UBUSHINJACYAHA v. NYIRAMINANI N’ABANDI

# UBUSHINJACYAHA v. NYIRAMINANI N’ABANDI

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2025-02-25 - Case/document no.: RPAA 00582/2021/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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UBUSHINJACYAHA v. NYIRAMINANI N’ABANDI [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RPAA 00582/2021/CA (Rutazana, P.J.,) 25 Gashyantare 2025] Amategeko agenga ibyaha n’ibihano – Ubusembure – Ubusembure bwumvikana nk’impamvu ngabanyagihano igizwe no kuba uwakoze icyaha yarabitewe n’uko yari yabanje gukorerwa igikorwa kimubabaza gikomeye kandi kimurenganya. Habaho ubusembure igihe hari ibikorwa ukurikiranyweho icyaha yakorewe n’uwakorewe icyaha (victime), bituma ako kanya amukorera icyaha aregwa. Amategeko agenga ibyaha n’ibihano – Ibimenyetso by’ubusembure – Ni ishingano y’uregwa uburanisha ubusembure kubuzamura no ku butangira ibimenyetso, umucamanza akaba afite ishingano yo kubusuzuma mu gihe abisabwa n’uregwa mu buryo bweruye kandi bwumvikana. Amategeko agenga ibyaha n’ibihano – Icyaha cy’ubwicanyi – Ku cyaha cyakozwe n’igihiriri cy’abantu benshi bayobowe n’uburakari, cyane cyane icyaha cyo gukubita no gukomeretsa ndetse no kwica, si ngombwa ko ugikurikiranyweho aba nawe yafashe intwaro ngo ateme cyangwa ngo akubite kugira ngo aryozwe icyo cyaha, apfa gusa kuba yari muri iyo mbaga kandi icyaha kikaba cyakozwe. Incamake y’ikibazo: Uwitwa Habineza François yiciwe mu murima aho yahingaga. Umugore we witwa Nyiraminani Julienne n’abakobwa be batatu, aribo Dushimimana Jeanne, Muhawenimana Angélique na Uwimana Joyce, baketsweho ko ari bo bamwishe maze batangira gukurikiranwa. Iperereza rirangiye Ubushinjacyaha bubarega mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Ngoma bubakurikiranyeho icyaha cyo kwica biturutse ku bushake n’icyo gushinyagurira umurambo, bakaba barafatiwe mu cyuho, busaba Urukiko kubahamya ibyo byaha byombi kandi Nyiraminani Julienne, Dushimimana Jeanne na Muhawenimana Angelique bagahanishwa igifungo cya burundu naho Uwimana Joyce agahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka icumi (10) kuko yari akiri umwana. Nyiraminani Julienne yireguye yemera icyaha cyo kwica umugabo we ariko avuga ko yabitewe n’uko yasembuwe ngo kuko nyakwigendera ari we wabanje kumwirukankana akamutema mu mugongo ndetse agatema n’umwana we witwa Dushimimana Jeanne mu mutwe no ku ntoki. Muhawenimana Angélique, Dushimimana Jeanne na Uwimana Joyce bo baburanye bahakana ibyaha baregwa. Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Ngoma rushingiye ku kuba Nyiraminani Julienne yamera icyaha cyo kwica umugabo we Habineza François, agasobanura uko yagikoze, rushingiye nanone ku mvugo z’abatangabuhamya batandukanye bamushinja kuba yarafatanyije n’abakobwa be kwica umugabo we barangiza bakamuca amaguru, hamwe na raporo ya muganga wasuzumye umurambo, rwemeje ko abaregwa bose bahamwa n’icyaha cy’ubwicanyi n’icyo gushinyagurira umurambo, maze ruhanisha Nyiraminani Julienne, Dushimimana Jeanne, Muhawenimana Angélique, igifungo cya burundu naho Uwimana Joyce ahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka icumi (10).

