00071/2019/TGI/NYG rwaciwe ku wa 06/11/2020, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyagatare rwasanze hari ibimenyetso bigaragaza ko Munyaneza Emmanuel yasambanyije umwana, birimo kuba yaremeye icyaha kuva agifatwa, ubuhamya bwa se w’umwana wahohotewe, ubwatanzwe na Nsabimana Elie uri mu bamufashe na raporo ya Muganga, hanyuma rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25), runamutegeka gutanga indishyi z’akababaro zingana na miliyoni eshatu n’ibihumbi magana atanu z’amafaranga y’u Rwanda (3.500.000Frw) harimo n’igihembo cya Avoka cy’ibihumbi magana atanu by’amafaranga y’u Rwanda (500.000 Frw). [6] Munyaneza Emmanuel yajuririye Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana yemera icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana yahakanye ku rwego rwa mbere kandi acyicuza, asaba kugabanyirizwa igihano kubera uburwayi bw’amaso. Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha yavuze ko Munyaneza Emmanuel yemeye icyaha bitinze, ko ukwemera kwe nta gaciro kwahabwa, naho ku burwayi afite, avuga ko buzitabwaho aho afungiye. [7] Mu rubanza RPA 00797/2020/HC/RWG rwaciwe ku wa 28/08/2023, Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana rwasanze ubujurire bwa Munyaneza Emmanuel nta shingiro bufite, kubera ko kwemera icyaha bwa mbere mu bujurire bitagirira akamaro uwajuriye, ariko rusanga ari ubwa mbere akurikiranwe mu nkiko mu buryo buzwi kandi yari asanzwe yitwara neza, rumugabanyiriza igihano, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’ibiri (12)1. [8] Munyaneza Emmanuel yajuririye Urukiko rw’Ubujurire, urubanza ruhabwa RPAA 00454/2023/CA, ruburanishwa mu ruhame ku wa 06/09/2024, Munyaneza Emmanuel yunganiwe na Me Rugeyo Jean, naho Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na Butera Oscar, Umushinjacyaha ku

1 Bigaragara ko habaye ikosa mu myandikire y’igihano mu cyemezo cy’urukiko, kubera ko mu isesengura ry’urubanza handitse ko Munyaneza Emmanuel ahanishijwe igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’ibiri (12), ariko mu cyemezo handitse imyaka cumi n’Itanu (15) mu magambo, mu mibare handitse cumi n’ibiri (12).

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rwego rw’Igihugu. Kuri uwo munsi iburanisha ryimuriwe ku wa 06/11/2024, kugirango Ubwanditsi bw’Urukiko buhamagare mu rubanza Uwamahoro Jacqueline waregeye indishyi. [9] Mu iburanisha ryo ku wa 06/11/2024, Munyaneza Emmanuel yitabye yunganiwe na Me Rugeyo Jean, naho Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na Rudatinya Nyangezi Gaspard, Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’Igihugu, naho Uwamahoro Jacqueline waregeye indishyi atitabye, ariko bigaragara ko yahamagawe mu buryo bukurikije amategeko, urubanza ruburanishwa adahari. [10] Mu myanzuro no mu miburanire, Munyaneza Emmanuel avuga ko atagabanyirijwe igihano mu buryo buhagije, agasaba ko cyakongera kugabanywa. Uhagarariye Ubushinajcyaha avuga ko igihano Munyaneza Emmanuel yahawe kidakwiriye kongera kugabanywa, kuko cyagabanyijwe ku buryo buhagije ku rwego rwa mbere. [11] Ikibazo kigomba gusuzumwa ni icyo kumenya niba igihano Munyaneza Emmanuel yahawe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana cyakongera kugabanywa.

II. ISESENGURA RY’IKIBAZO KIGIZE URUBANZA

Kumenya niba igihano Munyaneza Emmanuel yahawe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana cyakongera kugabanywa [12] Munyaneza Emmanuel n’umwunganira bavuga ko mu Rukiko Rukuru/urugereko rwa Rwamagana yemeye icyaha asaba imbabazi, ko ari ubwa mbere akurikiranwe mu butabera kandi yahuye n’uburwayi bw’amaso arahuma, bagasaba ko, hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 49 y’Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 rigena ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, yakongera kugabanyirizwa igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) yahawe. [13] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko ubujurire bwatanzwe na Munyaneza Emmanuel nta shingiro bufite, kubera ko impamvu atanga ari nazo zasuzumwe mu rubanza rujuririrwa, Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana ntirwaziha ishingiro, ariko rumugabanyiriza igihano rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15), icyo gihano kikaba kidakwiye kongera kugabanywa. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [14] Kubijyanye no kugabanyirizwa igihano mu gihe ariyo mpamvu y’ubujurire yonyine, byatanzweho umurongo mu rubanza RPA 00060/2021/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 04/04/2022 haburana Ubushinjacyaha, Nsabimana Callixte alias Sankara na bagenzi be, uwo murongo ukaba uvuga ko mu rwego rw’ibirego nshinjabyaha, iyo abaregwa nta kindi banenga urubanza rwajuririwe, uretse kuvuga gusa ko batagabanyirijwe bihagije, buri mucamanza ku rwego urwo arirwo rwose, yemerewe gutanga igihano mu bushishozi bwe kijyanye n’uburemere bw’icyaha ndetse n’ingaruka zacyo hakurikijwe ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 49 y’Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ariko ko mu bujurire, Umucamanza agomba kuzirikana ko yemerewe gusa guhindura igihano cyatanzwe n’Umucamanza wo mu rukiko rubanza, ari uko amaze kugaragaza ko urwo rukiko rwaba

