UBUSHINJACYAHA v. NSHOGOZA

# UBUSHINJACYAHA v. NSHOGOZA

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2024-11-22 - Case/document no.: RPAA00536/2023/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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UBUSHINJACYAHA v. NSHOGOZA [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RPAA00536/2023/CA (Kanyange, J. P.) 22 Ugushyingo 2024] Amategeko agenga ibimenyetso n’itangwa ryabyo – Imanza nshinjabyaha – Ibimenyetso mu manza nshinjabyaha– Iyo ibimenyetso bitagaragaza mu buryo budashidikanywaho ko uregwa yakoze icyaha ashinjwa, urukiko rwemeza ko ari umwere. Incamke y’ikibazo: Nshogoza n’abandi bagabo barezwe n’Ubushinjacyaha mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo nyuma y’uko bukoze iperereza bukabashinja icyaha cyo gukoresha undi imibonano mpuzabitsina ku gahato, bakoreye umwana w’umukobwa ubana n’ubumuga bwo mu mutwe witwa Uwase. Ubushinjacyaha bubashinja bushingiye ku byo nyina w’uwo mukobwa avuga ko yashatse umwana we akamubura, akaza guhura n’uwitwa Ayinkamiye akamubwira ko abonye abagabo bari kumusambanyiriza mu gashyamba barimo Nshogoza. Nshigoza n’abo bagabo bandi baburanye bose bahakana icyaha cyane cyane uyu Nshogoza avuga ko atigeze abona uwo mukobwa, ko ahubwo yaje guhura na nyina witwa Yankurije akamubaza niba yamubonye akamusubiza ko ntawe bahuye. Ariko mbere yaho yari yabanje guhura n’Ayinkamiye ari kwirukankana uwitwa Nshimiyimana, ndetse baza no kurwana, afatanyije n’uwitwa Ndikumana barabakiza maze buri wese arataha. Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwaciye urubanza rwemeza ko Nshogoza n’abo baregwa hamwe bahamwa n’icyaha cyo gukoresha undi imibonano mpuzabitsina ku gahato, rubahanisha igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu ya 1.000.000Frw. Iki cyemezo, Nshogoza yakijuririye mu Rukiko Rukuru avuga ko Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwamuhamije icyaha rushingiye ku buhamya bwa Ayinkamiye nyamara yaravuze ibyo adahagazeho, ko rutagombaga gushingira kuri raporo ya muganga mu gihe itagaragaza ko ari we wasambanyije uwo mukobwa ndetse ntirwari gushingira ku mvugo z’abo bareganwa kuko ntaho bigeze bamushinja. Ubushinjacyaha bwasubije ko izo mpamvu z’Uregwa nta shingiro zifite, kuko Urukiko rwamuhamije icyaha rushingiye ku bimenyetso byemewe n’amategeko, ko ahubwo atabashije kubivuguruza. Urukiko Rukuru rwaciye urubanza rwemeza ko impamvu z’ubujurire bw’Uregwa nta shingiro zifite, ko hagumyeho igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu ya 1.000.000Frw yahanishijwe ku rwego rwa mbere. Uregwa yajuririye bwa kabiri muri uru Rukiko rw’Ubujurire avuga ko Urukiko rwamuhamije icyaha rushingiye ku bimenyetso bishidikanywaho bigizwe n’Ubuhamya bwa Ayinkamiye hamwe na raporo ya muganga, ko kandi yasabye ko hakorwa DNA ariko ntiyakorwa kandi ariyo yari kugaragaza uwasambanyije Uwase. Mu myanzuro ya mbere, Ubushinjacyaha bwavugaga ko izo mpamvu nta shingiro zigomba guhabwa kuko zidashidikanywaho, ariko nyuma yo gusabwa raporo ya DNA igaragara neza (isomeka neza) bwavuze ko butagishingiye ku miburanire ya mbere kuko busanga hari ugushidikanya ku kuba Uwase yarakoreshejwe imibonano mpuzabitsina ku gahato. Incamake y’icyemezo: Iyo ibimenyetso bitagaragaza mu buryo budashidikanywaho ko uregwa yakoze icyaha ashinjwa, urukiko rwemeza ko ari umwere. Ubujurire bufite ishingiro. Imikirize y’urubanza rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, ihindutse. Amagarama aherera ku isanduku ya Leta. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko Nº 027/2019 ryo ku wa 19/09/2019 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha, ingingo ya 111.

