UBUSHINJACYAHA vs. MWUMVANEZA

# UBUSHINJACYAHA vs. MWUMVANEZA

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2024-11-22 - Case/document no.: RPAA 00404/2024/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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UBUSHINJACYAHA vs. MWUMVANEZA [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RPAA 00404/2024/CA (Mukandamage, P.J.,) 22 Gashyantare 2024] Amategeko agenga imanza nshinjabyaha – Icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana ufite imyaka cumi n’irindwi (17) y’amavuko – Kugabanya ibihano – Mu rwego rw’ibirego nshinjabyaha, iyo abaregwa nta kindi banenga urubanza rwajuririwe, uretse kuvuga gusa ko batagabanyirijwe bihagije, buri mucamanza ku rwego urwo arirwo rwose, yemerewe gutanga igihano mu bushishozi bwe kijyanye n’uburemere bw’icyaha ndetse n’ingaruka zacyo. Incamake y’ikibazo: Mwumvaneza Augustin yasambanyije umwana witwa U. N w’imyaka cumi n’irindiwi (17) y’amavuko babana nk’umugabo n’umugore, mu gihe we afite imyaka mirongo ine n’umunani (48) y’amavuko, bombi bivugwa ko babana n’ubwandu bw’agakoko gatera Sida. Mwumvaneza Augustin na Ndererimana Faustin bashyikirijwe Ubugenzacyaha batangira gukurikiranwa. Iperereza rirangiye, Ubushinjacyaha bwareze Mwumvaneza Augustin na Ndererimana Faustin mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Ngoma bubakurikiranyeho icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana bigakurikirwa no kubana nawe nk’umugabo n’umugore n’ubwinjiracyaha ku cyaha cyo kwanduza undi indwara idakira. Mwumvaneza yireguye avuga ko yakoranye imibonano mpuzabitsina na U. N. azi ko ari mukuru, amusaba ko babana hanyuma aza kubimwemerera. Ndererimana Faustin nawe yireguye avuga ko nta ruhare yagize mu kubana k’umwana U.N. na Mwumvaneza Augustin, asaba kurenganurwa akagirwa umwere. Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Ngoma rwasanze hari ibimenyetso bigaragaza ko Mwumvaneza Augustin na Ndererimana Faustin bakoze ibyaha baregwa, birimo icyemezo cy’amavuko kigaragaza ko umwana yasambanyijwe akagirwa umugore afite imyaka cumi n’irindwi (17) y’amavuko, raporo ya Muganga na raporo y’inzego z’ibanze igaragaza ko Mwumvaneza Augustin yasambanyije uwo mwana azi neza ko abana n’ubwandu bw’agakoko gatera SIDA, maze ruhanisha buri wese igifungo cya burundu. Mwumvaneza Augustin na Ndererimana Faustin bajuririye Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana, Mwumvaneza Augustin avuga ko yemera icyaha, asaba imbabazi no kugabanyirizwa igihano, Ndererimana Faustin avuga ko yahamijwe icyaha atazi uko cyakozwe kandi hari uwagikoze ucyemera. Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha yavuze ko kuba Mwumvaneza Augustin yemera icyaha yagabanyirizwa igihano, agahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15), naho kuri Ndererimana Faustin avuga ko yabaye icyitso mu ikorwa ry’icyaha, ariko ko atahanwa kimwe na Mwumvaneza Augustin, kandi ko nawe yagabanyirizwa igihano. Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana rwasanze kuba Mwumvaneza Augustin yemera ibyaha aregwa byamubera impamvu yatuma agabanyirizwa igihano, maze rumuhamya icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana bakabana nk’umugabo n’umugore n’icyo kumwanduza indwara idakira, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15), rusanga kandi, hashingiwe ku mvugo

