UBUSHINJACYAHA v UWAYEZU

# UBUSHINJACYAHA v UWAYEZU

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2025-02-15 - Case/document no.: RPAA 00251/2024/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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UBUSHINJACYAHA v UWAYEZU [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE - RPAA 00251/2024/CA (Rutazana, P.J.) 15 Gashyantare 2025] Amategeko agenga imanza z’inshinjabyaha – Ibyaha n’ibihano – Igabanyagihano - Iyo uregwa nta kindi anenga urubanza yajuririye, uretse gusa kuvuga ko atagabanyirijwe igihano bihagije, buri mucamanza ku rwego urwo arirwo rwose, yemerewe gutanga igihano mu bushishozi bwe kijyanye n’uburemere bw’icyaha n’ingaruka zacyo amaze kugaragaza Urukiko rubanza rwaba rwarakoresheje nabi Itegeko cyangwa ubushishozi bwarwo mu gutanga igihano. Incamake y’ikibazo: Ku wa 31/05/2020 mu masaha ya saa moya, Uwayezu yasanze Nizeyimana ahagaze mu kabari azana igiti akimukubita mu mutwe agwa ahasi, bamujyana kwa muganga agezeyo ahita apfa. Uwayezu yarafashwe, Ubushinjacyaha bumurega mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Muhanga icyaha cy’ubwicanyi busaba ko cyamuhama agahanishwa igifungo cya burundu. Uregwa yaburanye yemera icyaha ariko Urukiko rushingiye ku buremere bw’icyaha yakoze, uburyo yagiteguye kubera inzika yari amaranye igihe, rumuhanisha igifungo cya burundu. Yajuriye mu Rukiko Rukuru asaba kugabanyrizwa kuko yaburanye yemera icyaha ariko urwo rukiko narwo rwemeza ko ubujurire bwe nta shingiro bufite. Uregwa yajuririye icyo cyemezo mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire asaba kugabanyirizwa igihano ndetse kigasubikwa, urukiko rusuzuma ikibazo cyo kumenya niba ashobora kugabanyirizwa igihano. Uwayezu asobanura ko yaburanye yemera icyaha kuva agifatwa kandi agisabira imbabazi kuko yabitewe n’ubusinzi ndetse akaba ari ubwa mbere akoze icyaha bityo agabanyirijwe igihano atazongera gukora icyaha. Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko uregwa yakoze icyaha yabigambiriye kandi agikorana ubugome bityo ko Urukiko rwahuza impamvu nkomezacyaha n’impamvu nyoroshyacyaha rukagabanyiriza uregwa agahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka 25. Incamake y’icyemezo: 1. Iyo uregwa nta kindi anenga urubanza yajuririye, uretse gusa kuvuga ko atagabanyirijwe igihano bihagije, buri mucamanza ku rwego urwo arirwo rwose, yemerewe gutanga igihano mu bushishozi bwe kijyanye n’uburemere bw’icyaha n’ingaruka zacyo amaze kugaragaza ko urukiko rubanza rwaba rwarakoresheje nabi itegeko cyangwa ubushishozi bwarwo mu gutanga igihano. Ubujurire bufite ishingiro ku birebana n’igabanyagihano. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange nk’uko ryahinduwe kugeza ubu, ingingo ya 107; Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ingingo ya 2. Imanza zifashishijwe: RPAA 0021/14/CS - RPAA 0022/14/CS, Ubushinjacyaha na Uzabakiriho rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 13/10/2017;

