UBUSHINJACYAHA v MBITSEMUNDA

# UBUSHINJACYAHA v MBITSEMUNDA

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2024-12-20 - Case/document no.: RPAA 00153/2023/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

## Text

## Page 1

UBUSHINJACYAHA v MBITSEMUNDA [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE - RPAA 00153/2023/CA (Gakwaya, P.J.) 20 Ukuboza 2024 Amategeko agenga imanza z’inshinjabyaha – Kugabanyirizwa igihano – Impamvu nyoroshyacyaha - Urukiko ntirutegetswe kwemeza impamvu nyoroshyacyaha igihe cyose zigaragajwe, ngo rugabanyirize uregwa igihano, ahubwo ruzemeza mu bushishozi bwarwo, kandi rukaba rushobora kwanga no kuzemeza nk’impamvu ngabanya gihano, rurebye imikorere y’icyaha uregwa akurikiranweho cyangwa uburyo cyakozwemo. Incamake y’ikibazo: Ku wa 12 Kanama 2020, uwitwa Ntakirutimana, umugore wa Mbitsemunda yatashye mu rugo yitonganya ahasanga umugabo amubaza impamvu yitonganya baherako barwana, Mbitsemunda akubita uwo mugore we arirukanka kugeza ubwo arenga umukingo ajyanwa kwa muganga agezeyo arapfa. Ubushinjacyaha bwatanze ikirego mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Rubavu burega Mbitsemunda icyaha cyo gukubita no gukomeretsa ku bushake byateye urupfu busaba ko cyamuhama akanahanishwa igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri (20) n'ihazabu y'amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni zirindwi (7.000.000 Frw). Urukiko rushingiye ku kwemera kwe ndetse n’ubuhamya bwatanzwe, bwahamije Mbitsemunda icyaha cyo gukubita no gukomeretsa ku bushake byateye urupfu, rumuhanisha igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n'ihazabu y'amafaranga miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000 Frw). Uregwa ntiyishimiye icyo cyemezo maze akijuririra mu Rukiko Rukuru asaba kongera kugabanyirizwa igihano ndetse no guhabwa isubikagihano. Urwo rukiko rwasanze Mbitsemunda yaragabanyirijwe igihano ku buryo buhagije rugumishaho icyemezo cy’Urukiko Rwisumbuye. Mbitsemunda yajuririye kandi icyo cyemezo mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire avuga ko yemeye icyaha akagisabira imbabazi ariko agahabwa igihano kirekire. Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwasuzumye ikibazo cyo kumenya niba Mbitsemunda yakongera kugabanyirizwa igihano hashingiwe ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha agaragaza aho asobanura ko yemeye icyaha kuko yakubise umugore we urushyi hanyuma ariruka na we amwirukaho agwa mu mukingo bituma apfa ko atari agamije kumwica ndetse akaba anasaba imbabazi asaba ko yakongera kugabanyirizwa igihano cyangwa akagisubikirwa ngo abashe kujya kwita ku bana batanu afite. Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko uregwa yagabinyirijwe igihano ku buryo buhagije bityo ko adakwiriye kongera kugabanyirizwa. Incamake y’icyemezo: Urukiko ntirutegetswe kwemeza impamvu nyoroshyacyaha igihe cyose zigaragajwe, ngo rugabanyirize uregwa igihano, ahubwo ruzemeza mu bushishozi bwarwo, kandi rukaba rushobora kwanga no kuzemeza nk’impamvu ngabanya gihano, rurebye imikorere y’icyaha uregwa akurikiranweho cyangwa uburyo cyakozwemo. Ubujurire bwatanzwe, nta shingiro bufite. Nta mategeko yashingiweho.