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Imanza zifashishijwe: RPA0084/10/CS, Ubushinjacyaha v. Gatera rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 09/05/2014. RPAA00523/2023/CA, Ubushinjacyaha v. Ndangurura Isaac rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 24/09/2024. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Nshogoza Emmanuel, Nshimiyimana Jean Pierre, Ndikumana Jean Claude na Nteziryimana Jean de Dieu bakurikiranweho icyaha cyo gukoresha imibonano mpuzabitsina ku gahato umukobwa ubana n’ubumuga bwo mu mutwe witwa Uwase Joselyne, Ubushinjacyaha bukavuga ko bagikoze ku wa 07/08/2021 bikamenyekana ubwo nyina w’uwo mukobwa yamuburaga akajya kumushaka agahura n’uwitwa Ayinkamiye Adjara akamubwira ko abonye abagabo bari kumusambanyiriza mu gashyamba barimo Nshogoza Emmanuel. [2] Hakozwe iperereza, rirangiye Ubushinjacyaha bubarega mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo icyaha cyo gukoresha undi imibonano mpuzabitsina ku gahato bushingiye ku bimenyetso birimo imvugo za nyina wa Uwase Joselyne, ubuhamya bwa Ayinkamiye Adjara na raporo ya muganga, busaba ko bahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n'itanu (15) n'ihazabu ya miliyoni imwe (1.000.000Frw). [3] Abaregwa bose baburanye bahakana icyaha, by’umwihariko Nshogoza Emmanuel aburana avuga ko atigeze abona uwo mukobwa, ko yatashye hagati ya saa mbiri na saa mbiri n’igice (z’ijoro) agera aho bivugwa ko icyaha cyakorewe imbere ye hari Ndikumana baramanukana, bageze imbere bahura na Ayinkamiye yirukankana Nshimiyimana, uyu yitura hasi naho Ayinkamiye amujya hejuru, bababaza icyo bapfa Ayinkamiye avuga ko amutwaye 30.000 Frw, ko babakijije buri wese agataha ukwe; ko ageze imbere yahuye na nyina wa Uwase Joselyne witwa Yankurije Josiane akamubaza niba yamubonye akamusubiza ko ntawe bahuye. [4] Urukiko rwaciye urubanza RP0412/2021/TGI/GSBO ku wa 21/09/2022, rusanga hari ibimenyetso bihamya icyaha Nshogoza Emmanuel na bagenzi be birimo: - Ubuhamya bwa Ayinkamiye Adjara n’ubwa Yankurije Josiane; - Imvugo ya Nshogoza wemeye ko yahuye na Ayinkamiye ndetse na Yankurije uyu akamubaza niba yabonye umukobwa we, ikaba ishimangira ubuhamya bwa Ayinkamiye wavuze ko abaregwa bari kumwe mu gashyamba basambanya uwo mukobwa; - raporo ya muganga igaragaza ko akarangabusugi ka Uwase Joselyne kangiritse; Urukiko rushingiye kuri ibyo bimenyetso, rwemeje ko Nshogoza Emmanuel n’abo baregwa hamwe bahamwa n’icyaha cyo gukoresha undi imibonano mpuzabitsina ku gahato, rubahanisha igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu ya 1.000.000Frw. [5] Nshogoza Emmanuel yajuriye mu Rukiko Rukuru avuga ko Urukiko Rwisumbuye rutagombaga gushingira ku buhamya bwa Ayinkamiye kuko yavuze ibyo atanahagazeho, ko rutagombaga no gushingira kuri raporo ya muganga kuko ntaho igaragaza ko ari we wasambanyije Uwase Joselyne kandi ko hatari gushingirwa ku mvugo z’abo bareganwa kuko ntaho bigeze bamushinja. [6] Ubushinjacyaha bwasubije ko izo mpamvu ze nta shingiro zifite, kuko Urukiko rwa mbere rwamuhamije icyaha rushingiye ku bimenyetso byemewe n’amategeko, ko ahubwo Nshogoza atabasha kubivuguruza. [7] Urukiko rwaciye urubanza RPA01395/2022/HC/KIG ku wa 28/09/2023, rusanga impamvu z’ubujurire bwa Nshogoza Emmanuel nta shingiro zifite kuko:

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- Rwasanze nta cyari gutuma ubuhamya bwa Ayinkamiye Adjara budashingirwaho, kuko yavuze ko yiyumviye Uwase Joselyne arimo gutaka, agiye kureba abamusambanyaga baramutangira aranakubitwa, abona abashinjwa bari kuva aho igikorwa cyo kumusambanya cyaberaga, ndetse nyina ahasanga imiti uwo mukobwa yafataga, ko kandi ubwo buhamya bushimangirwa na raporo ya muganga; - Rwasanze kandi nta mpamvu raporo ya muganga itari gushingirwaho kuko ishimangira ibyo abatangabuhamya bavuze barimo Ayinkamiye na Yankurije Josiane ndetse n’imvugo ya Nshogoza Emmanuel wemeye ko yahuye na nyina w’umukobwa ava mu cyerekezo yasambanyirijwemo; - Rwasanze ibyo Nshogoza avuga ko hashingiwe ku mvugo z’abo bareganwa nta shingiro bifite, kuko ntaho Urukiko rwazishingiyeho ahubwo rwashingiye ku mvugo z’abatangabuhamya no kuri raporo ya muganga. Urukiko rushingiye kuri izo mpamvu, rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Nshogoza Emmanuel nta shingiro bufite, ko hagumyeho igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu ya 1.000.000Frw yahanishijwe ku rwego rwa mbere. [8] Nshogoza Emmanuel ntiyishimiye imikirize y’urubanza ajurira bwa kabiri mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, urubanza rwandikwa kuri RPAA00536/2023/CA, ruhabwa itariki yo kuburanishwa yo ku wa 10/09/2024, uwo munsi ruburanishwa yunganiwe na Me Leila Kabuntu, Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na Ninahazwa Roselyne, Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’Igihugu. Bitewe n’uko hari amagambo yo muri raporo ya muganga atasomekaga neza, Urukiko rwategetse Ubushinjacyaha gushaka raporo isomeka neza, bukanakurikirana ibivugwa muri iyo raporo birebana na échantillon ya ADN yafashwe, bituma urubanza rwongera kuburanishwa ku wa 05/11/2021, Nshogoza Emmanuel yunganiwe na Me Leila Kabuntu n’Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na Ninahazwa Roselyne. [9] Mu myanzuro y’ubujurire no mu miburanire, Nshogoza Emmanuel n’umwunganira bavuga ko Urukiko rwamuhamije icyaha rushingiye ku bimenyetso bishidikanywaho bigizwe n’Ubuhamya bwa Ayinkamiye Adjara hamwe na raporo ya muganga, ko kandi yasabye ko hakorwa DNA ariko ntiyakorwa kandi ariyo yari kugaragaza uwasambanyije Uwase Joselyne. [10] Mu myanzuro Ubushinjacyaha bwari bwatanze no mu iburanisha rya mbere, Ubuhagarariye yavugaga ko impamvu z’ubujurire bwa Nshogoza Emmanuel zitahabwa agaciro kuko ibimenyetso byashingiweho bidashidikanywaho, naho mu iburanisha rya kabiri no mu mwanzuro w’inyongera, ashingiye ku byagaragajwe na raporo ya muganga (isomeka neza) no kuri raporo ya DNA yakozwe nyuma y’iburanisha rya mbere, yavuze ko atagishingiye ku miburanire ya mbere kuko asanga hari ugushidikanya ku kuba