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RPAA 00312/2021/CA, Ubushinjacyaha na Mbonabucya Donatien rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 29/7/2022; RPAA 00230/2023/CA, Ubushinjacyaha na Haramajyambere Siméon, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 20/12/2024; RPAA 00425/2023/CA, Ubushinjacyaha na Baziramwabo Abbas, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 20/12/2024. RPA 00060/2021/CA, Ubushinjacyaha na Nsabimana Callixte alias Sankara n’abandi, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 04/04/2022. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Ku wa 31/05/2020 mu masaha ya saa moya z’ijoro, muri centre ya Ruyezi iherereye mu Mudugudu wa Ruyenzi, Akagari ka Mbuye, Umurenge wa Mbuye, Akarere ka Ruhango mu Ntara y’Amajyepfo, Uwayezu Jean Paul yasanze uwitwa Nizeyimana ahagaze kuri comptoire muri butike y’uwitwa Patrice amuturuka inyuma amukubita mu mutwe igiti yari ashinguye aho cyari cyubakishije urukarabiro (kandagira ukarabe), Nizeyimana ahita yikubita hasi yubitse umutwe atangira kuruka amaraso kandi kuva ubwo ntiyongera kuvuga, abari bahari bagerageza kumujyana kwa muganga ariko bamugezayo yapfuye, Uwayezu Jean Paul atangira gukurikiranwa n’inzego z’ubutabera. [2] Nyuma y’iperereza Ubushinjacyaha bwamureze mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Muhanga bumukurikiranyeho icyaha cy’ubwicanyi, busaba ko kukimuhama agahanishwa igifungo cya burundu; Uwayezu Jean Paul yaburanye yemera icyaha anagisabira imbabazi. [3] Mu rubanza Nº RP 00498/2020/TGI/MHG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Muhanga ku wa 29/06/2020, rushingiye ku mvugo ya Uwayezu Jean Paul wemera ko yakubise Nizeyimana igiti mu mutwe amuturutse inyuma akitura hasi hanyuma agatangira kuruka amaraso, rushingiye kandi ku mvugo z’abatangabuhamya barimo Mukankusi Sylvie, na Rushingabigwi Patrice bari bahari biba, bavuga ko Uwayezu Jean Paul yaguye gitumo nyakwigendera amukubita igiti mu mutwe amuturutse inyuma, no kuri Raporo ya muganga wasuzumye nyakwigendra igaragaza ko yagejejewe kwa muganga umutima wahagaze kandi nta buzima agifite, rwemeje ko Uwayezu Jean Paul ahamwa n’icyaha cy’ubwicanyi ashinjwa rumuhanisha igifungo cya burundu; rwemeje kandi ko icyo gihano kidashobora kugabanywa n’ubwo yemera icyaha, kuko icyaha yakoze ari indengakamere kandi yagikoranye ubugome. [4] Uwayezu Jean Paul yajuririye Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza asaba kugabanyirizwa igihano kandi kigasubikwa kuko yakomeje kwemera icyaha; uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha yaburanye avuga ko ubujurire bwa Uwayezu Jean Paul nta shingiro bufite hashingiwe ku buremere bw’ icyaha yakoze no kuba yaragikoze yakigambiriye. [5] Mu rubanza N° RPA 00610/2020/HC/NYZ rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza ku wa 22/03/2024, rwasanze nk’uko Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Muhanga rwabisobanuye, icyaha Uwayezu Jean Paul aregwa yaragikoranye ubugome kandi yabigambiriye abitewe n’inzika yari afitiye nyakwigendera, akaba nta kindi yari agamije uretse kumuvutsa ubuzima; rusanga

