UBUSHINJACYAHA v. NIWEMUGENI

# UBUSHINJACYAHA v. NIWEMUGENI

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2025-05-27 - Case/document no.: RPAA 00410/2023/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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UBUSHINJACYAHA v. NIWEMUGENI [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RPAA 00410/2023/CA (Rutazana, P.J.,) 27 Gicurasi 2025] Amategeko agenga ibya n’ibihano – Ubusembure – Ubusembure bwumvikana nk’impamvu ngabanyagihano igizwe no kuba uwakoze icyaha yarabitewe n’uko yari yabanje gukorerwa igikorwa kimubabaza gikomeye kandi kimurenganya. Habaho ubusembure igihe hari ibikorwa ukurikiranyweho icyaha yakorewe n’uwakorewe icyaha (victime), bituma ako kanya amukorera icyaha aregwa. Ni ishingano y’uregwa uburanisha ubusembure kubuzamura no ku butangira ibimenyetso, umucamanza akaba afite ishingano yo kubusuzuma mu gihe abisabwa n’uregwa mu buryo bweruye kandi bwumvikana. Amategeko agenga ibya n’ibihano – Kugabanyirizwa ibihano – Uregwa ntiyongera kugabanyirizwa ibihano, iyo mu bujurire Urukiko rusanga yarabigabanyirijwe bihagije, harebwe uburemere bw’icyaha n’uburyo icyaha cyakozwemo. Incamake y’ikibazo: Niwemugeni Hilarie yatabaje abantu avuga ko asanze umugabo we witwa Munyaneza Régis yishwe n’abantu batazwi, abatabaye bahageze basanga koko umurambo we uri ku buriri kandi bigaragara ko yishwe atemwe, hakekwa ko Niwemugeni Hilarie ari we wamwishe kuko bari basanzwe bafitanye amakimbirane akomeye ashingiye ku mitungo, ahita afatwa ashyikirizwa inzego z’iperereza. Iperereza rirangiye, Ubushinjacyaha bwareze Niwemugeni Hilarie mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gicumbi bumukurikiranyeho icyaha cy’ubwicanyi cyakorewe umugabo we, busaba ko kimuhama agahanishwa igifungo cya burundu. Niwemugeni Hilarie yaburanye yemera icyaha ariko asobanura ko yamutemesheje umupanga mu mutwe ubwo barimo barwana. Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gicumbi rwemeje ko Niwemugeni Hilarie ahamwa n’icyaha cy’ubwicanyi rushingiye ku kwemera icyaha kwe hamwe n’ibindi bimenyetso, maze rwemeza kandi ko kuba yemera icyaha byamubera impamvu nyoroshyacyaha yashingirwaho agabanyirizwa igihano, bityo rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 25. Niwemugeni Hilarie yajuririye Urukiko Rukuru avuga yakoze icyaha abitewe n’imirwano yagiranye n’umugabo we wabanje kumutera icyuma ku gitsina, nawe akamutemesha umuhoro yitabara, ariko ko atari azi aho umuhoro uri bufate; bityo ko asaba kongera kugabanyirizwa igihano kuko yemeye icyaha aho yabajijwe hose akaba ataragoranye. Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha yaburanye avuga ko uregwa yagabanyirijwe igihano mu buryo buhagije. Urukiko Rukuru, rwasanze impamvu y’ubujurire igamije kugaragaza ko Niwemugeni Hilarie yishe umugabo we biturutse ku busembure nta shingiro ifite kuko nta bimenyetso abitangira; maze rwemeza ko urubanza rwajuririwe rudahindutse. Niwemugeni Hilarie yongeye kujurira mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, avuga ko yakoze icyaha biturutse ku busembure kuko atari yabiteguye, ahubwo umugabo we ari we wabanje kumukubita fer à béton ku gitsina bigatuma nawe amutema; asaba kandi kugabanyirizwa igihano kuko yemeye icyaha akanagisabira imbabazi kuva agifatwa kandi akaba nta kindi cyaha yigeze akurikiranwaho.

