UBUSHINJACYAHA v. MUKABANYANA

# UBUSHINJACYAHA v. MUKABANYANA

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2025-04-17 - Case/document no.: RPAA 00171/2024/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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UBUSHINJACYAHA v. MUKABANYANA [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RPAA 00171/2024/CA (Umugwaneza, P.J.,) 17 Mata 2025] Amategeko agenga ibyaha n’ibihano – Icyaha cyo gutunda no gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi – Kongera kugabanyirizwa ibihano – Igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda ingana na miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000Frw), ntigishobora kongera kugabanywa kuko aricyo gito gishoboka ku cyaha cyo gutunda no gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi mu gihe hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha. Amategeko agenga ibyaha n’ibihano – Isubikagihano – Isubikagihano ntiryatangwa iyo ubisaba yahanishijwe igihano cy’iremezo kirenze imyaka itanu (5) y’igifungo. Incamake y’ikibazo : Inzego z’umutekano ku bufatanye n’inzego z’ibanze, zagiye gusaka mu rugo rwa Mu rugo rwa Mukabanyana Thérèse, bahasanga urumogi rungana n’udupfunyika 77, avuga ko yaruranguye agamije kurucuruza. Nyuma y’iperereza, Mukabanyana Thérèse yaregewe Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Rusizi, aburana yemera icyaha. Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Rusizi, rushingiye ku kwemera icyaha kwa Mukabanyana Thérèse, hamwe n’ubuhamya butandukanye, rwemeje ko ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gutunda no gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge by’urumogi, ahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25 ans) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni makumyabiri (20.000.000Frw), rutegeka ko urumogi rwafatiriwe rutwikwa n’inzego z’umutekano. Mukabanyana Thérèse yajuririye urwo rubanza mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rusizi, asaba kugabanyirizwa igihano kuko yaburanye yemera icyaha mu buryo budashidikanywaho ariko ahabwa igihano kirekire, anasaba ko igihano yahabwa cyasubikwa. Ubushinjacyaha bwasabye ko Mukabanyana Thérèse atakongera kugabanyirizwa igihano kuko yagabanyirijwe bihagije maze ahabwa igihano gihwanye n’uburemere bw’icyaha yakoze. Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rusizi rwamuhanishije igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15 ans) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000Frw) kuko ari ubwa mbere yari akoze icyaha kandi acyemera mu buryo budashidikanywaho. Mukabanyana Thérèse yajuriye bwa kabiri mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, asaba kugabanyirizwa igihano kuko yahanishijwe igihano kirekire kandi yaraburanye yemera icyaha mu buryo budashikanywaho, asaba kandi ko igihano yahabwa cyasubikwa akajya kwita ku bana yasize. Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko igihano Mukabanyana Thérèse yahanishijwe kidashobora kongera kugabanywa kuko aricyo gito gishoboka ku cyaha yahamijwe. Ubushinjacyaha buvuga kandi ko gushingira ku manza zaciwe zemeje ko igihano gishobora kugabanywa kugeza munsi y’igihano gito nkuko uregwa yabisabye nta shingiro byahabwa kuko

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umurongo wari uriho udashobora gukurikizwa mu gihe Itegeko wari ushingiyeho ryavuyeho (cyangwa ryahinduwe), bityo ko hakwiye kugumaho urubanza rwajuririwe. Incamake y’icyemezo: 1. Igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda ingana na miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000Frw), ntigishobora kongera kugabanywa kuko aricyo gito gishoboka ku cyaha cyo gutunda no gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi mu gihe hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha. 2. Isubikagihano ntiryatangwa iyo ubisaba yahanishijwe igihano cy’iremezo kirenze imyaka itanu (5) y’igifungo. Ubujurire nta shingiro bufite. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko N˚ 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko N˚ 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ingingo ya 2. Imanza zifashishijwe: Urubanza RPAA 00367/2020/CA rw’ Ubushinjacyaha na Twagirumukiza Innocent Réponse, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 22/12/2023;

