UBUSHINJACYAHA v. KOMEZUSENGE

# UBUSHINJACYAHA v. KOMEZUSENGE

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2025-05-25 - Case/document no.: RPAA 01317/2024/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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UBUSHINJACYAHA v. KOMEZUSENGE [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RPAA 01317/2024/CA (Umugwaneza, P.J.) 25 Gicurasi 2025] Amategeko agenga imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha – Ibimenyetso – Mu manza nshinjabyaha, ikimenyetso gishingira ku mpamvu zose z’ibyabaye n’ibyemejwe n’amategeko, ababuranyi bapfa kuba barahawe umwanya wo kubijyaho impaka. Amategeko agenga imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha – Kugabanya igihano – Uregwa ntiyongera kugabanyirizwa ibihano, iyo mu bujurire Urukiko rusanga yarabigabanyirijwe bihagije, harebwe uburemere bw’icyaha n’uburyo icyaha cyakozwemo. Incamake y’ikibazo: Komezusenge Evariste, Fatisuka Laurent na Zigama Joseph alias Tiwayi bakurikiranyweho n’Ubushinjacyaha icyaha cyo gutunda ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, nyuma yuko bafatanywe imifuka yarwo 10 ingana n’ibiro 247 bitegura kurwohereza I Muhanga, bubaregera Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Rusizi. Urwo Rukiko rwaciye urubanza rwemeza ko Fatisuka Laurent na Komezusenge Evariste bahamwa n’icyaha cyo kubika no gutunda ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, bahanishwa buri wese igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’irindwi (17) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000 Frw). Abaregwa bajuririye mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rusizi, buri wese avuga ko yahamijwe icyaha atakoze agasaba kurenganurwa akagirwa umwere. Urwo Rukiko ruca urubanza rwemeza ko kuri Komezusenge urubanza yajuririye rudahindutse, ko hagumyeho igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’irindwi (17) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000 Frw) yahanishijwe ku rwego rwa mbere; naho kuri Fatisuka rwemeza ko adahamwa n’icyaha aregwa cyo gutunda no kubika ibiyobyabwenge. Komezusenge yajuririye mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire avuga ko yahamijwe icyaha cyo gutunda no kubika ibiyobyabwenge mu buryo bugenekereje kuko nta bimenyetso bidashidikanywaho byemeza ko yagikoze byashingiweho, hirengagizwa ibimenyetso byemeza nta gushidikanya ko urumogi rwafashwe rutari urwe, Asaba ko yahanagurwaho icyo cyaha akagirwa umwe, Urukiko rwaba rubibonye ukundi rukamugabanyiriza igihano kugeza ku gifungo cy’imyaka icumi (10) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni imwe n’ibihumbi ijana na mirongo itanu (1.250.000 Frw). Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko ubujurire nta shingiro bufite kuko Urukiko rubanza rwagaragaje ibimenyetso rwashingiyeho rumuhamya icyaha cyo gutunda no kubika ibiyobyabwenge by’urumogi, akaba atabasha kubivuguruza. Buvuga kandi ko uregwa atakongera kugabanyirizwa igihano kuko yagabanyirijwe agahanishwa igihano gikwiye. Incamake y’icyemezo: 1. Mu manza nshinjabyaha, ikimenyetso gishingira ku mpamvu zose z’ibyabaye n’ibyemejwe n’amategeko, ababuranyi bapfa kuba barahawe umwanya wo kubijyaho impaka.

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2. Uregwa ntiyongera kugabanyirizwa ibihano, iyo mu bujurire Urukiko rusanga yarabigabanyirijwe bihagije, harebwe uburemere bw’icyaha n’uburyo icyaha cyakozwemo. Ubujurire nta shingiro bufite. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko N° 027/2019 ryo ku wa 19/09/2019 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha, Ingingo ya 108; Itegeko N° 062/2024 ryo ku wa 20/06/2024 rigenga ibimenyetso, ingingo ya 87. Imanza zifashishijwe: RPA 0129/10/CS; Ubushinjacyaha vs Mpitabakana rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwaciwe ku wa 07/03/2014. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Rusizi, Ubushinjacyaha bwareze Komezusenge Evariste, Fatisuka Laurent na Zigama Joseph alias Tiwayi, icyaha cyo gutunda ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, buvuga ko bigabanyijemo amatsinda bakajya bakora ibikorwa byo kurangura urumogi muri DRC1, bakaza kurubika mu Rwanda, barangiza bakarucuruza mu bice bitandukanye by’u Rwanda, batahurwa ubwo ku wa 26/09/2022 Komezusenge Evariste ari mu Murenge wa Bushekeri yahamagaye uwitwa Hakizimana Jean Claude alias Gasongo amusaba ko yamushakira imodoka itwara imifuka icumi (10) y’amakara iyavana mu Kagari ka Kigoya, Umurenge wa Kanjongo, Akarere ka Nyamasheke, akayageza mu mujyi wa Muhanga ku mafaranga ibihumbi makumyabiri na bitanu (25.000 Frw), Hakizimana Jean Claude alias Gasongo yabonye imodoka ya Fuso yari itwawe n’umushoferi witwa Niyitanga Didier, yajyana nayo gupakira ayo makara, bageze mu nzira bahasanga Fatisuka Laurent nawe barajyana kugira ngo ajye kwerekana aho amakara aherereye anabahe amafaranga bakoreye. [2] Bageze aho amakara ari, umushoferi ariwe Niyitanga Didier yagize amakenga, asatura umufuka umwe w’amakara asanga bagiye bafata udukara duke inyuma imbere bagashyiramo undi mufuka urimo urumogi, asanga ariko bimeze ku mifuka icumi (10) yose yari agiye gutwara, nibwo yahise abaza Fatisuka Laurent impamvu bashaka kumwikoreza urumogi, Fatisuka Laurent abonye ko umugambi wabo wapfubye ashaka gucika, ariko acika aburiwe na Zigama Joseph alias Tiwayi wari umaze kumwandikira ubutumwa bugufi amubwira ngo nacike baje kumufata, nibwo yashatse gucika abaturage baramufata baramugarura, naho Hakizimana Jean Claude alias Gasongo ahita afata Moto ajya kuzana imodoka ya RIB ajya no kubereka aho urwo rumogi ruri basanga ruri mu mifuka icumi(10), ipima ibiro 247 (247 kgs). [3] Komezusenge Evariste, Fatisuka Laurent na Zigama Joseph alias Tiwayi, buri wese yaburanye ahakana icyaha aregwa. Mu rubanza RP 00466/2022/TGI/RSZ rwaciwe ku wa

