UBUSHINJACYAHA v. IRADUKUNDA

# UBUSHINJACYAHA v. IRADUKUNDA

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2025-01-30 - Case/document no.: RPAA 00337/2024/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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UBUSHINJACYAHA v. IRADUKUNDA [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RPAA 00337/2024/CA (Kanyange, P.J.) 30 Mutarama 2025] Amategeko agenga imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha – Kugabanya igihano iyo hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha – Kuba uwakoze icyaha yaragikoze aribwo akiva mu bwana byafatwa nk’impamvu nyoroshyacyaha yatuma nta cyabuza Urukiko kugabanya igihano hagamijwe gutanga igihano gihwanye n’uburemere bw’icyaha cyakozwe kabone nubwo ubujurire bwaba budafite ishingiro. Incamake y’ikibazo: Iradukunda Eric yakurikiranyweho n’ubushinjacyaha icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana w’imyaka 7 bumuregera Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Muhanga busaba ko ahamwa n’icyaha, agahanishwa igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu. Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Muhanga rwaciye urubanza rwemeza ko ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25). Iradukunda yajuririye mu Rukiko Rukuru Urugero rwa Nyanza avuga ko yemera icyaha, ko n’inyito y’icyaha yahindurwa kikaba ubwinjiracyaha bw’icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana, ariko mu mwanzuro w’inyongera no mu miburanire avuga ko atemera icyaha yahamijwe, ko ibyo yemeye mbere byatewe n’ubwoba n’igitutu yashyizweho yizezwa kurekurwa agasubira mu ishuri. Urukiko Rukuru Urugereko rwa Nyanza rwaciye urubanza rwemeza ko ubujurire bwa Iradukunda nta shingiro bufite, ko imikirize y’urubanza rwajuririwe idahindutse. Iradukunda yajuririye mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire avuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rwagumishijeho urubanza rwa mbere rubishingiye ku kuba yaremeye icyaha kandi ntacyo yakoze nk’uko raporo ya muganga yabigaragaje. Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko ubujurire bwe butahabwa agaciro kuko ntacyo anenga urubanza yajuririye, bityo ko imikirize yarwo yagumaho. Incamake y’ikibazo: Kuba uwakoze icyaha yaragikoze aribwo akiva mu bwana byafatwa nk’impamvu nyoroshyacyaha yatuma nta cyabuza Urukiko kugabanya igihano hagamijwe gutanga igihano gihwanye n’uburemere bw’icyaha cyakozwe kabone nubwo ubujurire bwaba budafite ishingiro. Ubujurire nta shingiro bufite. Imikirize y’urubanza rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru Urugereko rwa Nyanza, ihindutse kubirebana n’igihano. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko No 027/2019 ryo ku wa 19/09/2019 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha, ingingo ya 183 Imanza zifashishijwe:

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RPAA 00039/2021/CA; Ubushinjacyaha vs Shakabatenda Jean de Dieu rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 02/07/2021; RPAA 00300/2024/CA; Ubushinjacyaha vs Nshimiyimana Nicolas rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 20/12/2024.

Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Ku wa 25/06/2020, Iradukunda Eric yaketsweho gusambanya umwana w’imyaka irindwi (7) wahawe izina rya T.L mu manza zabanje amusanze aho yahiraga ubwatsi bw’inkwavu akamuterura amushuka ko ari kumwumvisha umunyenga akamujyana ahantu hiherereye mu rutoki akamusambanya, bimenyekana ubwo nyina yabonaga atameze neza akamubaza ibyamubayeho akamubwira ko Eric yamusambanyije, iperereza rihita ritangira. [2] Nyuma y’iperereza, Ubushinjacyaha bwamureze mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Muhanga bumukurikiranyeho icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana, bushingiye ku bimenyetso bigizwe n’imvugo z’uwo mwana, imvugo za nyina, iz’abatangabuhamya hamwe na raporo ya muganga, bumusabira igifungo cya burundu. [3] Iradukunda Eric yireguye avuga ko yemera icyaha akurikiranweho nk’uko yanacyemeye mu nzego z’iperereza, avuga ariko ko atinjije igitsina mu cy’umwana ahubwo yakubye inyuma. [4] Urukiko rwaciye urubanza RP 00647/2020/TGI/MHG ku wa 25/08/2020, rusanga Iradukunda Eric yarakoze icyaha akurikiranweho kubera ko yacyemeye akanasobanura uko yagikoze, hakaba n’ubuhamya bushimangira ibyo yemeye butuma uko kwemera gufatwa nk’ukugaragaza ukuri kw’ibyo yakoze, rusanga ariko atahanishwa igifungo cya burundu yasabiwe n’Ubushinjacyaha kuko hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha zigizwe no kuba ari ubwa mbere ahamwe n’icyaha, kuba yararanzwe no kwemera icyaha mu buryo budashidikanywa no kuba nta ngaruka zikomeye icyaha cyateje, maze rwemeza ko ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25). [5] Iradukunda Eric yajuriye mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza avuga ko yahawe igihano kinini kandi yaraburanye yemera icyaha, ko n’inyito y’icyaha yahindurwa kikaba ubwinjiracyaha bw’icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana, ariko mu mwanzuro w’inyongera no mu miburanire avuga ko atemera icyaha yahamijwe, ko ibyo yemeye mbere byatewe n’ubwoba n’igitutu yashyizweho yizezwa kurekurwa agasubira mu ishuri. [6] Ubushinjacyaha bwasubije ko ibivugwa na Iradukunda Eric bitahabwa agaciro kuko yemeye icyaha igihe cy’iperereza no mu Rukiko ku rwego rwa mbere akomeza kucyemera. [7] Urukiko rwaciye urubanza RPA 00847/2020/HC/NYZ ku wa 19/04/2024, rusanga Iradukunda Eric yarahamijwe icyaha hashingiwe ku bimenyetso Urukiko rwagaragaje, naho iby’uko inyito y’icyaha yahinduka kikitwa ubwinjiracyaha mu cyaha cyo gusambanya umwana, rusanga n’ubwo yisubiyeho akavuga ko atabyemera, nta shingiro bifite, kuko abishingira ku kuba

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atarinjije igitsina mu cy’umwana nyamara ibikorwa yakoze ubwabyo bigize icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana nk’uko itegeko ribivuga. [8] Naho ku birebana n’impamvu yatanze mu myanzuro y’inyongera (y’uko atemera icyaha yahamijwe, ko ibyo yemeye mbere byatewe n’ubwoba n’igitutu yashyizweho), rwasanze itakwakirwa kuko yatanzwe nyuma y’ibihe byo kujurira kandi ikaba ituzuza cyangwa ngo isobanure iyatanzwe mbere, maze rwemeza ko ubujurire bwe nta shingiro bufite, ko imikirize y’urubanza rwajuririwe idahindutse. [9] Iradukunda Eric yatanze ubujurire bwa kabiri mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, urubanza rwandikwa kuri RPAA 00337/2024/CA, ruhabwa itariki yo kuburanishwa yo ku wa 07/01/2025, uwo munsi ruburanishwa yunganiwe na Me Mukwende Milimo Olivier, Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na Bunyoye Grâce, Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’Igihugu. [10] Mu myanzuro y’ubujurire no mu miburanire, Iradukunda Eric n’umwunganira bavuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rwagumishijeho urubanza rwa mbere rubishingiye ku kuba yaremeye icyaha kandi ntacyo yakoze nk’uko raporo ya muganga yabigaragaje. [11] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ibyo Iradukunda Eric ashingiraho ubujurire bwe bitahabwa agaciro kuko ntacyo anenga urubanza yajuririye, bityo ko imikirize yarwo yagumaho. [12] Ikibazo kigomba gusuzumwa muri uru rubanza ni ukumenya niba Urukiko rutaragombaga gushingira ku kwemera icyaha kwa Iradukunda Eric kuko na raporo ya muganga igaragaza ko umwana atasambanyijwe II. ISESENGURA RY’IKIBAZO KIGIZE URUBANZA Kumenya niba Urukiko rutaragombaga gushingira ku kwemera icyaha kwa Iradukunda Eric [13] Iradukunda Eric avuga ko yajuriye kugira ngo arenganurwe, kuko ibyo yaburanishije byateshejwe agaciro kandi yaragaragaje ko yemeye icyaha kubera ubwoba, gukubitwa no kutamenya iby’ubutabera bitewe nuko yari akiri muto, n’umugenzacyaha amwizeza ko niyemera icyaha azamuhanisha imyaka 2 agahita yitahira, ko kandi na raporo ya muganga igaragaza ko umwana atasambanyijwe, ko rero byashingirwaho akagirwa umwere. Me Mukwende Milimo Olivier we avuga ko bigaragara ko uwo yunganira ntacyo anenga urubanza rujuririrwa bitewe nuko ku rwego rwa mbere yemeye icyaha anajurira yemera ariko nyuma atanga imyanzuro avuga ko yemeye icyaha ashutswe. [14] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko ibyo Iradukunda Eric ashingiraho ubujurire bwe bitahabwa agaciro, kuko yahamijwe icyaha hashingiwe ku bimenyetso birimo kuba yaracyiyemereye ko kandi uko kwemera atagukoreye gusa mu Bugenzacyaha kuko yanacyemeye mu Bugenzacyaha no mu iburanisha ku rwego rwa mbere ndetse no mu mwanzuro w’ubujurire mu Rukiko Rukuru, ko kandi umurongo wafashwe n’Inkiko ari uko kwemera icyaha mu iperereza ukagihakana mu rukiko ubwabyo bidatesha agaciro uko kwemera kwakozwe, ko ndetse na raporo ya muganga atari cyo kimenyetso kamara ku birebana n’icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana.

