NGEZAHOGUHORA v. UBUSHINJACYAHA

# NGEZAHOGUHORA v. UBUSHINJACYAHA

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2025-09-29 - Case/document no.: RPAA 01450/2024/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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NGEZAHOGUHORA v. UBUSHINJACYAHA

[Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RPAA 01450/2024/CA (Kaliwabo, P.J.,) Ku wa 29 Nzeli 2025] Amategeko agenga imiburanishirize y’imanza nshinjabyaha – Icyaha cyo kugurisha ibiyobyabwenge bihambaye – Umucamanza uburanisha urubanza mu mizi niwe ureba agaciro imvugo y’uwiyemerera icyaha mu rwego rw’iperereza ifite, kabone n’iyo nyirayo yageze imbere y’Urukiko akayihindura. Amategeko agenga imiburanishirize y’imanza nshinjabyaha – Ingano y’igihano – Nta kibuza Urukiko rwajuririwe gusuzuma ingano y’igihano no kugena igikwiranye n’uburemere bw’icyaha kabone n’iyo ingingo z’ubujurire zaba zitahawe agaciro. Incamake y’ikibazo: Ngezahoguhora Patrick yafatanwe udupfunyika makumyabiri na tubiri (22 boules) tw’urumogi bivugwa ko arucuruza, nawe akaba yaremeye ko yafashwe amaze kugurisha urumogi rufite agaciro k’amafaranga 12.500. Nyuma y’iperereza Ubushinjacyaha bwareze Ngezahoguhora Patrick mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo rumukurikiranyeho icyaha cyo kugurisha ibiyobyabwenge bihambaye, maze aburana yemera icyaha cyo kunywa ibiyobyabwenge, ahakana icyo kubicuruza. Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo rushingiye ku bimenyetso bigizwe n’imvugo y’ushinjwa wemeye icyaha, rwemeje ko ahamwa n’icyaha cyo kugurisha ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, maze rumuhanisha igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu y’amafaranga miliyoni makumyabiri (20.000.000frw). Ngezahoguhora Patrick yajuririye Urukiko Rukuru avuga ko nta cyaha cyo gucuruza urumogi yakoze ahubwo ko yarufatanwe gusa, avuga kandi ko rwari urwo kunywa, asaba urukiko kumuhindurira inyito y’icyaha maze agahanishwa igihano cyo kunywa urumogi kuko aricyo cyaha yemera kandi asabira imbabazi. Ubushinjacyaha bwasubije buvuga ko ushinjwa yahamijwe icyaha hashingiwe ku bimenyetso byuzuye birimo n’imvugo ye imbere y’Ubugenzacyaha atashoboye kuvuguruza, bityo busaba ko urubanza rwajuririwe rwaguma uko rwaciwe mu ngingo zarwo zose. Urukiko Rukuru, rwasanze nta kosa Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwakoze mu guhamya Ngezahoguhora icyaha cyo kugurisha ibiyobyabwenge kuko ibimenyetso byashingiweho bifite ireme kandi n’imvugo ye yakoreye imbere y’Ubugenzacyaha yemera icyaha nta nenge ifite, maze rwemeza ko ahamwa n’icyaha cyo kugurisha ibiyobyabwenge. Urukiko Rukuru rwasanze kandi ushinjwa akwiye kugabanyirizwa ibihano kuko ari ubwa mbere ahamwe n’icyaha kandi akaba yarafatanwe ingano nto y’ibiyobyabwenge, maze rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 25 mu mwanya w’igifungo cya burundu yahanishijwe ku rwego rwa mbere naho igihano cy’ihazabu ya 20.000.000Frw yahanishijwe kigumaho.

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Ngezahoguhora Patrick yajuririye Urukiko rw’Ubujurire, avuga anenga Urukiko Rukuru ko rwamuhamije icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge nta bimenyetso bikimushinja kuko nta muguzi wafashwe ngo amushinje ko amugurishije urumogi, ko nta mafaranga yagaragajwe y’ikiguzi cy’urumogi, ko udupfunyika tw’urumogi yafatanwe ari utwo kwinywera ku giti cye, avuga kandi ko imvugo yemera icyaha yakoreye mu Bugenzacyaha yabitewe n’inkoni, bityo asaba guhanirwa icyaha cyo gufatanwa no kunywa ibiyobyabwenge kuko aricyo yemera. Uwunganira Ngezahoguhora Patrick mu mategeko avuga ko uyu kuva yafatwa yemeye ko yafatanwe udupfunyika 22 tw’urumogi two kwikoreshereza ku giti cye (kunywa), kandi ko n’ubushinjacyaha butagaragaza umuguzi yarugurishaga n’amafranga yarugurishije, ko ingano ntoya y’udupfunyika yafatanwe itamushyira mu barucuruza, bityo asaba uru rukiko kumuhindurira inyito y’icyaha no kumuhanira icyaha cyo gufatanwa ibiyobyabwenge kuko aricyo gifitiwe ibimenyetso. Uhagarariye ubushinjacyaha avuga ko nta nenge iboneka mu bimenyetso byashingiweho uregwa ahamwa n’icyaha cyo kugurisha ibiyobyabwenge kuko mu bimenyetso byashingiweho harimo n’imvugo ye yemera icyaha yakoreye imbere y’Ubugenzacyaha, imvugo y’abatangabuhamya n’inyandikomvugo y’ifatira ry’urumogi, bityo asaba ko urubanza rwajuririwe rwahamishwaho mu ngingo zarwo zose. Incamake y’icyemezo: 1. Umucamanza uburanisha urubanza mu mizi niwe ureba agaciro imvugo y’uwiyemerera icyaha mu rwego rw’iperereza ifite, kabone n’iyo nyirayo yageze imbere y’Urukiko akayihindura. 2. Nta kibuza Urukiko rwajuririwe gusuzuma ingano y’igihano no kugena igikwiranye n’uburemere bw’icyaha kabone n’iyo ingingo z’ubujurire zaba zitahawe agaciro.

