UBUSHINJACYA v Sgt AHISHAKIYE

# UBUSHINJACYA v Sgt AHISHAKIYE

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2025-02-21 - Case/document no.: RS/REV/RP 00003/2024/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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UBUSHINJACYA v Sgt AHISHAKIYE [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE - RS/REV/RP 00003/2024/CA (Rutazana, P.J.) 21 Gashyantare 2025] Amategeko agenga imiburanishirize y’imanza – Imanza z’inshinjabyaha – Gusubirishamo urubanza ingingo nshya – Ikimenyetso gishya – Ikimenyetso gishya ni ikimenyetso umuburanyi atashoboraga kumenya ko cyaba gihari, akakibona nyuma cyangwa akaba atarabashaga kukigeraho igihe yaburanaga, kandi ko n’iyo ari gishya gihabwa agaciro gusa iyo gishobora kuvuguruza ibyari byashingiweho mu ica ry’urubanza rusabirwa gusubirishwamo ingingo nshya. Incamake y’ikibazo: Ku wa 24 Ukuboza 2017 Sgt Ahishakiye yiriwe asangira inzoga na Nyiransabimana Alexia, bucyeye baza kubona uyu yapfuye. Sgt Ahishakiye, Habinshuti, Uwiringiyimana, Ntagisanimana, Harindimana na Cyiza Besige baketswe ko aribo bishe nyakwigendera, Ubushinjacyaha bwa Gisirikare bubarega mu Rukiko rwa Gisirikare bubashinja icyaha cy’ubwicanyi busaba ko cyabahama bagahanishwa igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu. Urukiko rwasanze abaregwa badahamwa n’icyaha. Ubushinjacyaha bwajuririye icyo cyemezo mu Rukiko Rukuru rwa Gisirikare rwemeza ko Sgt Ahishakiye ahamwa n’icyaha cy’ubwicanyi, rumuhanisha igifungo cya burundu. Uregwa yajuririye icyo cyemezo mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire avuga ki yahamijwe icyaha hashingiwe ku mvugo z’abatangabuhamya batigeze bamubona akora icyaha ko ahubwo hari gushingirwa kuri DNA y’amasohoro yasanzwe mu gitsina cya nyakwigendera hakemezwa ko atari we wamusambanyije akanamwica. Urukiko rushingiye ku bimenyetso n’abatangabuhamya, mu mugoroba ushyira ijoro yiciwemo, babonye urega asangira na nyakwigendera kandi uregwa akaba adashobora kugaragaza uko yatandukanye na we, rwemeje ko ubujurire bwe nta shingiro bufite. Sgt Ahishakiye yaje gusaba ko urubanza rwe rwasubirishwamo kubera ingingo nshya aho yagaragazaga ibaruwa ngo yanditswe n’uwishe nyakwigendera. Urukiko rw’Ubujurire bwasuzumye ikibazo cyo kumenya niba ikirego cyatanzwe na Sgt. Ahishakiye Cassien gisaba gusubirishamo ingingo nshya urubanza No RPAA 00148/2020/CA gikwiriye kwakirwa. Uregwa wasubirishijemo urubanza ingingingo nshya, avuga ko nyuma y’uko akatiwe gufungwa burundu yabonye ibaruwa uwitwa Mareba Jean Damascène yandikiye Ubushinjacyaha Bukuru yirega ko ari we wishe Nyiransabimana Alexia aho muri iyo baruwa asobanura n’abandi bafatanyije kumwica kandi muri bo Sgt Ahishakiye akaba atarimo. Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko iyo baruwa itafatwa nk’ikimenyetso gishya kuko itabasha kumara impaka keretse iyo ruza kuba ari urubanza rwemeje uwishe nyakwigendera. Incamake y’icyemezo: Ikimenyetso gishya ni ikimenyetso umuburanyi atashoboraga kumenya ko cyaba gihari, akakibona nyuma cyangwa akaba atarabashaga kukigeraho igihe yaburanaga, kandi ko n’iyo ari gishya gihabwa agaciro gusa iyo gishobora kuvuguruza ibyari byashingiweho mu ica ry’urubanza rusabirwa gusubirishwamo ingingo nshya. Ikirego cyo gusubirishamo urubanza, nticyakiriwe.