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Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko nta busembure bwabayeho kuko Niwemugeni Hilarie yishe umugabo we yabigambiriye ubwo yahengeraga asinziriye akamutema, bityo ko igihano yahanishijwe kikaba kidakwiriye kugabanywa hashingiwe ku uburemere bw’icyaha ashinjwa, uburyo cyakozwemo n’ingaruka cyateje. Incamake y’icyemezo: 1.Ubusembure bwumvikana nk’impamvu ngabanyagihano igizwe no kuba uwakoze icyaha yarabitewe n’uko yari yabanje gukorerwa igikorwa kimubabaza gikomeye kandi kimurenganya. Habaho ubusembure igihe hari ibikorwa ukurikiranyweho icyaha yakorewe n’uwakorewe icyaha (victime), bituma ako kanya amukorera icyaha aregwa. Ni ishingano y’uregwa uburanisha ubusembure kubuzamura no ku butangira ibimenyetso, umucamanza akaba afite ishingano yo kubusuzuma mu gihe abisabwa n’uregwa mu buryo bweruye kandi bwumvikana. 2. Uregwa ntiyongera kugabanyirizwa ibihano, iyo mu bujurire Urukiko rusanga yarabigabanyirijwe bihagije, harebwe uburemere bw’icyaha n’uburyo icyaha cyakozwemo. Ubujurire nta shingiro. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano, ingingo ya 56. Imanza zifashishijwe: Urubanza RPAA038/15/CS rw’Ubushinjacyaha na Sezikeye, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga, ku wa 15/09/2017; Urubanza RPAA 00522/2024/CA rw’Ubushinjacyaha na Nzirorera; rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire, ku wa 25/02/2025; Urubanza RPAA 00829/2024/CA rw’Ubushinjacyaha na Ngiruwonsanga, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 28/03/2025; Urubanza RPA 0129/10/CS, rw’Ubushinjacyaha na Mpitabakana, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 7/03/2014; Urubanza RPAA 00822/2024/CA rw’Ubushinjacyaha na Nyandwi; rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 21/03/2025; Urubanza RPAA 00170/2024/CA rw’Ubushinjacyaha na Karangwa, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 24/03/2025. Urubanza I.IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Ku wa 20/01/2020 mu Mudugudu wa Mutara, Akagari ka Kabuga, Umurenge wa Manyagiro, Akarere ka Gicumbi mu Ntara y’Amajyaruguru, Niwemugeni Hilarie yatabaje abantu avuga ko asanze umugabo we witwa Munyaneza Régis yishwe n’abantu batazwi, abatabaye bahageze basanga koko umurambo we uri ku buriri kandi bigaragara ko yishwe atemwe, hakekwa ko Niwemugeni Hilarie ari we wamwishe kuko bari basanzwe bafitanye amakimbirane akomeye ashingiye ku mitungo, ahita afatwa ashyikirizwa inzego z’iperereza.

