UBUSHINJACYAHA v HAKIZIMANA

# UBUSHINJACYAHA v HAKIZIMANA

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2025-03-28 - Case/document no.: RPAA 00358/2024/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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UBUSHINJACYAHA v HAKIZIMANA [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE - RPAA 00358/2024/CA (Ndahayo, P.J) 28 Gicurasi 2025] Amategeko agenga imanza nshinjabyaha – Ubujurire – Igihano – Iyo abaregwa nta kindi banenga urubanza rwajuririwe uretse kuvuga gusa ko batagabanyirijwe bihagije, buri mucamanza ku rwego urwo arirwo rwose, yemerewe gutanga igihano mu bushishozi bwe kijyanye n’uburemere bw’icyaha ndetse n’ingaruka zacyo. Incamake y’ikibazo: Ubushinjacyaha bwareze Hakizimana mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Ngoma bumukurikiranyeho icyaha cyo gukubita no gukomeretsa byateye urupfu ndetse n’icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge, nyuma yaho akubise umugore we urushyi nuko umwana wabo ahita amubuza kongera kumukubita, mu gihe bari gutongana uregwa yahise ajya mu gikoni cyabo afata umuhini wo gusekura asanga umuhungu we aho yari ahagaragaranye na bagenzi be, umuhungu we ahita amwihisha, wa muhini awukubitisha inshuro 2 uwitwa Bizimana wari uhagararanye n'umuhungu we, amusatura agahanga ndetse nyuma y'amasaha macye ajyanywe kwa muganga bimuviramo gupfa. Uregwa yaburanye ahakana icyaha ariko akemera ko basanze amaze kwegura ingunguru agiye guteka kanyanga. Urwo rukiko rwaciye urubanza rwemeza ko uregwa ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gukubita no gukomeretsa ku bushake byateye Urupfu hamwe n’ubwinjiracyaha bw’icyaha cyo gukora ibiyobyabwenge byoroheje. Uregwa ntiyishimiye imikirize y’urubanza, ajurira mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana asobanura ko impamvu ashingiraho ubujurire bwe ari uko asaba imbabazi z’ibyaha yakoze, agasaba kugabanyirizwa ibihano. Urwo Rukiko narwo rwaciye urubanza rugumishaho imikirize y’urubanza rw’Urukiko Rwisumbuye. Uregwa yongeye kujurira mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, asaba kugabanyirizwa ibihano kuko yemera icyaha ku buryo budashindikanywaho, akaba ari ubwa mbere akurikiranyweho icyaha mu butabera, ko icyaha yakoze cyamugwiririye kuko nta mugambi yarafite ahubwo ari impanuka yabaye biturutse ku kuba yari yababujjije kunywa inzoga kuko bari mu gihe cya COVID 19 bakanga kumwumvira, bigatuma barwana bikavamo urupfu. Asaba kandi kugabanyirizwa igihano kuko kuba yaraburanye ahakana icyaha mu rukiko Rwisumbuye byatewe n’uko atari afite umwunganizi ngo amubwire akamaro ko kwemera icyaha. Ubushinjacyaha bwo buburana buvuga ko ukwemera icyaha kwa Hakizimana ku rwego rw’bujurire nta kamaro byamugirira kuko aburana ku rwego rwa mbere yemeraga icyaha cyo gufatanwa ibiyobyabwenge naho icyo gukubita no gukomeretsa byateye urupfu agihakana, ko rero kuba yaremeye icyaha cyo gukubita no gukomeretsa akacyemera mu rukiko Rukuru yacyemeye impitagihe. Incamake y’icyemezo: Iyo abaregwa nta kindi banenga urubanza rwajuririwe uretse kuvuga gusa ko batagabanyirijwe bihagije, buri mucamanza ku rwego urwo arirwo rwose, yemerewe gutanga igihano mu bushishozi bwe kijyanye n’uburemere bw’icyaha ndetse n’ingaruka zacyo. Ubujurire bufite ishingiro ku bijyanye no kugabanyirizwa ibihano.

