UBUSHINJACYAHA vs. URIMUBENSHI

# UBUSHINJACYAHA vs. URIMUBENSHI

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2024-11-29 - Case/document no.: RPAA 00408/2023/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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UBUSHINJACYAHA vs. URIMUBENSHI [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RPAA 00408/2023/CA (Mukandamage, P.J.,) 29 Ugushyingo 2024] Amategeko agenga imanza nshinjabyaha – Icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana w’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) – Kugabanyirizwa ibihano – Mu rwego rw’ibirego nshinjabyaha iyo abaregwa nta kindi banenga urubanza rwajuririwe, uretse kuvuga gusa ko batagabanyirijwe bihagije, buri mucamanza ku rwego urwo arirwo rwose, yemerewe gutanga igihano mu bushishozi bwe kijyanye n’uburemere bw’icyaha ndetse n’ingaruka zacyo. Incamake y’ikibazo: Urimubenshi Jacques bita Tuyizere yacyetsweho icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana witwa Y. V. w’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) y’amavuko, we yari afite imyaka makumyabiri n’umwe (21) y’amavuko, bivugwa ko yahuye n’uwo mwana avuye ku bwiherero bw’akabari bari barimo, amujyana inyuma y’inzu aramusambanya, ashatse gutabaza amutera ubwoba amwereka icyuma, birangiye umwana ahita ajya kubibwira ababyeyi be, bamujyana kwa muganga. Urimubenshi Jacques yarafashwe atangira gukurikiranwa n’Ubugenzacyaha. Nyuma y’iperereza, Ubushinjacyaha bwatanze ikirego mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Karongi burega Urimubenshi Jacques icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana, busaba ko ahamwa n’icyo cyaha, agahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25). Urimubenshi Jacques yaburanye ahakana icyaha, avuga ko uwo mwana bamushinja gusambanya atamuzi, ko n’igihe bivugwa ko umwana yasambanyirijwe yari mu kabari kavugwa ari kumwe n’ababyeyi be, ariko ko atigeze agera aho umwana yasambanyirijwe, asaba kurenganurwa. Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Karongi rwasanze hari ibimenyetso bigaragaza ko Urimubenshi Jacques yasambanyije umwana, birimo imvugo ze mu Bugenzacyaha yemera ko yahuye n’uwo mwana yasinze, ubuhamya bwa Hakizimana Evariste n’ubwa Nyakayonga Justine, raporo ya Muganga yagaragaje ko umwana yasambanyijwe na raporo y’inzego z’ibanze yakozwe ku wa 31/07/2019, hanyuma rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25). Urimubenshi ntiyishimiye imikirize y’urubanza maze ajurira mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rusizi yemera icyaha, avuga ko yagikoze abitewe n’uburangare n’ubushishozi buke byatewe no kunywa inzoga, asaba imbabazi no kugabanyirizwa igihano. Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha yavuze ko ntacyo Urimubenshi anenga urubanza yajuririye, kandi ko kwemera icyaha mu bujurire ntacyo byamumarira, bityo ko urubanza rwajuririwe rutahinduka. Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rusizi rwasanze impamvu z’ubujurire zo kwemera icyaha no kugisabira imbabazi zatanzwe na Urimubenshi Jacques ari nshya, kuko bitaburanweho ku rwego rwa mbere, kandi umucamanza wo mu bujurire aba afite inshingano yo gukosora amakosa yaba yarakozwe n’urukiko rwabanje, maze rwemeza ko ubujurire bwe nta shingiro bufite.