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UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [15] Ingingo ya 183 y’itegeko No 027/2019 ryo ku wa 19/09/2019 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha, ivuga ko mu byo uwajuriye agomba kugaragaza harimo inenge ziri mu rubanza zisabirwa gukosorwa n’ibisobanuro bigaragaza amakosa yakozwe n’uburyo agomba gukosorwa hashingiwe ku mategeko n’ibimenyetso. [16] Dosiye igaragaza ko ku rwego rwa mbere Iradukunda Eric yaburanye yemera ko yasambanyije T.L nk’uko yari yabyemeye mu nzego z’iperereza agasobanura uburyo yagikoze, Urukiko rubishingiraho nk’ikimenyetso kimushinja icyaha akurikiranweho kuko hari n’ubuhamya bushimangira ukuri kw’ibyo yemeye, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25). [17] Bigaragara ko mu Rukiko Rukuru, Iradukunda Eric yajuriye avuga ko yahawe igihano kiremereye kandi yaremeye icyaha, anasaba ko inyito y’icyaha yahinduka kikaba ubwinjiracyaha bwo gusambanya umwana, ariko mu mwanzuro w’inyongera no mu miburanire avuga ko nta cyaha yakoze, ko ibyo yemeye mbere byatewe n’ubwoba n’igitutu yashyizweho yizezwa ko arekurwa agasubira mu ishuri, ko n’imvugo z’abamushinja zitagombaga gushingirwaho, ko na rapro ya muganga igaragaza ko umwana atasambanyijwe. [18] Urukiko rwasanze Iradukunda Eric yarahamijwe icyaha hashingiwe ku bimenyetso bikimuhamya Urukiko rwagaragaje, ko kandi usibye ibyo bimenyetso, kuba yaremeye icyaha igihe cy’iperereza agasobanura uko yagikoze, agakomeza kucyemera mu iburanisha ku rwego rwa mbere, ubwabyo byari bihagije kugira ngo hemezwe ko yagikoze, ko iby’uko inyito y’icyaha yahinduka kikitwa ubwinjiracyaha mu cyaha cyo gusambanya umwana (n’ubwo yisubiyeho akavuga ko atabyemera), nta shingiro bifite, kuko abishingira ku kuba atarinjije igitsina mu cy’umwana nyamara ibikorwa yakoze ubwabyo bigize icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana harebwe ibikorwa bigize icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana nk’uko itegeko ribiteganya, harimo gukorera ku mubiri w’umwana igikorwa cyose hagamijwe ishimishamubiri. [19] Ku birebana n’izindi mpamvu Iradukunda Eric yatanze mu mwanzuro w’inyongera, harimo iyo kuba yaremeye icyaha kubera igitutu, irebana n’ubuhamya bwashingiweho n’ibyagaragajwe na raporo ya muganga, rwasanze uwo mwanzuro utakwakirwa kuko watanzwe impitagihe kandi ukaba utuzuza cyangwa ngo usobanure uwatanzwe mu gihe cyemewe cyo kujurira. [20] Hashingiwe ku mwanzuro w’ubujurire n’imiburanire bya Iradukunda Eric, Urukiko rurasanga ibyo anenga imikirize y’urubanza ajuririra bishingiye ku mpamvu yari yatanze mu mwanzuro w’inyongera utarasuzumwe n’Urukiko Rukuru kuko rwasanze yarawutanze nyuma y’ibihe by’ubujurire kandi utuzuza cyangwa ngo usobanure uwo yatanze mu bihe byemewe, akaba rero atabitanga nk’inenge ku rubanza yajuririye mu gihe ubujurire bwe butagamije kugaragaza ikosa urwo Rukiko rwakoze mu kwanga gusuzuma impamvu yatanze mu mwanzuro w’inyongera, bivuze rero ko ntacyo anenga urubanza yajuririye, bityo ubujurire bwe bugamije kugaragaza ko Urukiko rutagombaga gushingira ku kwemera icyaha yakoze, ku mvugo z’abatangabuhamya no ku byagaragajwe na raporo ya muganga, nta shingiro bifite. [21] Urukiko rurasanga ariko nubwo ubujurire bwe nta shingiro bufite, hasuzumwa ibirebana n’igihano yahawe kugira ngo harebwe niba gikwiranye n’uburemere bw’icyaha yakoze nk’uko

