UBUSHINJACYAHA v. NZAMWITAKUZE

# UBUSHINJACYAHA v. NZAMWITAKUZE

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2025-01-31 - Case/document no.: RPAA00409/2024/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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UBUSHINJACYAHA v. NZAMWITAKUZE [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RPAA00409/2024/CA (Gakwaya, J. P.) 31 Mutarama 2025] Amategeko agenga imanza nshinjabyaha – Icyaha cy’ubwicanyi – Kugabanyirizwa igihano – Impamvu nyoroshyacyaha – Kwemera icyaha – Urukiko ntirutegetswe kwemeza impamvu nyoroshyacyaha igihe cyose zigaragajwe, ngo rugabanyirize uregwa igihano, ahubwo ruzemeza mu bushishozi bwarwo, kandi rukaba rushobora kwanga no kuzemeza nk’impamvu ngabanya gihano, rurebye imikorere y’icyaha uregwa akurikiranweho cyangwa uburyo cyakozwemo. Incamake y’ikibazo: Ubushinjacyaha bwareze Nzamwitakuze mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Muhanga rumukurikiranyeho icyaha cyo kwica Se wabo, kuko yamukubise ikintu mu gahanga no mu mutwe agwa hasi agaramye ahita apfa. Ubushinjacyaha bwamusabiye ko ahamwa n’icyaha cy’ubwicanyi, agahanishwa igifungo cya burundu. Nzamwitakuze yaburanye yemera icyaha aregwa, ariko akavuga ko atari agambiriye kwica Se wabo, ko yamwishe amunize, atari umuhoro yamukubise kuko ntacyo bapfaga, asaba ko yagabanyirizwa igihano. Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwaciye urubanza rwemeza ko Uregwa ahamwa n’icyaha cy’ubwicanyi, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka myakumyabiri n’itanu aho kumuhanisha igifungo cya burundu rushingiye ku kuba ari ubwa mbere yarakoze icyo cyaha ndetse akaba yaraburanye yemera ko yagikoze. Uregwa yajuririye mu Rukiko Rukuru, urugereko rwa Nyanza, asaba ko yagabanyirizwa igihano yahawe ku rwego rwa mbere, kuko ari ubwa mbere yari agikoze ndetse akaba atarishe Se wabo ku bushake ahubwo ari impanuka yagize ubwo yakoreshaga imbaraga z’umurengera agerageza gukiza abarwanaga mu kabari. Ubu bujurire bw’Uregwa ntibwahawe agaciro kuko Urukiko Rukuru rwemeje ko icyo gihano kigumaho kubera ubugome bukabije yagikoranye kandi akaba yaragabanyirijwe igihano bihagije. Uregwa yongeye ajuririra uru Rukiko rw’Ubujurire avuga ko yemeranya n’ikirego cy’Ubushinjacyaha, kuko uko buvuga imikorere y’icyaha ariko byagenze ntacyo bumuhimbira. Avuga ko n’ubwo mu Nkiko zabanje yaranzwe no kwemera icyaha ibice ariko nyuma akaza kwemera neza ko yakoze icyaha cy’ubugome cyo kwica Se wabo ntacyo amuhoye, yasabye uru Rukiko rw’Ubujurire ko rwaca inkoni izamba, rutitaye ku miburanire ye ya mbere, rukamugabanyiriza igihano yahawe n’Inkiko zabanje. Muri uru rubanza, Uregwa yakomeje gusaba kongera kugabanyirizwa igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu yakatiwe n’Inkiko zabanje ashingiye ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha agaragaza yo kwemera icyo cyaha cy’ubwicanyi ashinjwa. Avuga ko Urukiko rwashingira ku Itegeko rishya riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ryasohotse urubanza rwe ruratacibwa burundu, kuko ariryo riteganya igihano cyoroheje, maze rukamugabanyiriza icyo gihano. Ubushinjacyaha bwo buvuga ko ubwo bujurire bw’Uregwa nta shingiro bukwiye guhabwa, ukurikije uburemere n’ubugome yakoranye icyo cyaha, aho yishe Se wabo amuhoye ko amubujije kwica murumuna we, akaba agomba kubihanirwa na cyane ko nta Tegeko rihatira Umucamanza kugabanyiriza uregwa igihano kuko yemera icyaha. Buvuga kandi ko Uregwa atakongera kugabanyirizwa igihano kuko yabihawe, agahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu, aho guhanishwa igifungo cya burundu. Incamake y’icyemezo: Urukiko ntirutegetswe kwemeza impamvu nyoroshyacyaha igihe cyose zigaragajwe, ngo rugabanyirize uregwa igihano, ahubwo ruzemeza mu bushishozi bwarwo, kandi rukaba rushobora kwanga no kuzemeza nk’impamvu ngabanya gihano, rurebye imikorere y’icyaha uregwa akurikiranweho cyangwa uburyo cyakozwemo. Ubujurire nta shingiro bufite. Amagarama aherera ku Isanduku ya Leta.

