UBUSHINJACYAHA v. NDAZIGARUYE

# UBUSHINJACYAHA v. NDAZIGARUYE

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2025-03-28 - Case/document no.: RS/REV/RP 00059/2024/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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UBUSHINJACYAHA v. NDAZIGARUYE [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RS/REV/RP 00059/2024/CA (Mukandamage P.J. 28Werurwe2025] Amategeko agenga imiburanishirize y’imanza nshinjabyaha – Gusubirishamo urubanza ingingo nshya – Uburanisha ikimenyetso gishya, agomba kugaragariza urukiko ko atigeze amenya ko gihari, cyangwa ko yari azi ko gihari ariko akaba atarashoboraga kukigeraho igihe yaburanaga – Ikimenyetso gishya kigomba kuba ari kamarampaka, ni ukuvuga ko cyashoboraga gutuma umucamanza afata icyemezo gitandukanye n’icyo yafashe. Incamake y’Ikibazo: Abitwa Ndazigaruye na Muhawenimana bacyetsweho icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana witwa M. E. w’imyaka cumi n’itatu (13) y’amavuko, bivugwa ko Muhawenimana yasabye uwo mwana wari waje kumuraza gusambana na Ndazigaruye wari uhageze nijoro, amubwira ko bari bumuhe amafaranga igihumbi (1.000 Frw), umwana abyanze babikora ku ngufu, Ubushinjacyaha bwabareze mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyagatare bubarega icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana. Urwo Rukiko rwaciye urubanza rusanga hari ibimenyetso bigaragaza ko Ndazigaruye na Muhawenimana bakoze icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana, rubahanisha igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu. Abaregwa bajuririye Urukiko Rukuru, Ndazigaruye avuga ko yarenganye, ko icyaha aregwa yakigeretsweho n’abayobozi bafitanye ikibazo naho Muhawenimana we ajurira yemera icyaha asaba kugabanyirizwa igihano, avuga ko ku rwego rwa mbere yanze kuvugisha ukuri kubera gutinya ko Ndazigaruye yamugirira nabi, asobanura ko yasabye umwana kuza kumuraza, bigeze nijoro Ndazigaruye aramusambanya. Urwo rukiko rwaciye urubanza rwemeza ko ubujurire bwa Ndazigaruye nta shingiro bufite, ko akomeza guhanishwa igihano cy’igifungo ya burundu, naho ko ubujurire bwa Muhawenimana bufite ishingiro, rumugabanyiriza igihano kubera ko yemeye icyaha kandi ari ubwa mbere aguye mu cyaha, rumuhanisha igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’ibiri (12). Ndazigaruye yajuririye Urukiko rw’Ubujurire avuga ko yahamijwe icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana kandi ntacyo yakoze, ko urukiko rutahaye agaciro imvugo ze, ahubwo rwitaye kubyavuzwe n’uwo bareganwa. Nyuma yo gusanga ubujurire bwe nta shingiro bufite, yaje gusubirishamo urwo rubanza ingingo nshya, ko hari ibimenyetso yabonye bigizwe n’inyandiko ya M. E uhakana ko yasambanyijwe n’iyanditswe n’Ubuyobozi bw’Akagari ka Nkoma bwemeza ko icyaha yashinjwe ntacyo yakoze. Ubushinjacyaha bwaburanye buvuga ko ikirego cya Ndazigaruye cyo gusubirishamo urubanza ingingo nshya kitakwakirwa, kubera ko ibimenyetso avuga byabonetse nyuma y’imyaka ine (4) icyaha kibayeho. Bukomeza buvuga ko ubuhamya umukobwa yatanze ashinja Ndazigaruye ko yamusambanyije bwahuye n’ubw’abandi batangabuhamya bose Urukiko rwashingiyeho, kandi ko Muhawenimana bakoranye icyaha yiyemeje kuvuga ukuri, asobanura uburyo icyaha cyakozwe atanga n’amabaruwa abiri (2) Ndazigaruye yamwandikiye bari muri gereza amusaba gukomeza guhakana icyaha. Incamake y’Icyemezo: Uburanisha ikimenyetso gishya, agomba kugaragariza urukiko ko atigeze amenya ko gihari, cyangwa ko yari azi ko gihari ariko akaba atarashoboraga kukigeraho igihe

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yaburanaga. Ikimenyetso gishya kigomba kuba ari kamarampaka, ni ukuvuga ko cyashoboraga gutuma umucamanza afata icyemezo gitandukanye n’icyo yafashe. Ikirego nticyakiriwe. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko Nº 027/2019 ryo ku wa 19/09/2019 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha ingingo ya 197. Imanza zifashishijwe: Shema Charles n’Undi vs I&M Bank Rwanda Plc, RS/REV/RCOM 00001/2018/SC, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 24/07/2020. Mulindahabi Fidèle vs Atraco, RS/REV/CIV 0002/12/SC, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 18/01/2019.

Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Ku wa 10/01/2016 mu masaha ya nimugoroba, Ndazigaruye na Muhawenimana Consolée bacyetsweho icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana witwa M. E. w’imyaka cumi n’itatu (13) y’amavuko, bivugwa ko Muhawenimana yasabye uwo mwana wari waje kumuraza gusambana na Ndazigaruye wari uhageze nijoro, amubwira ko bari bumuhe amafaranga igihumbi (1.000 Frw), umwana abyanze babikora ku ngufu, umwana aratabaza, abanyerondo baratabara, maze babashyikiriza Ubugenzacyaha. [2] Nyuma y’iperereza, Ubushinjacyaha bwatanze ikirego mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyagatare burega Ndazigaruye na Muhawenimana icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana, busaba ko bahamwa n’icyo cyaha, bagahanishwa igifungo cya burundu giteganywa n’ingingo ya 190 n’iya 191 z’Itegeko Ngenga n° 01/2012/OL ryo ku wa 02/05/2012 rishyiraho igitabo cy’amategeko ahana [3] Uregwa yaburanye ahakana icyaha avuga ko yarimo kunywa inzoga mu kabari ka Muhawenimana Umuyobozi w’Umudugugu n’uw’Akagari bamusaba ruswa kugirango bamuhe igipapuro cy’ubutaka yari yaguze yashakaga, ko ikibazo cy’umwana wasambanyijwe yakimenye afungiye kuri Police kubera ko yimye abo bayobozi ruswa. [4] Muhawenimana yireguye avuga ko Ndazigaruye yaje kunywera iwe, bigeze saa mbiri z'ijoro abona Umuyobozi w'Umudugudu n’uw’Akagari baje kumufata bamusohora ku ngufu ataramwishyura, avuze ko atamwishyuye bavuga ko arimo kumushyigikira nawe bahita bamufata, ko amagambo bavuga ko yavugiye mu Bugenzacyaha atazi aho yavuye, kuko ntayo yavuze. Muhawenimana yakomeje avuga ko abanyerondo baje gufata Ndazigaruye bari kumwe n'abo bayobozi, ko umwana Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko yasambanyijwe atigeze agera iwe, kandi ko kuva iwe ugera iwabo w’uwo mwana harimo ingo nka mirongo ine (40).

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[5] Mu rubanza n° RP 00047/2017/TGI/NYG rwaciwe ku wa 23/11/2017, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyagatare rwasanze hari ibimenyetso bigaragaza ko Ndazigaruye na Muhawenimana bakoze icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana, birimo imvugo za Ndazigaruye mu Bugenzacyaha aho yemeye ko yari aryamye kwa Muhawenimana uyu nawe akemeza ko yasambanyije umwana, imvugo za Mbihawenimana Samuel, se w’umwana uvuga ko yatabajwe n’abanyerondo, ubuhamya bwa Habamenshi Patrick wari ku irondo uvuga ko ari kumwe na bagenzi be bumvise umwana arimo gutaka, bakingura bagasanga ari ku buriri yambaye ubusa, hanyuma rubahanisha igifungo cya burundu. [6] Uregwa yajuririye Urukiko Rukuru avuga ko yarenganye, ko icyaha aregwa yakigeretsweho n’abayobozi bafitanye ikibazo. Muhawenimana nawe yajuriye yemera icyaha kandi acyicuza, asaba kugabanyirizwa igihano, avuga ko ku rwego rwa mbere yanze kuvugisha ukuri kubera gutinya ko Ndazigaruye yamugirira nabi, asobanura ko yasabye umwana kuza kumuraza, bigeze nijoro Ndazigaruye akamusambanya. Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha yavuze ko ubujurire bwatanzwe na Ndazigaruye n’ubwa Muhawenimana butahabwa ishingiro, asaba ko hagumaho imikirize y’urubanza rwajuririwe. [7] Mu rubanza n° RPA 00594/2017/HC/RWG-RPA 00029/2018/HC/RWG rwaciwe ku wa 12/07/2018, Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana rwasanze ubujurire bwatanzwe na Ndazigaruye nta shingiro bufite, rwemeza ko akomeza guhanishwa igifungo ya burundu, naho ubujurire bwa Muhawenimana bufite ishingiro, rumugabanyiriza igihano kubera ko yemeye icyaha kandi ari ubwa mbere aguye mu cyaha, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’ibiri (12). [8] Uregwa yajuririye Urukiko rw’Ubujurire avuga ko yahamijwe icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana kandi ntacyo yakoze, ko urukiko rutahaye agaciro imvugo ze, ahubwo rwitaye kubyavuzwe n’uwo bareganwa. Yanavuze ko ibimenyetso byashingiweho n’urukiko mu kumuhamya icyaha bivuguruzanya kandi bishidikanywaho, ko n’abatangabuhamya yasabye ko babazwa batabajijwe. Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha yavuze ko ibimenyetso byashingiweho mu kumuhamya icyaha bidashidikanywaho, asaba ko hagumishwaho imikirize y’urubanza rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana. [9] Mu rubanza nº RPAA 00540/2018/CA rwaciwe ku wa 15/11/2019, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwasanze ubujurire bwatanzwe na Ndazigaruye nta shingiro bufite, kubera ko ibyo avuga bigaragaza ko ashaka guhunga icyaha, kandi Muhawenimana bagikoranye amushinja, ko ibyo kuba yaragiriwe akagambane n’abayobozi atabigarutseho mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana, kandi ko raporo ya Muganga igaragaza ko umwana yasambanyijwe, hanyuma rwemeza ko akomeza guhanishwa igifungo cya burundu. [10] uregwa yasubirishijemo urwo rubanza ingingo nshya, urubanza ruhabwa n° RS/REV/RP 00059/2024/CA, ruburanishwa mu ruhame ku wa 05/03/2025, Ndazigaruye yunganiwe na Me Micomyiza, naho Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na Niyonkuru, Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’Igihugu. [11] Mu myanzuro no mu miburanire, Ndazigaruye avuga nyuma y’uko urubanza nº RPAA 00540/2018/CA ruciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rukaba itegeko, ko hari ibimenyetso yabonye bigizwe n’inyandiko ya Mukawera Emima uhakana ko yasambanyijwe n’iyanditswe n’Ubuyobozi bw’Akagari ka Nkoma bwemeza ko icyaha yashinjwe ntacyo yakoze, agasaba ko ikirego cye

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cyakwakirwa. Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko ikirego cya Ndazigaruye cyo gusubirishamo urubanza ingingo nshya kitakwakirwa, kubera ko ibimenyetso avuga byabonetse nyuma y’imyaka ine (4) icyaha kibayeho, kandi bikaba bitaza bivuguruza ibyashingiweho mu kumuhamya icyaha cyo gusamanya umwana. [12] Hashingiwe kuri izo mpaka, ikibazo kigomba kubanza gusuzumwa ni icyo kumenya niba ikirego cya Ndazigaruye cyo gusubirishamo urubanza n° RPAA 00540/2018/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 15/11/2019 kitagomba kwakirwa. II. ISESENGURA RY’IKIBAZO KIGIZE URUBANZA: Kumenya niba ikirego cya Ndazigaruye gisubirishamo urubanza n° RPAA 00540/2018/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 15/11/2019 kitagomba kwakirwa [13] Ndazigaruye n’umwunganira bavuga ko yatanze ikirego cyo gusubirishamo urubanza n° RPAA 00540/2018/CA yubahirije ibihe biteganywa n’ingingo ya 203 y’Itegeko nº 027/2019 ryo ku wa 19/09/2019 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha, kuko ikimenyetso cya mbere cyabonetse ku wa 10/01/2020, ikindi kiboneka ku wa 11/01/2020, hanyuma atanga ikirego ku wa 27/01/2020, ni ukuvuga hashize iminsi cumi n’irindwi (17). [14] Ndazigaruye n’umwunganira bavuga ko ibimenyetso bishya bashingiraho basaba ko urubanza n° RPAA 00540/2018/CA rusubirwamo bigizwe n’inyandiko yanditswe na Mukawera Emima ahakana ko yasambanyijwe n’iyanditswe n’Ubuyobozi bw’Akagari ka Nkoma bwemeza ko icyaha yashinjwe cyo gusambanya umwana