UBUSHINJACYAHA v NAZABIRINDA

# UBUSHINJACYAHA v NAZABIRINDA

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2025-05-28 - Case/document no.: RPAA 00876/2024/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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UBUSHINJACYAHA v NAZABIRINDA [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE - RPAA 00876/2024/CA (Rukundakuvuga, P.J.) 28 Gicurasi 2025] Amategeko agenga imanza z’inshinjabyaha – Ibihano – Igihano kiri munsi y’igiteganywa n’itegeko - Ntibishokoa gutanga igihano kiri munsi y’igihano gito gitegwanywa n’itegeko kuko byaba binyuranyije n’ímpamvu umushingamategeko yagennye ko mu kugabanya igihano, umucamanza adashobora kujya munsi ya ½ cy’ígihano gito. Incamake y’ikibazo: Uru rubanza rwatangiriye mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Ngoma Nzabirinda Jean Baptiste akurikiranyweho icyaha cyo gusambanya abana babiri (2) umwe w’imyaka 11 n’undi w’imyaka 8. Nzabirinda yaburanye yemera icyaha asobanura ko yagikoze abitewe n’ubusinzi. Urukiko rwasanze ahamwa n’icyo cyaha rumahanisha igifungo cya burundu. Uregwa ntiyanyuzwe n’icyo cyemezo akijuririra mu Rukiko Rukuru asaba kugabanyirizwa igihano, urukiko rushingiye ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka makumbyabiri (20). Nzabirinda nabwo yajuririye icyo cyemezo mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire asaba kongera kugabanyirizwa igihano. Urukiko rwasuzumye ikibazo cyo kumenya niba Nzabirinda Jean Baptiste ashobora kongera kugabanyirizwa igihano. Nzabirinda Jean Baptiste asaba kongera kugabanyirizwa igihano kugeza munsi y’igihano gito giteganywa n’itegeko hashingiwe ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha zinyuranye no ku mirongo y’imanza zagabanyije igihano kugeza munsi y’igihano gito giteganywa n’itegeko hashingiwe ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha zirimo kwemera icyaha, kuba ari ubwa mbere akurikiramwe mu butabera kandi akaba yari asanzwe yitwara neza. Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko ibyo Nzabirinda Jean Baptiste asaba bidashoboka kuko yagabanyirijwe bihagije kandi n’imanza ashingiraho nazo zitashingirwaho kuko zaciwe mbere y’itegeko rishya riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange. Incamake y’icyemezo: Ntibishokoa gutanga igihano kiri munsi y’igihano gito gitegwanywa n’itegeko kuko byaba binyuranyije n’ímpamvu umushingamategeko yagennye ko mu kugabanya igihano, umucamanza adashobora kujya munsi ya ½ cy’ígihano gito Ubujurire nta shingiro bufite. Nta mategeko yashingiweho Imanza zifashishijwe: RPAA 00418/2020/CA, Ubushinjacyaha na Nyarwenda Jean Pierre, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 22/03/2024. Urubanza

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I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA

[1] Ku itariki ya 26/03/2021 ahagana saa-kumi n’ebyiri z’umugoroba (18h00), umwana witwa U.A1yabwiye Nyirasenge Umutoni Chantal wahiraga ubwatsi ko ashaka umuti witwa umufumbegeti amubaza uwo awushakira kuko we atarajya mu mihango, umwana amubwira ko ari uwe kuko ababara cyane hahandi hepfo, akaba yarabanje kuzana ibintu by’amazi akababuka none akaba arimo kuzana amashyira kandi ababara cyane, niko kumubaza icyo yabaye abasubiza ko Nzabirinda Jean Baptiste (wari ufite imyaka 38 icyo gihe) yaje akamujya hejuru, ababwira ko yabimukoreye gatatu ndetse na murumuna we U.R2 akaba yarabimukoreye rimwe kandi nawe akaba yaratangiye kubabara. Bahise bareba umwana mu gitsina basanga yazanyemo amashyira koko, bahita babibwira Se Bahutiraho Jean de Dieu; bikekwa ko Nzabirinda Jean Baptiste ashobora kuba yarabasambanyije kuko yari amaze iminsi aza kurara iwabo kandi ise akamusigana n’abo bana mu rugo bonyine. Abana bajyanwe kwa mu ganga, Nzabirinda Jean Baptiste arafatwa arafungwa. [2] Iperereza rirangiye, Ubushinjacyaha bwamureze icyaha cyo gusambanya abana U.A w' imyaka 11 na U.R w' imyaka 08 mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Ngoma busaba ko yahamwa na cyo, agahanishwa igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu. Nzabirinda Jean Baptiste yaburanye yemera icyaha asaba imbabazi kuko icyaha yagitewe n’ubusinzi. [3] Mu rubanza No RP 00456/2021/TGI/NGOMA rwaciwe ku wa 20 GICURASI 2021, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Ngoma rwahamije Nzabirinda Jean Baptiste icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana utarageza ku myaka 14 y’amavuko, rumuhanisha igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu), rushingiye kuri ibi bikurikira: - Imvugo ze yemera icyaha agasobanura uburyo yagikozemo; - Imvugo z’abatangabuhamya barimo U.A wahohotewe, Uwanyirigira Chantal uri mu bamenye ikibazo bwa mbere na Bahutiraho se w’abana wasobanuye uko yajyaga acumbikira Nzabirinda Jean Baptiste, akaza kumusambanyiriza abana; - Raporo za muganga zigaragaza ko: UA afite ururenda mu gitsina na Raporo ya muganga ya U.R. igaraza ko na we afite ibisa n'amashyira biterwa no kuba yarasambanyijwe akaba afite infection; - Ibyemezo by’amavuko bigaragaza ko U.A yavutse muri 2010 akaba yarasambanyijwe afite imyaka 11, n’icya U.R kigaragaza ko yavutse 2013 akaba yarasambanyijwe afite imyaka 8; - Na Raporo y'inzego z’ibanze igaragaza ko Nzabirinda yemeye icyaha imbere yazo.