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Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 4/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ingingo ya 2. Imanza zifashishijwe: RPAA0021/14/CS-RPAA0022/14/CS, Ubushinjacyaha na Uzabakiriho, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 13/10/2017. RPA0249/13/CS, Ubushinjacyaha v. Nteziryayo, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 25/11/2016. RPAA00579/2022/CA, Ubushinjacyaha na Habumugisha Alphonse rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 28/2/2024. RPAA00312/2021/CA, Ubushinjacyaha na Mbonabucya Donatien rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 29/7/2022. RPA00060/2021/CA, Ubushinjacyaha na Nsabimana Callixte alias Sankara na bagenzi be, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 4/4/2022. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Ku wa 19/10/2020 saa moya z’ijoro (19h00), Nzamwitakuze Protais yishe se wabo witwa Niyoyita Faustin amukubise ikintu mu gahanga no mu gatuza, yitura hasi agaramye ahita apfa, amuhoye ko yari atabaye murumuna we witwa Nsengimana Oscar yashakaga kwica. [2] Iperereza rirangiye, Ubushinjacyaha bwareze Nzamwitakuze Protais mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Muhanga icyaha cy’Ubwicanyi, busaba ko cyamuhama, agahanishwa igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu, hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 107 y’Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange. [3] Nzamwitakuze Protais yaburanye avuga ko yemera icyaha aregwa cyo kwica Niyoyita Faustin, ariko ko atari ibintu yari yagambiriye, ko ndetse yamwishe amunize, atari umuhoro yamukubise, asaba kugabanyirizwa igihano kuko nta kintu bapfaga. [4] Mu rubanza RP01064/2020/TGI/MHG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Muhanga ku wa 4/11/2020, rushingiye ku mvugo ya Nzamwitakuze Protais waburanye yemera icyaha, ku mvugo z’abatangabuhamya batandukanye bamushinja ko ariwe wishe nyakwigendera, zishimangirwa na raporo y’Ubuyobozi, ku nyandikomvugo y’ifatira y’umuhoro yashakaga gutemesha murumuna we, ndetse n’inyandikomvugo y’ibyo Umugenzacyaha yabonye (P.V. de constat) igaragaza ko umurambo wa nyakwigendera Niyoyita Faustin wagarazaga ko yakubiswe ikintu mu gahanga hejuru y’ijisho, rwemeje ko ahamwa n’icyaha cy’ubwicanyi, ariko kubera ko ari ubwa mbere akurikiranwaho icyaha kandi akaba yaraburanye acyemera, akwiye kugabanyirizwa igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu yagombaga guhanishwa, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka myakumyabiri n’itanu (25). [5] Nzamwitakuze Protais yajuririye Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza asaba kugabanyirizwa igihano kuko ari ubwa mbere yari akoze icyaha no kuba atarishe se wabo Niyoyita Faustin ku bushake, ahubwo ari impanuka yagize ubwo yakoreshaga imbaraga z’umurengera agerageza gukiza abarwanaga mu kabari.

