UBUSHINJACYAHA vs RUKUNDO [

# UBUSHINJACYAHA vs RUKUNDO [

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2025-04-29 - Case/document no.: RPAA00043/2024/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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UBUSHINJACYAHA vs RUKUNDO [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RPAA00043/2024/CA (Rukundakuvuga, P.J.) 29 Mata 2025] Amategeko mpanabyaha – Ibihano – icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana uri munsi y’imyaka cumi n’ine (14) – Icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana uri munsi y’imyaka cumi n’ine (14) gihanishwa igifungo cya burundu gishora kugabanywa kugeza ku myaka cumi n’itanu (15) idashobora kugibwa munsi. Incamake y’ikibazo: Uru rubanza rwatangiye Ubushinjacyaha burega Rukundo mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyagatare bumukurikiranyeho icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana witwa U.H ufite imyaka 11, bumusabira igifungo cya burundu, Bamurange aregera indishyi mu izina ry’umwana U.H. Rukundo yaburanye ahakana icyaha. Urukiko mu rubanza RP00284/2019/TGI/NYG, rwamuhamije icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana, rushingiye ku mvugo z’abatangabuhamya harimo niya U.H wakorewe icyaha; Raporo ya muganga; Raporo yo mu nzego z’ibanze n’Icyemezo cy’amavuko cya U.H kigaragaza ko yavutse mu 2008.rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25). Rwemeza ko uwaregeye indishyi ahabwa miliyoni eshatu (3.000.000Frw), nubwo rutazigaragaje mu cyemezo cyarwo. Rukundo ntiyanyuzwe n’imikirize y’urwo rubanza maze arujuririra mu Rukiko Rukuru Urugerereko rwa Rwamagana, asaba kurenganurwa no kugirwa umwere, ariko ku munsi w’iburanisha avuga ko yemera icyaha akagisabira imbabazi, asaba kugabanyirizwa igihano no kugisubikirwa. Urukiko mu rubanza RPA00191/2021/HC/RWG, rwasanze ingingo yo kwemera icyaha mu iburanisha kwa Rukundo idakwiye kwakirwa kuko yabikoze impitagihe, ariko ko mu rwego rwo gutanga igihano gihwanye n’uburemere bw’icyaha agomba kugabanyirizwa igihano hashingiwe ku biteganywa n’ingingo ya 2 y’Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu(15 ans). Rukundo ntiyishimiye imikirize y’urwo rubanza, ajurira mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, avuga ko yemera icyaha yakoze cyo gusambanya umwana, ariko ko n’ubwo yatinze kukicuza yagirirwa imbabazi akagabanyirizwa ibihano. Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko ubujurire bwa Rukundo nta shingiro bufite, kubera ko ibyo arimo gusaba yabihawe n’Urukiko Rukuru. uregera indishyi, yasabye Urukiko ko rwakosora amakosa agaragara mu rubanza RP00284/2019/TGI/NYG, kuko mu gice cy’isesengura Urukiko rwamugeneye indishyi zingana na miriyoni eshatu (3.000.000Frw), ariko ntirwazigaragaza mu cyemezo cy’Urukiko. Urukiko mu rubanza RPAA00043/2024/CA, rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Rukundo nta shingiro bufite kuko yagabanyirijwe igihano ku buryo buhagije, ko atakongera kugabanyirizwa kuko byaba binyuranyije n’amategeko. Ku bijyanye nibyo uregera indishyi asaba, Urukiko rwemeje ko yabihabwa, urubanza avuga rugakosorwa. Incamake y’icyemezo: 1. Igihano cya burundu gishobora kugababanywa ariko ntikijye munsi y’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15). Bityo, icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana utarageza imyaka cumi n’ine (14), gihanishwa igihano cya burundu cyakora, iyo hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha gishobora kugabanywa ariko ntikijye munsi y’imyaka cumi n’itanu. 2.Iyo igihano kitajuririwe ntabwo Urukiko rwacyongera mu bujurire kabone nubwo urwo rubanza rwaciwe mu bujurire Itegeko urubanza rwajuririwe rwashingiyeho rucibwa ryahindutse. Bityo ntabwo byakwitwa ko Urukiko rwanyuranyije n’umurongo uri mu manza zaciwe hashigiwe ku Itegeko rishya

