UBUSHINJACYAHA v BIZABARIMANA

# UBUSHINJACYAHA v BIZABARIMANA

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2025-07-18 - Case/document no.: RPAA 00625/2024/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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UBUSHINJACYAHA v BIZABARIMANA [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE - RPAA 00625/2024/CA (Kanyange, P.J.) 18 Nyakanga 2025] Amategeko agenga imanza z’inshinjabyaha – Igabanyagihano - Igihano gito gishobora guhabwa uwahamijwe icyaha giteganyirijwe igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu - Iyo hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha zemejwe n’Umucamanza igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu gishobora kugabanywa ariko ntikijye munsi y’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu. Incamake y’ikibazo: Mu mwaka wa 2009, Bizabarimana yasambanyije umwana w’umukobwa w’imyaka cumi n’itanu amutera inda, aza no kubana na we nk’umugore we, nyuma y’amezi arindwi arabyara. Amaze kubyara, Bizabarimana yaramutaye ajya mu Karere ka Nyagatare ntiyagaruka bituma wa mwana babyaranye ajya kumshaka, amaze kumenya aho ari arafatwa, Ubushinjacyaha bumerega mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyagatare icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana byakurikiwe no kubana nk’umugabo n’umugore. Uregwa yaburanye yemera icyaha ariko akavuga ko atari azi ko atujuje imyaka. Urukiko rushingiye ku kwemera kwe ndetse no ku buhamya bwatanzwe n’umubyeyi n’umuvundimwe b’uregwa, bwasanze ahamwa n’icyaha ashinjwa rumukatira igihano kigabanije cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 25. Uregwa yajuririye icyo cyemezo mu Rukiko Rukuru asaba kugabanyirizwa igihano kuko yemera icyaha, Urukiko rumugabanyiriza igihano, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 15. Bizabarimana na none ntiyanyuzwe n’iicyo cyemezo akijurira mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire asaba kongera kugabanyirizwa igihano. Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwasuzumye ikibazo cyo kumenya niba igihano Bizabarimana Jean Claude yahanishijwe cyakongera kugabanywa. Uyu avuga ko atigeze agabanyirizwa nk’uko abanda bakoze icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana bagabanyirijwe bagahabwa igihano kiri munsi y’imyaka 15 aho atanga imanza zitandukanye ashingiraho bityo na we agasaba kugabanyirizwa agahabwa igihano gito ngo abashe kwita ku mwana yabyaye. Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko imanza uregwa asaba ko zashingirwaho zidahuye n’uru rubanza kuko ibyaha bitandukanye. Bizabarimana aregwa icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana byakurikiwe no kubana na we nk’umugabo n’umugore bityo ko uregwa adakwiye kongera kugabanyirizwa. Incamake y’icyemezo: Iyo hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha zemejwe n’Umucamanza igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu gishobora kugabanywa ariko ntikijye munsi y’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu. Ubujurire nta shingiro bufite. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 nk’uko ryavuguruwe, ingingo ya 133; Itegeko N°059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023, ingingo ya 2 ihindura ingingo ya 60 y’Itegeko Nº68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 nk’uko ryavuguruwe.

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Imanza zashingiweho: RPAA 00037/2024/CA, Ubushinjacyaha na Niyonizera Antoine, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 24/01/2025; RPAA 00325/2024/CA, Ubushinjacyaha na Sibomana Rafiki, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 16/05/2025. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA

[1] Mu mwaka wa 2019, Bizabarimana Jean Claude yasambanyije umwana w’umukobwa w’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) y’amavuko wahawe izina rya NY.D.1 amutera inda, banabana nk’umugabo n’umugore, abyara ku wa 14/04/2020, hashize amezi arindwi (7) babana, Bizabarimana Jean Claude amusiga mu Karere ka Burera aho babanaga ajya kuba mu Karere ka Nyagatare, umwana amubuze aramushakisha amenye aho aba atangira gukurikiranwa. [2] Nyuma y’iperereza, Ubushinjacyaha bwareze Bizabarimana Jean Claude mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyagatare icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana byakurikiwe no kubana nk’umugabo n’umugore, bushingiye ku kuba yemera icyaha, ku mvugo za NY.D. n’iz’abatangabuhamya barimo Mukarusagara Odette nyina wa Bizabarimana Jean Claude n’umuvandimwe we Bizimana Fidèle, bumusabira igifungo cya burundu. [3] Bizabarimana Jean Claude yaburanye yemera icyaha agisabira imbabazi, avuga ko yabanye na NY.D. atazi ko ari umwana kuko yamubwiraga ko afite imyaka 18. [4] Mu rubanza Nº RP 01533/2021/TGI/NYG rwaciwe ku wa 03/11/2021, Urukiko rwahamije Bizabarimana Jean Claude icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana byakurikiwe no kubana nk’umugabo n’umugore, rushingiye ku bimenyetso birimo kuba yaremeye ko yasambanyije NY.D. bakanabana nk’umugabo n’umugore, ubuhamya bwa nyina wa Bizabarimana Jean Claude wavuze ko uwo muhungu we yasambanyije NY.D. amutera inda, n’ubwa Bizimana Fidèle (umuvandimwe we) wemeje ko Bizabarimana Jean Claude yasambanyije NY.D. amutera inda banabana nk' umugabo n'umugore mu gihe cy'amazi agera kuri arindwi (7). Rwasanze ariko akwiye kugabanyirizwa igihano kuko yemeye icyaha, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25).2 [5] Bizabarimana Jean Claude ntiyishimiye iyo mikirize y’urubanza ajurira mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana, asaba kugabanyirizwa igihano kuko yemera icyaha, kuba ari ubwa mbere akurikiranweho icyaha no kuba yarabanye na NY.D agamije kubaka umuryango, asaba guhabwa igihano gito kugira ngo azabashe kujya kwita ku burere bw’umwana wavutse.

1 Amazina yahinduwe kubera kamere y’icyaha yakorewe 2 Rwabishingiye ku ngingo ya 60 y’Itegeko Nº68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange iteganya ko iyo hari impamvu zigabanya ububi bw’icyaha igihano cyo gufungwa burundu gishobora kugabanywa ariko ntikijye munsi y’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25).

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[6] Ubushinjacyaha bwasubije ko nabwo busanga Bizabarimana Jean Claude yagabanyirizwa igihano hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 2 y’Itegeko Nº59/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko Nº68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange3, kuko iryo tegeko ryagiyeho urubanza rutaracibwa burundu kandi ari ryo rigena ibihano byoroheje, hagashingirwa no ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha agaragaza agahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka 12 n’amezi 6. [7] Mu rubanza NºRPA 01498/2021/HC/RWG rwaciwe ku wa 24/06/2024, Urukiko rwashingiye ku manza zaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire4, no ku ngingo ya 2 y’Itegeko n°059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko n°68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 ryagaragajwe haruguru, rusanga Bizabarimana Jean Claude yagabanyirizwa igihano kuko yemera icyaha, akaba yaragikoze akiri muto kandi igihano yahawe kikaba kiremereye, kidahuye n’imikorere y’icyaha ndetse n’inyungu z’uhanwa, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15). [8] Bizabarimana Jean Claude yatanze ubujurire bwa kabiri mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, urubanza rwandikwa kuri NºRPAA 00625/2024/CA, ruburanishwa ku wa 10/07/2025 yunganiwe na Me Byiringiro Kalisa, Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na Gakwerere Javan, Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’Igihugu. [9] Mu myanzuro y’ubujurire no mu miburanire, Bizabarimana Jean Claude n’umwunganira basaba ko yakongera kugabanyirizwa igihano, akajya kwita ku burere bw’umwana we, naho uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha akavuga ko iyo mpamvu y’ubujurire nta shingiro ifite, kuko yagabanyirijwe igihano nk’uko amategeko abiteganya. [10] Ikibazo kigomba gusuzumwa muri uru rubanza ni ukumenya niba igihano Bizabarimana Jean Claude yahanishijwe cyakongera kugabanywa. II. ISESENGURA RY’IKIBAZO KIGIZE URUBANZA

Kumenya niba igihano Bizabarimana Jean Claude yahanishijwe cyakongera kugabanywa. [11] Bizabarimana Jean Claude n’umwunganira basaba ko yakongera akagabanyirizwa igihano ku buryo buhagije kugira ngo azabashe kujya kwita ku burere bw’umwana we, kuko yemeye icyaha akagisabira imbabazi kandi akaba akicuza, akaba ari ubwa mbere akurikiranwe mu butabera ndetse akaba yarakoze icyaha akiri muto, afite imyaka 20 gusa ataragira ubunararibonye bwamufasha gutekereza ku ngaruka zacyo.

3 Iyo ngingo iteganya ko iyo umucamanza yemeje impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, igifungo cya burundu gishobora kugabanywa ariko ntikijye munsi y’igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 15. 4 Rwashingiye ku rubanza No RPAA 00251/2022/CA, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 28/02/2024 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Ntakirutimana Damien n’urubanza Nº RPAA 00624/2022/CA, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 22/02/2024 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Niyibizi Anicet.

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[12] Bavuga ko mu kugabanya igihano, hashingirwa ku murongo watanzwe mu rubanza NºRPAA 00104/2023/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 26/04/2024 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Niyena Félix, warezwe icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana agahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka 12 n’amezi 6 aho kuba igifungo cy’imyaka 15, no ku rubanza NºRPAA 00021/2023/CA rwaciwe ku wa 19/04/2024 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Singiranumwe Vedaste, wari ufite imyaka 20 akaregwa gusambanya umwana, Urukiko rumugabanyiriza igihano kiva ku myaka 17 kigezwa ku myaka 11, hakanashingirwa ku ngingo ya 59, agace ka 1 n’aka 3 y’Itegeko Nº68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 ryavuzwe haruguru5 no ku ngingo ya 2 y’Itegeko No 59/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 ryavuzwe haruguru. [13] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko iyi mpamvu y’ubujurire nta shingiro ifite, kuko Bizabarimana Jean Claude yagabanyirijwe igihano nk’uko amategeko abiteganya, kandi ko urubanza NºRPAA 00104/2023/CA n’urubanza NºRPAA 00021/2023/CA zitashingirwaho kuko we akurikiranweho icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana byakurikiwe no kubana nk’umugabo n’umugore, gihanishwa igifungo cya burundu, mu gihe icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana w’imyaka iri hagati ya 14 na 18 y’amavuko abaregwaga muri izo manza bahamijwe, gihanishwa igifungo kitari munsi y’imyaka 20 ariko kitarenze imyaka 25, ko rero Bizabarimana Jean Claude adakwiye kongera kugabanyizwa igihano kuko yagabanyirijwe bihagije, ahabwa igihano gikwiranye n’icyaha yakoze, ko rero hagumaho urubanza rwajuririwe. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA

[14] Impaka kuri iki kibazo zishingiye ku kumenya niba igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) Bizabarimana Jean Claude yahanishijwe cyakongera kugabanywa. [15] Ku birebana n’icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana byakurikiwe no kubana nk’umugabo n’umugore Bizabarimana Jean Claude yahamijwe, ingingo ya 133 y’Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 nk’uko ryavuguruwe, iteganya ko iyo umuntu mukuru asambanyije umwana bigakurikirwa no kumugira umugabo cyangwa umugore, ahanishwa igifungo cya burundu. [16] Ikibazo kijyanye no kumenya igihano gito gishobora guhabwa uwahamijwe icyaha giteganyirijwe igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu mu gihe hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, cyasesenguwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire mu manza zitandukanye harimo urubanza NºRPAA 00037/2024/CA rwaciwe ku wa 24/01/2025 Ubushinjacyaha buburana na Niyonizera Antoine, aho rwashingiye ku ngingo ya 2 y’Itegeko N°059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 ihindura ingingo ya 60 y’Itegeko Nº68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 yagaragajwe haruguru, rwemeza ko iyo hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha zemejwe n’Umucamanza igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu gishobora kugabanywa ariko ntikijye munsi y’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15).6

5 Iyi ngingo iteganya ko umucamanza ashobora kugabanya ibihano nk’iyo mbere yo gukurikiranwa, ushinjwa yemeye icyaha akagisabira imbabazi uwo yakoreye icyaha n’umuryango nyarwanda mu buryo budashidikanywa, akicuza kandi akishyura ibyo yangije nk’uko bari babimutegerejeho, cyangwa iyo mu ntangiriro z’iburanisha ku rwego rwa mbere, ushinjwa yireze akemera icyaha mu buryo budashidikanywa. 6 Ibyo byemejwe kandi mu rubanza No RPAA 00325/2024/CA rwaciwe ku wa 16/05/2025 haburana Ubushibjacyaha na SIBOMANA Rafiki n’izindi nyinshi.

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[17] Nk’uko imikirize y’urubanza rujurirwa ibigaragaza, Urukiko Rukuru rwagabanyirije Bizabarimana Jean Claude igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25) yari yahanishijwe ku rwego rwa mbere, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) rushingiye ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha rwagaragaje no ku ngingo ya 2 y’Itegeko n°059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko Nº68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange. [18] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga harebwe uburyo ibihano bishobora kugabanywa iyo hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha hakanarebwa igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) Bizabarimana Jean Claude yahanishijwe nyuma yo kugabanyirizwa igihano, ibyo asaba ko cyakongera kugabanywa bitashoboka kuko yakigabanyirijwe mu buryo bukurikije amategeko, kandi igihano yahawe kikaba ari cyo gito gishobora gutangwa nk’uko byasobanuwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire mu manza zavuzwe haruguru. [19] Naho ku birebana n’urubanza NºRPAA 00104/2023/CA n’urubanza NºRPAA 00021/2023/CA, Bizabarimana Jean Claude n’umwunganira basaba ko zashingirwaho igihano yahawe kikongera kugabanywa, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga izo manza zitashingirwaho kuko abaziburanyemo baregwaga icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana, mu gihe Bizabarimana Jean Claude we akurikiranweho icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana byakurikiwe no kubana nk’umugabo n’umugore, gihanishwa igifungo cya burundu, haba hari impamvu nyoroshya cyaha igihano kikaba gishobora kugabanywa ariko ntikijye munsi y’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) nk’uko byasobanuwe haruguru. [20] Hashingiwe ku bimaze gusobanurwa, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) Bizabarimana Jean Claude yahanishijwe kitakongera kugabanywa, bityo hakaba hagumyeho imikirize y’urubanza rwajuririwe. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO

[21] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Bizabarimana Jean Claude nta shingiro bufite; [22] Rwemeje ko imikirize y’urubanza Nº RPA 01498/2021/HC/RWG, rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, ku wa 24/06/2024, rwamuhanishije igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15), idahindutse; [23] Rutegetse ko amagarama y’urubanza aherereye ku isanduku ya Leta, kuko Bizabarimana Jean Claude afunze, akaba asonewe kuyatanga.