1 Demicratic Republic of Congo

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29/12/2023, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Rusizi rusanga ibiyobyabwenge byafashwe bingana n’ibiro 247 (247 kgs) by’urumogi, ari ibya Fatisuka Laurent na Komezusenge Evariste, rusanga kandi bari bafite ubushake bwo kubitunda ngo babijyane i Muhanga kuko bari bahereye ku munsi wabanjirije uwo bafashweho babishakira imodoka, yamara kuboneka Fatisuka Laurent akayijyana aho ibiyobyabwenge biri mu Murenge wa Kanjongo, ariwe uribwishyure shoferi na Hakizimana Jean Claude wari washatse imodoka, bagezeyo shoferi akabona ko ibyo aje gutwara atari amakara nk’uko bari babimubwiye ahubwo ari urumogi; rwemeza ko Fatisuka Laurent na Komezusenge Evariste bahamwa n’icyaha cyo kubika no gutunda ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, bahanishwa buri wese igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’irindwi (17) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000 Frw). [4] Kuri Zigama Joseph alias Tiwayi, Urukiko rwasanze icyo Ubushinjacyaha bushingiraho bumushinja ko nawe yari mu mugambi umwe na bagenzi be baregwa hamwe, ari ubutumwa bugufi yandikiye Fatisuka Laurent amubwira ngo ahunge batamufata, rusanga ubwo butumwa bugufi atari ikimenyetso cyemeza ko bafatanya ibikorwa byo gutunda no kubika ibiyobyabwenge kuko ashobora kuba yarabwanditse nta kindi agamije, maze rwemeza ko we adahamwa n’icyaha aregwa cyo gutunda no kubika ibiyobyabwenge. [5] Fatisuka Laurent na Komezusenge Evariste bajuririye urwo rubanza mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rusizi, buri wese avuga ko yahamijwe icyaha atakoze agasaba kurenganurwa akagirwa umwere. Ubushinjacyaha bwavuze ko ubujurire bwabo nta shingiro bufite kuko bacuriye hamwe umugambi bashaka imodoka bajya gupakira urumogi. [6] Mu rubanza RPA 00005/2024/HC/RSZ rwaciwe ku wa 26/11/2024, Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rusizi rwasanze kuri Komezusenge Evariste hari ibimenyetso byemeza ko akomeza guhamwa n’icyaha cyo gutunda no kubika ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, birimo kuba yemera ko ariwe wamenye mbere icyo bita ikiraka cyo gupakira amakara ariko yihunza kujyayo ahubwo asaba Fatisuka Laurent ko ari we wajyayo akajyana na shoferi, we akabahemba ndetse agenda abarangira aho ibyo yitaga amakara biherereye anaha Fatisuka Laurent nomero ya telefone agenda ahamagara. Rwemeza ko kuri we urubanza yajuririye rudahindutse, ko hagumyeho igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’irindwi (17) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000 Frw) yahanishijwe ku rwego rwa mbere. [7] Kuri Fatisuka Laurent, Urukiko rwasanze hari ugushidikanya ku kuba yari azi ko agiye gupakira urumogi kuko n’ubwo yajyanye n’umushoferi, ariko hari ugushidikanya ko yari azi ibyo agiye gupakira no ku ruhare yari abifiteho. Kubera iyo mpamvu, rwemeza ko adahamwa n’icyaha aregwa cyo gutunda no kubika ibiyobyabwenge. [8] Komezusenge Evariste yajuririye Urukiko rw’Ubujurire, urubanza ruhabwa RPAA 01317/2024/CA, ruburanishwa mu ruhame ku wa 09/05/2025, yunganiwe na Me Ilimubuhanga Jean de Dieu, Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na Rukaka Gallican, Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’Igihugu. [9] Mu myanzuro y’ubujurire no mu miburanire, Komezusenge Evariste n’umwunganira bavuga ko yahamijwe icyaha cyo gutunda no kubika ibiyobyabwenge mu buryo bugenekereje kuko nta bimenyetso bidashidikanywaho byemeza ko yagikoze byashingiweho, hirengagizwa ibimenyetso byemeza nta gushidikanya ko urumogi rwafashwe rutari urwa Komezusenge Evariste,

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basaba ko yahanagurwaho icyo cyaha akagirwa umwe, Urukiko rwaba rubibonye ukundi rukamugabanyiriza igihano kugeza ku gifungo cy’imyaka icumi (10) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni imwe n’ibihumbi ijana na mirongo itanu (1.250.000 Frw). [10] Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko ubujurire bwa Komezusenge Evariste nta shingiro bufite kuko Urukiko rubanza rwagaragaje ibimenyetso rwashingiyeho rumuhamya icyaha cyo gutunda no kubika ibiyobyabwenge by’urumogi, akaba atabasha kubivuguruza. Buvuga kandi ko Komezusenge Evariste atakongera kugabanyirizwa igihano kuko yagabanyirijwe agahanishwa igihano gikwiye, cyane cyane ko nta musanzu anzanye wo korohereza ubutabera yemera icyaha ngo nabyo bibe byashingirwaho. [11] Hakurikijwe iyo miburanire, muri uru rubanza harasuzumwa ibibazo bikurikira:

a. kumenya niba Komezusenge Evariste yarahamijwe icyaha cyo gutunda no kubika ibiyobyabwenge hashingiwe ku bimenyetso bishikanywaho;

b. kumenya niba hari ibimenyetso byirengagijwe byemeza ko urumogi rwafashwe rutari urwa Komezusenge Evariste;

c. kumenya niba Komezusenge Evariste yagabanyirizwa ibihano.