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kuko urubanza rujuririrwa rukomeza gukurikiza umurungo uri mu Itegeko rya kera ku bijyanye n’ibihano iyo bitajuririwe. Ubujurire nta shingiro bufite. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, Ingingo ya 2 Imanza zifashishijwe: Urubanza RPAA 00391/2023/CA, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Ntamakiriro Ezechiel, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire kuwa 17/04/2025. Urubanza. I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Kuwa 17/01/2019 Rukundo yaketsweho kuba yarasambanyije umwana witwa U.H1 w'imyaka 11 y'amavuko ubwo nyirakuru w’uwo mwana witwa Bamurange Joy yari abasiganye mu rugo agarutse asanga Rukundo ari kumwe n'umwana mu cyumba cy'abashyitsi, Rukundo amubonye ahita asohoka undi agira amakenga, babaza umwana icyo yari arimo gukora mu cyumba hamwe na Rukundo umwana ababwira ko amusambanyije. [2] Rukundo yarafashwe ashyikirizwa Ubugenzacyaha, nyuma y’iperereza, Ubushinjacyaha bumuregera Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyagatare bumukurikiranyeho icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana, bumusabira igifungo cya burundu, Bamurange Joy aregera indishyi mu izina ry’umwana U.H. Rukundo yaburanye ahakana icyaha. [3] Mu rubanza RP00284/2019/TGI/NYG, rwaciwe kuwa 25/11/2020, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyagatare, rwamuhamije icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25) rushingiye ku bimenyetso bikurikira: Imvugo z’abatangabuhamya bamushinja barimo na U.H wakorewe icyaha; Raporo ya muganga; Raporo yo mu nzego z’ibanze; Icyemezo cy’amavuko cya U.H kigaragaza ko yavutse mu 2008. [4] Ku byerekeye indishyi, mu isesengura ry’Urukiko rwavuze ko rugennye izingana na miliyoni eshatu (3.000.000Frw), ariko ntirwazigaragaza mu cyemezo cyarwo. [5] Rukundo ntiyanyuzwe n’imikirize y’urwo rubanza maze ajuririra Urukiko Rukuru Urugererko rwa Rwamagana, asaba kurenganurwa no kugirwa umwere, ariko ku munsi w’iburanisha avuga ko yemera icyaha akagisabira imbabazi, ko kugihakana byatewe no gushukwa n’abandi bantu ; asaba kugabanyirizwa igihano no kugisubikirwa. [6] Mu rubanza RPA00191/2021/HC/RWG, rwaciwe kuwa 28/12/2023, Urukiko Rukuru/Urugereko rwa Rwamagana, rwasanze ingingo yo kwemera icyaha mu iburanisha kwa Rukundo idakwiye kwakirwa