Urubanza RPAA 00538/2024/CA haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Cyuzuzo Jean Claude, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 21/01/2025. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Ku wa 26/08/2021, hashingiwe ku makuru yatanzwe n’abaturage mu rwego rwo kurwanya ibiyobyabwenge, inzego z’umutekano ku bufatanye n’inzego z’ibanze, zagiye gusaka mu rugo rwa Mukabanyana Thérèse ruherereye mu Karere ka Nyamasheke, Umurenge wa Rangiro, Akagari ka Banda, Umudugudu wa Gasumo, bahasanga urumogi rungana n’udupfunyika 77, avuga ko yaruranguye agamije kurucuruza. [2] Nyuma y’iperereza, Mukabanyana Thérèse yaregewe Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Rusizi, aburana yemera icyaha asobanura ko gucuruza urumogi yabitewe n’imibereho mibi ituruka ku kuba ari umupfakazi wibana anafite agakoko gatera SIDA, abantu baramwoshya yisaga yaranguye urumogi. [3] Murubanza RP 00287/2020/TGI/RSZ rwaciwe ku wa 21/9/2021, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Rusizi, rushingiye ku kwemera icyaha kwa Mukabanyana Thérèse, ubuhamya bwa Ndirima Jean Bosco na Sibomana Siméon bamushinja ko bamufatanye udupfunyika 77 tw’urumogi kandi ko asanzwe arucuruza, n’inyandikomvugo y’ifatira ry’udupfunyika 77 tw’urumogi yafatanwe, rwemeje ko Mukabanyana Thérèse ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gutunda no gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge by’urumogi, ahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25 ans) n’ihazabu

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y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni makumyabiri (20.000.000Frw), rutegeka ko urumogi rwafatiriwe rutwikwa n’inzego z’umutekano. [4] Mukabanyana Thérèse yajuririye urwo rubanza mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rusizi, asaba kugabanyirizwa igihano kuko yaburanye yemera icyaha mu buryo budashidikanywaho ariko ahabwa igihano kirekire, anasaba ko igihano yahabwa cyasubikwa kugira ngo abone uko yajya kwita ku bana yasize murugo batagira kirera kubera ko ari umupfakazi. Ubushinjacyaha bwavuze ko Mukabanyana Thérèse atakongera kugabanyirizwa igihano kuko yagabanyirijwe bihangije ahabwa igihano gihwanye n’uburemere bw’icyaha yakoze. [5] Mu rubanza RPA 00384/2021/HC/RSZ rwaciwe ku wa 04/03/2024, Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rusizi, rushingiye ku ngingo ya 2 y’Itegeko N° 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 yahinduye ingingo ya 60 y’Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, rwagabanyirije Mukabanyana Thérèse igihano, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15 ans) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000 Frw) kuko ari ubwa mbere yari akoze icyaha kandi acyemera mu buryo budashidikanywahoho. [6] Mukabanyana Thérèse yajuriye bwa kabiri mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, urubanza ruhabwa RPAA 00171/2024/CA, ruburanishwa muruhame ku wa 03/04/2025, yunganiwe na Me Kananga Protogène, Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na Ninahazwa Roselyne, Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’Igihugu. [7] Mu bujurire bwe, Mukabanyana Thérèse asaba kugabanyirizwa igihano kuko yahanishijwe igihano kirekire kandi yaraburanye yemera icyaha mu buryo budashikanywaho, asaba kandi ko igihano yahabwa cyasubikwa akajya kwita ku bana yasize. Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko igihano Mukabanyana Thérèse yahanishijwe kidashobora kongera kugabanywa kuko aricyo gito gishoboka ku cyaha yahamijwe. [8] Hakurikijwe iyo miburanire, Urukiko rurasanga muri uru rubanza, ikibazo kigomba gusuzumwa ari ikijyanye no kumenya niba Mukabanyana Thérèse ashobora kongera kugabanyirizwa ndetse akanasubikirwa igihano. II. IKIBAZO KIGIZE URUBANZA N’ISESENGURA RYACYO Kumenya niba Mukabanyana Thérèse ashobora kongera kugabanyirizwa ndetse akanasubikirwa igihano [9] Mukabanyana Thérèse avuga ko yaburanye yemera icyaha mu buryo budashidikanywaho, atakamba asaba imbabazi, ariko ahanishwa igihano kirekire, asaba ko igihano yahawe cyagabanywa ndetse kikanasubikwa akajya kwita ku bana bato yasize mu rugo ubu akaba atazi aho baherereye n’uko babayeho. [10] Me Kananga Protogène avuga ko Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rusizi rwemeje ko hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha zituma Mukabanyana Thérèse agabanyirizwa ibihano zirimo kuba ari ubwa mbere akurikiranyweho ibyaha imbere y’inzego z’ubutabera no kuba yemera icyaha yakoze, maze rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15 ans) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000 Frw), rwirengagije ko mu rwego rwo kubahiriza ihame ry’ubutabera