II. ISESENGURA RY’IBIBAZO BIGIZE URUBANZA

a. Ibyerekeye kumenya niba Komezusenge Evariste yarahamijwe icyaha cyo gutunda no kubika ibiyobyabwenge hashingiwe ku bimenyetso bishikanywaho [12] Komezusenge Evariste na Me Ilimubuhanga Jean de Dieu umwunganira bavuga ko yahamijwe icyaha cyo gutunda no kubika ibiyobyabwenge mu buryo bugenekereje kuko nta bimenyetso bidashidikanywaho byemeza ko yagikoze byashingiweho, bagasaba ko yarenganurwa akagirwa umwere. [13] Komezusenge Evariste asobanura ko mu icibwa ry’urubanza rujuririrwa hagendewe ku magambo ya Fatisuka Laurent adafitiwe gihamya, wahunze uruhare rwe rw’uburyo ariwe ubwe washatse imodoka ahamagawe n’abo yari yahaye nomero ye ya telefone nk’umuntu ukora umwuga w’ubukomisiyoneri, ahubwo yigaragaza nk’udafite aho ahuriye n’ibyo gushakira abantu imodoka bakabaha ibihembo. Avuga kandi ko ku rupapuro rwa 7, igika cya 19 cy’urubanza rujuririrwa, Urukiko rwafashe ibintu uko bitari, ruvuga ko afatwa yemeye ko urumogi ari urwe, nyamara atari byo kuko iyo abyemera aba yarasobanuye aho ruvanwa n’aho rujyanwa. [14] Komezusenge Evariste akomeza avuga ko nk’umuntu ukora akazi ko guhuza abafite imodoka zipakira imizigo n’abakiriya bafite imizigo yo gupakira, ari muri urwo rwego yahamagawe n’abantu bamusaba kumushakira imodoka ipakira amakara, ababwira ko ari mu bukwe ariko abaha nomero z’abandi bantu bakora akazi kamwe k’ubukomisiyoneri, aribwo

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bahamagaye Fatisuka Laurent abashakira imodoka, ariko mu buryo bwo kuremereza ibintu Urukiko ruvuga ko umunsi ubanziriza ifatwa ry’urumogi yavuganye iminsi myinshi na Fatisuka Laurent bityo ko yari azi iby’urumogi, nyamara kuba yaravuganye nawe atari ikimenyetso nyakuri cyemeza ko bavuganaga iby’urumogi kuko nta munsi n’umwe batavuganaga, ko iyo umwe yabaga ikiraka yahamagara undi. [15] Komezusenge Evariste avuga kandi ko ibyo kuvuga ko yashatse imodoka n’umushoferi akoresheje Fatisuka Laurent, ataribyo kuko atazi uwo mushoferi, bakaba batarigeze banavugana kuri telefone. Asaba uru Rukiko gushingira ku ngingo ya 4 y’Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange no ku ngingo ya 111 y’Itegeko N° 027/2019 ryo ku wa 19/09/2019 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza nshinjabyaha, rukabona ko adahamwa n’icyaha aregwa kuko nta kimenyetso na kimwe cyemeza ko hari aho ahuriye n’urumogi aregwa cyangwa cyemeza ko yari azi ko rugiye gupakirwa. [16] Me Ilimubuhanga Jean de Dieu avuga ko Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rusizi rwahamije Komezusenge Evariste icyaha rushingiye ku bimenyetso bishidikanywaho, ibyo akabishingira ku mpamvu zikurikira:

▪ Kuba Komezusenge Evariste atari we nyiri inzu yakodeshwaga yari ibitsemo urumogi kandi akaba atanayikodeshyereza abandi bantu;

▪ Kuba umushoferi wari ugiye kutwara ibyo biyobyabwenge ntaho yagaragaje ko byatunzwe na Komezusenge Evariste cyangwa ngo habe hari abandi batangabuhamya babyemeza batyo; ▪ kuba uwari ubitse urumogi ariwe Ukundanundi Théogène ufite telefone: 0788495906 arwemera, kubera ko mu gika cya 12 cy’urubanza rujuririrwa Urukiko Rukuru rwemeje ko uyu yavuganye n’umushoferi amuyobora aho imifuka irimo urumogi yari iri, ibyo bisobanuye neza ko iyo mifuka y’urumogi itari iya Komezusenge Evariste, ahubwo yari iy’abantu birutse kandi ko ari nabo bari barubitse ndetse ari nabo basabye Komezusenge Evariste kubashakira umuntu uyibatwarira kubera ko bari bamuzi nk’umuntu ushakira abantu imodoka zitwara imizigo;

▪ Kuba uwari ufite iyo mifuka ndetse wari utangiye kuyipakira ariwe Uwimana Théobald ufite telefone: 0782245560 yaragaragaye ariko igatwererwa Komezusenge Evariste;