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Abaregwa bose bajuririye Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana, Nyiraminani avuga ko yahanishijwe igihano kiremereye ku cyaha cy’ubwicanyi kandi yaracyemeye akanagaragaza ko yagikoze atakigambiriye, bityo ko asaba kugabanyirizwa igihano. Dushimimana Jeanne, Muhawenimana Angélique na Uwimana Joyce bose bajurira bavuga ko bahamijwe icyaha batakoze kuko cyabaye badahari, ko basanze se yamaze gupfa yishwe na nyina nk’uko nawe abyiyemerera, basaba kugirwa abere. Ubushinjacyaha bwireguye buvuga ko ubujurire bwabo nta shingiro bufite. Ku bireba Nyiraminani Julienne, busobanura ko yiyemerera ko yishe umugabo we kandi ko nyuma yo kumwica yatemye umurambo ku maguru, bityo ibi bikaba bigize icyaha cyo gushinyagurira umurambo; naho ku bireba Dushimimana Jeanne, Muhawenimana Angélique na Uwimana Joyce, uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko kuba bahakana uruhare rwabo mu rupfu rwa se nta shingiro bifite kuko hari abatangabuhamya babashinja kuba barafatanyije na nyina kumwica. Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana, rwemeje ko Nyiraminani Julienne ahamwa n’icyaha cy’ubwicanyi, maze Urukiko rushingiye ku kuba yemeye icyaha aregwa, rumugabanyiriza igihano, ahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25), naho icyaha cyo gushinyagurira umurambo rwemeza ko kitamuhama kuko nta bimenyetso bikigaragaza. Ku birebana n’abakobwa ba nyakwigendera aribo Dushimimana Jeanne, Muhawenimana Angélique na Uwimana Joyce, Urukiko rwemeje ko bahamwa n’icyaha cy’ubwicanyi kuko bafatanyije na nyina kwica se; ariko rushingiye ku mpamvu z’amakimbirane y’umuryango wabo rusanga bakwiye kugabanyirizwa igihano, rwemeza ko Dushimimana Jeanne na Muhawenimana Angélique buri wese ahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu(15) naho Uwimana Joyce agahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka itanu (5). Nyiraminani Julienne, Dushimimana Jeanne na Muhawenimana Angélique bajuririye Urukiko rw’Ubujurire, basaba ko inyito y’icyaha yahamijwe ihindurwa, agahanirwa icyaha cy’ubwicanyi budaturutse ku bushake kandi akagabanyirizwa igihano kuko yishe umugabo we biturutse ku busembure, kuko yabanje kumutema akanatema umwana wabo witwa Dushimimana Jeanne. Muhawenimana Angélique we avuga ko yajuriye agamije kwemera icyaha no gusaba Urukiko kumugabanyiriza igihano kuko icyaha yagikoze atabigambiriye, ko ahubwo nawe yasembuwe na nyakwigendera wabaje gutema nyina n’umuvandimwe we Dushimimana Jeanne. Dushimimana Jeanne avuga ko yajuriye agamije kugaragaza ko nta ruhare yagize mu rupfu rwa se, kuko uyu yari yamutemye ku ikubitiro, agahita ajyanwa kwa muganga. Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko ubujurire bwabo bose nta shingiro bufite. Ku bijyanye n’impamvu y’ubusembure iburanishwa na Nyirminani Julienne na Muhawenimana Angélique avuga ko nta bwabayeho kuko nta kigaragaza ko nyakwigendera yabatemye, kandi ko badakwiriye kugabanyirizwa igihano kuko ku nzego z’iburanisha zabanje cyagabanyijwe ku buryo buhagije. Naho ku bujurire bwa Dushimimana Jeanne uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko atabasha kuvuguruza ibimenyetso byashingiweho ahamwa n’icyaha, bigaragaza uruhare rwe mu iyicwa rya se Habineza François.

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Uru Rukiko rwemeje ko Nyiraminani Julienne ahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri (20) aho kuba imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25) yari yahanishijwe n’Urukiko Rukuru. Incamake y’icyemezo: 1. Ubusembure bwumvikana nk’impamvu ngabanyagihano igizwe no kuba uwakoze icyaha yarabitewe n’uko yari yabanje gukorerwa igikorwa kimubabaza gikomeye kandi kimurenganya. Habaho ubusembure igihe hari ibikorwa ukurikiranyweho icyaha yakorewe n’uwakorewe icyaha (victime), bituma ako kanya amukorera icyaha aregwa. 2. Ni ishingano y’uregwa uburanisha ubusembure kubuzamura no ku butangira ibimenyetso, umucamanza akaba afite ishingano yo kubusuzuma mu gihe abisabwa n’uregwa mu buryo bweruye kandi bwumvikana. 3. Ntawakwitwaza ingaruka mbi z’icyaha ngo asabe kugabanyirizwa igihano. 4. Ku cyaha cyakozwe n’igihiriri cy’abantu benshi bayobowe n’uburakari, cyane cyane icyaha cyo gukubita no gukomeretsa ndetse no kwica, si ngombwa ko ugikurikiranyweho aba nawe yafashe intwaro ngo ateme cyangwa ngo akubite kugira ngo aryozwe icyo cyaha, apfa gusa kuba yari muri iyo mbaga kandi icyaha kikaba cyakozwe. Ubujurire nta shingiro bufite. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange nk’uko ryahinduwe kugeza ubu, ingingo ya 56. Imanza zifashishijwe: Urubanza RPAA038/15/CS rw’ Ubushinjacyaha na Sezikeye Emmanuel, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 15/09/2017; Urubanza RPAA 00610/2022/CA rw’ Ubushinjacyaha na Nahimana Christophe, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 25/09/2024;

Urubanza RPAA 00462/2023/CA rw’ Ubushinjacyaha na Nsengimana Jean-Claude, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 15/11/2024; Urubanza RPAA 262/2023/CA rw’ Ubushinjacyaha na Uwizeyimana Chantal; rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 29/11/2024; Urubanza RPAA 00417/2023/CA rw’ Ubushinjacyaha na Mugambage Fred, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 20/12/2024; Urubanza RPAA 00086/2023/CA rw’Ubushinjacyaha na Uwizeyimana Jean Marie Vianney, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 19/12/2024; Urubanza RPAA 00445/2023/CA rw’Ubushinjacyaha na Ayingeneye Jeanne; rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 27/12/2024; Urubanza RPA 0121/07/CS, rw’ Ubushinjacyaha na Munyampundu na Muvunyi Edouard, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 18/04/2008 Urubanza RPAA 00116/2023/CA rw’Ubushinjacyaha na Hakizimana Emmanuel, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 29/05/2024;

