UBUSHINJACYAHA v. TUYISHIME P.

# UBUSHINJACYAHA v. TUYISHIME P.

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2025-01-27 - Case/document no.: RPAA 00250/2024/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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UBUSHINJACYAHA v. TUYISHIME P. [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RPAA 00250/2024/CA, (Tugireyezu, P.J.,) 27 Mutarama 2025] Amategeko agenga ibyaha n’ibihano – Icyaha cyo kubika no gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge – Kugabanyirizwa ibihano – Uregwa ntakwiye kongera kugabanyirizwa ibihano iyo yabigabanyirijwe mu buryo buhagije ku rwego rwa mbere ugererenaje n’uburemere bw’icyaha yahamijwe. Incamake y’ikibazo: Inzego z’umutekano y’igihugu zafatanye Uwitwa Tuyishime Pacifique udupfunyika 16 tw’urumogi n’urundi rwari mu kajerekani rw’imbuto rupima 2kg ahita ashyikirizwa inzego z’iperereza. Iperereza rirangiye, Ubushinjacyaha bwatanze ikirego mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Karongi bukurikiranyeho Tuyishime Pacifique icyaha cyo kubika no gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge, bunasaba ko yahamwa n’icyo cyaha, agahanishwa igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu, yaburanye yemera ko yafatanwe urumogi amaze gucuruza udupfunyika 4. Urukiko rushingiye ku bimenyetso bitandukanye, rwemeje ko Tuyishime Pacifique ahamwa n’icyaha cyo kubika no gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, ariko kuko yaburanye yemera icyaha mu buryo bwuzuye, rwamugabanyirije igihano, rumuhanisha igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25) n’ihazabu ingana na 20.500.000 Frw. Tuyishime Pacifique ntiyishimiye imikirize y’urubanza, ajuririra mu Rukiko Rukuru, urugereko rwa Rusizi, avuga ko Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwamuhanishije igihano gikakaye kandi atarigeze arushya inzego z’ubutabera, avuga ko kuva yafatwa yemeye icyaha ariko ntirwaha impamvu ze z’inyoroshyacyaha ishingiro maze ahanwa nk’uwaburanye atemera icyaha, bityo asaba ko yagabanyirizwa igihano yahanishijwe, ko kandi igihano yahanishwa cyasubikwa agahabwa amahirwe yo gusubira mu muryango nyarwanda. Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko kuba uregwa avuga ko Urukiko Rwisumbuye rutahaye agaciro impamvu ye y’uko yaburanye yemera icyaha nta shingiro byahabwa kuko yagabanyirijwe igihano hashingiwe kuri iyo mpamvu, ko iyo atagabanyirizwa aba yarahanishijwe igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu. Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rusizi rushingiye ku kuba Tuyishime Pacifique ari ubwa mbere akoze icyaha gihanwa n’amategeko, byongeye akaba yaraburanye yemera icyaha no kuba yarafatanwe ingano nto y’urumogi, rwamugabanyirije igihano rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka icumi n’itanu (15 ans) n’ihazabu ingana na miliyoni icumi (10.000.000 frw), aho kuba igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 25 n’ihazabu ingana na 20.000.000frw yari yahanishijwe n’urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Karongi. Tuyishime Pacifique ntiyishimiye imikirize y’urwo rubanza, ajuririra mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, avuga ko igihano cy’imyaka 15 yahanishijwe ari kirekire, bityo basaba ko cyakongera kugabanywa hashingiwe ku kwemera icyaha kudashidikanywaho, kuba aribwo bwa mbere yakurikiranwa n’inzego z’ubutabera ndetse no kuba mbere y’uko akurikiranwa yari asanzwe yitwara neza nk’uko

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bigaragazwa nabo bari baturanye ndetse n’inzego z’ibanze z’aho yari atuye, ndetse n’icyo ahawe rukagisubika kuko yamaze kugororoka. Ubushinjacyaha bvuga ko ibisabwa na Tuyishime Pacifique nta shingiro byahabwa kuko igihano cy’imyaka 15 yahawe aricyo gito giteganywa n’itegeko ku cyaha yahamijwe nyuma yo kugabanyirizwa igihe hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, bityo agahanishwa imyaka 15 n’ihazabu ya 5.000.000 Frw. Incamake y’icyemezo: Uregwa ntakwiye kongera kugabanyirizwa ibihano iyo yabigabanyirijwe mu buryo buhagije ku rwego rwa mbere ugererenaje n’uburemere bw’icyaha yahamijwe. Ubujurire nta shingiro bufite.

Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ingingo ya 2. Imanza zifashishijwe: Urubanza RPAA 0085/09/CS, rw’Ubushunjacyaha na Havugimana Innocent, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 17/06/2011. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Mu ijoro ryo ku wa 17/05/2022 hashingiwe ku makuru yatanzwe n’abaturage ko Tuyishime Pacifique akoresha ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, inzego z’ibanze zifatanije n’inzego z’umutekano zirimo Police y’igihugu zagiye gusaka mu rugo rwa Tuyishime Pacifique mu Mudugudu wa Kanyinya, Akagari ka Ngoma, Umurenge wa Gishyita, Akarere ka Rutsiro, Intara y’Iburengerazuba, maze afatanwa udupfunyika 16 tw’urumogi n’urundi rwari mu kajerekani rw’imbuto rupima 2kg ahita ashyikirizwa inzegi z’iperereza. [2] Iperereza rirangiye, Ubushinjacyaha bwatanze ikirego mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Karongi bukurikiranyeho Tuyishime Pacifique icyaha cyo kubika no gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge, bunasaba ko yahamwa n’icyo cyaha, agahanishwa igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu. [3] Tuyishime Pacifique yaburanye yemera ko yafatanwe urumogi amaze gucuruza udupfunyika 4, asobanura ko urwo rumogi yaruhawe n’umuntu bumvikanye ko azajya acuruza akamuhemba nyuma yo gucuruza. [4] Mu rubanza RP 00219/2022/TGI/KNG rwaciwe ku wa 09/06/2022, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Karongi rwasanze hari ibimenyetso byemeza ko uregwa yakoze icyaha, birimo:

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- Imvugo Tuyishime Pacifique yavugiye mu nzego z’iperereza no mu gihe cy’iburanisha aho yemeye icyaha cyo gucuruza no kubika urumogi yafatanwe; - Kuba Tuyishime Pacifique yarafatanwe urumogi akavuga n’aho avuye kurugura n’uko yari afite inyungu. Urukiko rushingiye kuri ibyo bimenyetso, rwemeje ko Tuyishime Pacifique ahamwa n’icyaha cyo kubika no gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, ariko kuko yaburanye yemera icyaha mu buryo bwuzuye, rwamugabanyirije igihano, rumuhanisha igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25) n’ihazabu ingana na 20.500.000 Frw. [5] Tuyishime Pacifique ntiyishimiye imikirize y’urubanza, ajuririra mu Rukiko Rukuru, urugereko rwa Rusizi, avuga ko Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwamuhanishije igihano gikakaye kandi atarigeze arushya inzego z’ubutabera, ko kuva yafatwa yemeye icyaha ariko ntirwaha impamvu ze z’inyoroshyacyaha ishingiro ahanwa nk’uwaburanye atemera icyaha, asaba ko yagabanyirizwa igihano yahanishijwe, ko kandi igihano yahanishwa cyasubikwa agahabwa amahirwe yo gusubira mu muryango nyarwanda. [6] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha yaburanye avuga ko kuba Tuyishime Pacifique avuga ko Urukiko Rwisumbuye rutahaye agaciro impamvu ye y’uko yaburanye yemera icyaha nta shingiro byahabwa kuko yagabanyirijwe igihano hashingiwe kuri iyo mpamvu, ko iyo atagabanyirizwa aba yarahanishijwe igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu. Asaba ko hagumaho imirikirize y’urubanza rwajuririwe kuko atabasha kugaragaza inenge cyangwa amakosa yakozwe mu rubanza rujurirwa. [7] Mu rubanza RPA 00265/2022/HC/RSZ, rwaciwe ku wa 27/03/2024, Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rusizi rushingiye ku kuba Tuyishime Pacifique ari ubwa mbere akoze icyaha gihanwa n’amategeko, byongeye akaba yaraburanye yemera icyaha no kuba yarafatanwe ingano nto y’urumogi, rwamugabanyirije igihano rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka icumi n’itanu (15 ans) n’ihazabu ingana na miliyoni icumi (10.000.000 frw), aho kuba igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 25 n’ihazabu ingana na 20.000.000frw yari yahanishijwe n’urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Karongi. [8] Tuyishime Pacifique ntiyishimiye imikirize y’urwo rubanza, ajuririra mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, urubanza ruhabwa RPAA 00250/2024/CA, iburanishwa rishyirwa ku wa 07/01/2025, Tuyishime Pacifique yunganiwe na Me Ruturwa Rumande Esron naho Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na Uwizeye Jean Marie, Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’Igihugu. [9] Mu mwanzuro w’ubujurire no mu miburanire yabo, Tuyishime Pacifique n’umwunganira bavuga ko igihano cy’imyaka 15 yahanishijwe ari kirekire, bityo basaba ko cyakongera kugabanywa hashingiwe ku kwemera icyaha kudashidikanywaho, kuba ari ubwa mbere yakurikiranwa n’inzego z’ubutabera ndetse no kuba mbere y’uko akurikiranwa yari asanzwe yitwara neza nk’uko bigaragazwa nabo bari baturanye ndetse n’inzego z’ibanze z’aho yari atuye, ndetse n’icyo ahawe rukagisubika kuko yamaze kugororoka. [10] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko ibisabwa na Tuyishime Pacifique n’umwunganira nta shingiro byahabwa kuko igihano cy’imyaka 15 yahawe aricyo gito giteganywa n’itegeko ku cyaha yahamijwe nyuma yo kugabanyirizwa igihe hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, ko hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 2 (a&d) y’Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko nº 68/2018

