UBUSHINJACYAHA v AYIRWANDA

# UBUSHINJACYAHA v AYIRWANDA

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2025-03-28 - Case/document no.: RPAA 00215/2024/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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UBUSHINJACYAHA v AYIRWANDA [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE - RPAA 00215/2024/CA (Ndahayo, P.J) 28 Gicurasi 2025] Amategeko agenga imanza nshinjabyaha – Igihano – Impamvu nyoroshyacyaha – Urukiko ntirutegetswe kugabanya igihano niyo hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, ahubwo rugena igihano mu bushishozi bwarwo rurebye imikorere y’icyaha uregwa akurikiranyweho cyangwa uburyo cyakozwemo. Incamake y’ikibazo: Ubushinjacyaha bwareze Ayirwanda mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Karongi bumukurikiranyeho icyaha cy’ubwicanyi, buvuga ko icyo cyaha yagikoze ubwo ari nijoro yagiye ku rugo rukuru rwa se witwa Shumbusho, yurira inzu asakambura amategura, agwamo imbere mu cyumba aho umukecuru Mukabusana akaba umugore wa se yari aryame, aramuniga kugera ubwo apfuye, arangije asubira iwe mu rugo abwira umugore we ko avuye kwica uwo mukecuru. Urwo Rukiko rwaciye urubanza rwemeza ko ahamwa n’icyaha aregwa, rumuhanisha igihano k’igifungo k’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25). Ayirwanda ntiyishimiye imikirize y’urubanza, ajurira mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rusizi, asaba imbabazi z’icyaha yakoze asaba kugabanyirizwa ibihano ariko urwo Rukiko narwo rwemeza ko ubujurire bwe nta shingiro bufite, rugumishaho imikirize y’urubanza rwajuririwe. Ayirwanda yongeye kujurira mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire asaba kongera kugabanyirizwa ibihano, ko hashingirwa ku kwemera icyaha kwe kuko atigeze agora inzego z’ubutabera, agasaba ko yahabwa ibihano biri mu nsi y’igihano gito giteganywa n’itegeko, naho mu mwanzuro yatanze ku wa 29/05/2024 asaba ko yagabanyirizwa ibihano hagashingirwa ku biteganywa mu ngingo ya 2 yitegeko rishya No 59/2023 ryo ku wa 4/12/2023 rihindura itegeko No 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange akaba yahanishwa igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 15. Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko Ayirwanda atagomba kugabanyirizwa ibihano kubera uburemere bw’icyaha yakoze ndetse n’ubugome yagikoranye aho yuriye inzu agasanga umugore wa se aryamye akamuniga anamukubita kugeza ashizemo umwuka. Incamake y’icyemezo: Urukiko ntirutegetswe kugabanya igihano niyo hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, ahubwo rugena igihano mu bushishozi bwarwo rurebye imikorere y’icyaha uregwa akurikiranyweho cyangwa uburyo cyakozwemo. Ubujurire nta shingiro bufite. Imanza zifashishijwe: Ubushinjacyaha vs Uzabakiriho, RPAA 0021/14/CS- Nº RPAA 0022/14/CS rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 13/10/2017. Ubushinjacyaha vs Mpitabakana, RPA 0129/10/CS rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 07/03/2014.

