UBUSHINJACYAHA v. NSABIMANA

# UBUSHINJACYAHA v. NSABIMANA

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2025-07-18 - Case/document no.: RPAA01356/2024/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

## Text

## Page 1

UBUSHINJACYAHA v. NSABIMANA [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RPAA01356/2024/CA (Kaliwabo, P.J.) 18 Nyakanga 2025] Amategeko agenga imanza nshinjabyaha – Igabanyagihano – Mu gihe hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha ku muntu wagombaga guhanishwa igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu, umucamanza ashobora kumugabanyiriza, ariko igihano ntikijye munsi y’igifungo cy’imyaka 15, n’ihazabu ikagabanywa kugeza kuri ¼ cy’ihazabu ntoya iteganyirizwa icyaha ashinjwa. Incamake y’ikibazo: Nsabimana yarezwe mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Muhanga, Ubushinjacyaha bumukurikiranyeho icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, busaba ko ahanishwa igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu ya 25.000.000Frw, ariko we aburana asaba kurenganurwa kuko yafashwe akurikiranweho icyaha cy’ubujura ageze mu bushinjacyaha barabihindura akurikiranwaho icyo cyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge. Uukiko rwaciye urubanza, rushingiye ku bimenyetso bitandukanye rwemeza ko ahamwa n’icyaha cyo kubika ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 30 n’ihazabu ya 20.000.000Frw. Uregwa yajuririye mu Rukiko Rukuru, urugereko rwa Nyanza, asaba kugabanyirizwa ibihano kuko yemera icyaha, ariko nyuma yaje gusaba ko inyito y’icyaha yahinduka agahanirwa icyaha cyo gufatanwa urumogi. Ubushinjacyaha bwasubije ubwo bujurire, buvuga ko ubwo guhindura inyito y’icyaha nta shingiro bufite, ariko ko yagabanyirizwa ibihano hashingiwe uko amategeko abiteganya. Urukiko Rukuru rwasuzumye ubujurire bw’Uregwa busanga nta kosa ryakozwe mu rubanza rujuririrwa mukumuhamya icyaha cyo kubika ibiyobyabwenge by’urumogi, ariko mu kumuhana rwamugabanyirije igihano rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu ya 5.000.000Frw, n’ubwo we atabyishimiye akabijuririra muri uru Rukiko rw’Ubujurire. Uregwa yajuriye atakambira uru Rukiko kugira ngo rwongere rumugabanyirize igihano ku buryo buhagije, ngo kuko yemera icyaha ashinjwa, maze agahanishwa igifungo kiri munsi y’icyo yahanishijwe cyangwa agahanishwa igihano cy’imirimo ifitiye igihugu akamaro. Avuga ko yarangije kugororoka bihagije no kuba mu Igororrero afungiyemo yarigishijwe imyuga irenga 3 izamufasha gufatanya n’abandi kubaka igihugu aho kwishora mu biyobyabwenge. Muri uru rubanza, Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko Ushinjwa yagabanyirijwe ibihano ku buryo buhagije, ko ibyo asaba yarangije kubihabwa, bityo ko ubujurire bwe nta shingiro bufite. Incamake y’icyemezo: Mu gihe hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha ku muntu wagombaga guhanishwa igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu, umucamanza ashobora kumugabanyiriza, ariko igihano ntikijye munsi y’igifungo cy’imyaka 15, n’ihazabu ikagabanywa kugeza kuri ¼ cy’ihazabu ntoya iteganyirizwa icyaha ashinjwa. Bityo, ibihano Nsabimana yahanishijwe ntibishobora kugabanywa biruseho, kuko aribyo bihano bito bishoboka ku cyaha yahamijwe cyo kubika ibiyobyabwenge by’urumogi. Ubujurire nta shingiro bufite. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 4/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ingingo ya 2. Itegeko N° 69/2019 ryo kuwa 08/11/2019 rihindura Itegeko N° 68/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ingingo ya 11.

## Page 2

Itegeko n° 027/2019 ryo ku wa 19/09/2019 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha nk’uko ryahinduwe kugeza ubu, ingingo ya 183. Imanza zifashishijwe: RPA0129/10/CS, Ubushinjacyaha na Mpitabakana rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 7/03/2014. RPAA00194/2021/CA, Ubushinjacyaha na Ndayishimiye Emmanuel rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire kuwa 22/07/2022. ICTR-9604, Ubushinjacyaha n’Akayesu Jean Paul rwaciwe n’Urukiko Mpanabyabyaha Mpuzamahanga Rwashyiriweho u Rwanda (ICTR), Urugereko rw’Ubujurire, ku wa 1 Kamena 2001. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Ku wa 05/12/2020 saa mbiri n’igice z’ijoro (20h30), Nsabimana David yafatanywe ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’ urumogi, udupfunyika 200 turi mu gikapu yari yamanitse mu nzu abamo, bivugwa ko yari avuye kururangura mu Karere ka Ngororero, aje kurucuruza mu Mudugudu wa Rubona, Akagari ka Muganza mu Murenge wa Runda. Nyuma y’iperereza, Ubushinjacyaha bwamuregeye Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Muhanga bumukurikiranyeho icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, busaba ko ahanishwa igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu ya 25.000.000Frw. [2] Nsabimana David yaburanye ahakana icyaha aregwa, avuga ko yafashwe akurikiranyweho icyaha cy’ubujura, ariko ageze mu bushinjacyaha barabihindura bavuga ko akurikiranyweho icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge by’urumogi, asaba kurenganurwa kuko inyandiko mvugo zagaragajwe atazi aho zavuye. [3] Mu rubanza RP00318/2021/TGI/MHG rwaciwe kuwa 5/03/2021, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Muhanga, rushingiye ku kuba Nsabimana David yarafatanywe udupfunyika 200 tw’urumogi, rushingiye ku mvugo z’abatangabuhamya bamushinja no ku nyandiko-mvugo y’ifatira yashyizeho umukono yemeza ko urumogi afatanwe ari urwe, rwemeje ko ahamwa n’icyaha cyo kubika ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 30 n’ihazabu ya 20.000.100Frw. [4] Nsabimana David yajuririye Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza asaba kugabanyirizwa ibihano kuko yemera icyaha. Mu mwanzuro w’inyongera no mu miburanire ye yasabye ko inyito y’icyaha yahinduka agahanirwa icyaha cyo gufatanwa urumogi. Ubushinjacyaha bwasubije buvuga ko ubujurire bwe nta shingiro bufite ku bijyanye n’inyito y’icyaha yahamijwe, ariko ko yagabanyirizwa ibihano hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 2 y’Itegeko N° 059/2023 bityo agahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu ya 5.000.000Frw. [5] Mu rubanza RPA00377/2021/HC/NYZ rwaciwe kuwa 21/11/2024, Urukiko Rukuru, rushingiye ku kuba Nsabimana yarafatanywe udupfunyika 200 tw’urumogi rwari mu nzu abamo, rwasanze nta kosa Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwakoze mu kumuhamya icyaha cyo kubika ibiyobyabwenge by’urumogi. Rwasanze ariko kuba ari ubwa mbere akurikiranwe mu butabera ku buryo buzwi byamubera impamvu yo kugabanyirizwa igihano, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu ya 5.000.000Frw.

## Page 3

[6] Nsabimana David yajuririye Urukiko rw’Ubujurire kuri RPAA01356/2024/CA, ruburanishwa mu ruhame kuwa 10/7/2025 yunganiwe na Me Ruberwa N. Silas naho Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na Butera Oscar, Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’Igihugu. [7] Nsabimana David yajuririye Urukiko rw’Ubujurire avuga ko agamije gutakambira Urukiko kugira ngo rwongere rumugabanyirize ibihano kuko yemera icyaha ashinjwa kandi ko yarangije kugororoka bihagije. [8] Me Ruberwa N. Silas umwunganira, mu mwanzuro we yavuze ko mu gutanga igihano, Urukiko Rukuru rwirengagije guhuza igihano n’uburemere bw’icyaha cyakozwe (principe de la proportionalité de la peine et de l’infraction), ageze mu Rukiko avuga ko asanga Itegeko ryaragennye ibihano bito ntarengwa kandi ko aribyo Nsabimana yahanishijwe. [9] Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko ushinjwa yagabanyirijwe ibihano ku buryo buhagije, ko ibyo asaba yarangije kubihabwa bityo ko ubujurire bwe nta shingiro bufite. [10] Urukiko ruhereye kuri izo mpaka, rurasuzuma niba Urukiko Rukuru rwarakoze ikosa ryo kutagabanyiriza Nsabimana David ibihano ku buryo buhagije. II. ISESENGURA RY’IKIBAZO KIGIZE URUBANZA Kumenya niba Urukiko rwarakoze ikosa ryo kutagabanyiriza Nsabimana David ibihano ku buryo buhagije [11] Nsabimana David yajuririye Urukiko rw’Ubujurire avuga ko agamije gutakambira Urukiko kugira ngo rwongere rumugabanyirize ibihano ku buryo buhagije kuko yemera icyaha ashinjwa, asaba guhanishwa igifungo kiri munsi y’icyo yahanishijwe cyangwa agahanishwa igihano cy’imirimo ifitiye igihugu akamaro kuko yarangije kugororoka bihagije no kuba mu Igororrero afungiyemo yarigishijwe imyuga irenga 3 izamufasha gufatanya n’abandi kubaka igihugu aho kwishora mu biyobyabwenge. Yabajijwe itegeko ashingiraho asaba ibihano biri munsi y’ibiteganywa n’Itegeko asubiza ko ntaryo azi, ko icyo agamije ari ugutakamba. [12] Me Ruberwa N. Silas umwunganira, mu mwanzuro we yavuze ko mu gutanga igihano, Urukiko Rukuru rwirengagije ko ntacyabuza umucamanza gutanga igihano kiri munsi y’igihano gito giteganyijwe n’Itegeko mu rwego rwo guhuza igihano n’uburemere bw’icyaha cyakozwe (principe de la proportionalité de la peine et de l’infraction); ageze mu Rukiko avuga ko asanga Itegeko ryaragennye ibihano bito ntarengwa kandi ko aribyo Nsabimana yahanishijwe bityo ko ibisabwa n’ushinjwa abihariye ubushishozi bw’Urukiko. [13] Ubushinjacyaha bwasubije buvuga ko Nsabimana David yahamijwe icyaha cyo kubika ibiyobyabwenge bihambaye byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, icyaha giteganyirizwa igifungo cya burundu, ko mu bujurire uyu yagabanyirijwe ibihano kugeza ku gifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu ya 5.000.000Frw, ko ibihano yahawe aribyo bihano bito ntarengwa nk’uko biteganywa n’ingingo ya 2 y’Itegeko N° 059/2023, bityo ko ibyo asaba yarangije kubihabwa, ubujurire bwe bukaba nta shingiro bufite. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [14] Icyaha cyo kubika ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, Nsabimana David yahamijwe kandi yemera, gihanishwa igifungo cya burundu, hashingiwe ku biteganywa mu ngingo ya 11 y’Itegeko N° 69/2019 ryo kuwa 08/11/2019 rihindura Itegeko N° 68/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange iteganya ko umuntu uhamwe n’icyaha cyo gutunda cyangwa gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge

## Page 4

bihambaye, ahanishwa igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu itari munsi y’amafaranga 20.000.000 ariko itarenze amafaranga 30.000.000. [15] Ingingo ya 2 (a) y’Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 4/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange iteganya ko iyo umucamanza yemeje impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, ashobora kugabanya igihano ku buryo bukurikira: …(a) igifungo cya burundu gishobora kugabanywa ariko ntikijye munsi y’igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 15; naho mu gace ka (d) ikavuga ko ihazabu ishobora kugabanywa kugeza kuri ¼ cy’igihano cy’ihazabu ntoya yateganyirijwe icyaha cyakozwe. [16] Mu rubanza RPA00377/2021/HC/NYZ, rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza ku wa 21/11/2024, Urukiko rwahamije Nsabimana David icyaha cyo kubika ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi (urumogi udupfunyika 200), icyaha na we yemera, mu kumuhana, rwemeza kumugabanyiriza ibihano kugeza ku gifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu ya 5.000.000Frw, rubishingiye ku kuba ari ubwa mbere akurikiranwe mu butabera; ibi kandi rubishingira ku ngingo ya 2 y’itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange. [17] Ingingo ya 183 y’Itegeko N° 027/2019 ryo ku wa 19/09/2019 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha nk’uko ryahinduwe kugeza ubu, mu gace kayo ka 6° iteganya ko ujurira agomba kugaragaza amakosa yakozwe mu rubanza rujuririrwa hashingiwe ku bimenyetso n’amategeko, n’uburyo agomba gukosorwa. [18] Ibirebana n’ingingo ivuzwe haruguru, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwabigarutseho mu rubanza RPAA00194/2021/CA rwaciye kuwa 22/07/2022 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Ndayishimiye Emmanuel aho rwemeje ko ujurira agomba kugaragaza inenge zakozwe mu rubanza ajuririra n’uburyo zigomba gukosorwa. Ibi ni nako inkiko Mpuzamahanga zibibona nko mu rubanza ICTR-9604 rwaciwe n’Urukiko Mpanabyaha Mpuzamahanga rwashyiriweho uRwanda, rwemeje ko ujurira ari we ugomba kugaragaza ko Urugereko rubanza rwakoze ikosa ryo mu rwego rw’ibyabaye kandi ko iryo kosa ryatumye urubanza rucibwa nabi1. [19] Urukiko rurasanga nk’uko ingingo ya 11 y’Itegeko N° 69/2019 ryo kuwa 08/11/2019 rihindura itegeko N° 68/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange ibiteganya, icyaha cyo kubika ibiyobyabwenge bihambaye by’urumogi Nsabimana David yahamijwe kandi yemera, gihanishwa igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu itari munsi y’amafaranga 20.000.000 ariko itarengeje amafaranga 30.000.000; naho ingingo ya 2 y’Itegeko N° 059/2023 rihindura Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryavuzwe, mu gace kayo ka ( a) n’aka (d), ikavuga ko mu gihe hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha ku muntu wagombaga guhanishwa igifungo cya burundu, umucamanza ashobora kumugabanyiriza ariko igihano ntikijye munsi y’igifungo cy’imyaka 15, mu gihe ihazabu yo ishobora kugabanywa kugeza kuri ¼ cy’ihazabu ntoya iteganyirizwa icyaha ashinjwa. [20] Urukiko rurasanga Nsabimana David usaba kugabanyirizwa ibihano kugeza munsi y’igihano gito giteganyirizwa icyaha yahamijwe no guhanishwa igihano cy’imirimo ifitiye iGihugu inyungu, ubwe avuga ko nta Tegeko abishingiraho, ahubwo ibyo asaba bikaba binyuranyije n’ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 2 y’Itegeko N° 059/2023 rihindura Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryavuzwe, aho mu gace kayo ka (a) ivuga ko mu kugabanyiriza igihano uwahamijwe icyaha giteganyirizwa igifungo cya burundu, Urukiko rudashobora kujya munsi y’igifungo cy’imyaka 15, naho mu gace ka (d) ikavuga ko mu kugabanya igihano cy’ihazabu, Urukiko rudashobora kujya munsi ya ¼ cy’ihazabu ntoya yateganyirijwe icyaha ahamijwe.

1Urubanza ICTR-9604 rwaciwe ku wa 1 Kamena 2001 n’Urukiko Mpanabyabyaha Mpuzamahanga Rwashiriweho u Rwanda (ICTR), Urugereko rw’Ubujurire, haburana Akayesu Jean Paul n’Ubushinjacyaha (Igika cya 178).

## Page 5

[21] Kuba Urukiko Rukuru rwaragabanyirije igihano Nsabimana David kugeza ku gifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu y’amafranga miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000), Urukiko rurasanga nta kosa rwakoze ndetse ibi bihano bikaba bidashobora kugabanywa biruseho kuko aribyo bihano bito bishoboka kuri iki cyaha ushinjwa yahamijwe. [22] Urukiko rurasanga, nk’uko byatanzweho umurongo n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga mu rubanza RPA0129/10/CS rwaciwe ku wa 7/03/2014, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Mpitabakana, uregwa atakwongera kugabanyirizwa ibihano, iyo mu bujurire Urukiko rusanga yarabigabanyirijwe bihagije, harebwe uburemere bw’icyaha n’uburyo icyaha cyakozwemo, kandi ntacyo runenga urubanza rwajuririwe2; ibivuzwe muri iki gika bikaba bireba na Nsabimana David wagabanyirijwe ibihano ku buryo buhagije ku rwego rw’Urukiko Rukuru , ahabwa igihano gito giteganyirijwe icyaha yahamijwe kandi yemera. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [23] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Nsabimana David nta shingiro bufite. [24] Rwemeje ko imikirize y’urubanza RPA00377/2021/HC/NYZ, rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza kuwa 21/11/2024 igumyeho mu ngingo zarwo zose. [25] Rwemeje ko Nsabimana David ahamishwa ku gifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu ya 5.000.000Frw ku cyaha cyo kubika ibiyobyabwenge bihambaye byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi yahamijwe. [26] Rutegetse ko Nsabimana David asonerwa amagarama y'urubanza kuko yaburanye afunzwe.

2Icyegeranyo cy’ibyemezo by’Inkiko, V.2 [2014] RLR.