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Urubanza RPAA 00019/2024/CA rw’ Ubushinjacyaha na Kigenza Charles bita Toto, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 25/09/2024. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Ku wa 23/09/2020 mu masaha ya saa mbiri za mu gitondo, uwitwa Habineza François yiciwe mu murima aho yahingaga, nyuma y’uko umugore we witwa Nyiraminani Julienne n’abakobwa be batatu, aribo Dushimimana Jeanne, Muhawenimana Angélique na Uwimana Joyce bahamusanze bagatangira gushyamirana. [2] Nyiraminani Julienne n’abakobwa be bavuzwe haruguru baketsweho ko ari bo bamwishe maze batangira gukurikiranwa, iperereza rirangiye Ubushinjacyaha bubarega mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Ngoma bubakurikiranyeho icyaha cyo kwica biturutse ku bushake n’icyo gushinyagurira umurambo, bakaba barafatiwe mu cyuho, busaba Urukiko kubahamya ibyo byaha byombi kandi Nyiraminani Julienne, Dushimimana Jeanne na Muhawenimana Angelique bagahanishwa igifungo cya burundu naho Uwimana Joyce agahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka icumi (10) kuko yari akiri umwana. [3] Nyiraminani Julienne yireguye yemera icyaha cyo kwica umugabo we ariko avuga ko yabitewe n’uko yasembuwe ngo kuko uwo mugabo ari we wabanje kumwirukankana akamutema mu mugongo ndetse agatema n’ umwana we witwa Dushimimana Jeanne mu mutwe no ku ntoki. Muhawenimana Angélique, Dushimimana Jeanne na Uwimana Joyce bo baburanye bahakana ibyaha baregwa; Dushimimana Jeanne avuga ko yari yatemwe na se bityo iby’urupu rwe atabizi kuko yari yajyanywe kwa muganga; Uwimana Joyce n’umwunganira bavuga ko nyina Nyiraminani Julienne ariwe wishe nyakwigendera; Muhawenimana Angélique nawe avuga ko yumvise nyina avuga ko ariwe wamwishe. [4] Mu rubanza RP/MIN 00058/2020/TGI/NGOMA rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Ngoma ku wa 18/12/2020, rushingiye ku kuba Nyiraminani Julienne yamera icyaha cyo kwica umugabo we Habineza François agasobanura uko yagikoze, imvugo z’abatangabuhamya batandukanye bamushinja kuba yarafatanyije n’abakobwa be kwica umugabo we barangiza bakamuca amaguru, na raporo ya muganga wasuzumye umurambo wa nyakwigendera, rwemeje ko abaregwa bose bahamwa n’icyaha cy’ubwicanyi n’icyo gushinyagurira umurambo, ruhanisha Nyiraminani Julienne, Dushimimana Jeanne, Muhawenimana Angélique, igifungo cya burundu naho Uwimana Joyce ahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka icumi (10). [5] Abaregwa bose bajuririye Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana, Nyiraminani avuga ko yahanishijwe igihano kiremereye ku cyaha cy’ubwicanyi kandi yaracyemeye akanagaragaza ko yagikoze atakigambiriye, asaba kugabanyirizwa igihano; ku cyaha cyo gushinyagurira umurambo avuga ko yatemye umugabo we ku maguru yamaze kugwa hasi ariko atamenye ko yari yapfuye; naho Dushimimana Jeanne, Muhawenimana Angélique na Uwimana Joyce bose bajurira bavuga ko bahamijwe icyaha batakoze kuko cyabaye badahari, ko basanze se yamaze gupfa yishwe na nyina nk’uko nawe abyiyemerera, basaba kugirwa abere.

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[6] Ubushinjacyaha bwireguye buvuga ko ubujurire bwabo nta shingiro bufite, ku bireba Nyiraminani Julienne busobanura ko yiyemerera ko yishe umugabo we kandi ko nyuma yo kumwica yatemye umurambo ku maguru, bityo ibi bikaba bigize icyaha cyo gushinyagurira umurambo; naho ku bireba Dushimimana Jeanne, Muhawenimana Angélique na Uwimana Joyce uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko kuba bahakana uruhare rwabo mu rupfu rwa se nta shingiro bifite kuko hari abatangabuhamya babashinja kuba barafatanyije na nyina kumwica. [7] Mu rubanza RPA/MIN 00005//2021/HC/RWG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana ku wa 19/05/2021, rwemeje ko Nyiraminani Julienne ahamwa n’icyaha cy’ubwicanyi runashingira ku kuba yaracyemeye rumugabanyiriza igihano, ahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25), naho icyaha cyo gushinyagurira umurambo rwemeza ko kitamuhama kuko nta bimenyetso bikigaragaza; kuri Dushimimana Jeanne, Muhawenimana Angélique na Uwimana Joyce Urukiko rwemeje ko bahamwa n’icyaha cy’ubwicanyi rushingiye ku kuba bashinjwa n’abatangabuhamya batandukanye bari bahari, bemeje ko bafatanyije na nyina kwica se; ariko rushingiye ku mpamvu z’amakimbirane y’umuryango wabo rusanga bakwiye kugabanyirizwa igihano, rwemeza ko Dushimimana Jeanne na Muhawenimana Angélique buri wese ahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu(15) naho Uwimana Joyce agahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka itanu(5). [8] Nyiraminani Julienne, Dushimimana Jeanne na Muhawenimana Angélique bajuririye Urukiko rw’Ubujurire, urubanza ruhabwa RPAA 00582/2021/CA, ruburanishwa mu ruhame ku wa 05/02/2025 Nyiraminani Julienne yunganiwe na Me Zaninka Généreuse, Dushimimana Jeanne yunganiwe na Me Kamuhoza Béatrice, Muhawenimana Angélique yunganiwe na Me Mukayiranga Mariana naho Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na Mbaragijimana Désiré, Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’Igihugu. [9] Mu bujurire bwe Nyiraminani Julienne n’umwunganira basaba ko inyito y’icyaha yahamijwe ihindurwa, agahanirwa icyaha cy’ubwicanyi budaturutse ku bushake kandi akagabanyirizwa igihano kuko yishe umugabo we biturutse ku busembure, kuko yabanje kumutema akanatema umwana wabo witwa Dushimimana Jeanne. Bavuga kandi ko ubusembure bunagaragazwa n’uko mu muryago wabo hahoraga amakimbirane yari amaze igihe. [10] Muhawenimana Angélique n’umwunganira bo bavuga ko yajuriye agamije kwemera icyaha no gusaba Urukiko kumugabanyiriza igihano kuko icyaha yagikoze atabigambiriye, ko ahubwo nawe yasembuwe na nyakwigendera wabaje gutema nyina na Dushimimana Jeanne; naho Dushimimana Jeanne avuga ko yajuriye agamije kugaragaza ko nta ruhare yagize mu rupfu rwa se, kuko uyu yari yamutemye ku ikubitiro, agahita ajyanwa kwa muganga. [11] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko ubujurire bwabo bose nta shingiro bufite; ku bijyanye n’impamvu y’ubusembure iburanishwa na Nyirminani Julienne na Muhawenimana Angélique avuga ko nta bwabayeho kuko nta kigaragaza ko nyakwigendera yabatemye, kandi ko badakwiriye kugabanyirizwa igihano kuko ku nzego z’iburanisha zabanje cyagabanyijwe ku buryo buhagije; naho ku bujurire bwa Dushimimana Jeanne uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko atabasha kuvuguruza ibimenyetso byashingiweho ahamwa n’icyaha, bigaragaza uruhare rwe mu iyicwa rya se Habineza François. [12] Urukiko rurasuzuma ibibazo bikurikira bigize urubanza:

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- Kumenya niba Nyiraminani Julienne na Muhawenimana Angélique barakoze icyaha cyo kwica Habineza Fracois biturutse ku busembure; - Kumenya niba Nyiraminani Julienne na Muhawenimana Angélique bashobora kugabanyirizwa igihano; - Kumenya niba Dushimimana Jeanne adahamwa n’icyaha cy’ubwicanyi cyakorewe se Habineza François. II. ISESENGURA RY’IBIBAZO BIGIZE URUBANZA Kumenya Nyiraminani Julienne na Muhawenimana Angélique barakoze icyaha cyo kwica Habineza Fracois biturutse ku busembure [13] Nyiraminani Julienne na Me Zaninka Généreuse umwunganira bavuga yemera ko yagize uruhare mu rupfu rw’umugabo we Habineza François, ariko ko nta mugambi afite wo kumwica. Basobanura ko we n’abakobwa be basanze nyakwigendera mu murima ku manywa kandi nta ntwaro bitwaje, baje ku mwaka amasuka yari yabambuye ubwo bari abaje guhinga, ahubwo aba ari we ubanza kubirukankana ndetse atema Nyiraminani Julienne mu mugongo anatema Dushimimana Jeanne mu mutwe no ku ntoki; bagasaba Urukiko kwemeza ko ibyo bigize impamvu y’ubusembure no kubishingiraho rukagabanyiriza Nyiraminani Julienne igihano. [14] Muhawenimana Angélique n’umwunganira nabo bavuga ko yasembuwe kuko bageze aho se yahingaga yirukankana nyina uyu yitura hasi hanyuma se atangira kumutema, hanyuma Dushimimana Jeanne yubararara kuri nyina kugira ngo se adakomeza kumutema, ari bwo nawe yamutemaga mu mutwe no ku ntoki, bituma Muhawenimana Angélique ahita afata isuka ayikubita se mu mutwe yitura hasi; nabo basaba Urukiko kwemeza ko habayeho ubusembure kuko se ari we wabanje gutema nyina na Dushimimana Jeanne hanyuma Muhawenimana Angélique akabatabara. [15] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko abaregwa nta bimenyetso batanga bigaragaza ko basembuwe, kuko badashobora kugaragaza ko hari imyitwarire nyakwigendera yagize ikaba intandaro y’urupfu rwe. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [16] Impaka kuri iyi ngingo zishingiye ku kumenya niba Nyiraminani Julienne na Muhawenimana Angélique barishe Habineza François biturutse ku busembure. [17] Ingingo ya 56 y’Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange nk’uko ryahinduwe kugeza ubu iteganya ko: “Igihe habaye ubusembure, umucamanza agaragaza mu cyemezo cy’urukiko ingingo zerekana ko imyitwarire y’uwakorewe icyaha ari yo yatumye icyo cyaha gikorwa”. Ikibazo cyo kumenya igihe imyitwarire y’uwakorewe icyaha ifatwa nk’ubusembure no kumenya ufite inshingano zo kubugaragaza cyatanzweho umurongo n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga mu rubanza RPAA038/15/CS rwaciwe ku wa 15/09/2017 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Sezikeye Emmanuel (igika cya 21), no mu zindi manza zaciwe n’uru Rukiko nyuma yarwo harimo nk’urubanza RPAA 00610/2022/CA rwaciwe ku wa 25/09/2024 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Nahimana Christophe (igika cya 17) n’urubanza RPAA 00462/2023/CA rwaciwe ku wa 15/11/2024 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Nsengimana Jean-Claude (igika cya 16-17). Izo manza