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Imanza zifashishijwe: Ubushinjacyaha vs Uzabakiriho, RPAA 0021/14/CS- Nº RPAA 0022/14/CS rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 13/10/2017. Ubushinjacyaha vs Dushimimana, RPAA 00390/2024/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 30/01/2025. Ubushinjacyaha vs Bimenyimana Jean Paul, RPAA 00048/2020/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 26/05/2022. Ubushinjacyaha vs Nsabimana alias Sankara n’abandi, RPA 00060/2021/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 04/04/2022. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Hakizimana Frodouard yakurikiranwe n’Ubushinjacyaha mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Ngoma buvuga ko ku itariki ya 27/07/2021, ahagana saa 19h:00, Hakizimana Frodouard yakubise urushyi umugore we Niyigena Annonciata, umwana wabo Utegereje Benjamin ahita amubuza kongera gukubita nyina, batangira gutongana ndetse amubuza kwinjiza igare rye mu nzu, mu gihe bari gutongana yahise ajya mu gikoni cyabo afata umuhini wo gusekura, amusanga aho yari ahagaragaranye na bagenzi be, umuhungu we ahita amwihisha, uregwa ahita akubita umuhini inshuro 2 Nyakwigendera Bizimana Charles wari uhagararanye n'umuhungu we, amusatura agahanga ndetse nyuma y'amasaha macye ajyanywe kwa muganga bimuviramo gupfa. Hakizimana Frodouard akimara kubona ibyo, yahise yirukankana akajerekani ka Kanyanga yari agiye kuvanga n' urwagwa yari amaze guteka ajya kwihisha mu ishyamba ararayo. [2] Ubushinjacyaha bushingiye ku mvungo z’abatangabuhamya bamushinja aribo Niyigena, Abimana na Utegereje, bikemezwa n’inyandikomvugo yakorewe ahabereye icyaha yemeza ko uregwa yakubiswe na Hakizimana, bushingiye kuri raporo ya muganga igaragaza ko Bizimana yishwe n’ibikomere yatewe n’uregwa, bwamureze icyaha cyo gukubita no gikomretsa byateye urupfu ndetse n’icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge, bumusabira igihano k’igufungo cy’imyaka 20 n’ihazabu ya 10.000.000 Frw. [3] Hakizimana Frodouard yaburanye ahakana icyaha cyo gukubita no gukomeretsa byateye urupfu, akemera ko basanze amaze kwegura ingunguru agiye guteka kanyanga, asaba kurenganurwa. [4] Mu rubanza No RP 01124/2021/TGI/NGOMA rwaciwe ku wa 31/08/2021, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Ngoma rwemeje ko Hakiziman Frodourad ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gukubita no gukomeretsa ku bushake byateye Urupfu hamwe n’ubwinjiracyaha bw’icyaha cyo gukora ibiyobyabwenge byoroheje. [5] Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Ngoma rwashingiye icyemezo cyarwo ku kuba rusanga ibikorwa byakozwe na Hakizimana Frodouard bigize icyaha cyo gukubita no gukomeretsa ku bushake byateye urupfu hamwe n’ubwinjiracyaha mu cyaha cyo gukora ibiyobyabwenge byoroheje ku mpamvu zo kuba uregwa yarafashwe atarateka Kanyanga nk’uko abyivugira, akaba ari nta Kanyanga yafatiriwe, ariko hakaba hagaragara umugambi wo gukora icyaha wagaragajwe

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n’ibikorwa byinshi biboneka, bidashidikanywa by’intangiriro y’icyaha biganisha ku ikorwa rya kanyanga, uregwa na we akaba ariko abyiyemerera naho ku bijyanye no gukubita no gukomeretsa byateye Urupfu, uregwa arabishinjwa n’abatangabuhamya batandukanye, kuba hari ibyo yemeye abazwa mu bugenzacyaha. [6] Hakiziman Froudourd ntiyishimiye imikirize y’urubanza, ajurira mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana asobanura ko impamvu ashingiraho ubujurire bwe ari uko asaba imbabazi z’ibyaha yakoze, agasaba kugabanyirizwa ibihano. [7] Ubushinjacyaha bwo bwavuze ko ubujurire bwe butagomba guhabwa ishingiro kuko yaburanye mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye atemera icyaha. [8] Mu rubanza RPA 01341/2021/HC/RWG rwaciwe ku wa 29/04/2029, Urukiko Rukuru Urugereko rwa Rwamagana rushingiye ku kuba Hakizimana Frodouard yaraburanye ahakana icyaha mu rukiko