1 Amazina yahawe uwo mwana w’umukobwa ku bw’umutekano we.

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ngo isuzumwe kuko yatanzwe igihe cyo kujurira cyararenze, ariko ko mu rwego rwo gutanga igihano gihwanye n’uburemere bw’icyaha agomba kugabanyirizwa igihano hashingiwe ku biteganywa n’ingingo ya 2 y’Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu(15 ans). [7] Rukundo ntiyishimiye imikirize y’urubanza, ajurira mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, urubanza rwe ruhabwa RPAA00043/2024/CA, iburanisha mu ruhame rishyirwa ku wa 08/04/2025, ariko uwo munsi ntirwaburanishwa kuko umwunganizi wa Rukundo Uregwa yari arwaye; iburanisha ryimurirwa kuwa 17 Mata 2025. Uwo munsi ugeze Rukundo, yitabye yunganiwe na Me Nyiramatama Bernadette, Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na Niyonkuru Francoise, Umushinjacyaha ku Rwego rw’Igihugu, naho Bamurange Joy uregera indishyi mu izina ry’umwana U.H, ahagarariwe na Me Umulisa Alice. [8] Mu bujurire bwe, Rukundo avuga ko yemera icyaha yakoze cyo gusambanya umwana, ariko ko n’ubwo yatinze kukicuza yagirirwa imbabazi akagabanyirizwa ibihano. [9] Uhagarariye ubushinjacyaha avuga ko ubujurire bwa Rukundo nta shingiro bufite, kubera ko ibyo arimo gusaba yabihawe n’Urukiko Rukuru kandi rukaba rwarakurikije amategeko kuko igihano yahanishijwe aricyo gito gitegenywa n’itegeko, bityo kikaba kidashobora kongera kugabanywa. [10] Me Umulisa Alice uhagarariye uregera indishyi, we yasabye ko Urukiko rwakosora amakosa agaragara mu rubanza RP00284/2019/TGI/NYG, kuko muri urwo rubanza mu gice cy’isesengura Urukiko rwamugeneye indishyi zingana na miriyoni eshatu (3.000.000Frw), ariko rukora ikosa ryo kutazigaragaza mu cyemezo cy’Urukiko, iryo kosa Urukiko Rukuru rukaba rutararikosoye. Akaba asaba ko uru Rukiko rwarikosora rukemeza indishyi zari zagenwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye uko zakabaye kuko zitigeze zijuririrwa. [11] Muri uru rubanza harasuzumwa ibi bikurikira : kumenya niba Rukundo ashobora kongera kugabanyirizwa igihano, ibyerekeye indishyi zagenwe mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye. II. ISESENGURA RY’IKIBAZO KIGIZE URUBANZA a.Kumenya niba RUKUNDO ashobora kongera kugabanyirizwa igihano [12] Rukundo avuga ko n’ubwo yatinze kwemera icyaha, acyicuza kandi akagisabira imbabazi. Asaba kongera kugabanyirizwa ibihano kuko ibyo yahanishijwe ari birebire kandi yaragaragarije Urukiko ko yakoze icyaha ataragira ubunararibonye mu buzima, akiri muto kuko yari afite myaka 19 gusa. Asobanura ko n’ubwo yemeye iki cyaha bitinze, nta gihe ntarengwa cyo kuba uregwa yagarura umutima akemera icyaha. Bityo akaba asaba kugabanyirizwa ibihano nk’uko byagabanyijwe mu rubanza RPA00161/HC/RWG, rwaciwe kuwa 21/11/2021, Ubushinjacyaha buburana na Iyakaremye Valens, waregwaga gusambanya umwana w’imyaka 14 agahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka 3, ko hashingiwe ku kuba abantu bareshya imbere y’amategeko nawe yifuza ko yagabanyirizwa ibihano muri ubwo buryo. [13] Me Nyiramatama Bernadette umwunganira nawe avuga ko yakoze icyaha akiri muto, nta bunararibonye aragira akaba yari asanzwe y’itwara neza kandi icyaha yakoze nta ngaruka zikomeye cyateje, agasaba ko hashingirwa ku manza zirimo : urubanza RPAA00114/2024/CA rwaciwe ku wa 29/01/2024, rwagabanyirije Niyomugabo Cedrick ibihano kuko yakoze icyaha akiri muto ku myaka 20 gusa2 , bityo bikaba byashingirwaho na Rukundo akaba yagabanyirizwa igihano; urubanza RPAA00545/2023/CA rwo kuwa 29/11/2024 rwa Munyaneza Emmanuel w’imyaka 24 wasambanyije

2Uyu yakuwe ku gihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 17 yari yahawe n’Urukiko Rukuru, ahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka 16.