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atagaragaza amakosa cyangwa ukwibeshya kwakozwe mu rubanza yajuririye kwatuma ruteshwa agaciro nyamara biri mu nshingano ze nk’uwari wajuriye, maze rushingiye kuri izo mpamvu zose rwemeza ko ubujurire bwa Uwayezu Jean Paul nta shingiro bufite kuko Urukiko rudategetswe kwemeza impamvu nyoroshyacyaha igihe cyose zigaragajwe, ahubwo ruzemeza mu bushishozi bwarwo, rukaba rushobora no kwanga kuzemeza nk’impamvu ngabanya gihano, rurebye imikorere y’icyaha uregwa akurikiranweho cyangwa uburyo cyakozwemo; Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza rushingiye kuri izompamvu zose, rwagumishijeho igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu Uwayezu Jean Paul yahanishijwe. [6] Uwayezu Jean Paul yongeye kujuririra Urukiko rw’Ubujurire, urubanza ruhabwa Nº RPAA 00251/2024/CA, ruburanishwa mu ruhame ku wa 05/02/2025, yunganiwe na Me Ruturwa Rumande Esron naho Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na Mbaragijimana Désiré, Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’Igihugu. [7] Mu myanzuro ye no mu miburanire ye, Uwayezu Jean Paul n’umwunganira basaba ko agabanyirizwa igihano kuko yemeye icyaha kuva agifatwa ndetse n’ubu akaba akomeje kucyemera, ariko Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza rukaba rutaramugabanyirije igihano. [8] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha nawe asaba Urukiko kurebera hamwe impamvu nkomezacyaha n’impamvu nyoroshyacyaha rukamugabanyiriza igihano. agahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25). [9] Urukiko rurasuzuma ikibazo cyo kumenya niba Uwayezu Jean Paul ashobora kugabanyirizwa igihano. II. ISESENGURA RY’IKIBAZO KIGIZE URUBANZA Kumenya niba Uwayezu Jean Paul ashobora kugabanyirizwa igihano [10] Uwayezu Jean Paul na Me Ruturwa Rumande Esron umwunganira bavuga ko impamvu yatumye bajurira ari uko Urukiko Rukuru. Urugereko rwa Nyanza rutamugabanyirije igihano kandi atararuhije ubutabera kuko yemeye icyaha kuva agifatwa ndetse n’ubu akaba akomeje kucyemera kandi akagisabira imbabazi kuko yagikoze abitewe n’ubusinzi. Basaba ko agabanyirizwa igihano hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 49 y’Itegeko No 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano n’ingingo ya 2 igika cya 1 y’Itegeko N° 059/2023 ryo ku wa 4/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko No 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, agahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) kuko yemeye icyaha mu buryo budashidikanywaho kandi akaba atari asanzwe afite imyitwarire mibi. [11] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko n’ubwo icyaha Uwayezu Jean Paul yahamijwe yagikoze yabigambiriye kuko yarwaye inzika nyakwigendera kugeza ubwo amwishe kandi akaba yaragikoranye ubugome, Urukiko rukwiriye kurebera hamwe izo mpamvu nkomezacyaha n’impamvu nyoroshyacyaha z’uko yemera icyaha mu buryo budashidikanywaho, kuba yaragikoze akiri umusore no kuba ari ubwa mbere akurikiranwa mu nkiko, rukamugabanyiriza igihano, agahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25). UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA

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[12] Impaka kuri iyi ngingo zishingiye ku kumenya niba uru Rukiko rushobora kugabanyiriza Uwayezu Jean Paul igihano hashingiwe ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha agaragaza, zirimo kuba yaremeye icyaha ku buryo budashidikanywaho kuva agifatwa, kuba yaragikoze akiri umusore no kuba ari ubwa mbere akurikiranwa mu nkiko. [13] Ingingo ya 107 y’Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange nk’uko ryahinduwe kugeza ubu, iteganya ko Umuntu wica undi abishaka, aba akoze icyaha. Iyo abihamijwe n’urukiko, ahanishwa igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu. [14] Ingingo ya 2 (a) y’ Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, iteganya ko iyo umucamanza yemeje impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, igifungo cya burundu gishobora kugabanywa ariko ntikijye munsi y’igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 15. [15] Nk’uko byemejwe mu rubanza Nº RPAA 0021/14/CS - Nº RPAA 0022/14/CS rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 13/10/2017, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Uzabakiriho1, Urukiko ntirutegetswe kwemeza impamvu nyoroshyacyaha igihe cyose zigaragajwe, ngo rugabanyirize uregwa igihano, ahubwo ruzemeza mu bushishozi bwarwo, kandi rukaba rushobora kwanga no kuzemeza nk’impamvu ngabanya gihano, rurebye imikorere y’icyaha uregwa akurikiranyweho cyangwa uburyo cyakozwemo; uyu murongo kandi wakurikijwe mu zindi manza zaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire, nk’urubanza Nº RPAA 00312/2021/CA rwaciwe ku wa 29/7/2022 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Mbonabucya Donatien (igika cya 20), n’iziheruka gucibwa zirimo nk’urubanza Nº RPAA 00100/2024/CA haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Nzabandora Pascal (igika cya), urubanza Nº RPAA 00230/2023/CA haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Haramajyambere Siméon (igika cya 14), urubanza Nº RPAA 00425/2023/CA rwaciwe ku wa 20/12/2024 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Baziramwabo Abbas (igika cya 18), zose zaciwe ku wa 20/12/2024. [16] Nk’uko kandi byemejwe mu rubanza Nº RPA 00060/2021/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 04/04/2022 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Nsabimana Callixte alias Sankara na bagenzi be (mu gika cya 252 na 254) iyo uregwa nta kindi anenga urubanza yajuririye, uretse gusa kuvuga ko atagabanyirijwe igihano bihagije, buri mucamanza ku rwego urwo arirwo rwose, yemerewe gutanga igihano mu bushishozi bwe kijyanye n’uburemere bw’icyaha n’ingaruka zacyo (……), cyakora mu bujurire Umucamanza akaba agomba kuzirikana ko yemerewe gusa guhindura igihano cyatanzwe n’Umucamanza wo mu Rukiko rubanza ari uko amaze kugaragaza ko urwo Rukiko rwaba rwarakoresheje nabi Itegeko cyangwa ubushishozi bwarwo mu gutanga igihano. [17] Ku birebana n’uru rubanza, dosiye igaragaza ko mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza Uwayezu Jean Paul yajuriye asaba kugabanyirizwa igihano kuko mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Muhanga yaburanye yemera icyaha ariko urwo Rukiko ntirwamugabanyiriza igihano, mu bushishozi bwarwo Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza narwo rusanga adakwiriye kugabanyirizwa igihano rushingiye ku bugome yakoranye icyaha no kuba yaragikoze yabigambiriye abitewe n’inzika, agamije kuvutsa ubuzima Nizeyimana, akaba kandi ataragaragaje ikosa ryakozwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Muhanga ryatuma urubanza yajuririye ruteshwa agaciro nyamara zari inshingano ze nk’uwajuriye, hashingiwe ku murongo watanzwe mu rubanza