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ry’uko igihano kigomba guhuzwa n’uburemere bw’icyaha cyakozwe (principe de la proportionalité de peine à l’infraction) nta cyabuza Umucamanza gutanga igihano kiri munsi y’igihano gito giteganywa n’Itegeko. [11] Me Kananga Protogène akomeza avuga ko, ibivuzwe mu gika kibanziriza iki bihura n’umurongo wafashwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire mu manza zitandukanye harimo urubanza N° RPAA 00032/2019/CA rwaciwe ku wa 28/02/2020 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Nzafashwanimana Jean de Dieu n’urubanza RPAA 00319/2021/CA rwaciwe ku wa 25/11/2022 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Nduwayezu Jean Baptiste, aho muri izo manza hemejwe ko nta cyabuza Umucamanza gutanga igihano kiri munsi y’igihano gito giteganywa n’Itegeko, kuko kutabikora byaba ari ukubuza Umucamanza ubwisanzure n’ubwigenge bwo gutanga igihano kijyanye n’uburemere bw’icyaha cyakozwe no kutita ku nyungu z’uregwa. Asaba kwemeza ko Mukabanyana Thérèse agabanyirizwa igihano kigahuzwa n’uburemere bw’icyaha yakoze, bikamuha amahirwe yo gusubira vuba mu muryango nyarwanda, akajya kwita ku muryango we ubu ubayeho nabi kuko ariwe wari uwutunze. [12] Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko, hashingiwe ku biteganywa n’ingingo ya 2 y’Itegeko N˚ 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko N˚ 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, agace ka (a) na (d)1, igihano Mukabanyana Thérèse yahanishijwe kidakwiye kongera kugabanywa kuko aricyo gito gishoboka.

[13] Ku bijyanye no gushingira ku manza zaciwe zemeje ko igihano gishobora kugabanywa kugeza munsi y’igihano gito giteganyirijwe icyaha cyakozwe, Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko nta shingiro byahabwa kuko nk’uko byemejwe mu mu rubanza RPAA 00048/2020/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 26/05/2022, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Bimenyimana Jean Paul (igika cya 26), umurongo wari uriho udashobora gukurikizwa mu gihe Itegeko wari ushingiyeho ryavuyeho (cyangwa ryahinduwe), bityo ko hakwiye kugumaho urubanza rwajuririwe. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [14] Nk’uko byagarutsweho haruguru, Mukabanyana Thérèse asaba ko igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000 Frw) yahanishijwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rusizi ku cyaha yahamijwe cyo gutunda no gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge (urumogi), cyagabanywa hashingiwe ku mirongo yatanzwe mu manza agaragaza, ndetse kikanasubikwa akajya kwita ku bana yasize.

a.ku bijyanye n’igabanyagihano [15] Mu manza zitandukanye zaciwe ku bantu bahamijwe icyaha cyo kubika, gucuruza no gutunda ibiyobyabwenge (urumogi) bahanishijwe n’Urukiko Rukuru igihano cy’igifungo

1 Ivuga ko “Iyo umucamanza yemeje impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, ashobora kugabanya igihano ku buryo bukurikira: (a) igifungo cya burundu gishobora kugabanywa ariko ntikijye munsi y’igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 15; (……); (d) igihano cy’ihazabu gishobora kugabanywa kugeza kuri kimwe cya kane cy’igihano cy’ihazabu gito giteganyirijwe icyaha cyakozwe”.