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ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange kongera kumugabanyiriza byaba binyuranyije n’amategeko. Asobanura ko ihazabu yo yagabanyuka agahanishwa ihazabu ya 5.000.000 Frw, bityo agahanishwa imyaka 15 n’ihazabu ya 5.000.000 Frw. Ku birebana n’isubika, ko atarihabwa kuko igihano yahanishijwe kirenze imyaka 5, byumvikana ko amategeko we atabimwemerera. [11] Urukiko ruhereye kuri izo mpaka, rurasanga ikibazo gikwiye gusuzumwa muri uru rubanza ari icyo: “Kumenya niba igihano Tuyishime Pacifique yahanishijwe cyakongera kugabanywa”. II. ISESENGURA RY’IKIBAZO KIGIZE URUBANZA Kumenya niba igihano Tuyishime Pacifique yahanishijwe cyakongera kugabanywa. [12] Tuyishime Pacifique n’umwunganira bavuga ko igihano cy’imyaka 15 yahanishijwe ari kirekire, bityo basaba ko cyakongera kugabanywa hashingiwe ku kwemera icyaha kudashidikanywaho, kuba aribwo bwa mbere yakurikiranwa n’inzego z’ubutabera ndetse no kuba mbere y’uko akurikiranwa yari asanzwe yitwara neza nk’uko bigaragazwa nabo bari baturanye ndetse n’inzego z’ibanze z’aho yari atuye, ndetse n’icyo ahawe rukagisubika kuko yamaze kugororoka. [13] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko ibisabwa na Tuyishime Pacifique n’umwunganira nta shingiro byahabwa kuko igihano cy’imyaka 15 yahawe aricyo gito giteganywa n’itegeko ku cyaha yahamijwe nyuma yo kugabanyirizwa igihe hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, ko hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 2 (a&d) y’Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange kongera kumugabanyiriza byaba binyuranyije n’amategeko. Asobanura ko ihazabu yo yagabanyuka agahanishwa ihazabu ya 5.000.000 Frw, bityo agahanishwa imyaka 15 n’ihazabu ya 5.000.000 Frw. Ku birebana n’isubika, ko atarihabwa kuko igihano yahanishijwe kirenze imyaka 5, byumvikana ko amategeko we atabimwemerera. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [14] Hakurikijwe ibivugwa n’ababuranyi, Urukiko rurasanga impaka muri uru rubanza zishingiye ku kumenya niba Tuyishime Pacifique atakongera kugabanyirizwa igihano kuko yagabanyirijwe bihagije. [15] Ikibazo cyo kumenya niba uregwa atakongera kugabanyirizwa kuko yagabanyirijwe bihagije cyafashweho umurongo n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga1, mu rubanza RPAA 0085/09/CS rwaciwe ku wa 17/06/2011, haburana Ubushunjacyaha na Havugimana Innocent, igika cya 6, ndetse n’uru Rukiko2. Kuri icyo kibazo, izo nkiko zasobanuye ko abaregwa badakwiye kongera kugabanyirizwa igihano hashingiwe ku kuba baragabanyirijwe igihano bihagije ku rwego rwa mbere.

1 Reba urubanza RPAA 0085/09/CS rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 17/06/2011, haburana Ubushunjacyaha na Havugimana Innocent, igika cya 6

2 Reba urubanza RPA 00060/2021/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Rusesabagina Paul na bagenzi be, urupapuro rwa 91, igika cya 264