## Page 2

Imanza zifashishijwe: RPAA 0021/14/CS- Nº RPAA 0022/14/CS, Ubushinjacyaha na Uzabakiriho, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 13/10/2017; RPA 00060/2021/CA, Ubushinjacyaha na Nsabimana Callixte alias Sankara n’abandi, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 4/4/2022. Urubanza IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Ku wa 12/8/2020 saa tatu z’ijoro (21h00’’), Mbitsemunda Jean Bosco yatonganye n’umugore we Ntakirutimana Christine, aramukubita bikomeye, ajyanwa kwa muganga, ku wa 14/8/2020 arapfa. [2] Iperereza rirangiye, Ubushinjacyaha bwareze Mbitsemunda Jean Bosco mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Rubavu icyaha cyo gukubita no gukomeretsa ku bushake byateye urupfu, busaba ko cyamuhama, agahanishwa igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri (20) n'ihazabu y'amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni zirindwi (7.000.000 Frw). [3] Mbitsemunda Jean Bosco yaburanye yemera icyaha, avuga ko umugore we yatashye yitonganya, amubajije impamvu batangira gutongana ubwo, agenda yiruka amuhunga agwa mu mukingo arapfa, ariko ko atamukubise. [4] Mu rubanza No RP 00544/2020/TGI/RBV rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Rubavu ku wa 26/1/2022, rwasobanuye ko n’ubwo Mbitsemunda Jean Bosco atemera ko yakubise umugore we, ariko yavuze ko yaguye mu mukingo amuhunga, ko rero uko kumuhunga byumvikana ko byatewe n’uko yari amukubise, ko kandi ibyo yemera bimutsindisha. Rushingiye kandi ku mvugo z’abatangabuhamya batandukanye, barimo Bananiye Epiphanie wavuze ko yamwiboneye akubita umugore we avuga ngo aramwica, amukubita umugeri yitura mu mukingo, amusangamo akomeza kumukubita kugeza atabawe n’abantu bamujyanye kwa muganga, Nyiranduhije Claudine wavuze ko yumvise abantu batabaza bavuga ko Mbitsemunda Jean Bosco yishe umugore we, ajya kureba amusanga aryamye hasi arimo kuva amaraso mu mazuru, Nizeyimana Théogene akaba n’Umukuru w’Umudugudu wavuze ko yari asanzwe akubita umugore we, uwo munsi bakaba baramuhamagaye bamubwira ko nabwo yamukubise akamuhirikira mu mukingo, bamujyana kwa muganga akaza gupfa, no kuri raporo ya muganga igaragaza nyakwigendera yishwe n’ibikomere by’uko yakubiswe mu mutwe ubwonko bugasandara byateye guhagarara k’umutima, rwemeza ko Mbitsemunda Jean Bosco ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gukubita no gukomeretsa ku bushake byateye urupfu, rumuhanisha igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n'ihazabu y'amafaranga miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000 Frw). [5] Mbitsemunda Jean Bosco yajuririye mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Musanze, asaba kongera kugabanyirizwa igihano no guhabwa isubikagihano. [6] Mu rubanza No RPA 00068/2022/HC/MUS rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Musanze ku wa 14/3/2023, rushingiye ku murongo wafashwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga mu rubanza

## Page 3

No RPA 0066/08/CS rwaciwe ku wa 6/2/2009, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Kabahizi Jean no ku manza No RPA0129/10/CS, No RPAA 0083/12/CS na No RPA 0036/15/CS zijyanye no kutongera kugabanyiriza uregwa igihano, kandi Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Rubavu rukaba rwaragabanyirije Mbitsemunda Jean Bosco igihano mu gihe rwashoboraga no kumuha igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri (20) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni zirindwi (7 000 000 Frw) nk’uko biteganywa n’ingingo ya 121 y’Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ahubwo agahabwa igihano gito gishoboka, kandi kiri munsi y’igiteganyijwe n’Itegeko, rwemeza ko adashobora kongera kugabanyirizwa igihano cy’igifungo yakatiwe n’ihazabu yahawe ikaba idakwiye guhinduka. [7] Mbitsemunda Jean Bosco yajuririye Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 22/3/2023, avuga ko yemeye icyaha, arakicuza agisabira imbabazi, ariko ahabwa igihano kirekire. Mu mwanzuro w’inyongera wo ku wa 8/5/2023, yavuze ko yemera icyaha ku buryo budashidikanywaho nk’uko Ubushinjacyaha bwabisobanuye mu kirego cyabwo, akaba abisabira imbabazi. [8] Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko kuba Mbitsemunda Jean Bosco yaramaze kugabanyirizwa igihano ku rwego rwa mbere agahabwa igihano gito cyateganywaga n’itegeko, na nyuma y’uko urubanza rwe ruciwe hagasohoka Itegeko rishya riteganya igihano cy’igifungo kitari munsi y’imyaka icumi (10), ariko kitarenze imyaka makumyabiri (20) n’ihazabu itari munsi y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni eshatu (3.000.000 Frw), ariko itarenze amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000 Frw) ku cyaha yahamijwe, bukaba busaba ko atakongera kugabanyirizwa kubera uburemere bw’icyaha yakoze. [9] Urubanza rwahawe No RPAA 00153/2023/CA, ruburanishwa ku wa 3/12/2024, Mbitsemunda Jean Bosco yunganiwe na Me Katisiga R. Emile, naho Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na Mukunzi Faustin, Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’Igihugu. [10] Hakurikijwe imyanzuro n’imiburanire ya Mbitsemunda Jean Bosco n’Ubushinjacyaha yo ku wa 3/12/2024, ikibazo kigomba gusuzumwa ni ukumenya niba Mbitsemunda Jean Bosco yakongera kugabanyirizwa igihano hashingiwe ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha atanga. II.ISESENGURA RY’IKIBAZO KIGIZE URUBANZA Kumenya niba Mbitsemunda Jean Bosco yakongera kugabanyirizwa igihano hashingiwe ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha agaragaza [11] Mbitsemunda Jean Bosco avuga ko yemeranya n’ikirego cy’Ubushinjacyaha kuko uko bubivuga ariko byagenze, ko yari asanzwe abanye nabi n’umugore we, uwo munsi bakaba baratonganye akomeza kumutuka cyane imbere y’abana, nawe ananirwa kwihangana bararwana, amukubita urushyi, yiruka arimo kumuhunga, amwirukaho, ageze imbere kuko hari nijoro hatabona, agwa mu mukingo muremure abanzamo umutwe, ari nabyo byamubereye intandaro yo gupfa, ko ariko atari agambiriye kumwica kandi bari bafitanye abana batanu (5), ubu babaye imfubyi kandi ariwe wakoraga akabarihira mutuelle de santé n’amafaranga y’ishuri, akaba yaremeye icyaha ku buryo budashidikanywaho agisabira imbabazi, ariko ahabwa igihano kirekire. [12] Katisiga R. Emile, wunganira Mbitsemunda Jean Bosco, avuga ko ku rwego rwa mbere n’urwa kabiri, Inkiko zirengagije ko hari umurongo watazwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga wemerera