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Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko No 027/2019 ryo ku wa 19/09/2019 ryerekeye iburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha, ingingo ya 197. Imanza zifashishijwe: RS/REV/CIV 0001/15/CS, Nyamaswa Ephron na Mukamusoni Astérie, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 21/04/2017; RS/REV/RP 00007/2023/CA, Ubushinjacyaha na Ngabo Faustin, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 28/12/2023; RCOMAA 00089/2022/CA, AFRICANA BUFFALO Ltd na Rwanda Revenue Authority (RRA), rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 20/12/2024. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Sgt. Ahishakiye Cassien na bagenzi be aribo Civ. Habinshuti Jean Marie Vianney, Civ. Uwiringiyimana alias Higiro, Civ. Ntagisanimana Innocent, Civ. Harindimana na Civ. Cyiza Besigye bakurikiranyweho ubufatanyacyaha mu cyaha cy’ubwicanyi cyakorewe uwitwa Nyiransabimana Alexia ku wa 24/12/2017, Ubushinjacyaha bwa Gisirikare bubarega mu Rukiko rwa Gisirikare narwo ku wa 11/06/2018 ruca urubanza N° RP 0065/18/TM rwemeza ko Sgt Ahishakiye Cassien na bagenzi be badahamwa n’icyaha baregwa. [2] Ubushinjacyaha bwa Gisirikare bwajuririye urwo rubanza mu Rukiko Rukuru rwa Gisirikare, mu rubanza N° RPA 0229/018/HCM rwaciwe n’urwo Rukiko ku wa 10/01/2019 rwemeza ko Sgt Ahishakiye Cassien ahamwa n’icyaha cy’ubwicanyi, rumuhanisha igifungo cya burundu. [3] Sgt Ahishakiye Cassien yajuririye Urukiko rw’Ubujurire avuga ko yahamijwe icyaha atakoze hashingiwe ku mvugo z’abatangabuhamya zirimo ugushidikanya kandi muri abo batangabuhamya nta n’umwe wamubonye yica Nyiransabimana Alexia, ko ahubwo Urukiko rwari gushingira ku kimenyetso cy’abahanga cya DNA kuko aricyo cyari kwemeza niba amasohoro bavuga yasanzwe mu gitsina cya Nyiransabimana Alexia ari aye. [4] Mu rubanza No RPAA 00148/2020/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 03/06/2021 rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Sgt Ahishakiye Cassien nta shigiro bufite rushingiye ku bikubiye mu mvugo z’abatangabuhamya barimo Ingabire Henriette, Habinshuti Jean Marie Vianney na Mukashyaka Emérithe bemeje ko mu mugoroba Nyiransabimana Alexia yishweho bamubonye ari kumwe na Sgt Ahishakiye Cassien mu kabari Ingabire Henriette yakoragamo, kandi muganga wasuzumye umurambo wa nyakwigendera Nyiransabimana Alexia akaba yarasanze yarasambanyijwe ku gahato mbere y’uko yicwa, Sgt Ahishakiye Cassien akaba atarashoboye kugaragaza uko yatandukanye na nyakwigendera bari kumwe aho mu kabari; maze rwemeza ko imikirize y’urubanza N° RPA 0229/018/HCM rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru rwa Gisirikare, ku wa 10/01/2019 idahindutse.