Rwisumbuye, rwemeza ko kuba yemera icyaha mu Rukiko Rukuru nta kamaro byamugirira, kuko atagaragaza inenge ziri mu rubanza ajuririra, bituma rwemeza ko ubujurire bwa Hakizimana Frodouard nta shingiro bufite, rugumishaho imikirize y’urubanza rw’Urukiko Rwisumbuye. [9] Hakizimana Froudourd yongeye kujurira mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, urubanza ruhabwa No RPAA 00358/2024/CA ruburanishwa ku wa 06/05/2025, Hakizimana Frodouard yunganiwe na Me Muhire Yves, Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na Ntawangundi Béatrice Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’Igihugu. [10] Mu mwanzuro utanga ubujurire wa Hakizimana Froudourd asobanura ko asaba kugabanyirizwa ibihano kuko yemera icyaha ku buryo budashindikanywaho, akaba ari ubwa mbere akurikiranyweho icyaha mu butabera, ko icyaha yakoze cyamugwiririye kuko nta mugambi yarafite ahubwo ari ko ari impanuka yabaye biturutse ku kuba yari yababujjije kunywa inzoga kuko bari mu gihe cya COVID 19 bakanga kumwumvira, bigatuma barwana bikavamo urupfu. [11] Mu mwanzuro w’inyongera watanzwe n’umwunganizi we, asaba ko uregwa yagabanyirizwa ibihano kuko kuba yaraburanye ahakana icyaha mu rukiko Rwisumbuye byatewe n’uko atari afite umwunganizi ngo amubwire akamaro ko kwmera icyaha, bityo asaba Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ko mu kumuhana hazashingirwa ku biteganywa mu ngingo ya 59 y’itegeko no 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange ndetse n’ingingo ya 2 y’itegeko No 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange. [12] Asaba kandi ko hashingirwa ku mirongo yatanzwe mu manza zirimo; urubanza No RPA 0129/10/CS haburana ubushinjacyaha na Mpitabakana,ndetse n’urubanza No RPA 00060/2021/CA haburana Ubushinjavyaha na Nsabimana Callixte alias Sankara ndetse n’urubanza RPAA 00406/2020/CA rwaciwe ku wa 22/10/2021 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Nahayo Ignace, asaba ko uregwa yagabanyirizwa ibihano hashingiwe ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha zirimo kuba yaraburanye yemera icyaha kuva munzego z’iperereza kugeza mu nkiko zombi yaburaniyemo, ndetse no kuba yari asanzwe yitwara neza akaba nta makimbirane yari afitanye na nyakwigendera, akaba yahanishwa igihano k’igifungo kingana n’imyaka 15. [13] Uburanira Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko Ubushinjacyaha busanga ukwemera icyaha kwa Hakizimana Froudourd ku rwego rw’bujurire nta kamaro byamugirira kuko aburana ku rwego rwa

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mbere yemeraga icyaha cyo gufatanywa ibiyobyabwenge naho icyo gukubita no gukomeretsa byateye urupfu agihakana, ko rero kuba yaremeye icyaha cyo gukubita no gukomeretsa akacyemera mu rukiko Rukuru yacyemeye impitagihe ku ko yari yajuriye agihakana, akaza kucyemera nyuma iminsi 30 yo kujurira yararenze. Bityo ko ubujurire bwe butahabwa ishingiro kuko atagaragaza inenge cyangwa amakosa yaba yarakozwe mu rubanza ajuririra. [14] Urukiko ruhereye kuri izi mpaka, rusanga igikwiye gusuzumwa ari ikijyanye no kumenya niba Hakizimana Frodouard yakongera kugabanyirizwa ibihano. II. IKIBAZO KIRI MURI URU RUBANZA N’ISESENGURA RYACYO  Kumenya niba Hakizimana Frodouard yakongera kugabanyirizwa ibihano. [15] Hakizimana Frodouard na Me Muhire Yves umwunganira, bavuga ko yabanje guhakana icyaha kubera abajyanama babi, no kuba atari yunganiwe mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Ngoma, ngo Avocat amubwire ibyiza byo kwemera icyaha, ariko nyuma akaba yaraje kwemeranya n’umutimanama we asanga agomba kwemera icyaha agasaba imbabazi. [16] Bakomeza bavuga ko hari mu gihe cya COVID-2019, ubwo Hakizimana yajyaga mu centre ahasanga bari gukingisha abantu, ariko umugore we arimo guha abantu inzoga, amubujije ntiyabyemera, ahubwo abari aho barasakuza bashaka kumuhanisha ndetse abo bahungu baramukubita, bavuga ko atagomba kubabuza kunywa inzoga zabo ko ahubwo yanabasubiza