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zihuriye ku murongo ukurikira: “Ubusembure bwumvikana nk’impamvu ngabanyagihano igizwe no kuba uwakoze icyaha yarabitewe n’uko yari yabanje gukorerwa igikorwa kimubabaza gikomeye kandi kimurenganya. Habaho ubusembure igihe hari ibikorwa ukurikiranyweho icyaha yakorewe n’uwakorewe icyaha (victime), bituma ako kanya amukorera icyaha aregwa. Ni ishingano y’uregwa uburanisha ubusembure kubuzamura no ku butangira ibimenyetso, umucamanza akaba afite ishingano yo kubusuzuma mu gihe abisabwa n’uregwa mu buryo bweruye kandi bwumvikana.” [18] Ku birebana n’uru rubanza, Nyiraminani Julienne na Muhawenimana Angélique n’ababunganira bavuga ko nyakwigendera Habineza François ari we wabasembuye bigatuma bamwica, kuko ku munsi yiciweho yabanje kwirukankana Nyiraminani Julienne ndetse akamutema mu mugongo, akanatema Dushimimana Jeanne mu mutwe no ku ntoki, bigatuma bamwica bitabara, kandi no mu muryango wabo hakaba hari hasanzwemo amakimbirane yari amaze igihe. [19] Urukiko rurasanga mu mvugo z’abatangabuhamya batandukanye babonye ibyabaye kandi n’abaregwa bakaba badahakana ko bari aho icyaha cyakorewe, barimo Mukamageza Costasie, Ruhinguka Charles na Mukeshimana Louise, bose ntawe uvuga ko yabonye nyakwigendera yirukankana Nyiraminani Julienne ubwo we n’abakobwa be bamusangaga aho yahingaga cyangwa ko yabonye abatema nk’uko babivuga; ahubwo bose bahuriza ku kuba abaregwa baraje batunguranye batavuga ntawe umenye aho baturutse bagahita bakubita nyakwigendera isuka n’umuhoro bamuturutse inyuma. [20] Urukiko rw’ubujurire rero rushingiye ku murongo wavuzwe haruguru w’uko uregwa uburanisha ubusembure afite inshingano yo ku butangira ibimenyetso, rurasanga uretse kubivuga gusa, Nyiraminani Julienne na Muhawenimana Angélique nta bimenyetso batanga bigaragaza ko nyakwigendera ari we wabanje kubirukankana no kubatema; bityo impamvu y’ubusembure baburanisha ikaba nta shingiro ifite. [21] Ku bijyanye n’amakimbirane Nyiraminani Julienne avuga ko yari amaze igihe mu muryango wabo, Urukiko rurasanga ibi bitafatwa nk’impamvu y’ubusembure mu buryo buteganywa n’ingingo ya 56 yavuzwe haruguru, kuko nk’uko byasobanuwe mu manza nazo zavuzwe haruguru, habaho ubusembure igihe hari ibikorwa ukurikiranyweho icyaha yakorewe n’uwakorewe icyaha (victime), bigatuma ako kanya amukorera icyaha aregwa, nyamara iyi mpamvu bashingiraho ikaba yumvikana ko ishingiye ku byabaye mbere bijyanye n’uburyo umuryango wabo wari usanzwe ubanye; nta gikorwa na kimwe bagaragaza kijyanye n’ayo makimbirane nyakwigendera yakoze ako kanya kikabatera gukora icyaha. Hashingiwe ku bimaze gusobanurwa byose, impamvu y’ubusembure ikaba nta shingiro ifite.

2.Kumenya niba Nyiraminani Julienne na Muhawenimana Angélique bagabanyirizwa igihano Kuri Nyiraminani Julienne [22] Nyiraminani Julienne n’umwunganira bavuga ko yasize mu rugo abana babiri kandi bato batagira kirera akaba afite impungenge z’uko bazahohoterwa, bagasaba ko agabanyirizwa igihano agahanishwa igihano gito gishoboka kugira ngo ajye kubarera.