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umwana w’imyaka 9, ahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka123 . Avuga ko Urukiko rubibonye ukundi rwashingira ku rubanza RPAA00323/2023/CA rwa Tuyambaze Donat, rwaciwe kuwa 20/12/2024 hagashingirwa ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha z’uko akiri muto kandi nta cyaha arakurikiranwaho4 . [14] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko ibyo Rukundo asaba yabihawe n’Urukiko Rukuru/ Urugereko rwa Rwamagana kandi rukaba rwarakurikije amategeko kuko igihano yahanishijwe aricyo gito gitegenywa n’itegeko, bityo kikaba kidashobora kongera kugabanywa, avuga ko imanza zose ashingiraho zidashobora gushingirwaho kuko kuva aho itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange risohokeye, mu ngingo yaryo ya 2 riteganya uburyo ibihano bigabanywa mu gihe umucamanza yemeje impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, Rukundo akaba yarabigabayirijwe nk’uko biteganywa n’itegeko. [15] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko ikibazo cyo kugabanya igihano kikajya munsi y’igihano gito gitegenywa n’itegeko cyafashweho umurongo mu manza nyinshi zitandukanye zirimo RPAA00538/2024/CA, rwaciwe ku wa 21/01/2025 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Cyuzuzo Jean Claude wasabaga kongera kugabanyirizwa ibihano, icyaha yaregwaga gihanishwa igifungo cya burundu, ariko uru Rukiko rugasanga Urukiko Rukuru rwaramugabanyirije rukamuhanisha igifungo cy’ imyaka 15, bityo rwemeza ko icyaha gihanishwa igifungo cya burundu kidashobora kugabanyirizwa igihano ku buryo kijya munsi y’igifungo cy’imyaka 15. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [16] Impaka muri uru rubanza zishingiye ku kumenya niba Rukundo ashobora kongera kugabanyirizwa igihano kikaba cyajya munsi y’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) yahanishijwe n’Urukiko Rukuru/Urugereko rwa Rwamagana. [17] Ikibazo cyo kumenya niba umuntu wahamijwe icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana uri munsi y’imyaka 14 y’amavuko ashobora kugabanyirizwa igihano ku buryo kijya munsi y’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) hashingiwe ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha, cyakemuwe mu manza zitandukanye zaciwe n’uru Rukiko, kuva aho Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange risohokeye; uruheruka muri izo manza akaba ari urubanza RPAA00391/2023/CA rwaciwe kuwa 17/04/2025, Ubushinjacyaha buburana na Ntamakiriro Ezechiel. Muri izo manza, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwemeje ko icyo gihano kidashobora kugabanywa kuko aricyo gito giteganywa n’itegeko kuri icyo cyaha ndetse no ku kindi cyaha cyose gihanishwa igifungo cya burundu. [18] Mu rubanza rujuririrwa RPA00191/2021/HC/RWG, rwaciwe kuwa 28/12/2023, Urukiko Rukuru/Urugereko rwa Rwamagana rwagabanyirije Rukundo igihano ku cyaha cyo gusambanya umwana uri munsi y’imyaka 14 y’amavuko, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15). Ajurira asaba kongera kugabanyirizwa icyo gihano yifashishije imanza zitandukanye we n’umwunganizi we bagaragaje. [19] Uru Rukiko rurasanga ibyo Rukundo n’umwunganizi we basaba bidashoboka kuko igifungo cy’imyaka 15 yahanisihijwe aricyo gito gishoboka ku cyaha yahamijwe cyo gusambanya umwana ufite imyaka 11 hashingiwe ku murongo wavuzwe mu gika cya 17 cy’uru rubanza. Rurasanga kandi imanza bashingiraho basaba ko yagabanyirizwa igihano, zitarigeze zigabanya igihano ngo zijye munsi y’igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 15 nk’uko byemejwe mu murongo wavuzwe haruguru, uretse urubanza

3Muri uru rubanza uregwa ntiyigeze agabanyirizwa igihano n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire, uru Rukiko rwasanze ubujurire bwe nta shingiro bufite, ruhamishaho imikirize y’Urukiko Rukuru rwari rwahanishije uregwa igifungo cy’imyaka 12 ku cyaha cyo gusambanya mwana uri munsi y’imyaka 14. 4 Muri uru rubanza uregwa yakuwe ku gihano cy’igifungo cya Burundi yari yakatiwe n’inkiko zibanza ku cyaha cyo gusambanaya umwana w’imyaka 10, ahanishwa igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 15.