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[5] Ku wa 27/11/2023 Sgt Ahishakiye Cassien yashyikirije Ubuyobozi bw’Igororero rya Nyarugenge afungiyemo inyandiko ikubiyemo ikirego gisaba gusubirishamo ingingo nshya urwo rubanza No RPAA 00148/2020/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire, urubanza rwandikwa kuri No RS/REV/RP00003/2024/CA, ruburanishwa mu ruhame ku wa 07/02/2025, Sgt Ahishakiye Cassien yunganiwe na Me Mukanzigiye Donatille, naho Ubushinjacyaha bwa Gisirikare buhagarariwe na Lt.Col Rutagarama Jean Claude. [6] Sgt. Ahishakiye Cassien n’umwunganira basaba gusubirishamo ingingo nshya urubanza No RPAA 00148/2020/CA bashingiye ku kimenyetso kigizwe n’ibaruwa bavuga ko yabonetse nyuma y’aho urwo rubanza ruciriwe, igaragaza ko yanditswe n’uwitwa Mareba Jean Damascène yirega ko ari we wishe Nyiransabimana Alexia agasobanura n’abo bafatanyije, bakavuga ko icyo ari ikimenyetso gishya cyashingirwaho urubanza rwavuzwe haruguru rugasubirwamo. [7] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko ikirego cya Sgt Ahishakiye Cassien kidakwiriye kwakirwa kuko nta rubanza agaragaza rwahamije Mareba Jean Damascène icyo cyaha. [8] Urukiko rurasuzuma ikibazo cyo kumenya niba ikirego cyatanzwe na Sgt. Ahishakiye Cassien gisaba gusubirishamo ingingo nshya urubanza No RPAA 00148/2020/CA gikwiriye kwakirwa. II. ISESENGURA RY’IKIBAZO KIGIZE URUBANZA Kumenya niba ikirego cyatanzwe na Sgt. Ahishakiye Cassien gisaba gusubirishamo ingingo nshya urubanza No RPAA 00148/2020/CA gikwiriye kwakirwa [9] Sgt. Ahishakiye Cassien n’umwunganira bavuga ko nyuma y’uko urubanza No RPAA 00148/2020/CA ruciwe akajyanwa gufungirwa mu Igororero rya Nyarugenge, yabonye ibaruwa uwitwa Mareba Jean Damascène yandikiye Ubushinjacyaha Bukuru yirega ko ari we wishe Nyiransabimana Alexia anagaragaza abo bafatanyije batarimo Sgt. Ahishakiye Cassien, bakaba basanga ibikubiye muri iyo baruwa ari ikimenyetso gishya kandi kimara impaka kuko Mareba Jean Damascene yiyemerera icyaha ntawe umuhase, bityo ibyo avuga bikaba ari ukuri kuko bivugwa na nyirabyo; bagasaba Urukiko gushingira kuri icyo kimenyetso rugasubiramo urubanza rwavuzwe haruguru nk’uko biteganywa n’ingingo ya 197, agace ka 5, y’Itegeko Nº 027/2019 ryo ku wa 19/09/2019 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha nk’uko ryahinduwe kugeza ubu. [10] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko ikirego cyatanzwe na Sgt Ahishakiye Cassien kidakwiriye kwakirwa kuko hashingiwe ku biteganywa n’ingingo ya 197 yavuzwe haruguru, ikimenyetso gishya kigomba kuba kimara impaka nyamara hakaba nta kigaragaza ko ibikubiye muri iyo baruwa ashingiraho ari ukuri mu gihe hatagaragazwa ko hari urubanza rwaciwe n’Urukiko rukemeza ko Mareba Jean Damascène yahamwe n’icyo cyaha koko; byongeye kandi iyo baruwa ikaba iteyeho igikumwe, ngo bigaragaza ko uyitirirwa atazi kwandika. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA

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[11] Impaka kuri iki kibazo zishingiye ku kumenya niba ibikubiye mu ibaruwa yanditswe na MAREBA Jean Damascène ari ikimenyetso cyashingirwaho ikirego cyatanzwe na Sgt. Ahishakiye Cassien gisaba gusubirishamo ingingo nshya urubanza No RPAA 00148/2020/CA cyakirwa. [12] Ingingo ya 197, igika cya mbere, agace ka 5 y’Itegeko No 027/2019 ryo ku wa 19/09/2019 ryerekeye iburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha nk’uko ryahinduwe kugeza ubu, iteganya ko “Urubanza rushobora gusubirishwamo ingingo nshya kubera imwe mu mpamvu zikurikira: iyo kuva aho urubanza ruciriwe, habonetse ikimenyetso gishya kimara impaka kigaragaza neza akarengane katewe n’urubanza rusabirwa gusubirwamo”. Naho igika cya 2 cy’iyo ngingo kigateganya ko “Ikimenyetso gishya kivugwa mu gace ka 5 k’igika cya mbere cy’iyi ngingo ari ikimenyetso umuburanyi atashoboraga kumenya ko cyaba gihari, akakibona nyuma cyangwa akaba atarabashaga kukigeraho igihe yaburanaga”. [13] Ibijyanye no kumenya ikimenyetso gishobora gushingirwaho urubanza rwaciwe burundu rusubirwamo, byasobanuwe mu manza zinyuranye zaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire, zihuriza ku murongo ugira uti: Ikimenyetso gishya ni ikimenyetso umuburanyi atashoboraga kumenya ko cyaba gihari, akakibona nyuma cyangwa akaba atarabashaga kukigeraho igihe yaburanaga, kandi ko n’iyo ari gishya gihabwa agaciro gusa iyo gishobora kuvuguruza ibyari byashingiweho mu ica ry’urubanza rusabirwa gusubirishwamo ingingo nshya”. Muri izo manza twavuga nk’urubanza N° RS/REV/CIV 0001/15/CS rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 21/04/2017 haburana Nyamaswa Ephron na Mukamusoni Astérie (igika cya 22), urubanza Nº RS/REV/RP 00007/2023/CA rwaciwe ku wa 28/12/2023 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na NGABO Faustin (igika cya15), urubanza Nº RCOMAA 00089/2022/CA, rwaciwe ku wa 20/12/2024 haburana AFRICANA BUFFALO Ltd na Rwanda Revenue Authority (RRA) (igika cya 24), n’izindi. [14] Ku birebana n’uru rubanza, Urukiko rurasanga amakuru akubiye mu ibaruwa Sgt. Ahishakiye Cassien ashingiraho atafatwa nk’ikimenyetso kimara impaka ku bijyanye no kumenya niba Sgt Ahishakiye Cassien atarakoze icyaha cyo kwica Nyiransabimana Alexia, kuko kuba muri iyo baruwa havugwamo ko hari uwitwa Mareba Jean Damascène wivugira ko ari we wakoze icyo cyaha akanavuga abo bafatanyije Sgt Ahishakiye Cassien atarimo, ubwabyo byonyine bidahagije kugira ngo ayo makuru afatwe nk’ikimenyetso gishobora kuvuguruza ibindi bimenyetso byashingiweho mu ica ry’urubanza rubanza rusabirwa gusubirwamo, mu gihe hatagaragazwa ko hari urubanza rwaciwe n’Urukiko rukamuhamya icyo cyaha. [15] Urukiko rurasanga hashingiwe ku byasobanuwe haruguru biteganyijwe mu ngingo ya197, igika cya mbere, agace ka 5 y’Itegeko No 027/2019 ryo ku wa 19/09/2019 ryerekeye iburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha nk’uko ryahinduwe kugeza ubu no ku murongo watanzwe mu manza nazo zavuzwe haruguru, kuba ikimenyetso gishingirwaho n’usaba gusubirishamo urubanza ingingo nshya kitamara impaka ku buryo kigaragaza neza akarengane yatewe n’urwo rubanza, ni impamvu ituma ikirego cye kitakirwa; hashingiwe ku byasobanuwe byose, ikirego cya Sgt Ahishakiye Cassien kikaba kitagomba kwakirwa. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO

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[16] Rwemeje ko ikirego cyatanzwe na Sgt. Ahishakiye Cassien gisaba gusubirishamo ingingo nshya urubanza No RPAA 00148/2020/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 03/06/2021 kitakiriwe. [17] Rutegetse ko Sgt. Ahishakiye Cassien asonewe amagarama y’urubanza kuko aburana afunze.