▪ Kuba imwe mu mpamvu yatumye Komezusenge Evariste ahamwa n’icyaha ari uko yaganiriye kuri telefone na Fatisuka Laurent, nyamara nk’abantu baziranye nta cyari kubabuza kuvugana kandi nta ho Ubushinjacyaha bwabashije kugaragaza ko icyo baganiragaho ari urwo urumogi, bityo ko icyo atari ikimenyetso cyo gutunda no gucuruza urumogi;

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▪ Kuba Urukiko Rukuru rwaravuze ko Komezusenge Evariste agifatwa yemeye icyaha, nyamara mu nyandikomvugo ze haba iyo mu Bugenzacyaha cyangwa iyo mu Bushinjacyaha ntaho bigaragara ko yacyemeye;

▪ Kuba Komezusenge Evariste ataziranye n’abantu babiri (2) basanzwe ahari iyo mifuka y’urumogi bahise bahunga, kuko iyo aba aziranye nabo, hari kurebwa “call history” hakarebwa niba basanzwe bavugana ndetse n’ibikubiye mu butumwa bahanaga kuri telefone zabo, hakanamenyekana ko Komezusenge Evariste agenda aho hantu hari habitse iyo mifuka (aho imodoka yari kujya kuyipakira). Ko kuba bitarakozwe, Urukiko rukihutira guhamya icyaha Komezusenge Evariste, bigaragaza ko habayemo kugenekerera kuko nta kimenyetso kigaragaza isano iri hagati ye n’icyaha yahamijwe cyo gutunda no gufatanwa ibiyobyabwenge, mu gihe ahantu byafatiwe ntaho ahuriye naho ndetse n’uwari ugiye gupakira urwo rumogi arutunda atariwe wari kumuhemba ndetse atari nawe wabimuhaye. Avuga kandi ko mu rwego rwo kumenya ukuri iyo “call history” yashakwa aho kugira ngo umuntu w’intungane ahamwe n’icyaha kandi ntaho ahuriye nacyo. [17] Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko iyi ngingo y’ubujurire nta shingiro ifite kuko nk’uko bigaragara mu gika cya 17 n’icya 18 by’urubanza rujurirwa, Urukiko rubanza rwagaragaje ibimenyetso rwashingiyeho ruhamya Komezusenge Evariste icyaha cyo gutunda no kubika ibiyobyabwenge by’urumogi, kugeza ubu akaba atabasha kubivuguruza. [18] Ubushinjacyaha bukomeza buvuga ko, Fatisuka Laurent yabwije Urukiko ukuri, avuga ko ibyo yaregwaga yabishowemo na Komezusenge Evariste, kandi na Komezusenge akaba adahakana ko ari we watelefonye bwa mbere Fatisuka Laurent amusaba kujyana n’imodoka gupakira urumogi bo bitaga amakara. Uko Urukiko rubibona [19] Ku bijyanye n’ibimenyetso mu manza nshinjabyaha, ingingo ya 87 y’Itegeko N° 062/2024 ryo ku wa 20/06/2024 rigenga ibimenyetso, ivuga ko: “Mu rubanza nshinjabyaha, ikimenyetso gishingira ku mpamvu zose z’ibyabaye n’ibyemejwe n’amategeko, ababuranyi bapfa kuba barahawe umwanya wo kubijyaho impaka”. [20] Kopi y’urubanza rujurirwa, igika cya 18, igaragaza ko Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rusizi rwagumishijeho icyemezo cyafashwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Rusizi gihamya Komezusenge Evariste icyaha cyo gutunda no kubika ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, hashingiwe ku kuba yemera ko ariwe wamenye mbere icyo bita ikiraka cyo gupakira amakara ariko yihunza kujyayo ahubwo asaba Fatisuka Laurent ko ari we wajyayo akajyana na shoferi, we akabahemba ndetse agenda abarangira aho ibyo yitaga amakara biherereye anaha Fatisuka Laurent nomero ya telefone agenda ahamagara. [21] Dosiye y’uru rubanza igaragaza ko Fatisuka Laurent abazwa mu Bugenzacyaha ku wa 26/09/2022, yavuze ko yahawe ikiraka na Komezusenge Evariste cyo kujyana n’imodoka gupakira amakara mu Murenge wa Kanjongo aho bita kwa Matotwe amubwira ko impamvu atigiriyeyo ari uko afite ubukwe. Fatisuka Laurent yakomeje avuga ko Komezusenge Evariste yamubwiye ko bari