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rwarakoresheje nabi itegeko cyangwa ubushishozi bwarwo mu gutanga icyo gihano. Uyu murongo wakurikijwe mu manza zitandukanye zakurikiyeho zaciwe n’uru Rukiko, harimo n’urubanza RPAA 00521/2023/CA, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 27/09/2024 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Hakizimana Patrick. [15] Mu bika bikurikira harasuzumwa niba mu guhanisha Munyaneza Emmanuel igihano cy’imyaka cumi n’ibiri (12) ku cyaha cyo gusambanya umwana w’imyaka umunani (8) y’amavuko, Urukiko rwabanje rwaba rwarakoreshejwe nabi itegeko cyangwa ubushishozi bwarwo ku buryo icyo gihano cyagabanywa. [16] Nk’uko bigaragara mu manza zabanje, ku rwego rwa mbere Munyaneza Emmanuel yaburanye ahakana icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana w’imyaka umunani (8) y’amavuko, ariko Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyagatare rushingiye ku bimenyetso rwashyikirijwe n’Ubushinjacyaha rumuhamya icyaha, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25) n’ihazabu ya miliyoni eshatu n’ibihumbi magana atanu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda (3.500.000 Frw). Mu bujurire Munyaneza Emmanuel yemeye icyaha aregwa, asaba ko yagabanyirizwa igihano kuko yagize ubumuga bwo kutabona ageze mu igororero, Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana rwasanze kwemera icyaha mu bujurire kutahabwa ishingiro nk’impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, ariko mu rwego rwo gutanga igihano gihwanye n’uburemere bw’icyaha, rushingiye ku mpamvu y’uko Munyaneza Emmanuel yakoze icyaha aribwo ari kuva mu bwana, rwamugabanyirije igihano, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’ibiri (12). [17] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga, Munyaneza Emmanuel yarakoze icyaha gikomeye cyo gusambanya umwana utarageza ku myaka cumi n’ine (14) y’amavuko kuko yari afite imyaka umunani (8) y’amavuko, icyo cyaha kikaba cyarateganyirijwe igihano kiruta ibindi cy’igifungo cya burundu, mu gihe we yari mukuru afite imyaka makumyabiri n’ine (24) y’amavuko, ahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’ibiri (12), icyo gihano rero kikaba kitakongera kugabanywa kuko cyagabanyijwe mu buryo buhagije harebwe uburemere bw’icyaha yakoze. [18] Urukiko rw'Ubujurire rurasanga rero ubujurire bwa Munyaneza Emmanuel nta shingiro bufite, bityo urubanza yajuririye rukaba rugomba kugumana agaciro ku birebana n’icyaha yahamijwe, igihano yahawe n’indishyi zingana na miliyoni eshatu n’ibihumbi magana atanu z’amafaranga y’u Rwamda (3.500.000Frw), harimo ibihumbi magana atanu (500.000Frw) y’Igihembo cy’Avoka yategetswe guha Uwamahoro Jacqueline ku rwego rwa mbere zitajuririwe. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [19] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwatanzwe na Munyaneza Emmanuel nta shingiro bufite; [20] Rwemeje ko urubanza RPA 00797/2020/HC/RWG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana ku wa 28/02/2023 rugumanye agaciro mu ngingo zarwo zose; [21] Rutegetse ko igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’ibiri (12) Munyaneza Emmanuel yahawe ku cyaha cyo gusambanya umwana w’imyaka umunani (8) y’amavuko kigumyeho ; [22] Rutegetse Munyaneza Emmanuel kwishyura Uwamahoro Jacqueline indishyi zingana na miliyoni eshatu n’ibihumbi magana atanu y’amafaranga y’u Rwamda (3.500.000Frw), harimo

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ibihumbi magana atanu (500.000frw) y’Igihembo cy’Avoka zategetswe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyagatare, kandi zitahindutse mu bujurire bwa mbere ; [23] Ruvuze ko amagarama y’urubanza aherereye ku Isanduku ya Leta, kuko Munyaneza Emmanuel yajuriye afunze, akaba asonewe kuyatanga.