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[6] Mu rubanza RPA01044/2020/HC/NYZ rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza ku wa 29/4/2024, rushingiye ku murongo watanzwe mu rubanza RPAA00579/2022/CA1 rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 28/2/2024, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Habumugisha Alphonse no kuba ku rwego rwa mbere Nzamwitakuze Protais yaragombaga guhanishwa igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu, ariko akaba yaragabanyirijwe icyo gihano kuko ari ubwa mbere yari akoze icyaha no kuba yaraburanye acyemera, rwemeje ko rudategetswe kongera kumugabanyiriza igihano n’ubwo yaburanye yemera icyaha, kubera ubugome bukabije yagikoranye kandi akaba yaragabanyirijwe igihano bihagije, ko rero igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25) yahanishijwe kigomba kugumaho. [7] Ku wa 1/5/2024, Nzamwitakuze Protais yajuririye Urukiko rw’Ubujurire, avuga ko yemeranya n’ikirego cy’Ubushinjacyaha kuko uko buvuga imikorere y’icyaha ariko byagenze ntacyo bumuhimbira, ko n’ubwo mu Nkiko zabanje yaranzwe no kwemera icyaha ibice, ahakana ko atamutegeye mu nzira ariko nyuma yo kumva ko yakoze icyaha cy’ubugome akamwica ntacyo amuhoye, asaba uru Rukiko guha agaciro ukwemera icyaha kwe hatitawe ku miburanire ye ya mbere, akaba asaba ko rwaca inkoni izamba rukamugabanyiriza igihano. [8] Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko impamvu y’ubujurire bwa Nzamwitakuze Protais ishingiye ku gusaba kugabanyirizwa igihano nta shingiro ifite harebwe uburemere bw’icyaha yakoze n’ubugome yagikoranye yica se wabo, amuhoye ko amubujije kwica murumuna we, ko rero akwiye kubihanirwa na cyane ko nta Tegeko rihatira Umucamanza kugabanyiriza uregwa igihano kuko yemera icyaha. [9] Urubanza rwahawe RPAA00409/2024/CA, ruburanishwa ku wa 9/1/2025, Nzamwitakuze Protais yunganiwe na Me Uzabakiriho Irénée, Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na Niyonkuru Françoise, Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’Igihugu. [10] Harebwe imyanzuro n’imiburanire y’ababuranyi yo ku wa 9/1/2025, ikibazo kizasuzumwa muri uru rubanza ni ukumenya niba Nzamwitakuze Protais yakongera kugabanyirizwa igihano, hashingiwe ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha yo kwemera icyaha agaragaza. II. ISESENGURA RY’IKIBAZO KIGIZE URUBANZA Kumenya niba Nzamwitakuze Protais yakongera kugabanyirizwa igihano hashingiwe ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha yo kwemera icyaha agaragaza [11] Nzamwitakuze Protais avuga ko yemeranya n’ikirego cy’Ubushinjacyaha kuko uko buvuga imikorere y’icyaha ariko byagenze ntacyo bumuhimbira, ko yakubise se wabo Niyoyita Faustin kuko yari amaze kumukiranura n’umuvandimwe we na nyuma yaho ajya kumutegera mu nzira aramukubita bimuviramo urupfu, n’ubwo mu Nkiko zabanje yaranzwe no kwemera icyaha ibice, ahakana ko atamutegeye mu nzira, ariko nyuma yo kumva ko yakoze icyaha cy’ubugome akamwica ntacyo amuhoye, asaba uru Rukiko guha agaciro ukwemera icyaha kwe hatitawe ku miburanire ye ya mbere kuko ubu aribwo avuga ukuri, ko kuba mbere yaraburanye yemera icyaha ku buryo butuzuye bitari ugushaka guhunga icyaha nkana, ahubwo yumvaga ko kuba yemera ko urupfu rwa se wabo rwamuturutseho kuko yamukubise, bihagije. Akaba asaba ko uru Rukiko rwaca inkoni izamba rukamugabanyiriza igihano rushingiye ku Itegeko rishya ryasohotse urubanza rwe ruratacibwa burundu kuko ariryo riteganya igihano cyoroheje. [12] Mu iburanisha, Nzamwitakuze Protais yavuze ko kuva na mbere yaburanye yemera icyaha ariko Urukiko rumuhanisha igihano kirekire, akaba ariyo mpamvu yajuriye kugira ngo asabe kugabanyirizwa igihano kuko akeneye kwiteza imbere.