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bupakire imifunga icumi (10) y’amakara bakayavana Kanjongo bakayageza i Muhanga, ko ikiraka muri rusange ari icy’amafaranga ibihumbi mirongo ine (40.000 Frw), ko abashoferi abaha ibihumbi makumyabiri na bitanu (25.000 Frw) naho we agafata ibihumbi cumi (10.000 Frw), ibihumbi bitanu (5.000 Frw) bisigaye akayereka Hakizimana Jean Claude alias Gasongo akamubwira ko ariyo bakoreye. Akomeza avuga ko Komezusenge Evariste amaze kubarangira aho amakara aherereye yasigaye ku Buhinga, bagenda bahamagarana n’umuntu ukoresha telefone: 0782245560 kugeza bageze aho amakara ari, umushoferi abonye ari imifuka mitoya agira amakenge acamo umufaka umwe asanga harimo urumogi, basanga ariko bimeze mu mifuka yose uko ari icumi (10). [22] Dosiye igaragaza kandi ibazwa rya Hakizimana Jean Claude alias Gasongo mu Bugenzacyaha ku wa 26/09/2022 no mu Bushinjacyaha ku wa 03/10/2022, wemeza ko mu gitondo cyo kuri iyo tariki yahamagawe na Komezusenge Evariste amusaba ko yamushakira imodoka imutwarira imifuka makumyabiri (20) y’amakata iyavana mu Murenge wa Kanjongo ikayajyana i Muhanga, ahagaritse imodoka ya mbere umushoferi amubwira ko atatwara imifuka makumyabiri (20) y’amakara adafite icyangombwa, umushoferi amuhamagarira mugenzi we, bageze ku Buhinga bahasanga Komezusenge Evariste, nibwo yisubiyeho avuga ko amakara ari imifuka icumi (10), anabwira Fatisuka Laurent ko ajyana n’iyo modoka akajya kubereka aho ayo makara aherereye anamuha nomero za telefone z’umuntu uri buyabahe, bahageze umushoferi asatura imufuka y’amakara basanga harimo urumogi. [23] Dosiye y’uru rubanza igaragaza na none ibazwa rya Zigama Joseph alias Tiwayi mu Bugenzacyaha ku wa 01/11/2022, wemeza ko ku mugoroba ubanziriza ku wa 26/09/2022, yahamagawe na Fatisuka Laurent na Komezusenge Evariste bamusaba ko yabashakira imodoka eshatu (3) zitwara imizigo, imwe iri butware imbaho, indi igatwara amakara n’indi igatwara ibisheke, bamubwira ko umufuka umwe w’amakara uributwarwe ku mafaranga ibihumbi bitanu (5.000 Frw) kuwugeza i Muhanga, bukeye aho aboneye imodoka asanga babonye indi, ubwo yari aje gupakira ibisheke mu Gatare yandikira Fatisuka Laurent ubutumwa bugufi amubwira ngo nacike batamufata kuko yari amaze kumenya ko mu makara bagiye gupakira harimo urumogi. [24] Muri dosiye y’uru rubanza hagaragara kandi ubuhamya bwa Niyitanga Didier, uyu akaba ari umushoferi wari wahawe ikiraka cyo gupakira amakara yasanzwemo urumogi, wemeza ko ku itariki ya 26/09/2022, avuye i Rusizi ageze ku Buhinga yahagaritswe n’abagabo batatu (3) bamusaba ko yajya kubatwarira amakara bakamwishyura ibihumbi makumyabiri na bitanu (25.000 Frw) ku mifuka icumi (10) y’amakara, baragiye bageze mu nzira arikumwe na Fatisuka Laurent na Hakizimana Jean Claude alias Gasongo mu modoka, bazamura volime ya radiyo y’imodoka yari atwaye batangira kongorerana, bituma agira amakenge bageze aho amakara ari asatura umufuka urimo amakara asanga imbere harimo undi mufuka urimo urumogi, bigenda bityo ku mifuka yose uko ari icumi (10), Fatisuka Laurent na Hakizimana Jean Claude alias Gasongo babonye ko byamenyekanye bariruka abaturage bafata Fatisuka Laurent. [25] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga imvugo za Fatisuka Laurent, Hakizimana Jean Claude alias Gasongo, Zigama Joseph alias Tiwayi na Niyitanga Didier zose zagaragajwe mu bika bibanziriza iki, ari ibimenyetso byuzuzanya kandi byemeza nta gushidikanya ko urumogi ruvugwa muri iyi dosiye ari urwa Komezusenge Evariste wahereye ku mugoroba wo ku itariki ya 25/09/2022 arushakira imodoka akoresheje Zigama Joseph alias Tiwayi arwita ko ari amakara, bukeye ku itariki ya 26/09/2022 abonye Tiwayi atinze kuyibona akoresha Hakizimana Jean Claude