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[2] Iperereza rirangiye, Ubushinjacyaha bwareze Niwemugeni Hilarie mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gicumbi bumukurikiranyeho icyaha cy’ubwicanyi cyakorewe umugabo we, busaba ko kimuhama agahanishwa igifungo cya burundu. Niwemugeni Hilarie yaburanye yemera icyaha ariko asobanura ko yamutemesheje umupanga mu mutwe ubwo barimo barwana. [3] Mu rubanza RP 00072/2020/TGI/GIC rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gicumbi ku wa 13/02/2020 rwemeje ko Niwemugeni Hilarie ahamwa n’icyaha cy’ubwicanyi rushingiye ku kwemera icyaha kwe, imvugo z’abatangabuhamya bemeza ko basanze umugabo we yatemwe umurambo we uri ku buriri kandi ko Niwemugeni Hilarie yari yasize ubwe yikingiye inzu, kuba imyenda ye yarasanzweho amaraso, kuba harabonetse umuhoro yakoresheje amwica akaba yari yawuhishe mu musarane, ifoto ya nyakwingendera ari ku buriri yamaze kwicwa, na Raporo ya muganga (autopsie) yemeza ko nyakwigendera yishwe n’intwaro ikata. Urukiko kandi rwasanze kuba Niwemugeni Hilarie yemera icyaha byamubera impamvu nyoroshyacyaha yashingirwaho agabanyirizwa igihano, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 25. [4] Niwemugeni Hilarie yajuririye Urukiko Rukuru avuga yakoze icyaha abitewe n’imirwano yagiranye n’umugabo we wabanje kumutera icyuma ku gitsina nawe akamutemesha umuhoro yitabara, ariko ko atari azi aho umuhoro uri bufate; yasabye kandi kugabanyirizwa igihano kuko yemeye icyaha aho yabajijwe hose akaba ataragoranye. Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha yaburanye avuga ko Niwemugeni Hilarie yagabanyirijwe igihano mu buryo buhagije. [5] Mu rubanza RPA 00445/2020/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 15/06/2023, rwasanze impamvu y’ubujurire igamije kugaragaza ko Niwemugeni Hilarie yishe umugabo we biturutse ku busembure nta shingiro ifite kuko nta bimenyetso atanga byemeza ko umugabo we ari we wabanje kumutera icyuma ku gitsina nawe akamutemesha umuhoro yitabara; rwemeza ko urubanza rwajuririwe rudahindutse. [6] Niwemugeni Hilarie yongeye kujurira mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, urubanza ruhabwa RPAA 00410/2023/CA, ruburanishwa mu ruhame ku wa 08/05/2025 Niwemugeni Hilarie yunganiwe na Me Mfurankunda Epiphanie naho Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na Sibomana Stanislas, Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’Igihugu. [7] Mu bujurire bwe Niwemugeni Hilarie avuga ko yakoze icyaha biturutse ku busembure kuko atari yabiteguye, ahubwo umugabo we ari we wabanje kumukubita fer à béton ku gitsina bigatuma nawe amutema; asaba kandi kugabanyirizwa igihano kuko yemeye icyaha akanagisabira imbabazi kuva agifatwa kandi akaba nta kindi cyaha yigeze akurikiranwaho. [8] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko nta busembure bwabayeho kuko Niwemugeni Hilarie yishe umugabo we yabigambiriye ubwo yahengeraga asinziriye akamutema, kandi igihano yahanishijwe kikaba kidakwiriye kugabanywa hashingiwe ku uburemere bw’icyaha ashinjwa, uburyo cyakozwemo n’ingaruka cyateje. [9] Urukiko ruhereye ku mpaka zagaragajwe haruguru, rurasuzuma ibibazo bikurikira bigize urubanza: ➢ Kumenya niba Niwemugeni Hilarie yarishe umugabo we biturutse ku busembure; ➢ Kumenya niba Niwemugeni Hilarie ashobora kugabanyirizwa igihano.

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II. ISESENGURA RY’IBIBAZO BIGIZE URUBANZA