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[23] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko ibisabwa na Nyiraminani Julienne nta shingiro bifite kuko yagabanyirijwe igihano ku buryo buhagije, byongeye kandi akaba adakwiye kwitwaza ingaruka mbi z’icyaha yakoze ngo asabe kugabanyirizwa igihano, hashingiwe ku murongo watanzwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga mu rubanza RPAA 0020/14/CS rwaciwe ku wa 15/09/2017, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Nyirabigirimana Olive. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [24] Impaka kuri iyi ngingo zishingiye ku kumenya niba igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25) Nyiraminani Julienne yahanishijwe cyakongera kugabanywa hashingiwe ku mpamvu y’uko yasize mu rugo abana babiri kandi bakiri, badafite kirera. [25] Ikibazo cyo kumenya niba uregwa yakwitwaza ingaruka z’icyaha yakoze ngo asabe kugabanyirizwa igihano cyatanzweho umurongo n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga mu rubanza RPA 0129/10/CS rwaciwe ku wa 07/03/2014 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Mpitabakana; muri urwo rubanza Urukiko rwasobanuye ko “Ntawakwitwaza ingaruka mbi z’icyaha ngo asabe kugabanyirizwa igihano.” Uyu murongo kandi ni nawo wagiye ukurikizwa mu zindi manza zaciwe n’uru Rukiko, harimo urubanza RPAA 262/2023/CA rwaciwe ku wa 29/11/2024 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Uwizeyimana Chantal (igika cya 41) n’urubanza RPAA 00417/2023/CA rwaciwe ku wa 20/12/2024 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Mugambage Fred (igika cya 21). [26] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga kuba Nyiraminani Julienne asaba kugabanyirizwa igihano kubera impungenge z’uburere bw’abana yasize bakiri bato nta shingiro bifite, kuko kuba atari kumwe nabo ubu ngo abiteho ari ingaruka z’icyaha yakoze, bikaba rero bitafatwa nk’impamvu nyoroshyacyaha yatuma agabanyirizwa igihano hashingiwe ku murongo watanzwe mu manza zavuzwe haruguru. [27] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga ariko n’ubwo Ubujurire bwa Nyiraminani Julienne budahawe ishingiro, nta cyabuza ko hasuzumwa ibijyanye n’igihano hagamijwe kureba niba icyo yahawe gihwanye n’uburemere bw’icyaha yakoze, hakanashingirwa ku zindi mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha, nk’uko byatanzweho umurongo n’uru Rukiko mu rubanza RPAA 00039/2021/CA rwaciwe ku wa 02/07/2021 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Shakabatenda Jean de Dieu, aho rwarasesenguye ingingo ya 49, igika cya mbere y’Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange nk’uko ryahinduwe kugeza ubu11 maze rugatanga umurongo uvuga ko “nta cyabuza Urukiko kugabanyiriza igihano uregwa, hagamijwe gutanga igihano gihwanye n’uburemere bw’icyaha kabone n’ubwo impamvu z’ubujurire zaba zitahawe ishingiro”; uwo murongo kandi ukaba waragiye ukurikizwa mu zindi manza zaciwe n’uru Rukiko, mu zaciwe vuba hakaba harimo nk’urubanza RPAA 00086/2023/CA rwaciwe ku wa 19/12/2024 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Uwizeyimana Jean Marie Vianney (igika cya 31) n’urubanza RPAA 00445/2023/CA rwaciwe ku wa 27/12/2024 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Ayingeneye Jeanne (igika cya 25).

1 Iyo ngingo ya 49 iteganya ko «Umucamanza atanga igihano akurikije uburemere bw'icyaha, ingaruka icyaha cyateye, impamvu zatumye agikora, uko uwagikoze yari asanzwe yitwara, imibereho ye bwite n’uburyo icyaha cyakozwemo».

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[28] Uru Rukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga n’ubwo Nyiraminani Julienne yakoze icyaha kiremereye cyo kwica umugabo we, ariko kandi hakurikijwe ko nta kindi cyaha yahamijwe n’inkiko icyaha mu buryo buzwi, byamubera impamvu nyoroshyacyaha yashingirwaho akagabanyirizwa igihano mu buryo buruseho, agahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri (20). Kuri Muhawenimana Angélique [29] Muhawenimana Angélique n’umwunganira bavuga ko mbere yaburanye ahakana icyaha ariko kuri uru rwego akaba aje kuvugisha ukuri. Asobanura ko yemera ko yagize uruhare mu iyicwa rya se Habineza François amukubita isuka mu mutwe inshuro nyinshi nawe atazi neza kubera igihunga, akaba asaba ko kwemera icyaha kwe kwamubera impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, akagabanyirizwa igihano. [30] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko kuba mu nkiko zabanje Muhawenimana Angélique yaraburanye ahakana icyaha ubu akaba avuga ko aje kucyemera ku rwego rw’ubujurire bwa kabiri rero ko kuba aje kwemera mu bujurire bwa kabiri, iyo mpamvu ye y’ubujurire idakwiye kwakirwa ngo isuzumwe kuko itigeze iburanishwa mbere, avuga kandi ko Muhawenimana Angélique adakwiye kugabanyirizwa igihano kuko yahanishijwe igihano gito giteganywa n’itegeko. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [31] Impaka kuri Iki kibazo zishingiye ku kumenya niba ukwemera icyaha Muhawenimana Angélique akoreye bwa mbere ku rwego rw’ubujurire bwa kabiri kwashingirwaho akagabanyirizwa igihano. [32] Ikibazo cyo kumenya niba kwemera icyaha bwa mbere mu bujurire byaba impamvu nyoroshyacyaha yagirira akamaro uregwa, cyatanzweho umurongo n’Uru Rukiko mu rubanza Nº RPAA 00048/2020/CA rwaciwe ku wa 26/05/2022 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Bimenyimana Jean Paul, muri urwo rubanza Urukiko rwasobanuye ko “Kwemera icyaha bwa mbere mu bujurire, bitagirira akamaro uregwa kuko ujurira aba azanye ingingo nshya ataburanishije mu nkiko zibanza kandi umucamanza w’ubujurire afite gusa inshingano yo gukosora amakosa yaba yarakozwe n’izo nkiko.” Uwo murongo ukaba ari nawo wagiye ukurikizwa mu zindi manza zaciwe vuba n’uru Rukiko harimo urubanza RPAA 00394/2024/CA rwaciwe ku wa 13/12/2024, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Bakundukize (ibika bya 15, 16 na 17) n’urubanza RPAA 00230/2023/CA rwaciwe ku wa 20/12/2024 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Haramajyambere Siméon (igika cya 17). [33] Ku birebana na Muhawenimana Angélique, dosiye igaragaza ko abazwa mu nzego z’iperereza yahakanye icyaha akurikiranyweho, akomeza kugihakana aburana mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Ngoma ndetse no mu bujurire bwe mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana avuga ko yahamijwe icyaha cyakozwe adahari kuko yahageze agasanga Se yamaze gupfa, ariko ubwo bujurire ntibwahabwa ishingiro kuko atabasha kuvuguruza ibimenyetso bihari, Urukiko rwemeza ko ahamwa n’icyaha aregwa. [34] Urukiko rw’ubujurire rurasanga hashingiwe ku murongo watanzwe mu manza zavuzwe haruguru (igika cya 32), kuri uru rwego nta kindi Muhawenimana Angélique anenga urubanza yajuririye uretse kuvuga ko aje kwemera icyaha nyamara yaramaze kugihamywa n’Urukiko,