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alias Gasongo, imodoka imaze kuboneka Komezusenge Evariste yanga kujyana nayo aho amakari ari ahubwo yoherezayo Fatisuka Laurent ngo ariwe ujyana n’iyo modoka na Hakizimana Jean Claude alias Gasongo wari wayishatse bajye gupakira ibyo we yitaga amakara, abemera ibihembo, anaha Fatisuka Laurent nomero za telefone z’umuntu bari bugende bavugana akabarangira aho amakara bayasanga, bagezeyo shoferi w’imodoka yari igiye gutwara ayo amakara ariwe Niyitanga Didier agira amakenga, asatura umufuka w’amakara agasanga imbere harimo undi mufuka urimo urumogi, asanga ariko bimeze ku mifuka icumi (10) yose. [26] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga iyo urumogi ruza kuba atari urwa Komezusenge Evariste nk’uko abivuga, yakabaye agaragaza undi muntu wari wamuhaye akazi ko kurushakira imodoka, aho kuba avuga gusa ko yahamagawe n’umuntu atazi amusaba kumushakira imodoka. Urukiko rukaba rusanga ibyo ari amayeri yo gushaka guhunga icyaha kuko yaba abo yasabye kumushakira imodoka aribo Hakizimana Jean Claude alias Gasongo na Zigama Joseph alias Tiwayi yaba na Fatisuka Laurent yasabye kujyana n’imodoka yari imaze kubone gupakira amayo makara, nta n’umwe wemeza ko yigeze amubwira ko amakara arimo gushakira imodoka ari y’undi muntu, ahubwo Hakizimana Jean Claude alias Gasongo na Zigama Joseph alias Tiwayi buri wese avuga ko yamusabye kumushakira imodoka na Fatisuka Laurent akemeza ko yamusabye kujyana n’imodoka gupakira amakara kuko we atabonetse, byumvikanisha ko umuzigo wari uwe kuko iyo uza kuba ari uw’undi muntu, uwo wari kuba ari nyirawo ariwe wari kujyana n’imodoka kuwupakira, cyangwa se Komezusenge Evariste akaba yarabwiye abo yahaye akazi ko umuzigo atari uwe. [27] Urukiko rw’ubujurire rurasanga kuba Komezusenge Evariste atari we nyiri inzu yari ibitsemo urumogi cyangwa ngo abe ariwe wayikodeshaga, bitamukuraho icyaha kuko ibyo bitavuze ko urumogi rutari urwe, kubera ko nk’uko bimaze gusobanurwa mu bika bibanziriza iki, iyo rutaba urwe atari kurushakira imodoka yo kurutwara ngo anashake n’umuntu ujyana nayo kurupakira akanamubwira ko aribumuhembe, ntamugaragarize ko hari undi nyiri umuzigo utari we. [28] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga kandi kuba umushoferi wari ugiye gutwara ibyo biyobyabwenge ntaho yagaragaje ko byatunzwe na Komezusenge Evariste cyangwa ngo habe hari abandi batangabuhamya babyemeza batyo, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rusanga nabyo bitamukuraho icyaha kuko harebwe amayeri yakoresheje agashaka imodoka akoresheje abandi bantu naho ibonekeye ntajyane nayo aho umuzigo uri ahubwo agasaba Fatisuka Laurent kujyana nayo akamuhemba, ntaho umushoferi yari guhera amenya ko ariwe nyiri umuzigo yari agiye gutwara wasanzwemo urumogi, n’abandi batangabuhamya bari aho nabo babonye ko ayo makara avanze n’urumogi, nti bashoraga kumenya ko ari aya Komezusenge Evariste mugihe batahamubonye, ariko kandi ntibikuraho ko hari ibindi bimenyetso byemeza nta shiti ko rwari urwe nk’uko byagaragajwe mu gika cya 25 n’icya 26 by’uru rubanza. [29] Ku bijyanye no kuvuga ko urumogi ruvugwa muri uru rubanza ari urw’abantu bari barubitse ari nabo basabye Komezusenge Evariste kubashakira umuntu urubatwarira bakanagenda bavugana n’umushoferi bamurangira, babonye batahuwe baracika, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga ntashingiro bifite kuko nk’uko byakomeje gusobanurwa haruguru, Komezusenge Evariste ntabasha kugaragaza umuntu wamusabye kumushakira imodoka itwara amakara ari nayo yagaragayemo urumogi, ahubwo nk’uko byemezwa na Zigama Joseph alias Tiwayi na Hakizimana Jean Claude alias Gasongo, niwe wabasabye gushaka imodoka, anasaba Fatisuka Laurent kujyana

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nayo anamuha nomero za telefone z’umuntu bagenda bavugana akabayobora, byumvikanisha ko byose ariwe wari ubiri inyuma. [30] Ku bijyanye n’imiburanire ya Komezusenge Evariste y’uko mu mpamvu zatumye ahamwa n’icyaha harimo kuba yaracyemeye agifatwa, nyamara mu nyandikomvugo ze haba iyo mu Bugenzacyaha cyangwa iyo mu Bushinjacyaha ntaho bigaragara ko yacyemeye, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga nta shingiro ifite kuko imikirize y’urubanza rujuririrwa ntaho igaragaza ko Urukiko rwashingiye ku kwemera icyaha kwe, ahubwo icyo Urukiko rwagaragaje mu gika kibanziriza icyaha 18, ni uko Komezusenge Evariste yemeye ko ariwe wamenye icyo bita ikiraka mbere akabwira Fatisuka Laurent ko abonye akazi akamusaba ko yajyayo ndetse amuha na numero agenda ahamagara. Ibi rero ni nako byagenze kuko nk’uko byakomeje gusobanurwa haruguru Komezusenge Evariste ariwe watangije igikorwa cyo gushaka imodoka ijya gupakira amakara yaje gusangwamo urumogi, aho imodoka ibonekeye asaba Fatisuka Laurent kujyana nayo. [31] Hashingiwe ku bisobanuro byose bimaze gutangwa, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga, Komezusenge Evariste yarahamijwe icyaha cyo kubika no gutunda ibiyobyabwenge (urumogi) hashingiwe ku bimenyetso byuzuzanya kandi bidashidikanywaho, bityo ubujurire bwe kuri iyi ngingo buka nta shingiro bufite.

b. Ibyerekeye kumenya niba hari ibimenyetso byirengagijwe byemeza ko urumogi rwafashwe rutari urwa Komezusenge Evariste [32] Me Ilimubuhanga Jean de Dieu avuga ko mu icibwa ry’urubanza rujuririrwa hirengagijwe ibimenyetso biri muri dosiye bigaragaza nta gushidikanya ko urumogi rwafashwe rutari urwa Komezusenge Evariste, birimo: ▪ imvugo ya Fatisuka Laurent wemeza ko igihe imifuka irimo urumogi yafatwaga abari bayibitse bari bahari, ariko ko Komezusenge Evariste we atari ahari, ko yari ku Buhinga kandi imifuka yarafatiwe Kirambo, akanemeza ko umuntu wari guhemba shoferi wari gutwara iyo mifuka ari umuntu ukoresha nomero ya telefone: 0788495906, kandi iyo nomero ikaba yanditse kuri Théogène Ukundukundi; bisobanuye neza ko Komezusenge Evariste atari we wayifatanwe atari nawe wari uyibitse, ahubwo abari bayibitse bahise biruka, kandi ko atariwe nyirayo kuko iyo aza kuba nyirayo nta cyari kumubuza kujyana n’imodoka yari igiye kuyipakira kuko yari iturutse ku Buhingako aho yarari, ko rero niba imifuka itari ibitswe na Komezusenge ndetse akaba atariwe wari kwishyura “transport” yayo, Urukiko ntaho rwari guhera rumuhamya icyaha cyo kubika kandi ababitse bahari (abatorotse) n’icyaha cyo gutunda kandi uwari kwishyura ikiguzi cyo gutunda ahari ariwe Théogène Ukundukundi; ▪ imvugo z’umutangabuhamya witwa Jean Pierre Majaribu, wasobanuye ko urumogi rwari urw’abantu babaga munzu yakuwemo imifuka y’amakara rwarimo, ibyo bikaba bivuguruza ibyo Urukiko rwavuze ko urwo rumogi rwari urwa Komezusenge Evariste kuko atariwe wabaga muri iyo nzu;

