UBUSHINJABYAHA v. MBARUSHIMANA

# UBUSHINJABYAHA v. MBARUSHIMANA

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2025-03-28 - Case/document no.: RPAA 00592/2024/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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UBUSHINJABYAHA v. MBARUSHIMANA [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE –RPAA 00592/2024/CA (Mukandamage P.J) 28 Werurwe 2025] Amategeko agenga ibimenyetso mu manza – Ibimenyetso mu manza nshinjabyaha – Mu manza nshinjabyaha, ibimenyetso byose bishobora gushingirwaho mu gihe bigaragaza ukuri kw’ibyabaye (principe de la liberté de la preuve en matière pénale) ababuranyi bakaba barahawe uburyo bwo kuhaba ngo banyomozanye, kandi Urukiko nirwo rwemeza ko ibyo bimenyetso bishobora kwemerwa. Incamake y’Ikibazo: Ubushinjacyaha bwakurikiranye uregwa mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Musanze bumurega icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana, nyuma yuko acyetsweho gusambanya umwana we witwa N. E. w’imyaka icumi (10) y’amavuko, bivugwa ko yahengereye umugore we yagiye mu kazi, afata uwo mwana, aramusambanya bucyeye bwaho nyina ageze mu rugo asanga umwana arimo gukaraba, amubajije impamvu, amubwira ko mu gitsina cye hari kuvamo ibintu by’umweru ko kandi se yamusambanyije. Urwo Rukiko rwaciye urubanza rusanga hari ibimenyetso bigaragaza ko Uregwa yakoze icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana, maze rumuhanisha igifungo cya burundu. Uregwa yajuririye Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Musanze avuga ko Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Musanze rwamuhamije icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana rwirengagije ibyo yavuze apfa n’umugore we, ko imvugo z’abatangabuhamya zitagombaga gushingirwaho, kuko bavuze ibyo batabonye na raporo ya Muganga yashingiweho kandi itaragaragajwe. Urwo Rukiko rwasanze ubujurire nta shingiro bufite, kuko ibimenyetso byatanzwe n’Ubushinjacyaha bimuhamya icyaha aregwa cyo gusambanya umwana we, rwemeza ko akomeza guhanishwa igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu. Uregwa nanone yajuririye Urukiko rw’Ubujurire, avuga ko ibimenyetso byashingiweho birimo imvugo z’umwana iz’umugore we, iz’abatangabuhamya na raporo ya Muganga nta gaciro byagomaga guhabwa, kubera ko ari umugore wamugambaniye agamije kumufungisha kubera amakimbirane bafitanye yemejwe n’inzego z’Akagari. Ubushinjacyaha bwo buburana buvuga ko ubujurire nta shingiro bufite, kuko ibimenyetso Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Musanze rwashingiyeho atari imvugo y’umwana gusa, kandi nta n’ikigaragaza ko ibyo yavuze yabishyizwemo na nyina, cyane cyane ko umwana yajyanywe kwa Muganga icyaha kikimara kuba, raporo ye ikaba yaragaragaje ko mwana yasambanyijwe, hakaba nta kimenyetso gishimangira ibyo avuga ko nyina yari yaragambiriye kuzamufungisha. Incamake y’Icyemezo: Mu manza nshinjabyaha, ibimenyetso byose bishobora gushingirwaho mu gihe bigaragaza ukuri kw’ibyabaye (principe de la liberté de la preuve en matière pénale) ababuranyi bakaba barahawe uburyo bwo kuhaba ngo banyomozanye, kandi Urukiko nirwo rwemeza ko ibyo bimenyetso bishobora kwemerwa. Ubujurire nta shingiro bufite.