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Urimubenshi yajuririye nanone mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, avuga ko yemera icyaha, kandi ari ubwa mbere akurikiranwe mu butabera, bityo ko kuba yaracyemeye mu bujurire bwa mbere bitamubera impamvu ituma atagabanyirizwa igihano, agasaba ko igihano yahawe cyagabanywa. Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko ubujurire bwatanzwe na Urimubenshi butahabwa ishingiro, bityo ko hagumaho urubanza rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rusizi. Uhagarariye Urimibenshi avuga kandi ko mu kugabanya igihano hashingirwa ku murongo watanzwe mu rubanza rwaburanyemo Ubushinjacyaha na Nshakabatenda Jean de Dieu, uvuga ko ntacyabuza Urukiko kugabanyanyiriza igihano uregwa hagamijwe gutanga igihano gihwanye n’uburemere bw’icyaha, kabone n’ubwo iby’igihano byaba bitaraburanyweho n’impamvu z’ubujurire zitahawe ishingiro, asaba ko uwo yagabanyirizwa igihano mu rwego rwo gutanga igihano gihwanye n’uburemere bw’icyaha yakoze n’ubwo impamvu z’ubujurire zitahawe ishingiro. Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko ubujurire bwa Urimubenshi butahabwa ishingiro, kubera ko atabashije kuvuguruza ibisobanuro byatanzwe n’Umucamanza wo mu bujurire ku rwego rwa mbere, ko nta n’icyo anenga urwo rubanza rwaciwe ku bujurire bwe bwa mbere, bityo ko urubanza rwajuririwe rudakwiriye guhindurwa. Incamake y’icyemezo: 1.Mu rwego rw’ibirego nshinjabyaha iyo abaregwa nta kindi banenga urubanza rwajuririwe, uretse kuvuga gusa ko batagabanyirijwe bihagije, buri mucamanza ku rwego urwo arirwo rwose, yemerewe gutanga igihano mu bushishozi bwe kijyanye n’uburemere bw’icyaha ndetse n’ingaruka zacyo. 2.Urukiko rwasanze rero, n’ubwo Urimubenshi Jacques yakoze icyaha gikomeye cyo gusambanya umwana w’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15), ariko bigaragara ko icyo cyaha yagikoze nawe akiri muto, kuko yari afite imyaka makumyabiri n’umwe (21) y’amavuko, kandi akaba ari ubwa mbere akurikiranwe mu butabera ku buryo buzwi, ibi bikaba byamubera impamvu nyoroshyacyaha yatuma agabanyirizwa igihano, bityo agahabwa igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’ibiri (12).

Ubujurire bufite ishingiro. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ingingo ya 49 Imanza zifashishijwe: Urubanza RPA 00060/2021/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 04/04/2022 haburana Ubushinjacyaha, Nsabimana Callixte alias Sankara na bagenzi be, urubanza RPAA 00459/2023/CA, rwaciwe ku wa 27/09/2024 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Nkurikiyimana Callixte. Urubanza

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I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Ku wa 30/07/2019, Urimubenshi Jacques bita Tuyizere yacyetsweho icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana witwa Y. V. w’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) y’amavuko, bivugwa ko yahuye n’uwo mwana avuye ku bwiherero bw’akabari bari barimo, amujyana inyuma y’inzu aramusambanya, ashatse gutabaza amutera ubwoba amwereka icyuma, birangiye umwana ahita ajya kubibwira ababyeyi be, bamujyana kwa muganga. Urimubenshi Jacques yarafashwe atangira gukurikiranwa n’Ubugenzacyaha. [2] Nyuma y’iperereza, Ubushinjacyaha bwatanze ikirego mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Karongi burega Urimubenshi Jacques icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana, busaba ko ahamwa n’icyo cyaha, agahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25) giteganywa n’ingingo ya 133 y’Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange. [3] Urimubenshi Jacques yaburanye ahakana icyaha, avuga ko uwo mwana bamushinja gusambanya atamuzi, ko n’igihe bivugwa ko umwana yasambanyirijwe yari mu kabari kavugwa ari kumwe n’ababyeyi be, ariko ko atigeze agera aho umwana yasambanyirijwe, asaba kurenganurwa. [4] Mu rubanza RP 00410/2019/TGI/KNG rwaciwe ku wa 30/09/2020, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Karongi rwasanze hari ibimenyetso bigaragaza ko Urimubenshi Jacques yasambanyije umwana, birimo imvugo ze mu Bugenzacyaha yemera ko yahuye n’uwo mwana yasinze, ubuhamya bwa Hakizimana Evariste n’ubwa Nyakayonga Justine, raporo ya Muganga yagaragaje ko umwana yasambanyijwe na raporo y’inzego z’ibanze yakozwe ku wa 31/07/2019, hanyuma rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25). [5] Urimubenshi Jacques yajuririye Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rusizi yemera icyaha, avuga ko yagikoze abitewe n’uburangare n’ubushishozi buke byatewe no kunywa inzoga, asaba imbabazi no kugabanyirizwa igihano. Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha yavuze ko ntacyo URIMUBENSHI Jacques anenga urubanza yajuririye, ko kwemera icyaha mu bujurire ntacyo byamumarira, asaba ko urubanza rwajuririwe rutahinduka. [6] Mu rubanza RPA 00321/2020/HC/RSZ rwaciwe ku wa 14/06/2023, Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rusizi rwasanze impamvu z’ubujurire zo kwemera icyaha no kugisabira imbabazi zatanzwe na Urimubenshi Jacques ari nshya, kuko bitaburanweho ku rwego rwa mbere, kandi umucamanza wo mu bujurire aba afite inshingano yo gukosora amakosa yaba yarakozwe n’urukiko rwabanje, maze rwemeza ko ubujurire bwe nta shingiro bufite. [7] Urimubenshi Jacques yajuririye Urukiko rw’Ubujurire, urubanza ruhabwa RPAA 00408/2023/CA, ruburanishwa mu ruhame ku wa 11/11/2024, Urimubenshi Jacques yunganiwe na Me Rwimo Clotilde, naho Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na Bunyoye Grâce, Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’Igihugu. Kuri uwo munsi Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha yavuze ko inzitizi yo kutakira ubujurire bwa Urimubenshi Jacques kubera ko yatanze ingingo z’ubujurire atinze buyiretse. [8] Mu myanzuro no mu miburanire, Urimubenshi Jacques avuga ko yemera icyaha, kandi ari ubwa mbere akurikiranwe mu butabera, ko kuba yaracyemeye mu bujurire bwa mbere bitamubera impamvu ituma atagabanyirizwa, agasaba ko igihano yahawe cyagabanywa. Uhagarariye