▪ imvugo za shoferi Niyitanga Didier wari ugiye gupakira iyo mifuka, wagaragaje ko Komezusenge Evariste ntaho ahuriye n’ibiyobyabwenge, ahubwo ko Fatisuka Laurent na

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Hakizimana Jean Claude aribo bari bazi ibirimo kuko bakibona atangiye kureba ibirimo bahise biruka ndetse n’abahungu bazanaga iyo mifuka nabo bariruka;

▪ raporo y’ubuyobozi bw’ibanze, igaragza ko imifuka yasanzwemo urumogi yari ibitswe na Uwimana Théobald, Shingiro Patrick na Nshimiyimana Samuel (abasore babaga mu nzu iyo mifuka yari ibitsemo), ikanamara impaka ku bakoze icyaha cyo gutunda ibiyobyabwenge aho igaragaza ko ari Fatisuka Laurent (wagizwe umwere) na Hakizimana Jean Claude;

▪ raporo igaragaza abantu batorotse.

Avuga ko rero Urukiko rutari kwihutira guhamya icyaha Komezusenge Evariste kandi hari abantu bari babitse iyo mifuka, bagatoroka, ahubwo ko abo bantu bagombaga gushakishwa bakagaragaza ukuri, bakavuga nyiri iyo mifuka n’uwo bari bayibikiye. Ko kuba byarirengagijwe ahubwo iyo mifuka igatwererwa Komezusenge Evariste, ari inenge ikwiye gukosorwa byaba ngomba Urukiko rugategeka ko abo bantu bashakishwa bagatanga ubuhamya aho guha igihano umuntu w’intungane. [33] Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko nta kimenyetso Komezusenge Evariste agaragaza cyemeza ko ibiyobyabwenge byafashwe bitari ibye, ahubwo ko ibimenyetso biri muri dosiye bigaragaza ko ariwe uri inyuma y’abantu bose bari bafite ibyo biyobyabwenge, ashaka kubipakira yifashishije abandi bantu babyita amakara, akemera gutanga amafara ibihumbi makumyabiri na bitanu (25.000 Frw) yo gupakira imifunga icumi (10) gusa y’amakara. Uko Urukiko rubibona [34] Ingingo ya 108 y’Itegeko N° 027/2019 ryo ku wa 19/09/2019 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha, ivuga ko: “Ibimenyetso bishobora gushingira ku mpamvu zose z’ibyabaye n’ibyemejwe n’amategeko, ababuranyi bapfa kuba barabigiyeho impaka. Urukiko ruhamya ku buryo butavuguruzwa ko ibimenyetso byose bishinja cyangwa bishinjura ari byo kandi bishobora kwemerwa”. [35] Dosiye y’uru rubanza igaragaza inyandikomvugo y’ibazwa rya Jean Pierre Majaribu imbere y’Ubugenzacyaha ku wa 26/09/2022, wemeza ko ubwo yarimo guhinga munsi y’aho bashatse gupakirira urumogi, yabonye abantu bari guhinga imbere ye birukanka nawe arabakurikira, asanga umushoferi amaze gusatura umufuka wa mbere w’amakara asanga harimo undi mufuka urimo urumogi, bajya kureba muyindi mifuka y’amakara yari isigaye mu nzu basanga nayo ariko bimeze. Ku kibazo cya 2, yabajijwe nyiri urwo rumogi, avuga ko ari rw’abari bacumbitse muri iyo nzu n’abazanye n’abashoferi kuko bahise biruka umwe muribo witwa Hakizimana Jean Claude arafatwa arimo kwiruka. [36] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga imvugo ya Jean Pierre Majaribu imaze kugaragaza mu gika kibanziriza iki, itavuguruza ibimenyetso byagaragajwe mu gika cya 21 -26 cy’uru rubanza bigizwe n’imvugo za Fatisuka Laurent, Hakizimana Jean Claude alias Gasongo na Zigama Joseph alias Tiwayi bahamya ko Komezusenge Evariste ariwe wabasabye gushaka imodoka yo gupakira