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Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko N° 15/2004 ryo ku wa 12/06/2004 ryerekeye ibimenyetso mu manza n’itangwa ryabyo, ingingo ya 119. Itegeko Nº 062/2024 ryo ku wa 20/06/2024 rigenga ibimenyetso, Ingingo ya 87. Imanza z’Ifashishijwe: Ubushinjacyaha vs Ndayishimiye Jean Damascène, RPAA 00692/2021/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 20/01/2023. Ubushinjacyaha vs Baziramwabo alias Museveni, RPAA 00206/2023/CA, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 30/01/2025. Urubanza I. Imiterere y’ Urubanza [1] Ku wa 01/12/2020, Mbarushimana yacyetsweho gusambanya umwana we witwa N. E. w’imyaka icumi (10) y’amavuko, bivugwa ko yahengereye umugore we Akimanizanye Epiphanie yagiye mu kazi, afata uwo mwana amukura mu cyumba cyabo amujyana mu cyo araramo aramusambanya amutegeka kutazagira uwo abibwira, bucyeye bwaho ku wa 02/12/2020 saa cyenda z’amanywa (15h00’) nyina ageze mu rugo asanga umwana arimo gukaraba, amubajije impamvu, amubwira ko mu gitsina cye hari kuvamo ibintu by’umweru ko kandi se yamusambanyije, maze ahamagaza Abajyanama b’ubuzima, umwana yongera kuvuga ko se yamusambanyije, hanyuma Mbarushimana Gustave ashyikirizwa Ubugenzacyaha. [2] Nyuma y’iperereza, Ubushinjacyaha bwatanze ikirego mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Musanze burega Mbarushimana icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana, busaba ko ahamwa n’icyo cyaha agahanishwa igifungo cya burundu giteganywa n’ingingo ya 133 y’Itegeko n° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange. [3] Uregwa yaburanye ahakana icyaha aregwa cyo gusambanya umwana we, avuga ko icyatumye umugore we amushinja ari amakimbirane bafitanye azwi n’ubuyobozi bw’Umudugudu, kandi ko abana n’ubwandu bw’agakoko gatera Sida, akaba atari kumusambanya. [4] Mu rubanza n° RP 00110/2021/TGI/MUS rwaciwe ku wa 20/01/2022, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Musanze rwasanze hari ibimenyetso bigaragaza ko Mbarushimana Gustave yakoze icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana, birimo imvugo z’umwana wavuze ko se yamusambanyije, ubuhamya bwatanzwe na Twagirihirwe Odette, Umujyanama w’Ubuzima, raporo ya Muganga yagaragaje ko umwana yasambanyijwe, maze rumuhanisha igifungo cya burundu. [5] Mbarushimana Gustave yajuririye Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Musanze avuga ko Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Musanze rwamuhamije icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana rwirengagije ibyo yavuze apfa n’umugore we, ko imvugo z’abatangabuhamya zitagombaga gushingirwaho, kuko bavuze ibyo batabonye na raporo ya Muganga yashingiweho kandi itaragaragajwe. Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha yavuze ko ubujurire bwa Mbarushimana nta shingiro bufite, kuko mu kumuhamya icyaha hatashingiwe ku mvugo z’umugore we gusa, kuko hari ibindi bimenyetso

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birimo imvugo z’umwana n’ubuhamya bwa Twagirihirwe Odette na raporo ya Muganga ishimangira imvugo z’umwana. [6] Mu rubanza n° RPA 00394/2022/HC/MUS rwaciwe ku wa 19/06/2024, Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Musanze rwasanze ubujurire bwa Mbarushimana nta shingiro bufite, kuko ibimenyetso byatanzwe n’Ubushinjacyaha bimuhamya icyaha aregwa cyo gusambanya umwana we, rwemeza ko akomeza guhanishwa igifungo cya burundu. [7] Mbarushimana yajuririye Urukiko rw’Ubujurire, urubanza ruhabwa n° RPAA 00592/2024/CA, ruburanishwa mu ruhame ku wa 05/03/2025, Mbarushimana yunganiwe na Me Shema T. Gérald, naho Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na Niyonkuru Françoise, Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’Igihugu. [8] Mu myanzuro no mu miburanire, Mbarushimana avuga ko ibimenyetso byashingiweho birimo imvugo z’umwana iz’umugore we, iz’abatangabuhamya na raporo ya Muganga nta gaciro byagomaga guhabwa, kubera ko ari umugore wamugambaniye agamije kumufungisha kubera amakimbirane bafitanye yemejwe n’inzego z’Akagari. Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko ubujurire bwatanzwe na Mbarushimana nta shingiro bufite, kubera ko ibimenyetso byatanzwe n’Ubushinjacyaha bimuhamya icyaha aregwa. [9] Ikibazo kigomba gusuzumwa muri uru rubanza ni icyo kumenya niba Mbarushimana yarahamijwe icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana hashingiwe ku bimenyetso bishidikanywaho. II. ISESENGURA RY’IKIBAZO KIGIZE URUBANZA: Kumenya niba Mbarushimana yarahamijwe icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana hashingiwe ku bimenyetso bishidikanywaho [10] Uregwa n’umwunganira bavuga ko ibyo umwana yavuze amushinja ari ibyo yabwirijwe na nyina agamije kumufungisha kubera amakimbirane bafitanye, nk’uko bigaragazwa na raporo yo ku wa 11/10/2024 yakozwe n’Ubuyobozi bw’Umudugudu wa Rwamigimbi ishyirwaho umukono n’Umunyamabanga Nshingwabikorwa w’Akagari ka Kabushinge yemeza amakimbirane yari hagati ye n’umugore we Akimanizanye Epiphanie. [11] Uregwa n’umwunganira bavuga kandi ko raporo ya Muganga ivuga ko nta karangabusugi umwana afite, ariko ko hirengagijwe ko gashobora gukurwaho n’izindi mpamvu atasambanyijwe, kandi ko Muganga nta bikomere nta n’amasohoro yabonye mu gitsina cy’umwana nk’uko bigaragazwa na raporo. Bavuga na none ko Muganga yagaragaje ko yabonyemo ururenda, ariko ko nta rwapimwe ngo hamenyekane niba koko ari amasohoro ya Mbarushimana. [12] Uregwa n’umwunganira banavuga ko ibyavuzwe n’abatangabuhamya bitari bikwiye guhabwa agaciro, kuko ibyo bavuze ari ibyo babwiwe na Akimanizanye Epiphanie ndetse n’umwana wari wabanje kubibwirizwa na nyina. [13] Uregwa n’umwunganira basoza bavuga ko ibimenyetso byashingiweho mu kumuhamya icyaha bidahagije, kandi nk’uko byatanzweho umurongo mu rubanza nº RPAA 00536/2023/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 22/11/2024, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Nshogoza

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Emmanuel, Urukiko rwasanze nta bimenyetso simusiga ku buryo budashidikanywaho bimuhamya icyaha, maze rwemeza ko agomba guhanagurwaho icyaha inkiko za mbere zamuhamije, bagasaba ko nawe yagirwa umwere ku cyaha cyo gusambanya umwana. [14] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko impamvu z’ubujurire zatanzwe na Mbarushimana nta shingiro zifite, kuko ibimenyetso Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Musanze rwashingiyeho atari imvugo y’umwana gusa, kandi nta n’ikigaragaza ko ibyo yavuze yabishyizwemo na nyina, cyane cyane ko umwana yajyanywe kwa Muganga icyaha kikimara kuba, raporo ye ikaba yaragaragaje ko umwana yasambanyijwe, hakaba nta kimenyetso gishimangira ibyo avuga ko nyina yari yaragambiriye kuzamufungisha. [15] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha akomeza avuga ko ntacyabuza ko ubuhamya bw’umwana buhabwa agaciro, kuko yasobanuye uburyo se yamusambanyije, akaba yaranabisubiyemo adategwa na se ahari, kandi ko mu rubanza nº RPAA 0012/08/CS rwaciwe ku wa 26/22/2010, haburana Ubushinjacyaha, Hakizimana Servillien na Sibomana, Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwasobanuye ko uwahohotewe cyangwa umubyeyi we umufiteho uburenganzira (muri uru rubanza umwana uvugwa yitwa Dusenge wahohotewe naho nyina akitwa Mujawamariya), batabujijwe gutanga ibisobanuro bijyanye n’icyaha cyakorewe uwahohotewe bakanagitangira ibimenyetso. [16] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga kandi ko Muganga wasuzumye umwana yagaragaje ko akarangabusugi ke kashwanyutse, asoza atanga umwanzuro ko yasambanyijwe, akaba atari ananiwe kwemeza ko kangiritse kera kandi kangijwe n’izindi mpamvu, ko ibyo Mbarushimana avuga ko afitanye amakimbirane n’umugore atagaragaza ko ayafitanye n’umwana, kuko umwana w’imyaka