1 Rwemeje ko uregwa atongera kugabanyirizwa igihano, iyo mu bujurire Urukiko rusanga yarabigabanyirijwe bihagije, harebwe uburemere bw’icyaha n’uburyo icyaha cyakozwemo.

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[13] Me Uzabakiriho Irénée, wunganira Nzamwitakuze Protais, avuga ko igihano yahanishijwe ari kinini cyane, akaba asaba ko nawe yagabanyirizwa icyo yahawe hashingiwe ku mirongo yatanzwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire mu manza zitandukanye, aho rwemeje ko nta cyabuza Urukiko rwajuririwe kongera kugabanya igihano mu gihe rusanga igihano cyatanzwe n’Urukiko rubanza kitaragabanyijwe mu buryo buhagije ubirebeye hamwe n’uburemere bw’icyaha cyakozwe. Avuga kandi ko mu kumugabanyiriza igihano, rwanashingira ku ngingo ya 2 y’Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 4/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange. [14] Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko impamvu y’ubujurire bwa Nzamwitakuze Protais ishingiye ku gusaba kugabanyirizwa igihano, nta shingiro ikwiye guhabwa harebwe uburemere bw’icyaha yakoze n’ubugome yagikoranye, yica se wabo amuhoye ko amubujije kwica murumuna we, akaba agomba kubihanirwa na cyane ko nta Tegeko rihatira Umucamanza kugabanyiriza uregwa igihano kuko yemera icyaha. Buvuga kandi ko kuba yari guhanishwa igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu, ariko akaba yarakigabanyirijwe, igihano yahawe gikwiye, akaba atasaba kongera kukigabanyirizwa nk’uko byemejwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga mu rubanza RPA0249/13/CS rwaciwe ku wa 25/11/2016, rwagaragaje ko ntawasaba kongera kugabanyirizwa igihano mu gihe mu Rukiko rubanza yakigabanyirijwe bihagije, ndetse agahabwa igihano gikwiranye n’icyaha yakoze2. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [15] Impaka muri uru rubanza zishingiye ku kumenya niba Nzamwitakuze Protais yakongera kugabanyirizwa igihano, hashingiwe ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha yo kwemera icyaha agaragaza. [16] Nk’uko byemejwe mu rubanza RPAA0021/14/CS-RPAA0022/14/CS rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 13/10/2017, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Uzabakiriho3, Urukiko ntirutegetswe kwemeza impamvu nyoroshyacyaha igihe cyose zigaragajwe, ngo rugabanyirize uregwa igihano, ahubwo ruzemeza mu bushishozi bwarwo, kandi rukaba rushobora kwanga no kuzemeza nk’impamvu ngabanya gihano, rurebye imikorere y’icyaha uregwa akurikiranweho cyangwa uburyo cyakozwemo, uyu murongo ukaba waranagendeweho n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ruca izindi manza zitandukanye nk’urubanza RPAA00312/2021/CA rwaciwe ku wa 29/7/2022, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Mbonabucya Donatien4. [17] Nk’uko kandi byemejwe mu rubanza RPA00060/2021/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 4/4/2022, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Nsabimana Callixte alias Sankara na bagenzi be5, iyo uregwa nta kindi anenga urubanza yajuririye, uretse kuvuga gusa ko atagabanyirijwe igihano bihagije, buri Mucamanza ku rwego urwo arirwo rwose, yemerewe gutanga igihano mu bushishozi bwe kijyanye n’uburemere bw’icyaha n’ingaruka zacyo (……), cyakora mu bujurire Umucamanza akaba agomba kuzirikana ko yemerewe gusa guhindura igihano cyatanzwe n’Umucamanza wo mu Rukiko rubanza ari uko amaze kugaragaza ko urwo Rukiko rwaba rwarakoresheje nabi Itegeko cyangwa ubushishozi bwarwo mu gutanga igihano. [18] Mu gace ka cumi na kabiri (12) n’aka cumi na gatatu (13) tw’urubanza rujuririrwa, Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza rwagaragaje ko ku rwego rwa mbere Nzamwitakuze Protais yahamijwe icyaha cy’ubwicanyi, akaba yaragombaga guhanishwa igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu, ariko kubera ko

2Urubanza RPA0249/13/CS rwo ku wa 25 Ugushyingo 2016, Urukiko rwemeje ko impamvu nyoroshyacyaha zitaweho n’inkiko zibanza zitongera gushingirwaho mu kugabanya ibihano (Icyegeranyo cy’ibyemezo by’Inkiko, RLR.V.2, 2014, P.121). 3Reba urubanza RPAA0021/14/CS-RPAA0022/14/CS rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 13/10/201, mu cyegeranyo cy’ibyemezo by’Inkiko ({2018} 4 RLR). 4 Reba urubanza RPAA00312/2021/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 29/7/2022, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Mbonabucya Donatien, mu gika cyarwo cya 20. 5 Reba urubanza RPA00060/2021/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 4/4/2022, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Nsabimana Callixte na bagenzi be, mu gika cya 252 na 254.