ntacyo yakoze, nk’uko byemejwe mu nama rusange y’abaturage batuye mu Mudugudu wa Nkoma, Akagari ka Nkoma. [15] Ndazigaruye n’umwunganira bavuga ko inyandiko ya Mukawera yafatwa nk’ikim enyetso gishya cyatuma urubanza basabira gusubirwamo ruhinduka kuko yayanditse amaze gukura, yaragize ububasha bwo kwitekerereza, anasanga yarafungishije Ndazigaruye ku maherere. [16] Ndazigaruye n’umwunganira bavuga kandi ko nyuma y’uko Ubuyobozi bw’Akagari ka Nkoma bumenye amakuru y’ukuri ku kibazo cye, bwihutiye guteranya inama y’Inteko y’abaturage ku tariki ya 11/01/2020, icyari kigamijwe akaba ari ukumenya niba koko ibyavugwaga by’uko ashobora kuba yararenganye aribyo, maze busanga arengana, bukora inyandiko bwomekaho inyandikomvugo y’ibyavugiwe mu nama y’inteko y’abaturage, aho hemejwe ko atigeze asambanya umwana. [17] Ndazigaruye n’umwunganira basaba rero ko, hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 197, agace ka 5, y’Itegeko nº 027/2019 ryo ku wa 19/09/2019 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha, uru Rukiko rwakwemeza ko inyandiko zavuzwe haruguru ari ibimenyetso bishya byabonetse nyuma y’uko urubanza rwavuzwe haruguru rumaze kuba itegeko, maze bigashingirwaho mu kumurenganura kuko atashoboraga kumenya ko bihari, kandi atashobora kubigeraho igihe yaburanaga. Basoza basaba ko ikirego Ndazigaruye yatanze cyakwakirwa. [18] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko ikirego cyatanzwe na Ndazigaruye kidakwiye kwakirwa ngo gisuzumwe, kuko kidakurikije amategeko. Avuga ko ibyo Ndazigaruye yise ibimenyetso bishya bidashobora kuvuguruza ibyari byashingiweho mu ica ry’urubanza, kuko

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umukobwa wanditse iyi baruwa, yayanditse nyuma y’imyaka ine (4) icyaha kibaye kuva tariki ya 10/01/2016 - 11/01/2020, iyo baruwa ikaba kandi itariho umukono. [19] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga na none ko ubuhamya umukobwa yatanze ashinja Ndazigaruye ko yamusambanyije bwahuye n’ubw’abandi batangabuhamya bose Urukiko rwashingiyeho, kandi ko Muhawenimana bakoranye icyaha yiyemeje kuvuga ukuri, asobanura uburyo icyaha cyakozwe atanga n’amabaruwa abiri (2) Ndazigaruye yamwandikiye bari muri gereza amusaba gukomeza guhakana icyaha, avuga ko yamaze gutegura abatangabuhamya bazaza kwemeza ko babeshyerwa, ko rero ibyo bimenyetso byose bitavuguruzwa n’ibyo ubu Ndazigaruye avuga ko ari bishya. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [20] Ku birebana no gusubirishamo urubanza ingingo nshya, ingingo ya 197, mu gace ka 5°, y’Itegeko nº 027/2019 ryo ku wa 19/09/2019 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha, iteganya ibikurikira: “Urubanza rushobora gusubirishwamo ingingo nshya kubera imwe mu mpamvu zikurikira: (…) 5° iyo kuva aho urubanza ruciriwe, habonetse ikimenyetso gishya kimara impaka kigaragaza neza akarengane katewe n’urubanza rusabirwa gusubirwamo”. [21] Mu rubanza n° RS/REV/RCOM 00001/2018/SC rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 24/07/2020, Shema Charles na Bashangire Grâce baburana na I&M Bank Rwanda Plc, urwo Rukiko rwasobanuye ko uburanisha ikimenyetso gishya, agomba kugaragariza Urukiko ko atigeze amenya ko gihari, cyangwa ko yari azi ko gihari ariko akaba atarashoboraga kukigeraho igihe yaburanaga. [22] Mu rubanza n° RS/REV/CIV 0002/12/SC rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 18/01/2019, haburana Mulindahabi Fidèle na Atraco, urwo Rukiko rwasobanuye ko ikimenyetso gishya kigomba kuba