icumi (10) y’amavuko atatekerwa ibyo avuga ngo bikunde, kuko aba akiri muto yageraho akavuga ko ari nyina wabimubwiye, kandi ko raporo ya Muganga yaje kumara izo mpaka zose. [17] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko nta tegeko ribuza umuntu gutanga ubuhamya yabwiwe, cyane cyane ko iki cyaha kidakorerwa ku mugaragaro, kuko hari igihe habaho gufatirwa mu cyuho, hari n’igihe habaho gutabaza, abaje gutabara basanga igikorwa cyarangiye. Asoza asaba ko hakwemezwa ko urubanza Mbarushimana yajuririye rudahindutse. Uko Urukiko rubibona [18] Impaka muri uru rubanza zishingiye ku kumenya niba Mbarushimana yarahamijwe icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana we w’imyaka icumi (10) y’amavuko hashingiwe ku bimenyetso bishidikanywaho. [19] Kubyerekeranye n’ibimenyetso mu manza n’itangwa ryabyo, mu rubanza n° RPAA 00692/2021/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 20/01/2023, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Ndayishimiye Jean Damascène, hasesenguwe ingingo ya 119 y’Itegeko n° 15/2004 ryo ku wa 12/06/2004 ryerekeye ibimenyetso mu manza n’itangwa ryabyo1, harebwe cyane cyane ku mwihariko w’imanza nshinjabyaha, maze urukiko rusobanura ko mu manza nshinjabyaha, ibimenyetso byose bishobora gushingirwaho mu gihe bigaragaza ukuri kw’ibyabaye (principe de la liberté de la preuve en matière pénale) ababuranyi bakaba barahawe uburyo bwo kuhaba ngo

1 Iyo ngingo ihura n’ingingo ya 87 y’Itegeko nº 062/2024 ryo ku wa 20/06/2024 rigenga ibimenyetso.

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banyomozanye, kandi ko Urukiko arirwo rwemeza ko ibyo bimenyetso bishobora kwemerwa. Iri hame ryashingiweho mu zindi manza zakurikiyeho zaciwe n’uru rukiko, harimo n’urubanza n° RPAA 00206/2023/CA, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 30/01/2025 Ubushinjacyaha buburana na Baziramwabo Fabien alias Museveni. [20] Nk’uko bigaragara mu rubanza n° RPA 00394/2022/HC/MUS rwajuririwe, Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Musanze rwahamije Mbarushimana icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana rushingiye ku bimenyetso bikurikira: - imvugo z’umwana wasambanyijwe wavuze ko se Mbarushimana yahengereye nyina yagiye mu kazi, amusanga aho yari aryamanye na Uwineza amusaba kuza ku buriri bwabo, amuryama hejuru amushyiramo igitsina cye, arangije amubwira ko abiceceka akazamuha amafaranga ijana (100 Frw), maze ahita ajya mu kazi, nyina atashye arabimubwira, nawe abibwira abanyabuzima n’Umukuru w’Umudugudu; - ubuhamya bwatanzwe na Uwimana Jacqueline wavuze ko Akimanizanye Epiphanie yazanye n’umwana we, uyu amubwira ko iyo nyina agiye gukora ikiraka, se amubwira kujya mu cyumba cyabo akamushyiramo igitsina, nyina amubwira ko yavuye mu kazi asanga umwana yikingiranye mu nzu arimo kwihanagura mu gitsina, umwana amubwira uko byagenze, ahamagara Umukuru w’Umudugudu nawe ahamagara se w’umwana aho yari mu kazi ko gusatura imbaho barazana, noneho umwana abivuga na se ahari, barebye ku gitsina cy’umwana basanga harimo kuvamo ibintu bisa n’umweru, se abibonye avuga ko birimo guterwa n’indwara asanganywe, kandi ko ibyo umwana arimo kuvuga ari ibyo yabwirijwe na nyina. Uwimana Jacqueline yongeyeho ko mu muryango wabo hasanzwe amakimbirane, kandi ko atari ubwa mbere Mbarushimana arezwe icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana; - ubuhamya bwa Twagirihirwe Odette, Umujyanama w’Ubuzima wavuze ko ubwo yari ku biro by’umudugudu yahamagawe na Uwimana Jacqueline amubwira ko Akimanizanye Epiphanie aje kumureba akamubwira ko umwana we yasambanyijwe, ajya gushaka se w’umwana aho bari bamumurangiye, bahageze umwana ababwira ko nyina yagiye mu kazi, maze se amujyana ku buriri bwabo amushyiramo igitsina amubwira ko nabivuga azamukubita anamwemerera amafaranga ijana (100 Frw), naho Mbarushimana avuga ko umwana asanganwe uburwayi bwo mu gitsina, kandi ko