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Ubushinjacyaha vs Kabahizi Jean, RPA 0066/08/CS rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 06/02/2009. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Mu ijoro ryo ku wa 13/03/2022 rishyira ku wa 14/03/2022, Ayirwanda yacyetsweho icyaha cy’ubwicanyi yakoreye uwitwa Mukabusana Berna, ubushinjacyaha busobanura ko icyo cyaha yagikoze ubwo muri iryo joro yagiye ku rugo rukuru rwa se Shumbusho Vianney ruherereye mu mudugudu wa Gakangaga, Akagari ka Munini, Umurenge wa Rwankuba, Akarere ka Karongi, Intara y’Iburengerazuba, yurira inzu asakambura amategura, agwamo imbere mu cyumba aho umukecuru Mukabusana Berna akaba umugore wa se yari aryame, aramuniga kugera ubwo apfuye, arangije asubira iwe mu rugo abwira umugore we witwa Kanyange Domithille ko avuye kwica uwo mukecuru. [2] Iperereza rirangiye, Ubushinjacyaha bwamureze mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Karongi rumukurikiranyeho icyaha cy’ubwicanyi, bugashingira ku kuba uregwa yiyemerera icyaha, abatangabuhamya bamushinja, na raporo ya muganga igaragaza ko Mukabusana yishwe anizwe, bumusabira igihano k’igufungo cya burundu. [3] Ayirwanda yaburanye yemera icyaha agasaba imbabazi, mu rubanza No RP 00119/2022/TGI/KNG rwaciwe ku wa 06/04/2022 rwemeza ko AYIRWANDA Urukiko rwemeje ko ahamwa n’icyaha aregwa, rumuhanisha igihano k’igifungo k’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25). [4] Ayirwanda ntiyishimiye imikirize y’urubanza, ajurira mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rusizi, asaba imbabazi z’icyaha yakoze asaba kugabanyirizwa ibihano. Ubushinjacyaha bwo bwavugaga ko atagomba kugabanyirizwa ibihano hakurikijwe uburemere bw’icyaha yakoze. [5] Mu rubanza No RPA 00177/2022/HC/RSZ rwaciwe ku wa 26/02/2024 Urukiko rwemeje ko ubujurire bwe nta shingiro bufite, rugumishaho imikirize y’urubanza RP 00119/2022/TGI/KNG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Karongi aho rwahanishije Ayirwanda igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25 ans). [6] Mu gufata icyemezo Urukiko rwasobanuye ko Ayirwanda atagomba kugabanyirizwa ibihano hashingiwe ku bugome yakoranye icyaha aho yambuye ubuzima umukecuru wari nk’umubyeyi we kuko yari ari umugore wa se, akamwica ntacyo amuhoye amwambura ubuzima bwe kubera ubugome gusa, kuba asaba ko yagabanyirizwa igihano yahanishijwe, ubwo busabe bwe bukaba butahabwa ishingiro kuko atagaragaza icyo urukiko rwajuririwe rwashingiraho yongera kugabanyirizwa cyane ko n’Urukiko rwajuririwe rudategetswe kugabanya igihano nk’uko byagaragajwe mu manza zagiye zibifataho imirongo ku manza zagiye zicibwa. [7] Ayirwanda yongeye kujurira mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, urubanza ruhabwa No RPAA 00215/2024/CA ruburanishwa ku wa 06/05/2025, Ayirwanda yitabye yunganiwe na Me

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Umurerwa Huguette, Ubushinjacyaha bwitabye buhagarariwe na Ntawangundi Béatrice Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’Igihugu. [8] Mu mwanzuro utanga ubujurire wa Ayirwanda yatanze ku wa 10/03/2024 asobanura ko asaba kongera kugabanyirizwa ibihano, ko hashingirwa ku kwemera icyaha kwe kuko atigeze agora inzego z’ubutabera, agasaba ko yahabwa ibihano biri mu nsi y’igihano gito giteganywa n’itegeko, naho mu mwanzuro yatanze ku wa 29/05/2024 asaba ko yagabanyirizwa ibihano hagashingirwa ku biteganywa mu ngingo ya 2 yitegeko rishya n0 59/2023 ryo ku wa 4/12/2023 rihindura itegeko n0 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange ndetse no ku murongo watanzwe mu rubanza RPAA 0015/11/CS rwaciwe ku wa12/07/2013 aho rwemeje ko iyo uregwa aburana yemera icyaha ku buryo budashindikanywaho aba agomba kugabanyirizwa ibihano, asoza avuga ko asaba ko yahanishwa igihano k’igifungo kingana n’imyaka 15. [9] Mu mwanzuro w’inyongera watanzwe n’umwunganizi we, asaba Urukiko kuzashingira ku biteganywa mu ngingo ya ngingo ya 2 y’itegeko no 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange no ku byemejwe mu rubanza RPA 00060/2021/CA haburana Ubushinjavyaha na Nsabimana Callixte alias Sankara ndetse n’urubanza RPAA 00406/2020/CA rwaciwe ku wa 22/10/2021, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Nahayo Ignace, agasaba ko uregwa yagabanyirizwa ibihano hashingiwe ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha zirimo kuba yaraburanye yemera icyaha kuva mu nzego z’iperereza kugeza mu nkiko zombie, yaburaniyemo, akaba yahanishwa igihano k’igifungo kingana n’imyaka 15. [10] Uhagararariye ubushinjacyaha avuga ko Ayirwanda atagomba kugabanyirizwa ibihano kubera uburemere bw’icyaha yakoze ndetse n’ubugome yagikoranye aho yuriye inzu agasanga umugore wa se aryamye akamuniga anamukubita kugeza ashizemo umwuka. Bushingira ku murongo watanzwe mu rubanza No RPAA 00108/2023/CA rwaciwe ku wa 29/04/2024 haburana ubushinjacyaha na Muvandimwe Kabalisa aho urukiko rwasanze atagoma kugabanyirizwa ibihano kubera kutemera icyaha cy’ubwicanyi, Urukiko rukaba rwarasanze igihano yahawe gikwiranye n’uburemere bw’icyaha cy’ubwicanyi yakoranye ubugome bukabije. [11] Urukiko rushingiye kuri izi mpaka rusanga ikibazo kigomba gusuzumwa ari ikijyanye no kumenya niba hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha zatuma Ayirwanda yongera kugabanyirizwa ibihano yahanishijwe mu rubanza yajuririye. II. ISESENGURA RY’IKIBAZO KIGIZE URUBANZA  Kumenya niba hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha zatuma Ayirwanda yongera kugabanyirizwa ibihano yahanishijwe mu rubanza yajuririye [12] Ayirwanda avuga ko asaba kongera kugabanyirizwa ibihano, kuko n’ubwo icyaha yagikoze ngo yabitewe n’uko yari yarakoze bakanga kumwishyura ubwo bari bamurimo amafaranga ibihumbi icumi (10.000 Frw), asobanura ko yagiye asanga hakinze aca mu mategura, asanga nyakwigendera asinziriye ahita amuniga kugeza apfuye. Bityo, akaba asanga icyatuma agabanyirizwa ari uko yemeye icyaha ntawe agishije inama.