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Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko ubujurire bwatanzwe na Urimubenshi Jacques butahabwa ishingiro, ko hagumaho urubanza rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rusizi. [9] Ikibazo kigomba gusuzumwa muri uru rubanza ni icyo kumenya niba Urimubenshi Jacques yagabanyirizwa igihano. II. ISESENGURA RY’IKIBAZO KIGIZE URUBANZA Kumenya niba Urimubenshi Jacques yagabanyirizwa igihano [10] Urimubenshi Jacques avuga ko yemera icyaha yakoze ku wa 30/07/2019 cyo gusambanya umwana Y. V., agasaba ko uko kwemera icyaha yakoreye mu bujurire kwamugirira akamaro, hakanitabwa ku mpamvu y’uko ari ubwa mbere akurikiranwe mu nkiko, maze akagabanyirizwa igihano, agahabwa igifungo cy’imyaka itanu (5). [11] Me Rwimo Clotilde avuga ko mu kugabanya igihano hashingirwa ku murongo watanzwe mu rubanza RPAA 00039/2021/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 02/07/2021, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Nshakabatenda Jean de Dieu, uvuga ko ntacyabuza Urukiko kugabanyanyiriza igihano uregwa hagamijwe gutanga igihano gihwanye n’uburemere bw’icyaha, kabone n’ubwo iby’igihano byaba bitaraburanyweho n’impamvu z’ubujurire zitahawe ishingiro, bityo na Urimubenshi Jacques akaba yagabanyirizwa mu rwego rwo gutanga igihano gihwanye n’uburemere bw’icyaha yakoze n’ubwo impamvu z’ubujurire zitahawe ishingiro. [12] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko ubujurire bwa Urimubenshi Jacques butahabwa ishingiro, kubera ko atabashije kuvuguruza ibisobanuro byatanzwe n’Umucamanza wo mu bujurire ku rwego rwa mbere, ko nta n’icyo anenga urwo rubanza rwaciwe ku bujurire bwe bwa mbere, ahubwo yongeye gusaba kugabanyirizwa igihano ashingiye ku mpamvu yari yaratanze mbere, ko rero ibyakozwe mu bujurire bwa mbere bikwiye kandi bikurikije amategeko, urubanza rwajuririwe rukaba rudakwiriye guhindurwa. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [13] Kubyerekeranye no kugabanyirizwa igihano mu gihe ariyo mpamvu y’ubujurire yonyine, byatanzweho umurongo mu rubanza RPA 00060/2021/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 04/04/2022 haburana Ubushinjacyaha, Nsabimana Callixte alias Sankara na bagenzi be. Muri urwo rubanza, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwasobanuye ko mu rwego rw’ibirego nshinjabyaha iyo abaregwa nta kindi banenga urubanza rwajuririwe, uretse kuvuga gusa ko batagabanyirijwe bihagije, buri mucamanza ku rwego urwo arirwo rwose, yemerewe gutanga igihano mu bushishozi bwe kijyanye n’uburemere bw’icyaha ndetse n’ingaruka zacyo hakurikijwe ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 49 y’Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ariko ko mu bujurire, Umucamanza agomba kuzirikana ko yemerewe gusa guhindura igihano cyatanzwe n’Umucamanza wo mu rukiko rubanza, ari uko amaze kugaragaza ko urwo rukiko rwaba rwarakoresheje nabi itegeko cyangwa ubushishozi bwarwo mu gutanga icyo gihano. Uyu murongo wakurikijwe mu manza zitandukanye zakurikiyeho zaciwe n’uru Rukiko, harimo n’urubanza n° RPAA 00459/2023/CA, rwaciwe ku wa 27/09/2024 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Nkurikiyimana Callixte.