1.Kumenya niba Niwemugeni Hilarie yarishe umugabo we biturutse ku busembure

[10] Niwemugeni Hilarie n’umwunganira bavuga ko nta mugambi wo kwica umugabo we yari yateguye, ko ahubwo yakoze icyaha biturutse ku myitwarire ya nyakwigendera wabanje kumukubita fer à béton ku gitsina bigatuma nawe amutema mu rwego rwo kwitabara; bagasaba Urukiko kumugenera igihano hashingiwe ku biteganywa mu ngingo ya 571 y’Itegeko N 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange nk’uko ryahinduwe kugeza ubu. 1 Iyo ngingo igira iti: “Iyo umucamanza yemeye impamvu zishingiye ku busemburwe bw’uwakoze icyaha, ibihano bigabanywa mu buryo bukurikira: 1o Ku cyaha cy’ubugome gihanishwa igifungo cya burundu, igihano kiragabanywa kikaba igifungo kitari munsi y’imyaka ibiri (2) ariko kitarenze imyaka itanu (5) …..” . [11] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko nta busembure bwabayeho ahubwo Niwemugeni Hilarie yishe umugabo we abigambiriye, biturutse ku makimbirane bari basanganywe nk’uko Niwemugeni Hilarie yabisobanuye mu Bugenzacyaha bikanashimangirwa n’abatangabuhamya bemeje ko aba bombi bari basanganywe amakimbirane akomeye akomoka ku mitungo, ko Niwemugeni Hilarie yari yarabwiye abantu ko atazongera kubyarana n’umugabo we ngo kuko atazi aho ajyana umutungo w’urugo, ko no mu ijoro ryo ku wa 19/01/2020 bari batonganye bapfa ikimasa umugabo we yari yagurishije. [12] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha akomeza asobanura ko hashingiwe ku biri muri dosiye, ibikorwa byo gukubita Niwemugeni Hilarie byabaye mu mwaka wa 2018, bikaba rero bitafatwa nk’ubusembure ku cyaha cyakozwe nyuma y’imyaka ibiri. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [13] Impaka kuri iyi ngingo zishingiye ku kumenya niba hari imyitwarire umugabo wa Niwemugeni Hilarie yagize yafatwa nk’iyamusembuye bigatuma amwica. [14] Ingingo ya 56 y’Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange nk’uko ryahinduwe kugeza ubu igira iti: “Igihe habaye ubusembure, umucamanza agaragaza mu cyemezo cy’urukiko ingingo zerekana ko imyitwarire y’uwakorewe icyaha ari yo yatumye icyo cyaha gikorwa”. [15] Ikibazo cyo kumenya igihe imyitwarire y’uwakorewe icyaha ifatwa nk’ubusembure no kumenya ufite inshingano zo kubugaragaza cyatanzweho umurongo n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga mu rubanza RPAA038/15/CS rwaciwe ku wa 15/09/2017 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Sezikeye Emmanuel (igika cya 21) uvuga ko “Ubusembure bwumvikana nk’impamvu ngabanyagihano igizwe no kuba uwakoze icyaha yarabitewe n’uko yari yabanje gukorerwa igikorwa kimubabaza gikomeye kandi kimurenganya. Habaho ubusembure igihe hari ibikorwa ukurikiranyweho icyaha yakorewe n’uwakorewe icyaha (victime), bituma ako kanya amukorera icyaha aregwa. Ni ishingano y’uregwa uburanisha ubusembure kubuzamura no ku butangira ibimenyetso, umucamanza akaba afite ishingano yo kubusuzuma mu gihe abisabwa n’uregwa mu buryo

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bweruye kandi bwumvikana.” Uyu murongo kandi wakomeje gukurikizwa no mu zindi manza zaciwe n’uru Rukiko, mu ziheruka gucibwa harimo nk’urubanza RPAA 00522/2024/CA rwaciwe ku wa 25/02/2025 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Nzirorera Damien (igika cya 28) n’urubanza Nº RPAA 00829/2024/CA rwaciwe ku wa 28/03/2025 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Ngiruwonsanga Emmanuel (igika cya 26). [16] Ku birebana n’uru rubanza, Urukiko rurasanga ubwo Niwemugeni Hilarie yabazwaga mu Bugenzacyaha ubwe yarasobanuye ko umugabo we yatashye yasinze, amaze kuryama ahengera asa n’usinziriye akamukubita umuhoro mu mutwe inshuro eshatu aramwica, biturutse ku makimbirane bagiranaga ashingiye ku mitungo; akaba rero nta gikorwa agaragaza umugabo we yamukoreye ako kanya cyamubabaje, gikomeye kandi kimurenganya cyatumye nawe amwica, kuko n’ibyo avuga ko yabanje kumukubita fer à béton, uretse no kuba nta kigaragariza Urukiko ko yigeze ayimukubita koko, nta n’icyo rwaheraho rwemeza ko byaba byarabayeho icyo gihe bigatuma nawe ako kanya amwica ku buryo byafatwa nk’impamvu y’ubusembure mu buryo bwasobanuwe n’umurongo wagaragajwe mu gika cya 14 cy’uru rubanza; hashingiwe kuri ibyo bisobanuro, uru Rukiko narwo rurasanga nta busembure bwabayeho.