## Page 4

Umucamaza no kujya munsi y’igihano giteganywa n’Itegeko n’ ibyemejwe mu rubanza Nº RPAA 00513/2021/CA, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 24/4/2023, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Dushimirimana Evariste, narwo rurebana no kugabanya igihano kugera munsi y’igihano gito giteganywa n’Itegeko hamwe n’urubanza Nº RPA 00060/2021/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 4/4/2022, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Nsabimana Callixte alias Sankara n’abandi, rurebana n’ukwemera icyaha. Akaba asaba uru Rukiko kumugabanyiriza igihano. [13] Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko kuba Mbitsemunda Jean Bosco yaramaze kugabanyirizwa igihano ku rwego rwa mbere, agahabwa igihano gito cyateganywaga n’Itegeko, na nyuma y’uko urubanza rwe rucibwa hagasohoka Itegeko rishya Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 4/12/2023 rihindura kandi ryuzuza Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, mu ngingo yaryo ya 11 iteganya igihano cy’igifungo kitari munsi y’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) ariko kitarenze imyaka makumyabiri (20) n’ihazabu itari munsi y’amafaranga miliyoni eshatu (3.000.000 Frw), ariko kitarenze amafaranga miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000) Frw ku cyaha yahamijwe, ko atakongera kugabanyirizwa kubera uburemere bw’icyaha yakoze. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [14] Impaka muri uru rubanza zishingiye ku kumenya niba Mbitsemunda Jean Bosco yakongera kugabanyirizwa igihano hashingiwe ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha agaragaza. [15] Nk’uko byemejwe mu rubanza Nº RPAA 0021/14/CS - Nº RPAA 0022/14/CS rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 13/10/2017, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Uzabakiriho1, Urukiko ntirutegetswe kwemeza impamvu nyoroshyacyaha igihe cyose zigaragajwe, ngo rugabanyirize uregwa igihano, ahubwo ruzemeza mu bushishozi bwarwo, kandi rukaba rushobora kwanga no kuzemeza nk’impamvu ngabanya gihano, rurebye imikorere y’icyaha uregwa akurikiranweho cyangwa uburyo cyakozwemo, uyu murongo ukaba waranagendeweho n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire, ruca izindi manza zitandukanye nk’urubanza Nº RPAA 00312/2021/CA rwaciwe ku wa 29/7/2022, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Mbonabucya Donatien2. [16] Nk’uko kandi byemejwe mu rubanza Nº RPA 00060/2021/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 4/4/2022, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Nsabimana Callixte alias Sankara na bagenzi be3, iyo uregwa nta kindi anenga urubanza yajuririye, uretse kuvuga gusa ko atagabanyirijwe igihano bihagije, buri mucamanza ku rwego urwo arirwo rwose, yemerewe gutanga igihano mu bushishozi bwe kijyanye n’uburemere bw’icyaha n’ingaruka zacyo (……), cyakora mu bujurire Umucamanza akaba agomba kuzirikana ko yemerewe gusa guhindura igihano cyatanzwe n’Umucamanza wo mu Rukiko rubanza ari uko amaze kugaragaza ko urwo Rukiko rwaba rwarakoresheje nabi Itegeko cyangwa ubushishozi bwarwo mu gutanga igihano. [17] Mu gace ka munani (8) n’aka cyenda (9) tw’urubanza rujuririrwa, Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Musanze rushingiye ku murongo wafashwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga mu rubanza No