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ukwemera icyaha akoze bwa mbere kuri uru rwego rwa kabiri rw’ubujurire kukaba rero kutashingirwaho nk’impamvu yatuma agabanyirizwa igihano, bityo iyi ngingo y’ubujurire ikaba nta shingiro ifite. [35] Urukiko rurasanga kandi igihano Muhawenimana Angélique yahanishijwe cyo gufungwa mu gihe cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) kigomba kugumaho kuko ari cyo gihano gito gishoboka ku cyaha cy’ubwicanyi yahamijwe, hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 2 y’Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, iteganya ko “Iyo umucamanza yemeje impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, ashobora kugabanya igihano ku buryo bukurikira: (a) igifungo cya burundu gishobora kugabanywa ariko ntikijye munsi y’igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 15;…”.

3.Kumenya niba Dushimimana Jeanne adahamwa n’icyaha cy’ubwicanyi cyakorewe umubyeyi we Habineza François [36] Dushimimana Jeanne n’umwunganira bavuga ko mbere yaburanye atavugisha ukuri kuko yashakaga guhishira murumuna we, ariko kuri uru rwego akaba aje kugaragaza ko nta ruhare yagize mu cyaha aregwa. Asobanura ko se yishwe na nyina afatanyije na Muhawenimana Angélique kuko we (Dushimimana Jeanne) yari yabanje gutemwa na nyakwigendera agahita ajyanwa kwa muganga nk’uko bigaragazwa n’amafoto ari muri dosiye yerekana ko yari apfutse mu mutwe no ku ntoki, ko rero atazi igihe se yiciwe. [37] Dushimimana Jeanne n’umwunganira bavuga ko icyo yemera ari uko yajyanye na nyina n’abavandimwe be aho se yahingaga, kandi ko mu batangabuhamya bose babajijwe ntawagaragaje uruhare rwe muri icyo cyaha aregwa; bavuga kandi ko bitashoboka ko abantu bane bakoresha intwaro ebyiri (umuhoro n’isuka) ngo bazicishe umuntu umwe, ko rero zakoreshejwe na Muhawenimana Angélique na Nyiraminani Julienne nk’uko babyiyemerera. [38] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko ubujurire bwa Dushimimana Jeanne nta shingiro bufite, kuko adahakana ko yajyanye na nyina n’abavandimwe be aho se yahingaga kandi umubare w’intwaro zakoreshejwe ukaba ntacyo uhindura ku ikorwa ry’icyaha. Akomeza asobanura ko abatangabuhamya babajijwe bose bemeza ko Habineza François yishwe n’umugore we Nyiraminani Julienne afatanyije n’abakobwa be bamusanze mu murima, kandi na Dushimimana Jeanne akaba yari abarimo, bityo nawe akaba yaratije umurindi ikorwa ry’icyaha; naho ibyo avuga ko nawe yari yabanje gutemwa na se bikaba atari ukuri ahubwo abavandimwe be aribo bamutemye muri uwo muvundo baziko batemye se. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [39] Impaka kuri iki kibazo zishingiye ku kumenya niba hari uruhare Dushimimana Jeanne yagize mu cyaha cy’ubwicanyi cyakorewe se Habineza François. [40] Ibijyanye n’icyaha gikozwe n’abantu benshi mu gihiriri byasobanuwe mu rubanza RPA 0121/07/CS rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 18/04/2008, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Munyampundu na Muvunyi Edouard, aho rwatanze umurongo ukurikira : “Ku cyaha cyakozwe n’igihiriri cy’abantu benshi bayobowe n’uburakari, cyane cyane icyaha cyo gukubita no