Urubanza rwajuririwe ruhindutse gusa kubirebana n’ibihano. Nta mategeko yashingiweho.

Imanza zifashishijwe: Urubanza RPA 0010/06/CS rw’Ubushinjacyaha na Sgt Ntaganira Eugène alias Barabasi, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 18/07/2008; Urubanza RPAA 00039/2021/CA rw’Ubushinjacyaha na Shakabatenda Jean de Dieu, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 02/07/2021. Urubanza

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I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA

[1] Ku wa 13/02/2020, Ngezahoguhora Patrick ari mu Mudugudu wa Mubuga, Akagali ka Masoro, Umurenge wa Ndera yafatanwe udupfunyika makumyabiri na tubiri (22 boules) tw’urumogi bivugwa ko arucuruza, nawe akaba yaremeye ko yafashwe amaze kugurisha urumogi rufite agaciro k’amafaranga 12.500. [2] Nyuma y’iperereza Ubushinjacyaha bwareze Ngezahoguhora Patrick mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo rumukurikiranyeho icyaha cyo kugurisha ibiyobyabwenge bihambaye, naho Ngezahoguhora Patrick aburana yemera icyaha cyo kunywa ibiyobyabwenge, ahakana icyo kubicuruza, avuga ko imvugo yakoreye imbere y’Ubugenzacyaha yemera icyaha cyo kugurisha ibiyobyabwenge, yabitewe n’inkoni yakubiswe. [3] Mu rubanza RP 00304/2020/TGI/GSBO rwaciwe ku wa 25/02/2021, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo rushingiye ku bimenyetso bigizwe n’imvugo y’ushinjwa wemereye icyaha imbere y’Ubugenzacyaha, imvugo z’abatangabuhamya bamushinja kugurisha ibiyobyabwenge n’inyandiko mvugo y’ifatira ry’urumogi yashyizeho umukono, rwemeje ko Ngezahoguhora Patrick ahamwa n’icyaha cyo kugurisha ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, rumuhanisha igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu y’amafaranga miliyoni makumyabiri (200.000.00frw). [4] Ngezahoguhora Patrick yajuririye Urukiko Rukuru avuga ko nta cyaha cyo gucuruza urumogi yakoze ahubwo ko yarufatanwe gusa kandi ko rwari urwo kunywa yari amaze kugura n’uwitwa Ntiyamira. Asaba urukiko kumuhindurira inyito y’icyaha agahanishwa kunywa urumogi kuko aricyo cyaha yemera kandi asabira imbabazi. [5] Ubushinjacyaha bwasubije buvuga ko ushinjwa yahamijwe icyaha hashingiwe ku bimenyetso byuzuye birimo n’imvugo ye imbere y’Ubugenzacyaha atashoboye kuvuguruza, busaba ko urubanza rwajuririwe rwaguma uko rwaciwe mu ngingo zarwo zose. [6] Mu rubanza RPA 00498/2021/HC/KIG rwaciwe ku wa 12/11/2024, Urukiko Rukuru, rwasanze nta kosa Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwakoze mu guhamya Ngezahoguhora icyaha cyo kugurisha ibiyobyabwenge kuko ibimenyetso byashingiweho bifite ireme kandi ko n’imvugo ye yakoreye imbere y’Ubugenzacyaha yemera icyaha nta nenge ifite, rwemeza ko Ngezahoguhora Patrick ahamwa n’icyaha cyo kugurisha ibiyobyabwenge. Rwasanze ushinjwa akwiye kugabanyirizwa ibihano kuko ari ubwa mbere ahamwe n’icyaha kandi akaba yarafatanwe ingano nto y’ibiyobyabwenge, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 25 mu mwanya w’igifungo cya burundu yahanishijwe ku rwego rwa mbere naho igihano cy’ihazabu ya 20.000.000Frw yahanishijwe kigumaho. [7] Ngezahoguhora Patrick yajuririye Urukiko rw’Ubujurire , Urubanza ruhabwa RPAA 01450/2024/CA, iburanisha ribera mu ruhame kuwa 11/9/2025, Ngezahoguhora Patrick yunganiwe na Me Shema T.Gerarld naho Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na Mbaragijimana Désiré, Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’Igihugu.