2.Kumenya niba Niwemugeni Hilarie ashobora kugabanyirizwa igihano

[17] Niwemugeni Hilarie n’umwunganira basaba Urukiko kumugabanyiriza igihano kuko ari ubwa mbere akurikiranweho icyaha mu buryo buzwi kandi akaba atarigeze arushya ubutabera kuko yemeye icyaha akanagisabira imbaabzi kuva agifatwa. [18] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko Niwemugeni Hilarie yagabanyirijwe igihano mu buryo buhagije kandi bukurikije amategeko harebwe uburemere bw’icyaha yakoze, uburyo cyakozwemo n’ingaruka cyateye, kuko yambuye ubuzima umugabo we hanyuma akagerageza no guhisha icyaha ubwo yakingiranaga umurambo mu nzu akigira mu mirimo isanzwe ndetse agahisha umuhoro yamwicishije, aho agarukiye akavuga ko asanze abantu bamwishe; hashingiwe kuri izo mpamvu igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 25 yahanishijwe kikaba kidakwiriye kugabanywa. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [19] Impaka kuri iyi ngingo zishingiye ku kumenya niba igihano Niwemugeni Hilarie yahanishijwe gikwiriye kugabanywa. [20] Mu rubanza RPA 0129/10/CS rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 7/03/2014, Ubushinjacyaha buburana na Mpitabakana (Icyegeranyo cy’ibyemezo by’inkiko, V. 2, Ukwakira 2014. p.127), Urukiko rwasobanuye ko “Uregwa atongera kugabanyirizwa ibihano, iyo mu bujurire Urukiko rusanga yarabigabanyirijwe bihagije, harebwe uburemere bw’icyaha n’uburyo icyaha cyakozwemo.” Uwo murongo kandi wakomeje gukurikizwa no mu zindi manza zaciwe n’uru Rukiko, mu ziheruka gucibwa harimo nk’urubanza RPAA 00822/2024/CA rwaciwe ku wa 21/03/2025 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Nyandwi Noël (igika cya 22) n’Urubanza RPAA 00170/2024/CA rwaciwe ku wa 24/03/2025 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Karangwa Olivier (igika cya 22).

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[21] Ku birebana n’uru rubanza, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gicumbi rwasanze Niwemugeni Hilarie akwiye kugabanyirizwa igihano rushingiye ku kuba aburana yemera icyaha, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 25, Urukiko Rukuru narwo rwemeza ko icyo gihano aricyo gikwiye kugumaho. [22] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga icyaha Niwemugeni Hilarie yahamijwe ari icyaha kiremereye kuko yambuye ubuzima umugabo we, akaba kandi yaragikoranye ubugome amutemesha umuhoro mu mutwe inshuro eshatu ubwo yari asinziriye, hashingiwe ku murongo wagaragajwe haruguru (mu gika cya 19) igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 25 yahanishijwe kikaba kitagomba kugabanywa kuko gihuye n’uburemere bw’icyaha yakoze, ubugome yagikoranye n’ingaruka cyateye. [23] Hashingiwe ku bisobanuro byose byatanzwe, Urukiko rurasanga ubujurire bwa Niwemugeni Hilarie nta shingiro bufite, hakaba hagomba kugumaho imikirize y’urubanza yajuririye. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [24] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Niwemugeni Hilarie nta shingiro bufite. [25] Rwemeje ko urubanza RPA 00445/2020/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 15/06/2023 rudahindutse mu ngingo zarwo zose. [26] Rwemeje ko igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25) Niwemugeni Hilarie yahanishijwe kigumyeho. [27] Rutegetse ko Niwemugeni Hilarie asonewe amagarama y’urubanza kuko aburana afunze.