1 Reba urubanza Nº RPAA 0021/14/CS- Nº RPAA 0022/14/CS rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 13/10/201, mu cyegeranyo cy’ibyemezo by’Inkiko ({2018} 4 RLR).

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Nº RPAA 00142/2022/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 29/12/2023 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Ntakirutimana Pierre (igika cya 28); maze rwemeza ko ubujurire bwe nta shingiro bufite kuko Urukiko rudategetswe kwemeza impamvu nyoroshyacyaha igihe cyose zigaragajwe, ko ahubwo ruzemeza mu bushishozi bwarwo, rukaba rushobora no kwanga kuzemeza nk’impamvu ngabanya gihano, rurebye imikorere y’icyaha uregwa akurikiranyweho cyangwa uburyo cyakozwemo, rushingiye ku murongo wavuzwe haruguru mu gika cya 15; Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza rushingiye kuri izo mpamvu rwagumishijeho igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu Uwayezu Jean Paul yahanishijwe. [18] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga nk’uko Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza rwabisobanuye, koko Uwayezu Jean Paul yarakoze icyaha kiremereye kuko yavukije ubuzima Nizeyimana kandi akaba yaragikoze abishaka nk’uko yivugiye ko yabitewe n’inzika yari amufitiye ndetse n’abatangabuhamya babibonye bakavuga ko igiti yamukubise yagishinguje aho cyari cyubakishije urukarabiro (kandagira ukarabe), akagenda akamusanga muri butike aho yari ari akamuturuka inyuma amuguye gitumo nta n’ikindi bavuganye akamukubita icyo giti undi agahita yitura hasi agapfa, izi mpamvu nkomezacyaha zirebewe hamwe no kuba nta kindi cyaha Uwayezu Jean Paul yahamijwe n’inkiko mu buryo buzwi, byashingirwaho agahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri (20) aho kuba igifungo cya burundu, hashingiwe ku biteganywa n’ingingo ya 2 y’Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange yavuzwe haruguru, kugira ngo asobanukirwe n’uburemere bw’icyaha yakozwe kandi ahabwe amahirwe yo kugororwa no kwikosora. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [19] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Uwayezu Jean Paul bufite ishingiro ku birebana n’igabanyagihano. [20] Rwemeje ko urubanza Nº RPA 00610/2020/HC/NYZ rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza ku wa 22/03/2024 ruhindutse gusa ku birebana n’igihano Uwayezu Jean Paul ahanishijwe. [21] Ruhanishije Uwayezu Jean Paul igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri (20). [22] Rutegetse ko Uwayezu Jean Paul asonewe amagarama y'urubanza kuko aburana afunze.