amafaranga bituma nawe afata igiti agikubita umwe mu mutwe aragwa bamugejeje kwa muganga ahita apfa. Bityo ko, yakoze icyaha biturutse ku makimbirane yo mu muryango n’ubwo uwabiguyemo atari umunyamuryango, akaba abisabira imbabazi. [17] Hakizimana Frodouard n’umwunganira bongeraho ko ku bijyanye n’ibyo amategeko ateganya Hakizimana ataburanye yemera icyaha kuko atari azi icyo byamumarira, ariko muri ariko ageze mu Rukiko Rukuru akaba yarajuriye asaba imbabazi, ndetse no muri uru rwego akaba ajuriye asaba ko yakongera kugabanyirizwa ibihano hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 2 y’itegeko nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, akaba yahabwa ½ kuri buri cyaha. Basaba kandi ko hazashingirwa ku ngingo ya 49 y’Itegeko nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, hakarebwa uko yari asanzwe yitwara ndetse n’uko yari asanzwe yitwara maze rukamugabanyiriza ibihano. [18] Basabye kandi ko hanarebwa uburyo icyaha cyakozwemo ubwo atumvikanaga n’umugore we mu gufunga akabari muri COVID-19, kandi kuba Hakizimana yarahanishijwe ingingo ya 121 (6) y’itegeko nº 027/2019 ryo ku wa 19/09/2019 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha ryahinduwe n’itegeko nº 058/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023, bagasaba ko yahabwa ½ cy’igihano gito agahanishwa imyaka irindwi n’igice. [19] Naho ku cyaha cy’ubwinjiracyaha bw’icyaha cyo gukora ibiyobyabwenge byoroheje, bakaba basobanura uko uretse kuba barahasanze ibikoresho munzu yakoreshaga ariko ko ntabyo yari yakoze, basaba kugabanyirizwa ibihano akajya mu muryango nyarwanda, kuko abyicuza kandi ko ntacyo yapfaga na nyakwigendera.

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[20] Uburanira Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko, Ubushinjacyaha busanga kwemera icyaha bwa mbere mu bujurire bidashingirwaho nk’impamvu nyiroshycyaha kugira ngo agabanyirizwe ibihano, kuko ntabwo aba ri inenge igaragarijwe urukiko cyangwa se amakosa, ahubwo ni ugutakamba gusa. [21] Akomeza avuga ko ibivugwa n’umwunganizi wa Hakizimana Frodouard ko Urukiko rwazashingira ku itegeko y’itegeko nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ubushinjacyaha burasanga igihano yahawe cy’imyaka 18 n’amezi 6 kiri mu gika cya 6 cy’iryo tegeko, kuko rivuga ko igihano cyaba igifungo cy’imyaka 25 ariko cyagabanywa ntikijye munsi y’imyaka 10. Bityo, Ubushinjacyaha bukaba busanga hashingiwe ku itegeko rishya igika cya 6 ryavuzwe haruguru, igihano cy’ihazabu giteganywa ari miliyoni 5 aho kuba miliyoni 10, ariko igifungo cyo kikaba kiri muri fourchette y’itegeko rishya kikaba kitagabanywa. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [22] Impaka kuri iki kibazo zishingiye ku kumenya niba Hakizimana Frodouard yakongera kugabanyirizwa igihano yahawe mu Rukiko Rukuru Urugereko rwa Rwamagana hashingiwe ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha yagaragaje. [23] Ku bijyanye no kumenya niba Urukiko rudategetswe kugabanya ibihano mu gihe cyose hagaraagajwe impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, byasesenguwe mu rubanza Nº RPAA 0021/14/CS- Nº RPAA 0022/14/CS rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 13/10/2017 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Uzabakiriho ku bjyanye no kumenya niba Urukiko rwaba rutegetswe kugabanya ibihano mu gihe cyose hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha; aho Urukiko rwemeje ko Urukiko rudategetswe kugabanya igihano niyo hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, ahubwo rugena igihano mu bushishozi bwarwo rurebye imikorere y’icyaha uregwa akurikiranyweho cyangwa uburyo cyakozwemo. Uyu murongo wakomeje gukurikizwa mu manza nyinshi zaciwe zaciwe n’uru rukiko nk’urubanza RPAA 00390/2024/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 30/01/2025 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Dushimimana Emmanuel. [24] Dosiye y’urubanza