SEBYUJE v SANLAM AG Plc

# SEBYUJE v SANLAM AG Plc

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2025-07-11 - Case/document no.: RS/INJUST/RC 00021/2024/SC - Collection: Supreme Court

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SEBYUJE v SANLAM AG Plc [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’IKIRENGA - RS/INJUST/RC 00021/2024/SC (Cyanzayire, P.J., Kazungu na Kalihangabo, J.) 11 Nyakanga 2025] Amategeko agenga imanza z’imbonezamubano – Ubwishingizi – Indishyi zikomoka ku mpanuka – Impanuka y’akazi - Uwakoze impanuka ari mu kazi ku modoka yakomerekeyemo, agomba guhabwa indishyi zishingiye ku masezerano y’ubwishingizi yihariye nyir’imodoka yagiranye n’ikigo cy’ubwishingizi. Incamake y’ikibazo: Uru rubanza rukomoka ku mpanuka yakozwe n’ikamyo yari igiye gupakira amatafari irimo uwitwa Sebyuje aza gukomereka anacika ukuguru. Yareze mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge asaba ko SANLAM AG Plc, umwishingizi w’icyo kinyabiziga yamuha indishyi, rumugenera indishyi hashingiwe ku masezerano SANLAM AG Plc yagiranye na Ntabanganyimana nyiri kinyabiziga. Urega ntiyishimiye izo ndishyi ajuririra icyo cyemezo mu Rukiko Rukuru asaba ko mu kumugenera indishyi hashingirwa ku Iteka rya Perezida Nº 31/01 ryo ku wa 25/08/2003 rishyiraho uburyo bwo kwishyura indishyi ku bubabare bw'umubiri buturutse ku mpanuka zitewe n’ibinyabiziga (Iteka rya Perezida, muri uru rubanza). Urukiko rukuru rwemeje ko urubanza ruhindutse ku bigendanye n’indishyi ariko ko hakomeza gushingirwa ku masezerano yavuzwe haraguru. Urega yagiye mu nzira z’akarengane, urubanza rwongera kuburanishwa n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga hasuzumwa ikibazo cyo kumenya indishyi Sebyuje Cyprien agomba guhabwa n’uko zigomba kubarwa. Asobanura ko indishyi zisabwa zigomba gushingira ku Iteka rya Perezida aho gushingira ku masezerano y’ubwishingizi yabaye hagati ya nyir’imodoka yakoze impanuka na SANLAM, kuko ayo masezerano atamureba, kuko atari umukozi kuri iyo modoka. Uregwa avuga ko urega akwiye kubarirwa indishyi hashingiwe ku masezerano y’ubwishingizi bwafashwe na Ntabanganyimana Sylvère, kuko impanuka yahuye nayo ari iyo mu kazi kandi yari umukozi kuri iyo modoka. Incamake y’icyemezo: Uwakoze impanuka ari mu kazi ku modoka yakomerekeyemo, agomba guhabwa indishyi zishingiye ku masezerano y’ubwishingizi yihariye nyir’imodoka yagiranye n’ikigo cy’ubwishingizi. Ikirego cyo gusubirishamo urubanza ku mpamvu z’akarengane, nta shingiro gifite. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko Teka No 32/75 ryo ku wa 07 Kanama 1975, ryerekeye ubwishingizi butegetswe ku buryozwe butewe n'ibigenzwa ku butaka bifite moteri, nk’uko ryahinduwe, ingingo ya 4; Itegeko N⁰ 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, ingingo ya 111. Imanza zifashishijwe:

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RS/INJUST/RC00008/2024/SC, Nzayikorera Jeanne na bagenzi be na SANLAM AG PLC, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 17/01/2025; RS/INJUST/RC00013/2024/SC, Kamali na bagenzi be na RADIANT INSURANCE COMPANY LTD, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 20/06/2025. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Uru rubanza rukomoka ku mpanuka yabaye ku wa 01/02/2020, itewe n’imodoka Cammionette Mitsubishi Fuso RAC 043 U yari ifite ubwishingizi muri SANLAM, yari igiye gupakira amatafari. Sebyuje Cyprien wari muri iyo modoka inyuma yarakomeretse acika ukuguru. [2] Nyuma yo kutumvikana na SANLAM ku ndishyi zigomba kwishyurwa, Sebyuje Cyprien yaregeye Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge, ikirego cyandikwa kuri N° RC 00113/2021/TGI/NYGE, asaba indishyi zitandukanye zikurikira: a) Indishyi mbangamirabukungu: 3.000 x 30 x 12 x 29 x 50%: 1+ (7.5% x 29) = 5.107.632 Frw; b) Indishyi z’akababaro: 3.000 x 30 x 12 x 100%= 1.080.000 Frw; c) Indishyi z’ibangamira ry’uburanga (Esthetique) grade 3/6: 3.000 x 30 x 12 x 20% = 216.000 Frw; d) Indishyi z’ibangamira ry’uburambe mu kazi: 3.000 x 30 x 6= 540.000 Frw; e) Indishyi zo gutakaza amahirwe yo gushaka:1 x 3.000 x 30 x 12 = 1.080.00 Frw; f) Insimburangingo: 690.170 Frw; [3] Ku wa 10/02/2022, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge rwaciye urubanza rwemeza ko ikirego cyatanzwe na Sebyuje Cyprien gifite ishingiro kuri bimwe, rutegeka SANLAM kumwishyura indishyi zingana na 1.500.000 Frw, igihembo cya Avoka kingana na 500.000 Frw, amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza angana na 100.000 Frw no kumusubiza 20.000 Frw y’ingwate y’amagarama yatanze arega. [4] Urukiko rwasobanuye ko indishyi zigomba kwishyurwa Sebyuje Cyprien ari iziteganyijwe mu masezerano y’ubwishingizi Ntabanganyimana Sylvère1 yagiranye na SANLAM, ko inshingano zayo zitarenga ibiteganywa n’aya masezerano. [5] Sebyuje Cyprien yajuririye urwo rubanza mu Rukiko Rukuru, ikirego cyandikwa kuri N°RCA00096/2022. Yasobanuye ko impamvu zatumye ajurira ari uko Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge rwanze kubara indishyi asaba hashingiwe ku Iteka rya Perezida Nº 31/01 ryo ku wa 25/08/2003 rishyiraho uburyo bwo kwishyura indishyi ku bubabare bw'umubiri buturutse ku mpanuka zitewe n’ibinyabiziga (Iteka rya Perezida, muri uru rubanza).

1 Niwe nyir’imodoka yakoze impanuka.

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[6] SANLAM na Ntabanganyimana Sylvère bireguye bavuga ko indishyi zigomba kubarwa hashingiwe ku masezerano y’ubwishingizi nyir’imodoka yagiranye na SANLAM kandi ko Sebyuje Cyprien yari mu modoka nk’umukozi uri mu kazi. [7] Urukiko Rukuru rwaciye urubanza ku wa 22/02/2024, rwemeza ko urubanza ruhindutse ku byerekeye indishyi zagenwe, rutegeka ko Sebyuje Cyprien ahabwa indishyi hashingiwe ku masezerano y’ubwishingizi yavuzwe haruguru, ko ariko agomba guhabwa indishyi zingana na 3.000.000 Frw n’amafaranga yo kwivuza angana na 300.000 Frw, iyi mibare ikaba ariyo iteganyijwe mu masezerano y’ubwishingizi; rwategetse kandi ko SANLAM igomba kwishyura igihembo cya Avoka n’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza bingana na 600.000 Frw. Yose hamwe akangana na 3.900.000 Frw. Rwasobanuye ko amasezerano y’ubwishingizi yagarutsweho hejuru ariyo agomba gukoreshwa kuko nta mpamvu ihari yatuma yirengagizwa, ko Sebyuje Cyprien ari mu mubare w’abantu icyenda (9) bafatiwe ubwishingizi muri ayo masezerano. [8] Ku wa 22/03/2024, Sebyuje Cyprien yandikiye Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire asaba gusuburishamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane urubanza No RCA 00096/2022/HC/KIG, rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 22/02/2022. Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire amaze gusuzuma ubwo busabe, yasabye Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ko urwo rubanza rusibirishwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane, amaze gusuzuma raporo yarukorewe, mu cyemezo N°198/CJ/2024 cyo ku wa 31/10/2024, yemeje ko rwongera kuburanishwa n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga, rwandikwa kuri Nº RS/INJUST/RC 00021/2024/SC. [9] Sebyuje Cyprien yasobanuye ko akarengane ke gashingiye ku kuba Urukiko rubanza rwaremeje ko ahabwa indishyi hashingiwe ku masezerano y’ubwishingizi, kandi yari mu modoka yakoze impanuka nk’umugenzi, akaba asanga yaragombaga kubarirwa indishyi hashingiwe ku Iteka rya Perezida Nº 31/01 ryo ku wa 25/08/2003 rishyiraho uburyo bwo kwishyura indishyi ku bubabare bw'umubiri buturutse ku mpanuka zitewe n’ibinyabiziga. SANLAM yo ivuga ko Sebyuje Cyprien akwiye kubarirwa indishyi hashingiwe ku masezerano y’ubwishingizi bwafashwe na Ntabanganyimana Sylvère, kuko yakoze impanuka ari mu kazi. [10] Urubanza rwaburanishijwe mu ruhame ku wa 02/06/2025, Sebyuje Cyprien ahagarariwe na Me Uwiragiye Pierre Célestin, SANLAM ihagarariwe na Me Niyondora Nsengiyumva na Me Nkeza Sempundu Clément naho Ntabanganyimana Sylvere ahagarariwe n’umugore we Nyiranzabahimana Josepha nawe ahagarariwe na Me Niyonsaba Théoneste. Ababuranyi bagiye impaka ku kibazo cyo kumenya indishyi Sebyuje Cyprien agomba guhabwa n’uko zigomba kubarwa n’ikibazo cyo kumenya ishingiro ry’indishyi zisabwa muri uru rubanza. Urubanza rwarapfundikiwe ababuranyi bamenyeshwa ko ruzasomwa ku wa 11/07/2025. II. IBIBAZO BIGIZE URUBANZA N’ISESENGURWA RYABYO 1) Kumenya indishyi Sebyuje Cyprien wakomerekeye mu mpanuka yo ku wa 01/02/2020 agomba guhabwa n’uko zigomba kubarwa [11] Me Uwiragiye Célestin uhagarariye Sebyuje Cyprien avuga ko indishyi zisabwa zigomba gushingira ku Iteka rya Perezida aho gushingira ku masezerano y’ubwishingizi yabaye hagati ya nyir’imodoka yakoze impanuka na SANLAM, kuko ayo masezerano atamureba, kuko atari umukozi kuri iyo modoka.