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cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000 Frw) hashingiwe ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha, bakajurira basaba kongera kugabanyirizwa igihano, uru Rukiko rwifashishije ibyemejwe mu rubanza RPAA 00048/2020/CA rwaciye ku wa 26/05/2022 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Bimenyimana Jean Paul2, rwemeje ko imanza zose zaciwe mbere y’uko Itegeko Nº 59/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura ingingo ya 60 y’Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange yateganyaga uburyo bwo kugabanya ibihano risohoka, zitagikoreshwa, maze rwemeza ko icyaha gihanishwa igifungo cya burundu kidashobora kugabanyirizwa igihano hashingiwe ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha ku buryo kijya munsi y’igifungo cy’imyaka 15, kandi ko n’ihazabu iteganyijwe idashobora kugabanywa ngo ibe yajya munsi ya kimwe cya kane cy’ihazabu nto iteganyirijwe icyaha3. [16] Nk’uko imikirize y’urubanza rujuririrwa ibigaragaza, Mukabanyana Thérèse yahamijwe icyaha cyo gutunda no gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, agabanyirizwa igihano ahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000 Frw). [17] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga igihano Mukabanya Thérèse yahanishijwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rusizi, kitakongera kugabanywa kuko cyagabanyijwe mu buryo buhagije kandi kikaba aricyo gihano gito giteganywa n’Itegeko ku cyaha kimuhama cyo gutunda no gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mubwoko bw’urumogi, kikaba kidashobora kugibwa munsi. Naho umurongo yatanzwe mu manza zitandukanye zaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire zagaragajwe mu gika cya 11 cy’uru rubanza ukaba udashobora gukurikizwa kuko wari ushingiye ku ngingo ya 60 y’Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusanga, iyo ngingo ikaba yarahinduwe n’ingingo ya 2 y’Itegeko N° 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023, kandi nk’uko byemejwe mu rubanza RPAA 00048/2020/CA rwibukijwe mu gika cyaha 15 cy’uru rubanza, umurongo wari uriho udashobora gukurikizwa mu gihe Itegeko wari ushingiyeho ryavuyeho cyangwa ryahinduwe. b.ku bijyanye n’isubikagihano [18] Ingigo ya 3 y’Itegeko N° 058/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko Nº 027/2019 ryo ku wa 19/09/2019 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha ivuga ko: “Iyo uwakatiwe nta kindi gihano cy’igifungo kirenga amezi 6 yahanishijwe mbere, urukiko, rukoresheje icyemezo gisobanura impamvu, rushobora gutegeka gusubika irangiza ry’igihano cyose cyangwa igice cy’igihano cy’iremezo cyangwa cy’ingereka, iyo igihano cy’iremezo cy’igifungo umuntu yakatiwe kitarenze imyaka 5”. [19] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rushingiye kuri iyi ngingo, rurasanga isubikagihano Mukabanyana Thérèse asaba adakwiye kurihabwa kuko ahanishijwe igihano cy’iremezo kirenze imyaka itanu (5) y’igifungo.

2 Mu gika cya 26 cy’urwo rubanza, Urukiko rwemeje Umurongo wari uriho udashobora gukurikizwa mu gihe Itegeko wari ushingiyeho ryavuyeho cyangwa ryahinduwe

3 Reba urubanza RPAA 00367/2020/CA rwaciwe ku wa 22/12/2023 haburana ubushinjacyaha na Twagirumukiza Innocent Réponse (igika cya Ibi byasobanuwe mu gika cya 17-18), urubanza RPAA 00538/2024/CA rwaciwe ku wa 21/01/2025 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Cyuzuzo Jean Claude (igika cya 12) n’izindi

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[20] Hashingiwe ku bisobanuro byose byatanzwe muri uru rubanza, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga ubujurire bwa Mukabanyana Thérèse nta shingiro bufite, urubanza yajuririye rukaba rudahindutse. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [21] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwatanzwe na Mukabanyana Thérèse nta shingiro bufite; [22] Rwemeje ko imikirize y’urubanza RPA 00384/2021/HC/RSZ, rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rusizi ku wa 04/03/2024, idahindutse; [23] Rwemeje ko igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000Frw) Mukabanyana Thérèse yahanishijwe muri urwo rubanza, kigumyeho. [24] Rutegetse ko Mukabanyana Thérèse asonewe gutanga amagarama y’urubanza kuko aburana afunze.