igaragaza ko Hakizimana Frodouard yahakanye icyaha mu nzego z’iperereza ndetse no mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye, akaza kucyemera ageze mu Rukiko Rukuru, no kuri uru rwego rw’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire. Urukiko Rukuru Urugereko rwa Rwamagana rwahamije Hakizimana Frodouard icyaha cyo gukubita no gukomeretsa ku bushake byateye urupfu n’ubwinjiracyaha bw’icyaha cyo gukora ibiyobyabwenge byoroheje rumuhanisha igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’umunani n’amezi atandatu ndetse n’ihazabu y’amafaranga miliyoni icumi (10.000.0000 Frw). [25] Ku byerekeye uru rubanza, Urukiko rurasanga kuba Hakizimana Frodouard n’umwunganira bavuga ko yagabanyirizwa igihano agahabwa ½ cy’igifungo gito giteganywa n’amategeko, nta shingiro byahabwa kuko kuba yaragiye mu gikoni cyabo agafata umuhini wo gusekura, akawukubita nyakwigendera Bizimana Charles inshuro 2 akamusatura agahanga bikamuviramo gupfa, bigaragara ubugome bukomeye yakoranye icyaha kuko yakubise mu cyico (mu mutwe), kandi akubitisha igikoresho (umuhini) gishobora kwica. [26] Ku bijyanye no kuba Hakizimana Frodouard n’umwunganira bavuga ko yagabanyirizwa hashingirwa ku manza zirimo urubanza No RPA 0129/10/CS n’urubanza No RPA 00060/2021/CA

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rukamugabanyiriza igihano kubera impamvu nyoroshyacyaha agahabwa igifungo cy’imyaka 7 kuko ari ubwa mbere akoze icyaha kandi asanzwe yitwara neza, uru rukiko rurasanga iyi mirongo itashingirwaho kubera ko yashingiye ku itegeko ryavuyeho nkuko byasobanuwe mu rubanza Nº RPAA 00048/2020/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 26/05/2022, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Bimenyimana Jean Paul (igika cya 25-26) rwatanze umurongo uvuga ko Umurongo wari uriho udashobora gukurikizwa mu gihe itegeko wari ushingiyeho ryavuyeho cyangwa ryahinduwe. [27] Urukiko rw’ubujurire rurusanga ariko mu bushishozi bwarwo, Hakizimana Frodouard yagabanyirizwa igihano cy’igifungo ndetse n’ihazabu agahanishwa igifungo cy/’imyaka cumi n’umunani (18 ans) n’ ihazabu ingana na miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000 Frw). Uku kugabanyirizwa ibihano bishingiye ku murongo wemejwe mu rubanza Nº RPA 00060/2021/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 04/04/2022 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Nsabimana Callixte alias Sankara n’abandi, (igika cya 252-254), aho Urukiko rwasobanuye ko, Iyo abaregwa nta kindi banenga urubanza rwajuririwe uretse kuvuga gusa ko batagabanyirijwe bihagije, buri mucamanza ku rwego urwo arirwo rwose, yemerewe gutanga igihano mu bushishozi bwe kijyanye n’uburemere bw’icyaha ndetse n’ingaruka zacyo. [28] Hashingiwe ku bimaze gusobanurwa haruguru, Urukiko rurasanga imikirize y’urubanza No RPA 01341/2021/HC/RWG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana ku wa 29/04/2024, ihindutse ku byerekeye igihano cy’igifungo n’ihazabu, aho guhanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’umunani n’amezi atandatu (18 ans et 6 mois), akaba ahanishijwe igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’umunani (18 ans) n’ihazabu ya miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000 Frw). III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [29] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwatanzwe na Hakizimana Frodouard bufite ishingiro ku bijyanye no kugabanyirizwa ibihano; [30] Rwemeje ko imikirize y’urubanza No RPA 01341/2021/HC/RWG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana ku wa 29/04/2024, ihindutse ku byerekeye ingano y’igihano cy’igifungo n’ihazabu; [31] Rutegetse ko Hakizimana Frodouard ahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’umunani (18 ans) n’ihazabu ya miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000 Frw); [32] Ruvuze ko Hakizimana Frodouard asonewe kwishyura amagarama y’urubanza kuko afunzwe.