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z’umwana wahohotewe, Ndererimana Faustin yarabaye icyitso muri ibyo byaha byakozwe na Mwumvaneza Augustin, rumugabanyiriza igihano, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka icumi (10). Mwumvaneza avuga kandi ko umwana ashinjwa gusambanya ari we waje amusanga, amubwira ko yatandukanye n’umugabo babyaranye abana babiri (2), amusaba ko babana, amubwiye ko afite ubwandu bw’agakoko gatera Sida, nawe amubwira ko abana nabwo. Mwumvaneza n’umwunganira bavuga ko mu kugabanya igihano yahawe cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15), hashingirwa ku ngingo ya 49 y’Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, no ku rubanza RPAA 000124/2022/CA rwaciwe ku wa 28/02/2024 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Havugimana Djumaïne warezwe icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana w’imyaka cumu n’itanu (15) y’amavuko, maze Urukiko, rushingiye ku mpamvu y’uko yemeye icyaha no kuba ari ubwa mbere akurikiranwe mu nkiko mu buryo buzwi, rumugabanyiriza igihano, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka icumi (10), bagasaba ko nawe aricyo gihano yahabwa. Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko ibyo Mwumvaneza Augustin asaba ko yagabanyirizwa igihano yabihawe n’Urukiko Rukuru, rumuha igihano cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15), akaba aricyo gito riteganya ku byaha yakoze, kikaba rero kitakongera kugabanywa. Kubirebana n’urubanza Mwumvaneza Augustin asaba ko rwashingirwaho agabanyirizwa igihano, Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko itegeko riri hejuru y’urwo rubanza, ko kandi rutasimbura itegeko, cyane cyane ko ryasohotse nyuma y’uko urwo rubanza ruciwe, akaba ariryo rigomba gukurikizwa Incamake y’icyemezo:1. Mu rwego rw’ibirego nshinjabyaha, iyo abaregwa nta kindi banenga urubanza rwajuririwe, uretse kuvuga gusa ko batagabanyirijwe bihagije, buri mucamanza ku rwego urwo arirwo rwose, yemerewe gutanga igihano mu bushishozi bwe kijyanye n’uburemere bw’icyaha ndetse n’ingaruka zacyo. 2. Urukiko rwasanze Mwumvaneza Augustin yarakoze icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana w’imyaka cumi n’irindwi (17) y’amavuko, we afite imyaka mirongo ine n’umunani (48) y’amavuko, abana nawe nk’umugabo n’umugore, kandi abana n’ubwandu bw’agakoko gatera SIDA, bityo igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) yahawe nicyo kigomba kugumaho kuko gihwanye n’uburemere bw’icyaha yakoze cyo gusambanya umwana aruta cyane harebwe intera y’imyaka iri hagati yabo bombi.

Ubujurire nta shingiro. Amategeko yshingiweho: Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ingingo ya 49. Imanza zifashishijwe:

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Urubanza RPAA 00232/2023/CA rw’ Ubushinjacyaha na Ndamage Thierry rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 20/09/2024; Urubanza RPA 00060/2021/CA rw’ Ubushinjacyaha na Nsabimana Callixte alias Sankara na bagenzi be, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 04/04/2022. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Mwumvaneza Augustin yasambanyije umwana witwa U. N w’imyaka cumi n’irindiwi (17) y’amavuko babana nk’umugabo n’umugore, amurangiwe na Ndererimana Faustin, bombi bivugwa ko babana n’ubwandu bw’agakoko gatera SIDA, umubyeyi w’uyu mwana Muhayimana Augustin akaba yari yaramubuze ku wa 24/12/2019. Mwumvaneza Augustin na Ndererimana Faustin bashyikirijwe Ubugenzacyaha batangira gukurikiranwa. [2] Iperereza rirangiye, Ubushinjacyaha bwareze Mwumvaneza Augustin na Ndererimana Faustin mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Ngoma bubakurikiranyeho icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana bigakurikirwa no kubana nawe nk’umugabo n’umugore n’ubwinjiracyaha ku cyaha cyo kwanduza undi indwara idakira, busaba ko bahamwa n’ibyo byaha, bagahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25) n’ihazabu ya miliyoni imwe y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda (1.000.000 Frw), biteganywa n’ingingo ya 133 n’iya 117 z’Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange. [3] Mwumvaneza Augustin yireguye avuga ko yakoranye imibonano mpuzabitsina na U. N. azi ko ari mukuru, amusaba ko babana hanyuma aza kubimwemerera. [4] Ndererimana Faustin yireguye avuga ko nta ruhare yagize mu kubana k’umwana U.N. na Mwumvaneza Augustin, asaba kurenganurwa akagirwa umwere. [5] Mu rubanza RP 00101/2020/TGI/NGOMA rwaciwe ku wa 27/09/2021, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Ngoma rwasanze hari ibimenyetso bigaragaza ko Mwumvaneza Augustin na Ndererimana Faustin bakoze ibyaha baregwa, birimo imvugo za Mwumvaneza Augustin aho yemera ko yabanye na U. N. nk’umugabo n’umugore Ndererimana Faustin abigizemo uruhare, icyemezo cy’amavuko kigaragaza ko umwana yasambanyijwe akagirwa umugore afite imyaka cumi n’irindwi (17) y’amavuko, raporo ya Muganga na raporo y’inzego z’ibanze igaragaza ko Mwumvaneza Augustin yasambanyije uwo mwana azi neza ko abana n’ubwandu bw’agakoko gatera SIDA, maze ruhanisha buri wese igifungo cya burundu. [6] Mwumvaneza Augustin na Ndererimana Faustin bajuririye Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana, Mwumvaneza Augustin avuga ko yemera icyaha, asaba imbabazi no kugabanyirizwa igihano, Ndererimana Faustin avuga ko yahamijwe icyaha atazi uko cyakozwe kandi hari uwagikoze ucyemera. Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha yavuze ko kuba Mwumvaneza Augustin yemera icyaha yagabanyirizwa igihano, agahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15), naho kuri Ndererimana Faustin avuga ko yabaye icyitso mu ikorwa ry’icyaha, ariko ko atahanwa kimwe na Mwumvaneza Augustin, kandi ko nawe yagabanyirizwa igihano. [7] Mu rubanza RPA 01372/2021/HC/RWG rwaciwe ku wa 20/05/2024, Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana rwasanze kuba Mwumvaneza Augustin yemera ibyaha aregwa byamubera impamvu yatuma agabanyirizwa igihano, maze rumuhamya icyaha cyo gusambanya

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umwana bakabana nk’umugabo n’umugore n’icyo kumwanduza indwara idakira, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15), rusanga kandi, hashingiwe ku mvugo z’umwana wahohotewe, Ndererimana Faustin yarabaye icyitso muri ibyo byaha byakozwe na Mwumvaneza Augustin, rumugabanyiriza igihano, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka icumi (10). [8] Mwumvaneza Augustin yajuririye Urukiko rw’Ubujurire, urubanza ruhabwa RPAA 00404/2024/CA, ruburanishwa mu ruhame ku wa 06/11/2024, Mwumvaneza Augustin yunganiwe na Me Rugeyo Jean, naho Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na Rudatinya Nyangezi Gaspard, Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’Igihugu. [9] Mu myanzuro no mu miburanire, Mwumvaneza Augustin avuga ko Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana rutamugabanyirije igihano ku buryo buhagije, agasaba ko cyakongera kugabanywa. Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko igihano Mwumvaneza Augustin yahawe kitakongera kugabanywa. [10] Ikibazo kigomba gusuzumwa muri uru rubanza ni icyo kumenya niba igihano Mwumvaneza Augustin yahawe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana cyakongera kugabanywa. II. ISESENGURA RY’IKIBAZO KIGIZE URUBANZA

Kumenya niba igihano Mwumvaneza Augustin yahawe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana cyakongera kugabanywa [11] Mwumvaneza Augustin n’umwunganira bavuga ko Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana rwirengagije impamvu nyoroshyacyaha zagombaga gutuma agabanyirizwa igihano, zirimo kuba yaraburanye yemera icyaha, kuba ari ubwa mbere agikoze, no kuba nta raporo yigeze imutangirwa igaragaza ko asanzwe afite imyitwarire itari myiza. Mwumvaneza Augustin avuga kandi ko umwana ashinjwa gusambanya ari we waje amusanga, amubwira ko yatandukanye n’umugabo babyaranye abana babiri (2), amusaba ko babana, amubwiye ko afite ubwandu bw’agakoko gatera SIDA, nawe amubwira ko abana nabwo. [12] Mwumvaneza Augustin n’umwunganira bavuga ko mu kugabanya igihano yahawe cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15), hashingirwa ku ngingo ya 49 y’Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, no ku rubanza RPAA 000124/2022/CA rwaciwe ku wa 28/02/2024 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Havugimana Djumaïne warezwe icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana w’imyaka cumu n’itanu (15) y’amavuko, maze Urukiko, rushingiye ku mpamvu y’uko yemeye icyaha no kuba ari ubwa mbere akurikiranwe mu nkiko mu buryo buzwi, rumugabanyiriza igihano, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka icumi (10), bagasaba ko nawe aricyo gihano yahabwa. [13] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko ibyo Mwumvaneza Augustin asaba ko yagabanyirizwa igihano yabihawe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana, kuko rwakurikije ibiteganywa n’itegeko, rumuha igihano cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15), akaba aricyo gito riteganya ku byaha yakoze, kikaba rero kitakongera kugabanywa.

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[14] Kubirebana n’urubanza RPAA 000124/2022/CA rwavuzwe haruguru Mwumvaneza Augustin asaba ko rwashingirwaho agabanyirizwa igihano, Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko itegeko riri hejuru y’urwo rubanza, ko kandi rutasimbura itegeko, cyane cyane ko ryasohotse nyuma y’uko urwo rubanza ruciwe, akaba ariryo rigomba gukurikizwa11. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [15] Ku bijyanye no kugabanyirizwa igihano mu gihe ariyo mpamvu y’ubujurire yonyine, byatanzweho umurongo mu rubanza RPA 00060/2021/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 04/04/2022 haburana Ubushinjacyaha, Nsabimana Callixte alias Sankara na bagenzi be, uwo murongo ukaba uvuga ko mu rwego rw’ibirego nshinjabyaha, iyo abaregwa nta kindi banenga urubanza rwajuririwe, uretse kuvuga gusa ko batagabanyirijwe bihagije, buri mucamanza ku rwego urwo arirwo rwose, yemerewe gutanga igihano mu bushishozi bwe kijyanye n’uburemere bw’icyaha ndetse n’ingaruka zacyo hakurikijwe ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 49 y’Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ariko ko mu bujurire, Umucamanza agomba kuzirikana ko yemerewe gusa guhindura igihano cyatanzwe n’Umucamanza wo mu rukiko rubanza, ari uko amaze kugaragaza ko urwo rukiko rwaba rwarakoresheje nabi itegeko cyangwa ubushishozi bwarwo mu gutanga icyo gihano. Uyu murongo wakurikijwe mu manza zitandukanye zakurikiyeho zaciwe n’uru Rukiko, harimo n’urubanza RPAA 00232/2023/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 20/09/2024 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Ndamage Thierry. [16] Mu bika bikurikira harasuzumwa niba mu guhanisha Mwumvaneza Augustin igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) ku cyaha cyo gusambanya umwana w’imyaka cumi n’irindwi (17) y’amavuko, bakabana nk’umugabo n’umugore, urukiko rwabanje rwaba rwarakoresheje nabi itegeko cyangwa ubushishozi bwarwo ku buryo icyo gihano cyagabanywa. [17] Nk’uko bigaragara mu rubanza RPA 01372/2021/HC/RWG rwaciwe ku wa 20/05/2024, Mwumvaneza Augustin yajuriye asaba kugabanyirizwa igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu yari yahawe ku rwego rwa mbere, Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana, rushingiye ku ngingo ya 2 y’Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura ingingo ya 60 y’Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange2 rwasanze yaraburanye yemera icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana, maze rumugabanyiriza igihano, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) kivuye ku gifungo cya burundu yari yahawe ku rwego rwa mbere. [18] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga, Mwumvaneza Augustin yarakoze icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana w’imyaka cumi n’irindwi (17) y’amavuko, we afite imyaka mirongo ine n’umunani (48) y’amavuko, abana nawe nk’umugabo n’umugore, kandi abana n’ubwandu bw’agakoko gatera SIDA, bityo igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) yahawe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana kikaba kigomba kugumaho, kuko urwo rukiko

1 Habaye kwibeshya, kuko Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 niryo ryasohotse mbere y’icibwa ry’urwo rubanza.

2 Iyo ngingo iteganya ibikurikira: “Iyo umucamanza yemeje impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, ashobora kugabanya igihano ku buryo bukurikira: (a) igifungo cya burundu gishobora kugabanywa ariko ntikijye munsi y’igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 15 (…).”

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rwahaye agaciro impamvu nyoroshyacyaha atanga rumugabanyiriza igihano mu buryo bukurikije amategeko, kandi icyo gihano gihwanye n’uburemere bw’icyaha yakoze cyo gusambanya umwana aruta cyane harebwe intera y’imyaka iri hagati yabo bombi. [19] Ku birebana n’urubanza RPAA 00124/2022/CA rwaciwe ku wa 28/02/2024 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Havugimana Djumaïne, uwunganira Mwumvaneza Augustin asaba ko rwashingirwaho mu kumugabanyiriza igihano, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga rutashingirwaho, kubera ko Havugimana Djumaïne yarezwe gusa icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana, ariko Mwumvaneza Augustin yarezwe icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana hiyongeraho kubabana nawe nk’umugabo n’umugore n’ubwinjiracyaha mu cyaha cyo kwanduza undi indwara idakira, ibyo byaha bikaba bihanwa ku buryo butandukanye hashingiwe ku biteganywa n’ingingo ya 2 n’iya 14 z’Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 ryavuzwe haruguru3.

[20] Hashingiwe ku ngingo z’amategeko, urubanza rwatanze umurongo no ku bisobanuro byatanzwe haruguru, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga ubujurire bwa Mwumvaneza Augustin bugamije kugabanyisha igihano yahawe n’Urukiko Rukuru/urugereko rwa Rwamagana nta shingiro bufite, urubanza yajuririye rukaba rugomba kugumana agaciro mu ngingo zarwo zose. 4 III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [21] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwatanzwe na Mwumvaneza Augustin nta shingiro bufite; [22] Rwemeje ko urubanza RPA 01372/2021/HC/RWG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana ku wa 20/05/2024 rugumanye agaciro mu ngingo zarwo zose; [23] Rwemeje ko igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) Mwumvaneza Augustin yahawe ku cyaha cyo gusambanya umwana w’imyaka cumi n’irindwi (17) y’amavuko bakana nk’umugabo n’umugore n’ubwinjiracyaha mu cyaha cyo kwanduza undi indwara idakira kigumyeho; [24] Ruvuze ko amagarama y’urubanza aherereye ku Isanduku ya Leta, kuko Mwumvaneza Augustin yajuriye afunze, akaba asonewe kuyatanga.

3 Iyo ngingo iteganya ibikurikira: “Umuntu ukorera ku mwana kimwe mu bikorwa bishingiye ku gitsina bikurikira, aba akoze icyaha: (a) gushyira igitsina cy’umuntu mu gitsina, mu kibuno cyangwa mu kanwa by’umwana; (b) gushyira urugingo urwo ari rwo rwose rw’umubiri w’umuntu mu gitsina cyangwa mu kibuno cy’umwana; (c) gukora ikindi gikorwa cyose ku mubiri w’umwana hagamijwe ishimishamubiri.

4 Umuntu uhamijwe n’urukiko gukora kimwe mu bikorwa bivugwa mu gika cya (1) cy’iyi ngingo ahanishwa igifungo kitari munsi y’imyaka 20 ariko kitarenze imyaka 25. (…)

Iyo umuntu mukuru asambanyije umwana bigakurikirwa no kumugira umugabo cyangwa umugore, igihano kiba igifungo cya burundu. (…)”