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[12] Akomeza asobanura ko Sebyuje Cyprien asaba guhabwa indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu 5.107.632 Frw; indishyi z’akababaro 1.080.000 Frw; indishyi z’ibangamira ry’uburanga 216.000 Frw; indishyi zo gutakaza amahirwe yo gushaka 1.080.000 Frw; indishyi z’ibangamira ry’uburambe ku kazi 540.000 Frw; na 690.170 Frw y’isimburangingo. Avuga kandi ko akwiye guhabwa amafranga y’ibyakoreshejwe akurikira: 17.000 Frw yo kwivuza; 11.400 Frw yo kugura inyandiko mvugo y’impanuka; 1.000 Frw y’ibyangombwa by’irangamimerere na 300.000 Frw y’ingendo zo kujya no kuva kwa muganga. [13] Me Niyondora Nsengiyumva na Me Nkeza Sempundu Clément bahagarariye SANLAM bavuga ko Sebyuje Cyprien akwiye kubarirwa indishyi hashingiwe ku masezerano y’ubwishingizi bwafashwe na Ntabanganyimana Sylvère, kuko impanuka yahuye nayo ari iyo mu kazi, asobanura ko ikimenyetso cyabyo ari ubuhamya bwatanzwe na Nzarengerwanimana Pascal, uvuga ko Sebyuje Cyprien yakomerekeye mu modoka yakoze impanuka kandi aje gupakira amatafari. [14] Bakomeza bavuga ko kuba imodoka yateje impanuka yari itwawe na Nshimiyimana Eric adafite uruhushya rwo gutwara ikinyabiziga, ari ikosa rigambiriwe rikuriraho umwishingizi uburyozwe: ibi abishingira ku ngingo ya 124,1°, y’itegeko N° 030/2021 ryo ku wa 30/06/2021 rigenga imitunganyirize y’umurimo w’ubwishingizi, iteganya ko ikigo cy’ubwishingizi gifite uburenganzira bwo kutishyura indishyi iyo igikorwa cyateje cyangwa cyagize uruhare mu kubaho kw’impamvu yishingiwe cyakozwe ku bushake n’umufatabwishingizi, uwishingiwe cyangwa umugenerwabwishingizi. [15] Bakomeje avuga iryo kosa kandi rikuriraho SANLAM uburyozwe ashingiye no kuri jurisprudence yo mu Bubiligi ivuga ko ikosa iryo ari ryo ryose rikozwe n’uwishingiwe rivaniraho umwishingizi uburyozwe bwo kwishyura indishyi. Asoza asaba ko umurongo wafashwe mu rubanza RS/INJUST/RC 00005/2024/SC wahindurwa2. [16] Me Niyonsaba Théoneste avuga ko iyo SANLAM ibona ko nyir’imodoka ari we ukwiye kwishyura Sebyuje Cyprien, iba yarabigaragaje mbere, kuko mu Rukiko Rukuru icyagiweho impaka kwari ukumenya niba Sebyuje Cyprien yakwishyurwa hashingiwe ku Iteka rya Perezida cyangwa ku masezerano Ntabanganyimana Sylvere yagiranye na SANLAM. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [17] Ingingo ya 4 y'ltegeko Teka No 32/75 ryo ku wa 07 Kanama 1975, ryerekeye ubwishingizi butegetswe ku buryozwe butewe n'ibigenzwa ku butaka bifite moteri, nk’uko ryahinduwe, iteganya ko "bashobora kuvanwa mu bwishingizi3 [ buteganyijwe n’iri Tegeko-Teka] ...30 abantu bafite amategeko yihariye areba ibyago batewe n’impanuka y’akazi, uretse igihe bagumanye uburenganzira bwo gukurikirana uwishingiwe”. [18] Iyi ngingo yasesenguwe mu manza zinyuranye zaciwe n’uru Rukiko, zirimo urubanza Nzayikorera Jeanne na bagenzi be na SANLAM AG PLC rwaciwe ku wa 17/01/2025, n’urubanza Kamali na bagenzi be baburanaga na RADIANT INSURANCE COMPANY LTD rwaciwe ku wa