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byatanzweho umurongo mu rubanza RPAA 00039/2021/CA rwaciwe ku wa 02/07/2021 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Shakabatenda Jean de Dieu, wanakurikijwe mu zindi manza zaciwe vuba harimo urubanza RPAA 00300/2024/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 20/12/2024 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Nshimiyimana Nicolas. [22] Nk’uko imikirize y’urubanza rwajuririwe ibigaragaza, Urukiko Rukuru rwagumijeho igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25) Iradukunda Eric yahanishijwe ku rwego rwa mbere, icyo gihano kikaba cyaragenwe hashingiwe ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha zigizwe no kuba ari ubwa mbere akurikiranweho icyaha, kuba yaremeye icyaha mu buryo budashidikanywa no kuba nta ngaruka zikomeye icyaha cyateje. [23] Urukiko rurasanga ariko nubwo Iradukunda Eric yagabanyirijwe igihano hashingiwe ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha zibukijwe haruguru, Urukiko rutarahaye agaciro imyaka yari afite kuko bigaragara ko yakoze icyaha akiva mu bwana afite imyaka cumi n’icyenda (19), iyo mpamvu rero ikaba yashingirwaho igihano yahawe kikongera kikagabanywa. [24] Ku birebana n’uburyo icyo gihano cyagabanywa, mu manza zaciwe ku bantu barezwe icyaha nk’icyo Iradukunda Eric akurikiranweho, nk’urubanza RPAA 00410/2022/CA rwaciwe ku wa 20/12/2024 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Iradukunda Jean d’Amour nawe wari ufite imyaka cumi n’icyenda (19) agasambanya umwana w’imyaka irindwi (7), wagabanyirijwe igihano mu bujurire bwa mbere hashingiwe ku kuba yaremeye icyaha, kuba ari ubwa mbere akurikiranweho icyaha no kuba icyaha nta ngaruka zikomeye cyateje, mu bujurire bwa kabiri hiyongeraho impamvu y’uko yakoze icyaha akiva mu bwana, ahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15); bityo no ku birebana na Iradukunda Eric, hashingiwe ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha zashingiweho mu bujurire bwa mbere no kuba nawe yarakoze icyaha akiva mu bwana, bombi bagabanyirizwa ibihano mu buryo bumwe mu rwego rwo gutanga ubutabera busa ku bibazo bisa, nawe agahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15), bityo urubanza rwajuririwe rukaba ruhindutse gusa ku birebana n’igihano Iradukunda Eric yari yahanishijwe.

II. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [25] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Iradukunda Eric nta shingiro bufite ; [26] Rwemeje ko imikirize y’urubanza RPA 00847/2020/HC/NYZ rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza ku wa 19/04/2024, ihindutse gusa ku birebana n’igihano ; [27] Ruhanishije Iradukunda Eric igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) ; [28] Rutegetse ko amagarama y’urubanza aherera ku Isanduku ya Leta kuko Iradukunda Eric yajuriye afunze, akaba asonewe kuyatanga.