ari kamarampaka, ni ukuvuga ko cyashoboraga gutuma umucamanza afata icyemezo gitandukanye n’icyo yafashe. [23] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga, mu manza zivuzwe haruguru, Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwarasobanuye neza ingingo ya 197, agace ka gatanu (5°), y’Itegeko nº 27/2019 yavuzwe haruguru, ruvuga ko ikimenyetso gishya ari ikimenyetso umuburanyi atashoboraga kumenya ko cyaba gihari, akakibona nyuma cyangwa akaba atarabashaga kukigeraho igihe yaburanaga, kandi ko n’iyo ari gishya gihabwa agaciro gusa iyo gishobora kuvuguruza ibyari byashingiweho mu ica ry’urubanza rusabirwa gusubirishwamo ingingo nshya. Iyi mirongo igaragara muri izi manza zombi yashingiweho mu manza zitandukanye zaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire, harimo n’urubanza n° RS/REV/RP 00044/2024/CA, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 31/01/2025, Ubushinjacyaha buburana na Nyandwi Pascal alias Conseiller. [24] Ku birebana n’uru rubanza, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga ikimenyetso Ndazigaruye kigizwe n’inyandiko avuga ko yanditswe na Mukawera ku wa 10/01/2020 ahakana ko yasambanyijwe ashingiraho asaba ko urubanza n° RPAA 00540/2018/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 15/11/2019 atari ikimenyetso gishya kubera impamvu zikurikira:

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- inyandiko ntiriho umukono w’uwayanditse, ngo hamenyekane niba ari koko ari Mukawera Emima -inyandiko ni iyo ku wa 1/01/2020, byumvikana ko ari ikimenyetso kitari gihari ubwo Ndazigaruye yaburanaga urubanza asaba ko rusubirwamo, cyane cyane ko icyo gihe Mukawera Emima yamushinjaga ko yamusambanyije; - Uregwa ntagaragaza ko iyo nyandiko avuga ko yanditswe na Mukawera atigeze amenya ko ihari, cyangwa ko yari azi ko ihari ariko akaba atarashoboraga kuyigeraho igihe yaburanaga urubanza asaba ko rusubirwamo; [25] Ku byerekeye inyandiko y’Ubuyobozi bw’Akagari ka Nkoma bwemeza ko icyaha Ndazigaruye yashinjwe cyo gusambanya umwana ntacyo yakoze, Urukiko rw’ubujurire rurasanga nacyo atari ikimenyetso gishya kubera impamvu zikurikira: - inyandiko yakozwe ku wa 11/01/2020, byumvikana ko ari ikimenyetso kitari gihari aburana urubanza asaba ko rusubirwamo; Ndazigaruye ntagaragaza ko iyo nyandiko atigeze amenya ko ihari, cyangwa ko yari azi ko ihari ariko akaba atarashoboraga kuyigeraho igihe yaburanaga urubanza asaba ko rusubirwamo; [26] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga rero kuba ibimenyetso Uregwa yatanze asaba ko urubanza n° RPAA 00540/2018/CA rusubirwamo atari bishya, atari ngombwa gusuzuma niba icyo kimenyetso ari kamaramapaka, ni ukuvuga ko byashoboraga gutuma umucamanza afata icyemezo gitandukanye n’icyo yafashe muri urwo rubanza. [27] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire, rushingiye ku ngingo 197, agace ka 5º, y’Itegeko nº 027/2019 ryo ku wa 19/09/2019 ryavuzwe haruguru, ku mirongo yatanzwe mu manza zavuzwe haruguru, no ku bimaze gusobanurwa, rurasanga ikirego gisubirishamo ingingo nshya urubanza n° RPAA 00540/2018/CA cyatanzwe na Ndazigaruye kitagomba kwakirwa ngo gisuzumwe, kuko kitujuje ibisabwa n’amategeko. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [28] Rwemeje ko ikirego cya Ndazigaruye gisubirishamo urubanza n° RPAA 00540/2018/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 15/11/2019 ingingo nshya kitakiriwe. [29] Rutegetse ko Ndazigaruye asonerwa gutanga amagarama y’urubanza, kuko yaburanye afunzwe.