2 RS/INJUST/RC00005/2024/SC ni urubanza rwabaye hagati ya SANLAM AG PLC iburana na Bizimana Védaste, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 28/03/2025. 3 Ntibahabwe indishyi.

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20/06/2025. Muri izi manza, Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwasanze uwakoze impanuka ari mu kazi ku modoka yakomerekeyemo, agomba guhabwa indishyi zishingiye ku masezerano y’ubwishingizi yihariye nyir’imodoka yagiranye n’ikigo cy’ubwishingizi. Amategeko yihariye avugwa muri iyi ngingo ni asanzwe arengera abakozi arimo ay’ubwiteganyirize bw’abakozi cyangwa ubundi bwishingizi bwabafatirwa n’umukoresha wabo, nk’ubwo Ntabanganyimana Sylvère yari yarafashe4. [19] Dosiye y’Urukiko irimo inyandikomvugo y’impanuka yakozwe na Polisi ku wa 02/02/2020, ivuga ko Sebyuje Cyprien yakomeretse ari mu modoka yakoze impanuka; harimo kandi n’ubuhamya bwanditse bwa Nzarengerwanimana Pascal wavuze ko Sebyuje Cyprien yari asanzwe ari umupakizi w’amatafari, akaba yarakomerekeye muri iyo modoka aje kuyapakira; ubu buhamya nta muburanyi wigeze abwanga cyangwa ngo abunenge; uyu mutangabuhamya kandi niwe nyir’ikirombe batwikiragamo ayo matafari bari baje gupakira. [20] Urukiko rusanga muri dosiye harimo na none, amasezerano y’ubwishingizi yafatiwe imodoka yateje impanuka, afite N°330/123/1/030220/2019, hagati ya Ntabanganyimana Sylvère na SANLAM, yari afite agaciro kuva ku wa 12/12/2019 kugeza ku wa 11/03/2020; ateganya ko iki Kigo cy’ubwishishingizi cyishingiye imyanya icyenda (9), mu yandi magambo cyishingiye abantu icyenda (9) bagirira ibyago mu kinyabiziga cyishingiwe. Impande zombi zumvikanye kandi ku ndishyi zizatangwa igihe habayeho ibyago: igihe habaye ibyago bikaviramo umuntu urupfu cyangwa ubumuga buhoraho hazishyurwa 3.000.000 Frw, naho mu gihe habayeho ibyago bikaviramo umuntu gukomereka hazishyurwa gusa 300.000 Frw. [21] Hashingiwe ku bisobanuro byatanzwe, Urukiko rusanga Sebyuje Cyprien yarakoze impanuka ari mu kazi ku modoka yakomerekeyemo, akaba agomba guhabwa indishyi zishingiye ku masezerano y’ubwishingizi yihariye nyir’imodoka yagiranye na SANLAM, aho kuzishingira ku Iteka rya Perezida, bityo rukaba rusanga urubanza RCA00096/2022/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, ku wa 22/02/2022, nta karengane kabayemo. 2. Kumenya ishingiro ry’indishyi zerekeye ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka. [22] Me Uwiragiye Célestin uhagarariye Sebyuje Cyprien asaba ko ahabwa 300.000 Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza na 1.500.000 Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka. [23] Me Nkeza Sempundu Clément uhagarariye SANLAM, avuga ko amafaranga Sebyuje Cyprien asaba nta shingiro akwiye guhabwa kuko nta karengane yagiriwe, kuko dosiye itangira yari yemeye ko nta buryozwe buri kuri SANLAM, bituma agobokesha Ntabanganyimana Sylvere. [24] Akomeza avuga ko ahubwo kuko SANLAM ikomeje gushorwa mu manza ku maherere, isaba guhabwa igihembo cya Avoka kingana na 1.500.000 Frw na 300.000 Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza.