ibyo arimo kuvuga yabibwirijwe na nyina kubera amakibirane bafitanye. Yongeyeho ko barebye ku gitsina cy’umwana basangaho ibintu bisa nk’umweru, kandi ko Mbarushimana yigeze gufungirwa icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana; - raporo yo ku wa 03/12/2020 yakozwe na Dr Twizerimana Laetitia wo ku bitaro bya Ruhengeri, yagaragaje ko hari ibice by’igitsina bizima ariko ko akarangabusugi k’umwana kashwanyaguritse, ko mu gitsina harimo kuvamo amatembabuzi asa n’umuhondo anuka kandi afite uburwayi bw’umuyoboro w’inkari, ko bigaragara ko yasambanyijwe (Hymen dechiquetté, liquide jaunâtre de mauvaise audeur qui sort du sexe, infection urinaire, en conclusion: elle a été violé sexuellement). [21] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga ibyo Mbarushimana avuga ko umwana yamushinje abwirijwe na nyina kubera amakimbirane bari bafitanye agambiriye kumufungisha nta shingiro bifite, kuko ibyo umwana yavuze ko yasamanyijwe na se nk’uko byagarutsweho haruguru

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byashimangiwe na raporo ya Muganga yagaragaje ko umwana yasamanyijwe kuko yasanze akarangabusugi ke kashwanyutse. [22] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga kandi ibyo Mbarushimana n’umwunganira bavuga ko raporo ya Muganga nta gaciro igomba guhabwa kuko atapimye amatembabuzi yabonye ku mwana ngo agaragaze niba ari amasohoro ye nta shingiro bifite kuko, n’ubwo ayo matembabuzi atapimwe, Muganga yabonye ko umwana yasambanyijwe nk’uko byavuzwe haruguru, kandi nta wundi wabikoze uretse Mbarushimana ushinjwa n’umwana we. [23] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga kandi ubuhamya bwatanzwe na Uwimana Jacqueline n’ubwa Twagirihirwe Odette butateshwa agaciro, kuko bavuga ibyo babonye ku gitsina cy’umwana n’ibyo bumvise uwo mwana avuga na se ahibereye, bihura n’ibyo Muganga yabonye mu gihe yasuzumaga umwana, Mbarushimana rero akaba nta mpamvu ishingiye ku mategeko yatuma ubuhamya bwabo budahabwa agaciro. [24] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga rero, ibimenyetso byashingiweho n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Musanze mu guhamya Mbarushimana icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana we w’imyaka icumi (10) y’amavuko bidashidikanywaho kandi byuzuzanya, ubujurire bwe bukaba nta shingiro bufite. [25] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga kandi kuba ubujurire bwatanzwe na Mbarushimana nta shingiro bufite, hagomba kugumaho imikirize y’urubanza yajuririye, cyane cyane ko igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu yahawe gihwanye n’uburemere bw’icyaha yakoze cyo gusambanya umwana muto cyane yibyariye w’imyaka icumi (10) y’amavuko akamwangiza nk’uko bigaragazwa na raporo ya Muganga, nyamara yari afite inshingano yo kumurera neza no kumurinda icyamuhungabanya. Igihano nk’icyo cyatanzwe mu manza zitandukanye z’abantu basambanyije abana babo zaciwe n’uru Rukiko, harimo n’urubanza nº RPAA 00538/2023/CA rwaciwe ku wa 21/02/2025, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Uwizeyimana Mathias waburanye ahakana icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana we w’imyaka cumi n’itatu (13) y’amavuko, ahanishwa igifungo cya burundu, kuko icyaha cyamuhamye. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [26] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwatanzwe na Mbarushimana nta shingiro bufite; [27] Rwemeje ko urubanza n° RPA 00394/2022/HC/MUS rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Musanze ku wa 19/06/2024 rugumanye agaciro mu ngingo zarwo zose; [28] Rwemeje ko igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu Mbarushimana yahawe muri urwo rubanza ku cyaha cyo gusambanya umwana we w’imyaka icumi (10) y’amavuko kigumyeho; [29] Ruvuze ko amagarama y’urubanza aherereye ku Isanduku ya Leta, kuko Mbarushimana yajuriye afunze, akaba asonewe kuyatanga.