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RPAA00545/2023/CA rwaciwe ku wa 29/11/2024 Ubushinjacyaha buburana na Munyaneza Emmanuel wasambanyije umwana w’imyaka 9. Muri urwo rubanza Urukiko rw’Ubujurire nyuma yo gusanga ubujurire bwe budafite ishingiro rwahamishijeho igifungo cy’imyaka 12 yari yahawe n’Urukiko Rukuru/Urugereko rwa Rwamagana mbere y’uko itegeko rishya risohoka ; rutanga igihano kiri munsi y’imyaka 15 atari uko rugamije kunyuranya n’umurongo wavuzwe mu gika cya 17, ahubwo bitewe n’uko igihano yari yahawe kitari cyajuririwe, bityo kikaba kitarashoboraga no kongerwa. b.Ibyerekeranye n’indishyi zagenwe mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye. [20] Me Umulisa Alice uhagarariye uregera indishyi, Bamurange Joy mu izina ry’umwana U.H yasabye ko Urukiko rwakosora amakosa yabaye mu rubanza RP00284/2019/TGI/NYG, kuko uwo ahagarariye yaregeyemo indishyi ziraburanwa ndetse ziragenwa mu isesengura ry’urubanza, ariko habamo ikosa ry’uko zitashyizwe mu cyemezo cy’Urukiko. Iryo kosa rikaba ryarakomeje ntiryakosorwa mu Rukiko Rukuru/ Urugereko rwa Rwamagana kuko uregera indishyi atigeze ahamagazwa muri urwo rubanza. Akaba asaba ko Uru Rukiko rwarikosora rukemeza indishyi zari zagenwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye uko zakabaye kuko zitigeze zijuririrwa. [21] Rukundo we avuga ko indishyi aregwa atapfa kuzibona kuko ari umwana w’indushyi, ko izo ndishyi yazikurirwaho cyane ko nta ngaruka icyaha cyateje. Me Nyiramatama Bernadette umwunganira, avuga ko indishyi zitajuririwe kandi zikaba zaraburanwe, umwanzuro wazifatiwe ukaba itegeko, bityo hakaba hagomba kugumaho izari zagenwe mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye. [22] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyhaha nawe avuga ko amakosa yakozwe yakosorwa indishyi zikagenwa nk’uko zari zagenwe mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyagatare. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [23] Ku bijyanye n’iyi ngingo, uru rukiko rusanga nta mpaka zigihari kuko nk’uko umwunganizi wa Rukundo abivuga Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyagatare mu isesengura ryarwo rwageneye Bamurange Joy mu izina ry’umwana we indishyi za Miliyoni eshatu (3.000.000); uwo mwanzuro zafatiwe ukaba utarajuririwe bityo uba itegeko, uru rukiko rukaba rugomba gukosora ikosa ryabaye ryo kutazigaragaza mu cyemezo cyarwo, rukemeza ko agomba kuzihabwa; ibyo akaba ari nabyo uregera indishyi asaba. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [24] Rwemeje ko Ubujurire bwa Rukundo nta shingiro bufite; [25] Rwemeje ko imikirize y’urubanza RPA00191/2021/HC/RWG, rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru/Urugereko rwa Rwamagana, ku wa 28/12/2023, ihindutse ku bijyanye n’indishyi. [26] Rwemeje ko igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15), Rukundo yahanishijwe n’Urukiko Rukuru/Urugereko rwa Rwamagana, kigumyeho; [27] Rutegetse Rukundo kwishyura Bamurange Joy mu izina ry’umwana U.H, indishyi zingana na miriyoni eshatu (3.000.000Frw) zikubiyemo indishyi z’akababaro n’ay’ikurukirarubanza. [28] Rutegetse ko Rukundo asonewe gutanga amagarama y’urubanza kuko aburana afunze.