4 Isesengura rirambuye rijyanye n’iyi ngingo ya 4,3°, reba imanza RS/INJUST/RC00008/2024/SC rwaciwe ku wa 17/01/2025, haburana Nzayikorera Jeanne na bagenzi be na SANLAM AG PLC, §34 et suiv.; RS/INJUST/RC00013/2024/SC rwaciwe ku wa 20/06/2025, haburana Kamali na bagenzi be na RADIANT INSURANCE COMPANY LTD, §16.

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[25] Me Uwiragiye Pierre Célestin uhagarariye Sebyuje Cyprien avuga ko indishyi SANLAM isaba nta shingiro zikwiye guhabwa kuko idakwiye kuririra ku kirego cya Sebyuje Cyprien ngo igisabireho indishyi. [26] Me Niyonsaba Theoneste uhagarariye Nyiranzabahimana Josepha asaba ko Sebyuje Cyprien na SANLAM bafatanya kumuha 1.000.000 Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka. [27] Me Uwiragiye Pierre Célestin uhagarariye Sebyuje Cyprien avuga ko yagobokesheje Ntabanganyimana Sylvere kugira ngo aze asobanure ibyerekeye amasezerano yagiranye na SANLAM, ko yakurikiranaga ibyo yemererwa n’amategeko, ko indishyi Nyiranzabahimana Josepha asaba nta shingiro zikwiye guhabwa. [28] Me Nkeza Sempundu Clément uhagarariye SANLAM avuga ko nta ndishyi Nyiranzabahimana Josepha akwiye kuyisaba, kuko itigeze imuzana mu manza kandi ko nyir’imodoka yemeye ko Sebyuje Cyprien yakomeretse ari mu kazi ke. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [29] Urukiko rusanga ingingo ya 111 y’Itegeko N⁰ 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi nk’uko ryahinduwe, iteganya ko ikirego cy’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza ari ikirego gishamikira ku kirego cy’iremezo kigamije kwishyuza ibyakoreshejwe mu rubanza. [30] Rurasanga kuba ikirego cya Sebyuje Cyprien nta shingiro cyahawe, indishyi asaba nta shingiro zikwiye guhabwa; ahubwo rusanga SANLAM ari yo ikwiye guhabwa 1.000.000 Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka agenwe mu bushishozi bw’Urukiko kuko ayo isaba ari menshi, na 300.000 Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza. [31] Rurasanga kuba Ntabanganyimana Sylvère atarazanywe mu rubanza na SANLAM, indishyi Nyiranzabahimana Josepha ayisaba zidakwiye guhabwa ishingiro; rusanga kandi na Sebyuje Cyprien nta ndishyi akwiye kumuriha kuko kumugobokesha byari uburenganzira bwe nka nyir’ikinyabiziga yakomerekeyemo. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [32] Rwemeje ko ikirego cyatanzwe na Sebyuje Cyprien gisaba gusubirishamo ku mpamvu z'akarengane, urubanza No RCA 00096/2022/HC/KIG rwaciwe n'Urukiko Rukuru, ku wa 22/02/2024, nta shingiro gifite. [33] Rwemeje ko nta gihindutse ku mikirize y'urubanza No RCA 00096/2022/HC/KIG rwaciwe n'Urukiko Rukuru, ku wa 22/02/2024. [34] Rutegetse Sebyuje Cyprien guha SANLAM 1.000.000 Frw y'igihembo cya Avoka na 300.000 Frw y’ikukiranarubanza.