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[16] Dosiye igaragaza ko Tuyishime Pacifique yafatanwe udupfunyika 16 tw’urumogi n’urundi rwari mu kajerekani rw’imbuto rupima 2kg, kuva agifatwa yemeye icyaha anagisabira imbabazi ku buryo budashidikanywaho. Nk’uko bigaragara, mu rubanza RPA 00265/2022/HC/RSZ, rwaciwe ku wa 27/03/2024, Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rusizi rushingiye ku kuba Tuyishime Pacifique ari ubwa mbere akoze icyaha gihanwa n’amategeko, byongeye akaba yaraburanye yemera icyaha no kuba yarafatanwe ingano nto y’urumogi, rwamugabanyirije igihano rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15 ans) n’ihazabu ingana na miliyoni icumi (10.000.000 frw), aho kuba igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 25 n’ihazabu ingana na 20.000.000 frw yari yahanishijwe n’urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Karongi. [17] Dosiye igaragaza kandi ko mu icibwa ry’urubanza rujuririrwa, urukiko Rukuru rwagabanyirije igihano Tuyishime Pacifique rushingiye ku itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, aho mu ngingo yaryo ya 2 (a) iteganya ko iyo umucamanza yemeje impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, ashobora kugabanya igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu ariko ntikijye munsi y’igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 15 naho (d) ikavuga ko igihano cy’ihazabu gishobora kugabanywa kugeza kuri kimwe cya kane cy’igihano cy’ihazabu gito giteganyirijwe icyaha cyakozwe. [18] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga Tuyishime Pacifique yaragabanyirijwe igihano n’Urukiko Rukuru rumuvana ku gifungo cy’imyaka 25 n’ihazabu ingana na 20.000.000Frw yari yahawe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rumuhanisha igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu ingana na 10.000.000 Frw kubera ko yaburanye yemera icyaha mu buryo budashidikanwaho no kuba ari ubwa mbere akurikiranweho icyaha bizwi. Rurasanga kandi icyo gihano cy’imyaka 15 Tuyishime Pacifique yahawe n’Urukiko Rukuru gikwiriye ugereranije n’uburemere bw’icyaha yahamijwe cyo kubika no gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, aho yafatanwe udupfunyika 16 tw’urumogi n’urundi rwari mu kajerekani rw’imbuto rupima 2kg kuko, hashingiwe ku biteganywa mu ngingo ya 2, igika cya (a), y’itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange rivuzwe mu gika kibanziriza iki, icyo gihano aricyo gito gishoboka giteganyirizwa icyaha yahamijwe mu gihe hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha. Ibyo byumvikanisha rero ko yagabanyirijwe ku buryo buhagije bityo icyo gihano kikaba kidashobora kongera kugabanywa. [19] Urukiko rw’ubujurire rurasanga rero rutagabanyiriza Tuyishime Pacifique igihano ngo rujye munsi y’igihano gito giteganywa n’itegeko nk’uko we n’umwunganira babisaba, ahubwo hakurikijwe ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 2, agace ka d3, y’Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, kuko yahawe igihano gito giteganyirizwa icyaha yahamijwe. Rurasanga ahubwo hashingiwe kuri iyo ngingo rwamugabanyiriza igihano cy’ihazabu yari yahanishijwe kingana na 10.000.000Frw, maze agahanishwa ihazabu ingana na miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000 Frw). [20] Ku birebana n’uko Tuyishime Pacifique asaba ko igihano yahabwa cyasubikwa kuko yamaze kugororoka, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga ibyo asaba atabihabwa kubera ko igihano

3 Iteganya ko “igihano cy’ihazabu gishobora kugabanywa kugeza kuri kimwe cya kane cy’igihano cy’ihazabu gito giteganyirijwe icyaha cyakozwe”

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cy’imyaka 15 yahanishijwe kirengeje imyaka itanu, mu gihe nyamara isubikagihano ari icyemezo cy’urukiko gihagarika irangizarubanza ku gihano itegeko riteganyiriza igifungo kitarengeje imyaka itanu (5) nk’uko biteganywa n’ingingo ya 64, igika cya 1 y’itegeko riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange ryahivuzwe haruguru. [21] Hashingiwe ku byasobanuwe haruguru n’ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 2 y’itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka icumi n’itanu (15) Tuyishime Pacifique yahanishijwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, aricyo gihano gito giteganywa n’itegeko ashobora guhabwa mu gihe agabanyirijwe, bityo uru Rukiko rukaba rudashobora kukijya munsi yacyo. Rurasanga ariko rwamugabanyiriza ihazabu, ikava kuri miliyoni icumi (10.000.000 Frw) yari yahanishijwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, ikaba miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000 Frw). III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [22] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Tuyishime Pacifique bufite ishingiro kuri bimwe; [23] Rwemeje ko imikirize y’urubanza RPA 00265/2022/HC/RSZ, rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rusizi ku wa 27/03/2024 ihindutse gusa ku birebana n’igihano cy’ihazabu; [24] Rwemeje ko Tuyishime Pacifique ahanishijwe igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu ya miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000 Frw). [25] Ruvuze ko Tuyishime Pacifique asonewe amagarama y'urubanza kuko aburana afunze.