Uwase Joselyne yarakoreshejwe imibonano mpuzabitsina ku gahato. [11] Ikibazo kigomba gusuzumwa muri uru rubanza ni ukumenya niba Urukiko Rukuru rwarahamije Nshogoza Emmanuel icyaha rushingiye ku bimenyetso bishidikanywaho. II. ISESENGURA RY’IKIBAZO KIRI MU RUBANZA 1. Kumenya niba Urukiko Rukuru rwarahamije icyaha Nshogoza Emmanuel rushingiye ku bimenyetso bishidikanywaho [12] Nshogoza Emmanuel n’umwunganira bavuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rwamuhamije icyaha rushingiye ku bimenyetso bishidikanywaho bigizwe n’ubuhamya bwa Ayinkamiye Adjara hamwe na raporo ya muganga, kandi ko ikizamini cya DNA aricyo cyari kugaragaza uwakoresheje Uwase Joselyne imibonano mpuzabitsina ku gahato. [13] Ku birebana n’ubuhamya bwa Ayinkamiye Adjara, bavuga ko impamvu bushidikanywaho ari uko uwo mutangabuhamya yavuze ko yumvise umwana ataka agera aho bamusambanyirizaga anamubaza icyo abaye, ko uwitwa Nshimiyimana Jean Pierre yahise aza amukubita urushyi ariko ko atahabonye Nshogoza,

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ko ahubwo uyu yashatse kuzenguruka kugira ngo atabona aho aturutse, ahita ahura na nyina wa Uwase Joselyne, ko rero ubwo buhamya bwumvikanisha ko Ayinkamiye atabonye Nshogoza asambanya uwo mwana, bityo bukaba bunyuranye n’ingingo ya 62 y’Itegeko ryerekeye ibimenyetso mu manza n’itangwa ryabyo. [14] Ku birebana na raporo ya muganga, bavuga ko impamvu ishidikanywaho ari uko bivugwa ko icyaha Nshogoza Emmanuel akurikiranyweho cyakozwe ku wa 07/08/2021 saa tatu z’ijoro Uwase Joselyne agasuzumwa bukeye, raporo ya muganga ikaba igaragaza ko hari hashize igihe atakaje akarangabusugi (hymen défloré, avec déchirure ancienne), bakaba basanga ibyo iyo raporo yagaragaje bitari bishya ku buryo byavugwa ko byatewe n’igikorwa cyo ku wa 07/08/2021, ikaba ndetse igaragaza ko nta kindi kimenyetso muganga yasanze mu gitsina cy’uwo mukobwa kandi bivugwa ko yasambanyijwe n’abantu bane, kandi ko akarangabusugi gashobora kuvaho bitewe n’impamvu zitandukanye. Bavuga kandi ko ikindi gishimangira ugushidikanya kw’ibyo bimenyetso byashingiweho ari uko ikizamini cya DNA aricyo cyari kugaragaza uwasambanyije uwo mukobwa ariko kikaba kitarakozwe. [15] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko nyuma yo kubona ibyagaragajwe na raporo muganga (isomeka neza) na raporo ya DNA, atakomeza gushingira ku mwanzuro wari watanzwe mbere wari ugamije kugaragaza ko impamvu z’ubujurire bwa Nshogoza Emmanuel nta shingiro zifite, kuko iyo raporo ya muganga igaragaza ko nta kibazo kidasanzwe cyagaragaye ku myanya ndangagitsina ya Uwase Joselyne, ko akarangabusugi kamaze igihe kavuyeho ko kandi nta maraso yagaragaye mu gitsina cye, naho raporo ya DNA ikagaragaza ko nta turemangingo tw’umugabo twabonetse mu byakuwe mu gitsina cy’uwo mukobwa no ku bindi byafashwe1, ko ibyo bitera gushidikanya ku kuba uwo mukobwa yarakoreshejwe imibonano mpuzabitsina ku gahato, bityo ko Urukiko rwakwemeza ko ubujurire bwa Nshogoza Emmanuel bugamije kunenga ibimenyetso byashingiweho bufite ishingiro akagirwa umwere. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [16] Impaka ziri muri uru rubanza zishingiye ku kumenya niba ibimenyetso byashingiweho n’Urukiko Rukuru mu guhamya Nshogoza Emmanuel icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana bishidikanywaho. [17] Ingingo ya 111 y’Itegeko Nº 027/2019 ryo ku wa 19/09/2019 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha nk’uko ryahinduwe kugeza ubu, iteganya ko gushidikanya birengera ushinjwa. Iyo urubanza rwakurikiranywe mu buryo bwose, ntihagire ibimenyetso nyakuri biboneka byemeza nta shiti abacamanza ko ushinjwa yakoze icyaha koko, bagomba kwemeza ko atsinze. [18] Iyi ngingo yashingiweho mu manza zitandukanye harimo urubanza RPA0084/10/CS rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 09/05/2014 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Gatera n’izindi zaciwe nyuma harimo urubanza RPAA00523/2023/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 24/09/2024 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Ndangurura Isaac, muri izo manza hakaba harasobanuwe ko iyo ibimenyetso bitagaragaza mu buryo budashidikanywaho ko uregwa yakoze icyaha ashinjwa, Urukiko rwemeza ko ari umwere. [19] Nk’uko urubanza rwajuririwe rubigaragaza, Nshogoza Emmanuel yajuriye mu Rukiko Rukuru anenga Urukiko Rwisumbuye kuba rwarashingiye ku buhamya bwa Ayinkamiye Adjara kandi yaravuze ibyo atahagazeho, runashingira kuri raporo ya muganga kandi itagaragaza ko ari we wakoze icyaha akurikiranweho, urwo Rukiko rusanga ariko ibyo avuga nta shingiro bifite kuko Ayinkamiye Adjara yavuze ko yiyumviye Uwase Joselyne arimo gutaka, agiye kureba abamusambanyaga baramutangira aranakubitwa, abona abashinjwa bari kuva aho igikorwa cyo kumusambanya cyaberaga, ndetse nyina ahasanga imiti uwo mukobwa yafataga, ko kandi raporo ya muganga ishimangira ibyo abatangabuhamya bavuze n’imvugo ya Nshogoza wemeye ko yahuye na nyina w’umukobwa ava mu cyerekezo yasambanyirijwemo.

1 No male profile was obtained from vaginal swabs and short collected from UWASE Joselyne

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[20] Ku birebana n’umutangabuhamya Ayinkamiye Adjara washingiweho mu rubanza rujuririrwa, bigaragara ko abazwa mu Bugenzacyaha, yarasobanuye ko ubwo yari atashye saa tatu z’ijoro yumvise UWASE Joselyne arimo gutaka mu gashyamba aramuhamagara amubaza icyo abaye, uwitwa Nshimiyimana ahita amwitambika yanga ko agera aho bari bari amukubita urushyi maze batangira kurwana, naho uwitwa Ndikumana aza asa n’ubakiza aturutse aho uwo mukobwa yatakiraga ahita acikisha Nshimiyimana naho we afata Ndikumana aramukomeza, ko Nshogoza we yashatse kuzenguruka yanga ko abona ko aturutse aho bagenzi be bari baturutse, ko Nshogoza yagiye nawe amugenda inyuma afashe Ndikumana, ahura na nyina wa Uwase amubaza niba yamubonye maze amurangira aho ari kandi ahageze ahasanga ibinini yafataga. [21] Urukiko rurasanga harebwe ibikubiye mu buhamya bwa Ayinkamiye Adjara, ntaho avuga ko yabonye Nshogoza Emmanuel mu gashyamba