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[13] Me Umurerwa umwunganira avuga ko Ayirwanda atagiye agamije kwica ahubwo ngo yari agiye kwishyuza gusa, akomeza avuga ko Ayirwanda yari asanzwe yitwara neza kandi ari ubwa mbere yari ageze imbere y’ubutabera, kandi ngo guhera mu rwego rwa mbere yemeye icyaha asaba imbabazi. Asaba ko hashingirwa ku ngingo ya 49 n’iya 59 z’itegeko nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange nk’uko ryahinduwe n’itegeko No 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ndetse n’ingingo ya 2 y’itegeko No 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ivuga ko igihano cya burundu gishobora kugabaywa ntikijye munsi y’imyaka 15. [14] Akomeza avuga ko kandi urukiko rwazashingira ku mirongo yatanzwe mu manza RPA 00060/2021/CA haburana ubushinjacyaha na Nsabimana Callixte alias Sankara n’abandi ahatanzwe umurongo uvuga ko “Mu rwego rw’ibirego nshinjabyaha iyo abaregwa nta kindi banenga rubanza rwajuririwe, uretse kuvuga gusa ko batagabanyirijwe bihagije, buri mucamanza ku rwego urwo arirwo rwose, yemerewe gutanga igihano mu bushishozi bwe kijyanye n’uburemere bw’icyaha ndetse n’ingaruka zacyo hakurikijwe ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 49 y’Itegeko n˚ 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ariko ko mu bujurire, Umucamanza agomba kuzirikana ko yemerewe gusa guhindura igihano cyatanzwe n’Umucamanza wo mu Rukiko rubanza, ari uko amaze kugaragaza ko Urukiko rubanza rwaba rwarakoresheje nabi itegeko cyangwa ubushishozi bwarwo mu gutanga icyo gihano. [15] Akomeza anavuga ko hashingirwa no ku rubanza No RPAA 00406/2020/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 22/10/2021, igika cya 22, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Nahayo Ignace, rwatanze umurongo uvuga ko nta cyabuza Urukiko rwajuririwe kongera kugabanya igihano mu gihe rusanga igihano cyatanzwe n’Urukiko rubanza kitaragabanyijwe mu buryo buhagije ubirebeye hamwe n’uburemere bw’icyaha cyakozwe bagasaba Urukiko rw’Ubujurire kwemeza kugabanyiriza Ayirwanda igihano cy’igifungo yahawe agahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka 15, no kwemeza ko urubanza RPA 00177/2022/HC/RSZ rwaciwe n’urukiko Rukuru Urugereko rwa Rusizi rukorera i Karongi ku wa 26/02/2024 ruhindutse ku birebana n’ibihano. [16] Uburanira Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko Ubushinjacyaha busanga Ayirwanda atakongera kugabanyirizwa ibihano kuko urubanza rwaciwe mu mwaka wa 2024, bivuze ko umucamanza yabikoze abizi kandi abishaka kuko yabonaga ko icyaha cyakoranywe ubugome bukabije, asobanura ko Ubushinjacyaha busanga nta makosa cyangwa inenge ziri mu rubanza rujuririrwa. Asaba Urukiko kuzabisuzuma rukemeza ko imikirize y’urubanza RPA 00177/2022/HC/RSZ rwaciwe n’urukiko Rukuru Urugereko rwa Rusizi ku wa 26/02/2024 idahindutse. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [17] Impaka kuri iki kibazo zishingiye ku kumenya niba hari aho Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwahera rwongera kugabanyiriza Ayirwanda igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25) yahanishijwe n’Urukiko Rukuru. [18] Ku bijyanye no kugabanya ibihano mu gihe hagaragajwe impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, byasesenguwe mu rubanza Nº RPAA 0021/14/CS- Nº RPAA 0022/14/CS rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 13/10/2017 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Uzabakiriho aho Urukiko rwemeje ko Urukiko rudategetswe kugabanya igihano niyo hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, ahubwo rugena igihano mu bushishozi bwarwo rurebye imikorerey’icyaha uregwa akurikiranyweho cyangwa