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urumogi arwita ko ari amakara, aho imodoka ibonekeye agasaba Fatisuka Laurent kujyana nayo kujya gupakira, akanamuha nomero za telefone z’umuntu aribugende ahamagara akabarangira aho umuzigo bawusanga. Dore ko icyo Jean Pierre Majaribu yashingiyeho avuga ko urumogi ari urw’abari bacumbitse munzu n’abazanye na shoferi, nta bundi bumenyi yari abifiteho uretse kuba yarabishingiye gusa ku kuba ngo barabonye bimenyekanye ko ari urumogi bakiruka, ariko kandi Urukiko rurasanga ibyo ubwabyo bidahagije ngo hemezwe ko urumogi atari urw’uwashatse imodoka yo kurutwara akagira amakenga akanga kujya kurupakira ahubwo agatumayo undi muntu ariwe Fatisuka Laurent. [37] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga kandi kuvuga ko Komezusenge Evaritse atigeze aboneka aho urumogi rwafatiwe, ibyo bitafatwa nk’ikimenyetso kimushinjura, ahubwo ni amayeri akomeye yakoresheje ashaka uburyo bwose yakoresha ntihagire upfa kumenya ko afitanye isano n’urwo rumogi, ashakisha abandi bantu bashaka imodoka yo kurutwara n’abajyana nayo kugira ngo nibiramuka bitahuwe ko umuzigo yashakiraga imodoka yo kuwupakira ari urumogi, ataza gufatwa, ariko biba iby’ubusaba aranafatwa. [38] Ku bijyanye no gusaba ko abantu bari babitse imifuka y’amakara yasanzwemo urumogi bashakishwa bakabazwa, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rushingiye ku byemejwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga mu rubanza RPA 0101/09/CS rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 09/03/2012, ko Urukiko rudategetswe byanze bikunze gukora iperereza cyangwa se kubaza abatangabuhamya buri gihe cyose uko umuburanyi abisabye mu gihe rwumvwa rwanyuzwe n’ibimenyetso rwashyikirijwe kandi n’ababuranyi bahawe umwanya uhagije wo kubyisobanuraho2, rusanga atari ngombwa ko bahamagazwe kuko ibimenyetso biri muri dosiye bihagije. [39] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rushingiye ku bisobanuro byose bimaze gutangwa kuri iyi ngingo y’ubujurire, rurasanga ibimenyetso Komezusenge Evariste avuga ko byirengagijwe nyamara bimushinjura, bitarirengajwe nk’uko abivuga ahubwo bitavuruza ibyashingiweho mukumuhamya icyaha byakomeje kugaragazwa haruguru, bityo ubujurire bwe kuri iyi ngingo bukaba nta shingiro bufite. c. Ibyerekeye kumenya niba Komezusenge Evariste yagabanyirizwa igihano [40] Me Ilimubuhanga Jean de Dieu avuga ko Urukiko rubibonye ukundi rwagabanyiriza igihano Komezusenge Evariste kugeza ku gifungo cy’imyaka icumi (10) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni imwe n’ibihumbi ijana na mirongo itanu (1.250,000 Frw) hashingiwe ku murongo watanzwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire mu rubanza RPAA 00039/2021/CA rwaciwe ku wa 02/07/2021 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Shakabatenda Jean de Dieu, uvuga ko nta cyabuza Urukiko rwajuririwe kongera kugabanya igihano mu gihe rusanga icyatanzwe n’Urukiko rubanza kitaragabanyijwe mu buryo buhagije ubirebeye hamwe n’uburemere bw’icyaha cyakozwe. [41] Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko Komezusenge Evariste yakabaye yarahanishijwe igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni mirongo itatu (30.000.000 Frw) ku cyaha kimuhama cyo gutunda ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, ariko ko Urukiko mu bushishozi bwarwo rwamugabanyirije igihano ahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’irindwi (17) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000 Frw), ko icyo gihano gikwiriye

2 Reba igika cya 9 cy’urubanza N° RPA 0101/09/CS rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 09/03/2012, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na NZAJYIBWAMI Emmanuel alias Kadogo.

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kikaba kitakongera kugabanywa, cyane cyane ko nta musanzu Komezusenge Evariste azanye wo korohereza ubutabera, yemera icyaha ngo nabyo bibe byashingirwaho. Uko Urukiko rubibona [42] Mu rubanza RPA 0129/10/CS rwaciwe ku wa 7/03/2014, Ubushinjacyaha buburana na Mpitabakana, Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwemeje ko “Uregwa atongera kugabanyirizwa ibihano, iyo mu bujurire Urukiko rusanga yarabigabanyirijwe bihagije, harebwe uburemere bw’icyaha n’uburyo icyaha cyakozwemo”. Uyu murongo wakomejwe gukurikizwa mu manza nyinshi zaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire kugeza na n’ubu3. [43] Imikirize y’urubanza rujuririrwa igaragaza ko, Komezusenge Evariste yahamijwe icyaha cyo kubika no gutunda ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, ahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’irindi (17) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000 Frw). [44] Urukiko rw’ubujurire rurasanga harebwe amayeri akomeye Komezusenge Evariste yakoresheje mu ikorwa ry’icyaha, aho yafashe imifuka y’amakara mo imbere gashyiramo urumogi, yarangiza akajya agenda akoresha abandi bantu kugira ngo bitaza kumenyeka ko urumogi ari urwe, uretse ko byabaye iby’ubusa bikarangira bimenyekanye, hakarebwa ubwinshi bw’ibiyobyabwenge yabitse yari agiye gutunda (247kgs), kugeza ubu akaba adashaka kwemera icyaha, ku cyicuza no kugisabira imbabazi; Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga igihano yahawe cyaragabanyijwe bihagije kikaba kitakongera kugabanywa. [45] Hashingiwe ku bisobanuro byose byatanzwe muri uru rubanza, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga ubujurire bwa Komezusenge Evariste nta shingiro bufite, urubanza yarujuririye rukaba rugumyeho mu ngingo zarwo zose.

III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [46] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwatanzwe na Komezusenge Evaritse nta shingiro bufite; [47] Rwemeje ko urubanza RPA 00005/2024/HC/RSZ rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rusizi ku wa 26/11/2024, rudahindutse; [48] Rwemeje ko igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’irindwi (17) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000 Frw) Komezusenge Evariste yahanishijwe muri urwo rubanza kigumyeho. [49] Rutegetse ko Komezusenge Evariste asonewe gutanga amagarama y’urubanza kuko aburana afunze.

3 Reba urubanza N° RPAA 00330/2024/CA, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 24/01/2025 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na NYABYENDA Evariste (igika cya 22), urubanza N° RPAA 00437/2023/CA, rwaciwe ku wa 19/03/2025 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na MUKAGATARE Annonciatha (igika cya 34) n’izindi