avuga ko yumvisemo Uwase ataka igihe cya saa tatu z’ijoro, kuko imvugo ye y’uko Nshogoza yazengurutse kugira ngo (Ayinkamiye) atabona ko yari aturutse muri ako gashyamba, yumvikanisha ko ari ibyo yacyetse, kuko hashingiwe kubyo Nshogoza yasobanuye, aho Ayinkamiye yamubonye hari mu nzira yanyuragamo ajya iwe, ibi bikaba ari nako byumvikana mu mvugo z’abandi barezwe hamwe (Ndikumana na Nshimiyimana) kuko nabo bavuze ko Nshogoza yari mu muhanda, bikanashimangirwa na nyina wa Uwase kuko yavuze ko ubwo yari agiye gushaka uwo mukobwa yahuye na Nshogoza akamubaza niba yamubonye, ibi byose bikaba bigashimangira ko ubuhamya bwa Ayinkamiye ku birebana na Nshogoza, bushingiye ku gucyeka, bukaba butashingirwaho ngo hemezwe nta gushidikanya ko yari avuye mu gashyamba Ayinkamiye yavuze ko ariko Uwase yasambanyirijwemo. [22] Naho ku birebana na raporo ya muganga yashingiweho mu rubazna rujuririrwa, igaragaza ko Uwase Joselyne yasuzumwe ku munsi wakurikiye uwo bivugwa ko yakoresherejwe imibonano mpuzabitsina ko kandi atari yahinduye imyenda atanakarabye, muganga akaba yarasanze nta kintu kidasanzwe cyagaragaye ku myanya ndangagitsina ye2, ko ariko hashize igihe atakaje akarangabusugi3. [23] Urukiko rurasanga n’ubwo ibyagaragajwe na raporo ya muganga by’uko hari hashize igihe Uwase atakaje akarangabusugi bitavanaho ko yashoboraga gukoreshwa imibonano mpuzabitsina ku gahato, hatakwemezwa nta gushidikanya ko icyo gikorwa cyaba cyarakozwe na Nshogoza Emmanuel, kuko nk’uko byavuzwe haruguru ubuhamya bwa Ayinkamiye butemeza ko yari ari aho icyo gikorwa cyaba cyarakorewe. [24] Urukiko rurasanga rero ibimenyetso byashingiwe bitera gushidikanya, uko gushidikanya kugashimangirwa kandi na raporo ya DNA yagaragaje ko nta turemangingo tw’umugago twagaragaye mu gitsina cy’uwo mukobwa cyangwa mu ikabutura yari yambaye4, ngo noneho bibe byahuzwa n’ubuhamya bwa Ayinkamiye Adjara wavuze ko yamubonye aturutse aho yumvise Uwase atakira, cyangwa ngo habe haragaragajwe ubundi buryo yaba yarakoresheje bwatumye utwo turemangingo tutagaragara, bityo kuba ibimenyetso byashingiweho mu guhamya icyaha Nshogoza atari ibimenyetso simusiga ku buryo budashidikanywaho, agomba guhanagurwaho icyaha inkiko za mbere zamuhamije hashingiwe ku biteganywa n’ingingo ya 111 y’Itegeko Nº 027/2019 ryo ku wa 19/09/2019 ryavuzwe haruguru. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [25] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Nshogoza Emmanuel bufite shingiro; [26] Rwemeje ko imikirize y’urubanza RPA01395/2022/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, ku wa 28/09/2023 ihindutse. [27] Rwemeje ko Nshogoza Emmanuel adahamwa n’icyaha cyo gukoresha undi imibonano mpuzabitsina ku gahato.

2 Labia majora, labia minora, vestibule, fourchette: normaux. 3 Hymen défloré avec déchirure ancienne. 4 No male profile was obtained from vaginal swabs and short collected from Uwase Joselyne.

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[28] Rwemeje ko amagarama y’urubanza aherera ku Isanduku ya Leta.