[4] Nzabirinda Jean Baptiste ntiyanyuzwe n’imikirize y’urubanza, ajuririra, Urukiko Rukuru/Urugereko rwa Rwamagana, asaba ko yagabanyirizwa igihano kuko yemeye icyaha ariko ahanishwa igihano kirekire kandi akaba ari n’ubwa mbere akurikiranywe mu butabera mu buryo buzwi.

1 Izina ryahawe umwana wahohotewe kubera umutekano we 2 Izina ryahawe umwana wahohotewe kubera umutekano we

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[5] Mu rubanza N° RPA 00788/2021/HC/RWG, rwaciwe ku wa 22/07/2024. Urukiko Rukuru/Urugereko rwa Rwamagana rushingiye ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha, uburemerere bw’icyaha cyakoze no ku biteganywa n’ingingo ya 143 ndetse n’iya 24 z’Itegeko nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, rwagabanyirije Nzabirinda Jean Baptiste igihano Rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri (20).

[6] Nzabirinda Jean Baptiste nabwo ntiyanyuzwe n’imikirize y’urubanza yongera kujuririra Urukiko rw’Ubujurire, urubanza rwe ruhabwa Nº RPAA 00876/2024/CA, iburanisha mu ruhame rishyirwa ku wa 12/Gicurasi/2025. Uwo munsi ugeze, Nzabirinda Jean Baptiste yitaba yunganiwe na Me Antonny Mukulu Nshimiye na Me Tuyishime Jean Pierre, Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na Bideri Diogene, Umushinjacyaha ku Rwego rw’Igihugu.

[7] Mu bujurire bwe Nzabirinda Jean Baptiste asaba kongera kugabanyirizwa igihano kugeza munsi y’igihano gito giteganywa n’itegeko hashingiwe ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha zinyuranye no ku mirongo y’imanza zagabanyije igihano kugeza munsi y’igihano gito giteganywa n’itegeko.

[8] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko ibyo Nzabirinda Jean Baptiste asaba bidashoboka kuko yagabanyirijwe bihagije kandi n’imanza ashingiraho nazo zitashingirwaho kuko zaciwe mbere y’itegeko rishya riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange.

[9] Muri uru rubanza harasuzumwa niba Nzabirinda Jean Baptiste, ashobora kongera kugabanyirizwa igihano.

II. ISESENGURA RY’IKIBAZO KIGIZE URUBANZA

Kumenya niba Nzabirinda Jean Baptiste ashobora kongera kugabanyirizwa igihano.

[10] Nzabirinda Jean Baptiste asaba kongera kugabanyirizwa igihano kugeza munsi y’igihano gito giteganywa n’itegeko hashingiwe ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha zirimo kwemera icyaha, kuba ari ubwa mbere akurikiramwe mu butabera kandi akaba yari asanzwe yitwara neza. Ubusabe bwe abushingira ku manza: RS/INCONST/SPEC 00003/2019/CS rwaciwe kuwa 04/12/2019 rwemeje

3 Ingingo ya 14 (3) y’Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, iteganya ko iyo gusambanya umwana byakorewe ku mwana uri munsi y’imyaka 14 igihano kiba igifungo cya burundu. 4 Ingingo ya 2 y’iryo tegeko yo iteganya ko iyo umucamanza yemeje impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, ashobora kugabanya igihano, cy’igifungo cya burundu ariko ntikijye munsi y’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15),

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ko igihano kirekire ataricyo kamara ngo uhanwa abe yakwikosora, ko akamaro k’igihano kadakwiye kureberwa ku buremere bw’icyaha gusa, haba hakwiye no kureba icyo kizamarira ugihawe…; urubanza RPAA 00550/2021/CA, rwaciwe kuwa 17/02/2023 rwa Habineza Frederic, rwemeje ko umucanaza atagomba kugira ikimuzitira mu kugabanya igihano kugeza no munsi y’igito giteganywa n’itegeko.

[11] Me Antonny Mukulu Nshimiye na Me Tuyishime Jean Pierre, bamwunganira, bavuga ko hashingiwe ku biteganywa n’itegeko rishya riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu gishobora kugabanywa ariko ntikijye munsi y’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15), ko kandi nta cyabuza Urukiko kongera kumugabanyiriza kuko nk’uko byatanzwemo umurongo mu manza zitandukanye buri mucamanza ku rwego urwo arirwo rwose, yemerewe gutanga igihano mu bushishozi bwe kijyanye n’uburemere bw’icyaha ndetse n’ingaruka zacyo. Basaba Urukiko kugabanyiriza uwo bunganiye igihano nk’uko byakozwe mu manza zitandukanye zagabanyije ibihano mu buryo bunyuranye; ziromo: - Urubanza RPAA 00389/2021/CA rwaciwe kuwa 16/09/2022 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Ndayizeye akurikiranyweho icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana w’imyaka 10, agabanyirizwa ibihano ahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka 15; - Urubanza RPAA 00410/2021/CA rwaciwe ku wa 28/10/2022 haburana ubushinjacyaha na Nsengimana aregwa gusambanya umwana w’imyaka 8, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwahanishije igifungo cy’imyaka 12; - Urubanza RPAA00114/2024/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire kuwa 19/12/2024 haburana ubushinjacyaha na Niyomugabo wasambanyije umwana w’imyaka 11, ahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka 16; - na RPAA 00389/2021/CA rwaciwe kuwa 16/09/2022 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Ndayizeye aregwa gusambanya umwana w’imyaka 10, Urukiko rw’Ubujirire rwahanishije igifungo cy’imyaka 15.

[12] Me Antonny Mukulu Nshimye na Me Tuyishime Jean Pierre bunganira Nzabirinda Jean Baptiste n’ubwo bavuga ko yagabanyirizwa kugeza munsi y’igihano gito giteganywa n’itegeko hashingiwe ku mirongo yagabanyije ibihano mbere y’uko itegeko rishya riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano rijyaho, nabo bavuga ko bemera ko iyo mirongo itakagombye gushingirwaho kuko nyine itegeko yari ishingiyeho ritakiriho, ko ariko babibonamo akarengane kuwo bunganira ndetse n’abandi barimo guhanwa ku bw’itegeko rishya hadashingiwe ku mirongo yariho mbere y’uko rijyaho, ko rero byakwitabwaho. Bavuga ko n’ubwo itegeko ritabibemerera, harebwa uburyo icyaha yakoze nta ngaruka cyateje ngo kuko nta penetration yabayeho. Bemera kandi ko n’imanza bashingiraho zaciwe ku bw’itegeko rishya zidahuye n’urw’uwo bunganira kuko abakoze ibyaha muri izo manza bo bari bakiri bato ndetse hafi kungana n’abo babikoreye naho uwo bunganira we akaba ari mukuru cyane kuribo. Ku bw’ibyo bagasaba ko nibura we yahabwa igihano gito giteganywa n’itegeko cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 15 kuko aruta cyane abo yakoreye icyaha. [13] Uhagararaiye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko Nzabirinda Jean Baptiste adakwiye kongera kugabanyirizwa igihano kuko byakozwe kandi ku buryo bufatika kandi akaba atagaragaza ko urukiko rubanza rwaba rwarakoresheje nabi itegeko. Avuga ko uko kutongera kugabanyirizwa

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ibihano kandi, mu gihe mu rukiko rubanza umuntu yagabanyirijwe bihagije, hanarebwe uburemere bw’icyaha n’uburyo icyaha cyakozwemo, byatanzweho umurongo mu rubanza RPA 0129/10/CS rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga, ku wa 07/03/2014, Ubushinjacyaha buburana na Mpitabakana. [14] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko ibyo kutagabanya igihano kugeza munsi y’igihano gito giteganywa n’itegeko byatanzweho umurongo mu rubanza RPAA 00367/2020/CA rwaciwe kuwa 22/12/2023 ubushinjacyaha buburana na Twagirumukiza Innocent Réponse, aho mu gika cya 19, rwasobanuye ko ibirebana no kugabanya ibihano hashingiwe ku murongo wagiyeho mbere y’itegeko ririho, udashobora gukurikizwa mu gihe itegeko wari ushingiyeho ritagikoreshwa (cyangwa ryahinduwe). Avuga ko nta murongo n’umwe bashingiyeho bagaragaza ko igihano yahawe gishobora kugabanywa nk’uko cyagabanyijwe mu zindi manza, kuko izo batanze zidahuye n’uru rubanza. Asoza asaba ko igihano Nzabirinda Jean Baptiste yahanishwa cyagumaho hakemezwa ko ubujurire bwe nta shingiro bufite.

UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA

[15] Muri uru rubanza impaka zishingiye ku kumenya niba Nzabirinda Jean Baptiste ashobora kongera kugabanyirizwa igihano. [16] Nzabirinda Jean Baptiste yahamijwe icyaha cyo gusambanya abana 2 bava inda imwe, umwe w’imyaka 8 n’undi w’imyaka 11 y’amavuko, akaba yarakoze icyo cyaha we afite imyaka mirongo itatu n’umunani (38). Uru Rukiko rurasanga imanza we n’abunganizi be bashingiraho basaba ko yakongera kugabanyirizwa ibihano kugera ku gihano gito gishoboka zidahuye n’urwe kuko abaziregwagamo batakoze icyaha mu buryo busa n’ubwa Nzabirinda Jean Baptiste. Itandukaniro riri mu kigero cy’ubukure abaziregwamo bari barimo igihe bakoraga icyaha cyangwa se icyo abasambanyijwe bari barimo; hakiyongera ho ko muri izo manza abaregwaga bose bari bakurikiranyweho gusambanya umwana umwe, mu gihe we aregwa gusambanya abana babiri bava inda imwe. [17] Naho ibyo basaba ko uru Rukiko rwatanga igihano kiri munsi y’igihano gito giteganywa n’ítegeko, bityo rugahindura umurongo wafashwe mu manza zitandukanye zirimo urubanza RPAA 00367/2020/CA rwaciwe kuwa 22/12/2023 ubushinjacyaha buburana na Twagirumukiza Innocent Réponse rwavuzwe haruguru, uru Rukiko rusanga ibyo bidashoboka kuko byaba binyuranyije n’ímpamvu umushingamategeko yagennye ko mu kugabanya igihano, umucamanza adashobora kujya munsi ya ½ cy’ígihano gito cyane cyane ko iri vugurura ryaje rije gukumira igabanya ritagira aho rigarukira. [18] Mu zindi manza zaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire, abakoze icyaha bafite hejuru y’imyaka mirongo itatu (30), bagasambanya abana bari mu kigero cy’imyaka iri hagati ya 8-13 bagiye bahanishwa nibura igihano cy’igifungo kiri hagati y’imyaka 21-22. Urugero ni nk’urubanza Nº RPAA 00418/2020/CA rwaciwe ku wa 22/03/2024, Ubushinjacyaha buburana na Nyarwenda Jean Pierre, wakoze icyaha afite imyaka 42., urukiko rushingiye ku mpamvu nyoroshya cyaha rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 22 aho kuba igifungo cya burundu yahanishijwe n’inkiko zibanza ku cyaha cyo gusambanya umwana w’imyaka 13.

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[19] Dusanga hakurikijwe ibimanze gusobanurwa mu bika bibanziriza iki, igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 20 Nzabirinda Jean Baptiste yahanishijwe n’Urukiko Rukuru urugereko rwa Rwamagana kidashobora kugabanywa kuko kiri munsi y’icyo uru Rukiko rwagiye ruha abakoze icyaha mu buryo bumwe n’ubwe ariko kandi ntigishobora no kongerwa kuko Ubushinjacyaha butakijuriye, bityo akaba agomba gukomeza guhanishwa icyo gihano.

III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO

[20] Rwemeje ko Ubujurire bwa Nzabirinda Jean Baptiste nta shingiro bufite; [21] Rwemeje ko imikirize y’urubanza RPA 00788/2021/HC/RWG, rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru/Urugereko rwa Rwamagana ku wa 19/07/2024, idahindutse; [22] Rwemeje ko igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri (20), Nzabirinda Jean Baptiste yahanishijwe n’Urukiko Rukuru/Urugereko rwa Rwamagana, kigumyeho; [23] Rutegetse ko Nzabirinda Jean Baptiste asonewe gutanga amagarama y’urubanza kuko aburana afunze.