1 Reba urubanza Nº RPAA 0021/14/CS- Nº RPAA 0022/14/CS rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 13/10/201, mu cyegeranyo cy’ibyemezo by’Inkiko ({2018} 4 RLR). 2 Reba urubanza Nº RPAA 00312/2021/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 29/7/2022, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Mbonabucya Donatien, mu gika cyarwo cya 20. 3 Reba urubanza Nº RPA 00060/2021/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 4/4/2022, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Nsabimana Callixte na bagenzi be, mu gika cya 252 na 254.

## Page 5

RPA 0066/08/CS4 rwaciwe ku wa 6/2/2009, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Kabahizi Jean, ku rubanza No RPA0129/10/CS, ku rubanza No RPAA 0083/12/CS no ku rubanza No RPA 0036/15/CS zijyanye no kutongera kugabanyiriza uregwa igihano, rwasobanuye ko n’ubwo Mbitsemunda Jean Bosco asaba ko igihano yahawe cyakongera kugabanywa yirengagiza ko mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye yagabanyirijwe igihano kuko yashoboraga guhanishwa igifungo kigeze ku myaka makumyabiri (20) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga miliyoni zirindwi (7 000 000 Frw) nk’uko biteganywa n’ingingo ya 121 y’Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange. Nyamara, yahanishijwe igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga miliyoni eshanu (5 000 000 Frw), igihano gito ugereranyije n’icyaha yakoze; ko rero bigaragara ko yagabanyirijwe, ndetse ahabwa igihano kiri munsi y’igiteganyijwe n’Itegeko, ko ibyo asaba byo kongera kugabanyirizwa igihano nta shingiro bifite, adakwiye kubihabwa. [18] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga imiburanire ya Mbitsemunda Jean Bosco ishingiye ku gusaba kugabanyirizwa igihano kuko yemera icyaha, irebewe hamwe n’imirongo yagaragajwe haruguru yafashwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ikanashingirwaho n’uru Rukiko mu gukemura ikibazo gisa n’icye, harebwe n’uburyo yambuye ubuzima umugore we akamukubita akamwica nk’uko Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Rubavu rwabigaragaje, ariko mu bushishozi bwarwo rurebye uko icyo cyaha cyakozwe rukabona ko akwiye kugabanyirizwa igihano, rukamuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000 Frw), uru Rukiko rurasanga nta kosa Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Musanze rwakoze rwanga kongera kugabanyiriza Mbitsemunda Jean Bosco igihano yakatiwe ku rwego rwa mbere, rusobanura ko mu bushishozi bwarwo ibihano yahawe bihagije harebwe ibihano biteganyijwe n’Itegeko ku cyaha yakoze. [19] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga kandi ibihano yakatiwe bikwiranye n’uko Mbitsemunda Jean Bosco yakozemo icyaha aregwa, bityo ubujurire bwe nta shingiro bufite, nta gihindutse ku mikirize y’urubanza yajuririye. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [20] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwatanzwe na Mbitsemunda Jean Bosco nta shingiro bufite. [21] Rwemeje ko nta gihindutse ku mikirize y’urubanza No RPA 00068/2022/HC/MUS rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Musanze ku wa 14/3/2023. [22] Rwemeje ko igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000 Frw) Mbitsemunda Jean Bosco yahanishijwe, kigumyeho. [23] Rutegetse ko amagarama y'urubanza aherera ku Isanduku ya Leta.

4 “Uregwa yari yajuriye asaba kugabanyirizwa igihano kubera ko yiyemeje gukomeza kuvugisha ukuri ku rwego rw’ubujurire naho akemera icyaha. Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwemeje ko atakwitwaza kwemera icyaha mu bujurire ngo agabanyirizwe igihano bwa kabiri, mu gihe yabikorewe ku rwego rubanza kabone n’ubwo haba harashingiwe ku yindi mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha”