UBUSHINJACYAHA v NGEZAHOGUHORA

# UBUSHINJACYAHA v NGEZAHOGUHORA

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2025-07-18 - Case/document no.: RPAA 00917/2024/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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UBUSHINJACYAHA v NGEZAHOGUHORA [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE - RPAA 00917/2024/CA (Umugwaneza, P.J.) 18 Nyakanga 2025] Amategeko agenga imanza z’inshinjabyaha – Ibihano – Kugabanya igihano – Icyaha gihanishwa igifungo cya burundu - Icyaha gihanishwa igifungo cya burundu ntigishobora kugabanyirizwa igihano hashingiwe ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha ku buryo kijya munsi y’igifungo cy’imyaka 15, kandi n’ihazabu iteganyijwe ntishobora kugabanywa ngo ibe yajya munsi ya kimwe cya kane cy’ihazabu nto iteganyirijwe icyaha cyakozwe. Incamake y’ikibazo: biturutse ku makuru yari yatanzwe, Ngezahoguhora yafatanwe mu rugo iwe ibiro cumi na bine (14kg) by’urumogi bivugwa ko yari yaruzaniwe na Mazimpaka. Ubushinjacyaha bwabareze mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyagatare, Ngezahoguhora akurikiranywaho icyaha cyo kubika no gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi. Urukiko rushingiye ku bimenyetso bitandukanye, rwasanze Ngezahoguhora ahamwa n’icyaha cyo kubika no gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga miliyoni makumyabiri (20.000.000 Frw). Uregwa ntiyishimiye iki cyemezo akijuririra mu Rukiko Rukuru asaba ko inyito y’icyaha yahinduka kikaba gufatanwa ibiyobyabwenge kuko urumogi yafatanwe atarucuruzaga. Urukiko rwasanze ingano y’urumogi yafatanwe yerekana neza ko yarucuruzaga ariko rusanga akwiriye kugabanyirizwa igihano kuko nta kindi cyaha yahaniwe kandi hakaba nta n’ingaruka icyo cyaha cyeteje, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu ya miliyoni icumi (10.000.000 Frw). Uregwa ntiyanyuzwe, ajuririra icyo cyemezo mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire asaba ko yakongera kugabanyirizwa igihano kuko yemera icyaha kandi akakicuza. Urukiko rwasuzumye ikibazo cyo kumenya niba uregwa yakongera kugabanyirizwa igihano ndetse akanakurirwaho ihazabu. Ngezahoguhora asobanura ko yicuza icyaha yakoze ndetse akanagisabira imbabazi bityo ko yagabanyirizwa igihano kuko atazongera kugikora. Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko, uregwa yemeye icyaha ku rwego rw’ubujurire bityo iyo itaba impamvu yo kugabanyirizwa igihano. Bukomeza buvuga ko igihano yahawe aricyo gikwiye kuko itegeko ritemera ko yahanishwa igihano kiri munsi y’icyo yahawe. Incamake y’icyemezo: Icyaha gihanishwa igifungo cya burundu ntigishobora kugabanyirizwa igihano hashingiwe ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha ku buryo kijya munsi y’igifungo cy’imyaka 15, kandi n’ihazabu iteganyijwe ntishobora kugabanywa ngo ibe yajya munsi ya kimwe cya kane cy’ihazabu nto iteganyirijwe icyaha cyakozwe. Ubujurire, nta shingiro bufite. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko Nº 69/2019 ryo ku wa 08/11/2019 ihindura ingingo ya 263 y’Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018, ingingo ya 11;

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Itegeko N° 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023, ingingo ya 2, ihindura ingingo ya 60 y’Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange. Imanza zifashishijwe: RPAA 00752/2024/CA Ubushinjacyaha na Nsekanabo Augustin, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 27/03/2025; RPAA 00 RPAA 00154/2024/CA, Ubushinjacyaha na Dusabe Jean Damascène rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 17/04/2025; RPAA 00383/2024/CA, Ubushinjacyaha na Mukandinda Pétronille rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 22/05/2025. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA

[1] Mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyagatare, Ubushinjacyaha bwareze Ngezahoguhora Théogène alias Ngenzeri na bagenzi be aribo Niyigena Butarinuma Delphine na Mazimpaka Ocean, bubakurikiranyeho icyaha cyo kubika no gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge kuri Ngezahoguhora, ubufatanyacyaha mu kubika ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi kuri Niyigena n’icyaha cyo gutunda ibiyobyabwenge kuri Mazimpaka Ocean, buvuga ko ku itariki ya 30/01/2021 mu nzu Ngezahoguhora Théogène alias Ngenzeri yabanagamo na NIYIGENA Butarinuma Delphine hafatiwe ibiro cumi na bine (14kg) by’urumogi bari bazaniwe n’umumotari witwa Mazimpaka Ocean aruvanye i Ndego. [2] Abaregwa bose baburanye bahakana icyaha baregwa. Mu rubanza N° RP 00173/2021/TGI/NYG rwaciwe ku wa 24/03/2021, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyagatare rwasanze kuri Niyigena Butarinuma Delphine atari kuba yarafatanyije na Ngezahoguhora Théogène alias Ngenzeri mu bikorwa byo kubika ibiyobyabwenge ngo hanyuma anatange Amakuru yatumye afatwa, rusanga adakwiye gukurikiranwaho icyaha. Kuri Mazimpaka Ocean, Urukiko rwasanze Ubushinjacyaha butabasha kugaragaza ibimenyetso bifatika byemeza ko ariwe wazaniye Ngezahoguhora Théogène alias Ngenzeri urumogi yafatanwe, rwemeza ko adahamwa n’icyaha cyo gutunda ibiyobyabwange byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi [3] Kuri Ngezahoguhora Théogène alias Ngenzeri, Urukiko rwasanze hari ibimenyetso bimuhamya icyaha cyo kubika no gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge by’urumogi, birimo imvugo z’abatangabuhamya bamushinja ko asanzwe acuruza urumogi ndetse n’imvugo ya Niyigena Butarinuma Delphine baregwa hamwe umushinja ko urumogi rwafashwe ariwe baruzaniye kandi ko asanzwe acuruza urumogi, no kuba yarasinye ku nyandikomvugo y’ifatira ry’urumogi yafatanwe; ahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni makumyabiri (20.000.000 Frw). [4] Ngezahoguhora Théogène alias Ngenzeri ntiyanyuzwe n’imikirize y’urwo rubanza, ajuririra Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana, asaba guhindura inyito y’icyaha yahamijwe kikaba gufatanwa ibiyobyabwenge aho kuba kubibika no kubicuruza kuko urumogi yafatanwe barusanze mu nzu kandi nta wigeze amubona arucuruza.

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[5] Ubushinjacyaha bwavuze ko inyito y’icyaha idakwiye guhinduka kuko kuba umucuruzi w’ibiyobyabwenge bidasaba ko uregwa aba yafatanwe amafaranga yacuruje, ahubwo ko harebwa uko ibiyobyabwenge yafatanwe bingana. [6] Mu rubanza N° RPA 00461/2021/HC/RWG rwaciwe ku wa 19/08/2024, Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana, rwasanze hashingiwe ku ngano nini y’urumogi Ngezahoguhora Théogène alias Ngenzeri yafatanwe (ibiro 14), nta gushidikanya ko rwari urwo gucuruza, rwasanze kandi hari n’abatangabuhamya bemeza ko asanzwe acuruza urumogi, rushingiye kuri ibyo bimenyetso rusanga ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, rusanga ariko akwiriye kugabanyirizwa ibihano kuko nta kindi cyaha kizwi yahaniwe kandi icyaha yakoze kikaba nta ngaruka zikomeye cyateje, ahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni icumi (10.000.000 Frw). [7] Ngezahoguhora Théogène alias Ngenzeri yajuririye Urukiko rw’Ubujurire, urubanza ruhabwa N° RPAA 00917/2024/CA, ruburanishwa muruhame ku wa 08/07/2025, yunganiwe na Me Binezande Idrissa, Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na Habineza Jean Damascène, Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’Igihugu. [8] Ngezahoguhora Théogène alias Ngenzeri n’umwunganira basaba ko yagabanyirizwa igihano hashingiwe ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha zirimo kuba n’ubwo yabanje guhakana icyaha ariko yageze nyuma acyemera mu buryo budashidikanywaho kugeza ubu akaba akomeje ku cyicuza no kwiyemeza kutazagisubiramo ukundi, kuba ari ubwa mbere yakurikiranwaho icyaha bizwi. Basaba kandi ko yakurirwaho ihazabu kuko nta bushobozi afite bwo kuba yayibona, cyane cyane ko afunze. [9] Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko Ngezahoguhora Théogène alias Ngenzeri yemeye icyaha bwa mbere mu bujurire, ko rero ibyo bitamubera impamvu nyoroshyacyaha ituma agabanyirizwa igihano, buvuga kandi ko igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) yakatiwe, kidashobora kongera kugabanywa kuko aricyo gihano gito giteganywa n’Itegeko, ariko ko ihazabu yo ishobora kugabanywa kugeza kuri miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000 Frw). [10] Hakurikijwe iyo miburanire, Urukiko rurasanga muri uru rubanza hakwiye gusuzumwa ikibazo cyo kumenya niba Ngezahoguhora Théogène alias Ngenzeri yakongera kugabanyirizwa igihano ndetse akanakurirwaho ihazabu.

II. IKIBAZO KIGIZE URUBANZA N’ISESENGURA RYACYO

Kumenya niba Ngezahoguhora Théogène alias Ngenzeri yakongera kugabanyirizwa igihano ndetse akanakurirwaho ihazabu

[11] Ngezahoguhora Théogène alias Ngenzeri na Me Bihezande Idrissa umwunganira, basaba ko igihano yahanishijwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urureko rwa Rwamagana cyagabanywa hashingiwe ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha zikurikira: kuba n’ubwo yabanje guhakana icyaha abitewe n’ubujiji n’uko yashutswe n’abo bari bafunganwe bamubwiye ko nagihakana ari burekurwe, ariko nyuma

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yaje kucyemera mu buryo budashidikanywaho kugeza ubu akaba akomeje ku cyicuza no kwiyemeza kutazagisubiramo ukundi; kuba ari ubwa mbere yakurikiranwaho icyaha icyo aricyo cyose; kuba yaraguye mu cyaha bitewe n’imibereho mibi y’ubukene yari abayemo byatumye yishuka ashakira igisubizo mu nzira zitarizo, ariko ubu akaba yarize imyuga irimo kubaka no gukora inkweto yamufasha aramutse asubiye mu buzima busanzwe. Basaba kandi ko Ngezahoguhora Théogène alias Ngenzeri yakurirwaho ihazabu yaciwe kuko ari umukene cyane ku buryo atabona aho ayikura, cyane cyane ko afunze kandi kubaho igihe cyose atekereza ko afitiye Leta umwenda ariko atazabona aho akura ubwishyu, byamubuza amahoro ndetse bikanamubera inzitizi yo kwiteza imbere. [12] Ngezahoguhora Théogène alias Ngenzeri n’umwunganira basaba ko hashingirwa ku ngingo ya 491 y’Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange nk’uko ryahinduwe kugeza ubu, no kuzindi manza zaciwe zagiye zigabanya igihano, harimo urubanza N° RPAA 00550/2021/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 17/02/2023 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Habineza, aho Urukiko rwemeje ko mu rwego rwo gutanga ubutabera buboneye nta cyabuza Umucamanza kugabanya igihano igihe hari impamvu nyoroshyacya; urubanza N° RPAA 00575/2021/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 24/02/2023 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Manirakiza Sylvère, aho uyu yagabanyirijwe igihano mu bujurire bwa kabiri; urubanza N° RPAA 00269/2022/CA rwaciwe ku wa 12/05/2023 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Byukusenge Gad aho muri urwo urubanza uregwa yagabanyirijwe igihano ahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka itanu (5) hashingiwe ku mirongo yatanzwe mu zindi manza cyane cyane nko murubanza N° RPAA 00032/2021/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 28/02/202 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Nzafashwanimana Jean de Dieu, rwemeje ko akamaro k’igihano katareberwa gusa ku buremere bw’icyaha cyakozwe, ko hitabwa no ku nyungu z’uregwa, kandi ko guhanisha uregwa igihano kirekire bitari mu nyungu z’ubutabera. [13] Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko, Ngezahoguhora Théogène alias Ngenzeri yemeye icyaha bwa mbere mu bujuririre, ko rero ibyo bitamubera impamvu nyoroshyacyaha ituma agabanyirizwa igihano. Buvuga kandi ko hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 2 y’Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, iteganya ko iyo Umucamanza yemeje impamvunyoroshyacyaha ashobora kugabanya igihano ku buryo igifungo cya burundu gishobora kugabanywa ariko ntikijye munsi y’igifungo cy’imyaka 15, ko ihazabu nayo ishora kugabanywa kugeza kuri ¼ cy’igihano cy’ihazabu gito giteganyirijwe icyaha cyakozwe, busanga igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) Ngezahoguhora Théogè alias Ngenzeri yakatiwe kidashobora kongera kugabanywa kuko aricyo gihano gito giteganywa n’Itegeko, ariko ko ihazabu yo ishobora kugabanywa kugeza kuri miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000 Frw).

[14] Ku bijyanye n’imanza zitandukanye Ngezahoguhora Théogène n’umwunganira basaba ko zashingirwaho akagabanyirizwa igihano, Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko bitashoboka ko izo manza zifashishwa mu kugabanya ibihano kuko zaciwe hashingiye ku ngingo ya 60 y’Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, iyo ngingo ikaba yaramaze guhindurwa kandi nk’uko byemejwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire mu rubanza Nº RPAA

1 Ivuga ko: “Umucamanza atanga igihano akurikije uburemere bw'icyaha, ingaruka icyaha cyateye, impamvu zatumye agikora, uko uwagikoze yari asanzwe yitwara, imibereho ye bwite n’uburyo icyaha cyakozwemo”.

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00072/2023/CA rwaciwe ku wa 29/04/2024 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Nsabimana Emmanuel (igika cya 25), umurongo wari uriho udashobora gukurikizwa mu gihe Itegeko wari ushingiyeho ryavuyeho cyangwa ryahinduwe.

Uko Urukiko rubibona

[15] Impaka muri uru rubanza zishingiye ku kumenya niba igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni icumi (10.000.000 Frw) Ngezahoguhora Théogène alias Ngenzeri yahanishijwe mu rubanza rujuririrwa kubera icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge (urumogi) yahamijwe cyakongera kugabanywa hashingiwe ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha agaragaza, ndetse akanakurirwaho ihazabu. [16] Ingingo ya 11, igika cya gatatu, agace ka 1° y’Itegeko Nº 69/2019 ryo ku wa 08/11/2019 ihindura ingingo ya 263 y’Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange ivuga ko “Umuntu wese ukora, uhinga, uhindura, utunda, ubika, uha undi, ugurisha mu gihugu ibiyobyabwenge cyangwa urusobe rw’imiti ikoreshwa nka byo mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko, aba akoze icyaha. Iyo abihamijwe n’urukiko ahanishwa: 1° igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda arenze miliyoni makumyabiri (20.000.000 Frw) ariko atarenze miliyoni mirongo itatu (30.000.000 Frw) ku byerekeye ibiyobyabwenge bihambaye”. [17] Ikibazo kijyanye no kumenya igihano gito gishobora guhabwa umuburanyi wahamijwe icyaha gihanishwa igifungo cya burundu mu gihe hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, cyatanzweho umurongo n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire mu manza zitandukanye, aho rushingiye ku ngingo ya 2 y’Itegeko N° 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 ihindura ingingo ya 60 y’Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, rwemeje ko icyaha gihanishwa igifungo cya burundu kidashobora kugabanyirizwa igihano hashingiwe ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha ku buryo kijya munsi y’igifungo cy’imyaka 15, kandi ko n’ihazabu iteganyijwe idashobora kugabanywa ngo ibe yajya munsi ya kimwe cya kane cy’ihazabu nto iteganyirijwe icyaha cyakozwe2. [18] Nk’uko imikirize y’urubanza rujuririrwa ibigaragaza, mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana, Ngezahoguhora Théogène alias Ngenzeri yagabanyirije igihano, kiva ku gifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni makumyabiri (20.000.000 Frw) yari yahanishijwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyagatare, ahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni icumi (10.000.000 Frw). [19] Hashingiwe ku murongo watanzwe mu manza zibukijwe haruguru (mu gika cya 17 cy’uru rubanza), Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15)

2 Muri izo manza harimo urubanza N° RPAA 00752/2024/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 27/03/2025 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Nsekanabo Augustin (igika cya 19); urubanza N° RPAA 00 RPAA 00154/2024/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 17/04/2025 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Dusabe Jean Damascène (igika cya 13); urubanza N° RPAA 00383/2024/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 22/05/2025 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Mukandinda Pétronille (igika cya 16) n’izindi. n’izindi.

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Ngezahoguhora Théogène alias Ngenzeri yahanishijwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana kitakongera kugabanywa kuko cyagabanyijwe bihagije kandi kikaba aricyo gihano gito ntarengwa giteganyijwe ku cyaha kimuhama cyo gutunda ibiyobyabwenge byo mubwoko bw’urumogi, kikaba kidashobora kugibwa munsi. [20] Ku bijyanye n’ihazabu ya miliyoni icumi (10.000.000 Frw) Ngezahoguhora Théogène alias Ngenzeri yaciwe, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga nayo idakwiye kugabaywa kuko n’ubwo atariyo hazabu nto iteganywa n’Itegeko mu ngingo ya 2, agace ka (d) y’Itegeko N° 59/2023 ryavuzwe haruguru, ariko kandi harebwe uburemere bw’icyaha yakoze bugaragarira mu ngano nini y’ibiyobyabwenge yafatanwe (14 kgs) byo gukwirakwiza, byagombaga kwangiza abana b’u Rwanda, kuko uko ibiyobyabwenge bikwirakwizwa ari byinshi ari nako bigira ingaruka mbi ku bantu benshi; ihazabu yaciwe ariyo ikwiye ikaba itakongera kugabanywa ngo ni uko haje Itegeko rishya kuko nk’uko byatanzweho umurungo n’uru Rukiko mu rubanza N° RPAA 00752/2021/CA, ku birebana n’igabanya ry’igihano kubera impamvu nyoroshyacyaha n’ubwo Itegeko rishya ryaba riteganya igihano cyoroheje, Urukiko rudahita ruha uregwa igihano gito giteganyijwe mu Itegeko rishya, ahubwo rugabanya igihano mu bushishozi bwarwo rurebye uburemere bw’icyaha, ndetse n’ingaruka zacyo, rugatanga igihano gikwiranye n’icyaha cyakozwe, mu mbago z’igihano giteganywa n’Itegeko rishya. Bivuze ko Urukiko rushobora kwanga kongera kumugabanyiriza igihano yahanishijwe mu gihe rusanga kiri mu rugero (fourchette) rw’igiteganywa n’Itegeko rishya kandi gikwiranye n’icyaha yakoze3. [21] Ku bijyanye no gukurirwaho ihazabu bisabwa na Ngezahoguhora Théogène alias Ngenzeri n’umwunganira, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga nta shingiro bifite, kuko icyaha kimuhama cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge bihambaye byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, umushingamategeko yagiteganyirije igihano cy’igifungo n’ihazabu bikomatanyije nk’uko bigaragara mu ngingo ya 11, igika cya 3, agace ka 1° y’Itegeko N° 69/2019 ryo ku wa 08/11/2019 rihindura Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange4, Urukiko rukaba rusanga ntaho rwahera rumukuriraho ihazabu kuko byaba binyuranyije n’amategeko. [22] Ku bijyanye n’imanza Ngezahoguhora Théogène alias Ngenzeri n’umwunganira basaba ko zashingirwaho akongera kugabanyirizwa igihano, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga, izo manza zitakwifashishwa kuko zaciwe hashingiwe ku murongo wari uriho watanzwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire mu manza zitandukanye rwaciye wemerera Umucamanza kuba yagabanya igihano kugeza munsi y’igihano gito giteganywa n’Itegeko igihe hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, uwo murongo uka wari ushingiye ku ngingo ya 60 y’Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ubu iyo ngingo ikaba yarahinduwe n’ingingo ya 2 y’Itegeko N° 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023, kandi nk’uko byemejwe mu rubanza Nº RPAA 00048/2020/CA rwaciwe ku wa 26/05/2022 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Bimenyimana Jean Paul,

3 Reba urubanza N° RPAA 00752/2021/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 28/02/2024 Ubushinjacyaha buburana na Ndayambaje Eugène. 4 Ivuga ko: “Umuntu wese ukora, uhinga, uhindura, utunda, ubika, uha undi, ugurisha mu gihugu ibiyobyabwenge cyangwa urusobe rw’imiti ikoreshwa nka byo mu buryo bunyuranije n’amategeko, aba akoze icyaha. Iyo abihamijwe n’urukiko ahanishwa: 1 º igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda arenze miliyoni makumyabiri (20.000.000 FRW) ariko atarenze miliyoni mirongo itatu (30.000.000 FRW) ku byerekeye ibiyobyabwenge bihambaye”.

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umurongo wari uriho udashobora gukurikizwa mu gihe Itegeko wari ushingiyeho ryavuyeho cyangwa ryahinduwe5. [23] Hashingiwe ku bisobanuro byose byatanzwe muri uru rubanza, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga ubujurire bwatanwe na Ngezahoguhora Théogène alias Ngenzeri nta shingiro bufite, urubanza yajuririye rukaba rudahindutse.

III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO

[24] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwatanzwe na Ngezahoguhora Théogène alias Ngenzeri nta shingiro bufite; [25] Rwemeje ko imikirize y’urubanza N° RPA 00461/2021/HC/RWG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana ku wa 19/08/2024, idahindutse; [26] Rwemeje ko igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni icumi (10.000.000 Frw) Ngezahoguhora Théogène alias Ngenzeri yahanishijwe muri urwo rubanza, kigumyeho. [27] Rutegetse ko Ngezahoguhora Théogène alias Ngenzeri asonewe gutanga amagarama y’urubanza kuko aburana afunze.

5 Reba igika cya 26 cy’urwo rubanza