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[14] Mu bika bikurikira harasuzumwa niba mu guhanisha Urimubenshi Jacques igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25) ku cyaha cyo gusambanya umwana w’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) y’amavuko, Urukiko rwabanje rwaba rwarakoresheje nabi itegeko cyangwa ubushishozi bwarwo ku buryo icyo gihano cyagabanywa. [15] Nk’uko bigaragara mu manza zabanje, Urimubenshi Jacques yaburanye ku rwego rwa mbere ahakana icyaha aregwa, avuga ko atigeze abonana n’umwana bamushinja gusambanya, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Rusizi, rushingiye ku bimenyetso rwashyikirijwe n’Ubushinjacyaha rwamuhamije icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25). Mu bujurire, Urimubenshi Jacques yavuze ko yemera icyaha, agisabira imbabazi, asaba kugabanyirizwa igihano, Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rusizi rwasanze kwemera icyaha mu bujurire bitamugirira akamaro, kuko ari ingingo nshya yatanze mu bujurire kandi umucamanza wo mu bujurire aba afite inshingano yo gukosora amakosa aba yakozwe ku rwego rwabanje, ko rero ubujurire bwe nta shingiro bufite, rwemeza ko akomeza guhanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25). [16] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga nk’uko Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rusizi rwabibonye, ukwemera icyaha Urimubenshi Jacques yakoreye mu bujurire ntacyo kwamumarira nk’impamvu yatuma agabanyirizwa igihano yahawe, kuko ukwemera icyaha kwemewe ari ugukozwe mu buryo budashidikanywa mu iburanisha ku rwego rwa mbere1. [17] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga ariko, kwemera icyaha atariyo mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha yonyine yashingirwaho uregwa agabanyirizwa igihano, kuko mu kugena igihano gihwanye n’uburemere bw’icyaha, hari ibyo umucamanza areba bindi, birimo ingaruka icyaha cyateje, impamvu zatumye uregwa agikora n’imyitwarire yari asanzwe afite2. [18] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga rero, n’ubwo Urimubenshi Jacques yakoze icyaha gikomeye cyo gusambanya umwana w’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15), ariko bigaragara ko icyo cyaha yagikoze nawe akiri muto, kuko yari afite imyaka makumyabiri n’umwe (21) y’amavuko, kandi akaba ari ubwa mbere akurikiranwe mu butabera ku buryo buzwi, ibi bikaba byamubera impamvu nyoroshyacyaha yatuma agabanyirizwa igihano. [19] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga mu kugabanya igihano Urimubenshi Jacques yahawe, hashingirwa ku ngingo ya 2 (b) y’Itegeko n° 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 rigena ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange3 no ku zindi manza zaciwe n’uru Rukiko hashingiwe kuri iryo tegeko, kandi zenda gusa narwo, harimo urubanza RPAA 00574/2021/CA rwaciwe ku wa 24/05/2024, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Nkorerimana Benjamin warezwe icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana w’imyaka cumi n’ine (14) y’amavuko, we afite cumi n’icyenda (19) y’amavuko, aburana ahakana icyaha, ahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri

1 Ingingo ya 59, agace ka mbere 3˚, y’Itegeko N˚ 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange

2 Ingingo ya 49 y’Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018, ritaganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange 3 Iyo ngingo iteganya ibikurikira: “Iyo umucamanza yemeje impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, ashobora kugabanya igihano ku buryo bukurikira: … (b) igifungo kimara igihe kizwi kiva ku mezi 6 kuzamura gishobora kugabanywa, ariko ntikijye munsi ya kimwe cya kabiri (½) cy’igihano gito giteganyirijwe icyaha; (…)” .

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(20), ariko kubera ko bwari ubwa mbere akurikiranwe mu nkiko ku buryo buzwi, agabanyirizwa igihano ahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’ibiri (12), bityo Urimubenshi Jacques akaba agomba guhanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’ibiri (12) nk’icyo NkorerimanA Benjamin yahawe, aho kuba icy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25). [20] Hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 2 y’Itegeko N° 59/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 ryavuzwe haruguru, imanza zatanze imirongo no kubisobanuro byatanzwe, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga ubujurire bwatanzwe na Urimubenshi Jacques bugamije kugabanyisha igihano yahawe bufite ishingiro, urubanza yajuririye rukaba ruhindutse gusa ku birebana n’igihano.

III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [21] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwatanzwe na Urimubenshi Jacques bugamije kugabanyisha igihano bufite ishingiro; [22] Rwemeje ko urubanza RPA 00321/2020/HC/RSZ rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rusizi ku wa 14/06/2023 ruhindutse gusa ku bijyanye n’igihano Urimubenshi Jacques yahawe; [23] Rutegetse ko Urimubenshi Jacques ahanishijwe igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’ibiri (12) ku cyaha cyo gusambanya umwana w’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) y’amavuko; [24] Ruvuze ko amagarama y’urubanza aherereye ku Isanduku ya Leta, kuko Urimubenshi Jacques yajuriye afunze, akaba asonewe kuyatanga.