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uburyo cyakozwemo. Uyu murongo wakomeje gukurikizwa mu manza nyinshi zaciwe zaciwe n’uru rukiko nk’urubanza RPAA 00390/2024/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 30/01/2025 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Dushimimana Emmanuel. [19] Dosiye igaragaza ko ku wa 15/03/2022, Ayirwanda abazwa mu bugenzacyaha yemeye icyaha asobanura ko ariwe wishe Mukabusana Berna amunize kandi ko yari amaze amezi agera kuri 3 apanze umugambi wo kuzamwica, ndetse asobanura ko yavuye iwe mu murenge wa Twumba mu ijoro aza aho kwa se batuye mu wundi murenge mu gihe cya saa tanu z’ijoro, aricyo kimuzanye gusa, amaze kwica nyakwigendera asubira iwe anabwira umugore we ko amaze kwica wa mukecuru. Dosiye igaragaza kandi ko Ayirwanda abazwa mu bushinjacyaha ku wa 22/03/2022, nabwo yemeye icyaha cyo kwica Mukabusana Berna amunize nk’uko yabivuze abazwa bwa mbere mu bugenzacyaha. [20] Dosiye igaragaza na none raporo ya muganga yo ku wa 17/03/2022, igaragaza ko Mukabusana Berna yapfuye anizwe. Hakaba kandi kuba mu nkiko zibanza mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Karongi no mu Rukiko Rukuru Urugereko rwa Rusizi Ayirwanda yaraburanye yemera icyaha asaba imbabazi no kugabanyirizwa ibihano. [21] Dosiye igaragaza ko Urukiko Rukuru Urugereko rwa Rusizi rwahamije Ayirwanda icyaha cyo kwica Mukabusana Berna mu ahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25 ans). [22] Ku byerekeye uru rubanza, Urukiko rurasanga kuba Ayirwanda n’umwunganira basaba Urukiko rw’Ubujurire kongera kumugabanyiriza ibihano hashingiwe ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha zirimo kuba yaremeye icyaha no kuba yari asanzwe yitwara neza, nta shingiro byahabwa kubera ubugome bukabije yakoranye icyaha nk’uko byasobanuwe haruguru. [23] Ku bijyanye n’imanza zitandukanye zagaragajwe mu mwanzuro wa Me Umurerwa Huguette wunganira Ayirwanda asaba ko zashingirwaho ndetse n’ingingo z’amategeko zijyanye no kwita ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha bikorwa n’umucamanza, urukiko rurasanga ibi byose byarasuzumwe mu Rukiko rubanza bituma agabanyirizwa hashingiwe ku buremere bw’icyaha cyakozwe. [24] Ibivuzwe mu gika kibanziriza ki birahura n’ibyemejwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga mu manza zirimo urubanza No RPA 0066/08/CS rwaciwe ku wa 06/02/2009 Ubushinjacyaha buburana na Kabahizi Jean, n’urubanza No RPA 0129/10/CS rwaciwe ku wa 07/03/2014 haburana ubushinjacyaha na Mpitabakana. Icyo izi manza zaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga zihurizaho ni uko mu gihe urukiko rwajuririwe rusuzumye rugasanga rwemeranya n’Urukiko rwaciye urubanza ku rwego rwa mbere ku gihano cyatanzwe hakurikijwe uburemere bw’icyaha cyahamijwe uregwa nta mpamvu yo kongera kukigabanya. [25] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rero rukaba rwemeranya n’Urukiko Rukuru Urugereko rwa Rusizi ku gihano cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25 ans) Ayirwanda yahanishijwe kandi ko nta makosa rwakoze yatuma igihano kigabanywa kuko gihwanye n’icyaha cyakozwe, icyo gihano rero kikaba kigomba kugumaho bityo, ubujurire bwe bukaba nta shingiro bufite. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO

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[26] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwatanzwe na Ayirwanda nta shingiro bufite; [27] Rwemeje ko imikirize y’urubanza No RPA 00177/2022/HC/RSZ rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rusizi ku wa 26/02/2024, rudahindutse, bityo Ayirwanda akaba akomeje guhanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25); [28] Ruvuze ko Ayirwanda asonewe kwishyura amagarama kubera ko afunzwe.