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gukomeretsa ndetse no kwica, si ngombwa ko ugikurikiranyweho aba nawe yafashe intwaro ngo ateme cyangwa ngo akubite kugira ngo aryozwe icyo cyaha, apfa gusa kuba yari muri iyo mbaga kandi icyaha kikaba cyakozwe.” Uyu murongo kandi wakomeje gukurikizwa mu manza zaciwe n’uru Rukiko, mu ziheruka gucibwa twavuga nk’urubanza RPAA 00116/2023/CA rwaciwe ku wa 29/05/2024 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Hakizimana Emmanuel (igika cya 14) n’urubanza RPAA 00019/2024/CA rwaciwe ku wa 25/09/2024 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Kigenza Charles bita Toto (igika cya 16). [41] Ubujurire bwa Dushimimana Jeanne bugamije kumvikanisha ko nta ruhare yagize mu rupfu rwa se Habineza François kuko ibikorwa byo kumwica byakozwe adahari, yagiye kwa muganga kuko yari yamukomerekeje ku ikubitiro, akaza kugaruka asanga yamaze kwicwa. [42] Nk’uko bigaragara mu rubanza rwajuririwe (igika cya 13 n’icya 14), Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana rushingiye ku mvugo z’abatangabuhamya babajijwe aribo Mukamageza Costasie, Ruhinguka Charles na Mukeshimana Louise biboneye ibikorwa byagejeje Habineza François ku rupfu, rwemeje ko nta shiti ko abaregwa bose (harimo na Dushimimana Jeanne) bafatanyije kwica Habineza François. [43] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga ibisobanuro Dushimimana Jeanne ashingiraho ubujurire bwe nta kigaragaza ko ari ukuri kuko uretse kubivuga gusa nta kimenyetso atanga kibigaragaza ; ahubwo nk’uko byasobanuwe haruguru mu gika cya 19 y’uru rubanza (ahasuzumwaga niba nyakwigendera ari we wasembuye abaregwa ubwo yabirukankanaga ndetse akabatema) mu mvugo z’abatangabuhamya batandukanye babonye ibyabaye kandi n’abaregwa bakaba badahakana ko bari aho icyaha cyakorewe, barimo Mukamageza Costasie (wavuze ko yahinganaga na nyakwigendera), Ruhinguka Charles (wavuze ko yahingaga hepfo ya nyakwigendera) na Mukeshimana Louise (wavuze ko yahingaga haruguru ya nyakwigendera nko muri 50m), bose ntawe uvuga ko yabonye nyakwigendera yirukankana abaregwa akanatema Dushimimana Jeanne. Ahubwo imvugo za Mukamageza Costasie na Mukeshimana Louise zigaragaza ko bahuriza ku kuba Dushimimana Jeanne yarakomerekejwe na murumuna we Muhawenimana Angélique ubwo yashakaga gutema se umuhoro ugafata Dushimimana Jeanne. [44] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga kandi mu buhamya bwe Mukeshimana Louise anavuga ko Dushimimana Jeanne ari we wakubise nyakwigendera isuka ya nyuma mu mutwe ugutwi kukavaho, kandi ko ubwo bageraga aho nyakwigendera yaguye basanze Dushimimana Jeanne afite isuka iriho amaraso ; ibi rero bikaba byumvikanisha ko ibikorwa byo kwica se byakozwe ahari kandi ko yanabigizemo uruhare. Kuba yaba yaraje kujyanwa kwa muganga nyuma nk’uko bigaragazwa n’amafoto ari muri dosiye yerekana ko yari apfutse mu mutwe no ku ntoki bikaba ntacyo bihindura ku bimaze gusobanurwa. [45] Urukiko rurasanga kandi kuba Dushimimana Jeanne nawe yaragize uruhare mu iyicwa rya se bishimangirwa n’ibikubiye mu nyandiko iri muri dosiye yiswe « Ibyo twabonye ahabereye icyaha » yakozwe n’Abagenzacyaha bo ku Rwego rw’Ubugenzacyaha rwa Kirehe, aho bavuga ko ubwo bagera aho nyakwigendera yiciwe ku munsi icyaha cyakoreweho mu masaha ya saa yine za mu gitondo bahasanze Nyiraminani Julienne Muhawenimana Angélique na Uwimana Joyce kandi ko bemeraga ko ari bo bishe nyakwigendera bakanavuga ko na Dushimimana Jeanne (wari wagiye kwa muganga) nawe bafatanyije gukora icyaha.

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[46] Hashingiwe ku bisobanuro byose byatanzwe mu bika bibanziriza iki, no ku murongo wavuzwe haruguru mu gika cya 40 cy’uru rubanza, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga Dushimimana Jeanne ahamwa n’icyaha cy’ubwicanyi cyakorewe umubyeyi we Habineza François, kuko uretse no kuba adahakana ko yazanye na nyina Nyiraminani Julienne n’abavandimwe be kandi nk’uko byagaragajwe akaba yari kumwe nabo ubwo bicaga nyakwigendera, nawe yabatije umurindi ubwo yamukubitaga isuka mu mutwe, bityo ubujurire bwe bukaba nta shingiro bufite. [47] Urukiko rurasanga kandi igihano Dushimimana Jeanne yahanishijwe cyo gufungwa mu gihe cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) kigomba kugumaho kuko ari cyo gihano gito gishoboka ku cyaha cy’ubwicanyi yahamijwe, hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 2 y’Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, iteganya ko “Iyo umucamanza yemeje impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, ashobora kugabanya igihano ku buryo bukurikira: (a) igifungo cya burundu gishobora kugabanywa ariko ntikijye munsi y’igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 15;… III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [48] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Nyiraminani Julienne, ubwa Muhawenimana Angélique n’ubwa Dushimimana Jeanne nta shingiro bufite. [49] Rwemeje ko urubanza RPA/MIN 00005//2021/HC/RWG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru/ Urugereko rwa Rwamagana ku wa 19/05/2021, ruhindutse gusa ku birebana n’igihano Nyiraminani Julienne ahanishijwe. [50] Ruhanishije Nyiraminani Julienne igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri (20) aho kuba imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25) yari yahanishijwe n’Urukiko Rukuru. [51] Rutegetse ko igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) Muhawenimana Angélique yahanishijwe kigumyeho. [52] Rutegetse ko igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) Dushimimana Jeanne yahanishijwe kigumyeho. [53] Rutegetse ko Nyiraminani Julienne, Muhawenimana Angélique na Dushimimana Jeanne basonewe amagarama y’urubanza kuko baburana bafunze.