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bwari ubwa mbere akoze icyaha kandi akaba yaraburanye acyemera, bimubera impamvu zoroshya ububi bw’icyo cyaha, zinashingirwaho agabanyirizwa igihano. Rwemeza rero ko yishe se wabo abishaka kandi yabiteguye kuko nyuma y’uko bamwambuye umuhoro ashaka kuwutemesha murumuna we, yakomeje umujinya agenda avuga ko yica Niyoyita Faustin cyangwa akica Bakuzakundi, n’ubwo bamubujije gutema umuvandimwe we, aza kumusanga aho yanyweraga ubushera aramuniga akizwa n’abandi, nabwo ntiyanyurwa ajya kumutegera mu nzira, amukubita ikintu mu gahanga no mu gatuza aramwica. Rwanzura ko ibyo bigaragaza ko icyaha kitamugwiririye nk’uko yabivugaga, kandi ko rudategetswe kongera kumugabanyiriza igihano, harebwe ubugome bukabije yakoranye icyaha, ndetse akaba yaragabanyirijwe igihano bihagije. [19] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga nk’uko byagarutsweho haruguru, mu miburanire ya Nzamwitakuze Protais nta kindi anenga urubanza ajuririra uretse kuvuga ko atagabanyirijwe igihano bihagije kandi yaraburanye yemera icyaha, nyamara mu gace kabanziriza aka bigaragara ko mu mpamvu zatumye adahanishwa igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu, harimo no kuba yaraburanye yemera icyaha, kandi iyo miburanire ye irebewe hamwe n’ibisobanuro Urukiko rwatanze mu kutongera kumugabanyiriza igihano, mu bushishozi bwarwo rukabihuza n’izindi mpamvu rwagaragaje rukabona ko icyo yahawe aricyo gikwiye; ibyo byose, uru Rukiko narwo rubirebeye hamwe n’imirongo rwagaragaje haruguru no kuba Nzamwitakuze Protais atagaragaza amakosa mu gukoresha amategeko cyangwa ubushishozi byaba byarakozwe mu rubanza ajuririra, nta mpamvu yatuma urubanza ajuririra ruhinduka ku birebana n’igihano ajurira avuga ko ari kirekire, uretse n’ibyo uru Rukiko rwemeranya n’Urukiko Rukuru ko igihano yahawe gikwiranye n’icyaha yakoze, bityo iyi mpamvu ye y’ubujurire nta shingiro ifite. [20] Kubera ibisobanuro byose bitanzwe haruguru, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga ubujurire bwa Nzamwitakuze Protais bushingiye ku gusaba kongera kugabanyirizwa igihano nta shingiro bufite, igihano yahawe cy’igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25) kikaba kigomba kugumaho. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [21] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwatanzwe na Nzamwitakuze Protais nta shingiro bufite. [22] Rwemeje ko nta gihindutse ku rubanza RPA01044/2020/HC/NYZ, rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza ku wa 29/4/2024. [23] Rwemeje ko igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25) Nzamwitakuze Protais yahanishijwe, kigumyeho. [24] Rutegetse ko amagarama y’urubanza aherera ku Isanduku ya Leta.