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[8] Mu mwanzuro w’ubujurire, Ngezahoguhora Patrick yunganiwe na Me Shema T. Gerard anenga Urukiko Rukuru ko rwamuhamije icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge nta bimenyetso bikimushinja kuko nta muguzi wafashwe ngo amushinje ko amugurishije urumogi, ko nta mafaranga yagaragajwe y’ikiguzi cy’urumogi, ko udupfunyika 22 tw’urumogi yafatanwe ari utwo kwinywera ku giti cye. Avuga ko imvugo yemera icyaha yakoreye mu Bugenzacyaha yabitewe n’inkoni, asaba guhanirwa icyaha cyo gufatanwa no kunywa ibiyobyabwenge kuko aricyo yemera. [9] Uhagarariye ubushinjacyaha avuga ko nta nenge iboneka mu bimenyetso byashingiweho Ngezahoguhora ahamwa n’icyaha cyo kugurisha ibiyobyabwenge kuko mu bimenyetso byashingiweho harimo n’imvugo ye yemera icyaha yakoreye imbere y’Ubugenzacyaha, imvugo y’abatangabuhamya n’inyandikomvugo y’ifatira ry’urumogi, asaba ko urubanza rwajuririwe rwahamishwaho mu ngingo zarwo zose. [10] Urukiko rurasuzuma niba harakozwe ikosa mu isesengurwa ry’ibimenyetso ryatumye Ngezahoguhora ahamwa n’icyaha cyo kugurisha ibiyobyabwenge mu mwanya wo guhanirwa icyo kubifatanwa no kubinywa. II. ISESENGURA RY’IKIBAZO KIGIZE URUBANZA

Kumenya niba harakozwe ikosa mu isesengurwa ry’ibimenyetso ryatumye Ngezahoguhora ahamwa n’icyaha cyo kugurisha ibiyobyabwenge mu mwanya wo guhanirwa icyo kubifatanwa no kubinywa [11] Mu mwanzuro w’ubujurire no mu miburanire ye Ngezahoguhora Patrick anenga Urukiko Rukuru ko rwamuhamije icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge bihambaye byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi nta bimemenyetso bikimushinja, kuko nta mutangabuhamya wafatiwe iwe arugura, nta cyuho yafatiwemo ndetse nta n’amafranga yakorewe inyandikomvugo y’ifatira avuye mu bucuruzi aregwa. [12] Akomeza avuga ko udupfunyika 22 tw’urumogi ari ingano nto cyane ku buryo itaba igishoro cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge. Ku birebana n’imvugo ye mu Bugenzacyaha, avuga ko ukwemera icyaha biba ikimenyetso iyo byakorewe imbere y’Urukiko, bityo ko Urukiko rwagombaga gukurikiza umurongo watanzwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga mu rubanza RPAA 0057/015/CS rwaciye ku wa 11/05/2018 rugatesha agaciro imvugo y’umuburanyi wiyemereye icyaha atakoze, bityo ko nawe atahamwa n’icyaha hashingiye ku mvugo yemereye imbere y’Ubugenzacyaha kubera agahato yashyizweho, asaba guhindurirwa inyito y’icyaha agahanirwa gufatanwa no kunywa ibiyobyabwenge kuko aricyo cyaha yakoze. [13] Me Shema T. Gerard wunganira Ngezahoguhora Patrick avuga ko uyu kuva yafatwa yemeye ko yafatanwe udupfunyika 22 tw’urumogi two kwikoreshereza ku giti cye (kunywa), ko n’ubushinjacyaha butagaragaza umuguzi yarugurishaga n’amafranga yarugurishije, ko ingano ntoya y’udupfunyika yafatanwe itamushyira mu barucuruza na cyane ko atashoboraga kubona umwanya wo kurucuruza kuko yari afite akazi kamuhemba neza kandi katamuha akanya ko gukora indi mirimo. Akomeza avuga ko bitari gushoboka ko Ngezahoguhora ahabwa akazi ko gucuruza udupfunyika 32 ku gihembo cy’amafaranga 6000 mu gihe ibyo acuruza ubwabyo bitagejeje kuri

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ako gaciro. Asaba uru rukiko kumuhindurira inyito y’icyaha no kumuhanira icyaha cyo gufatanwa ibiyobyabwenge kuko aricyo gifitiwe ibimenyetso. [14] Uhagarariye ubushinjacyaha avuga ko Ngezahoguhora yafashwe ku makuru inzego z’umutekano zari zifite ko agurisha urumogi, ko yasatswe bakamusangana udupfunyika 22 tw’urumogi kandi ubwe akiyemerera ko arucuruza ndetse n’aho aruvana, ko nta bimenyetso atanga by’uko yemejwe n’inkoni. Akomeza avuga ko imvugo z’ushinjwa zuzuzwa n’iz’abatangabuhamya bamushinja aribo Niyomugabo Fidèle na Ntukabumwe François. [15] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko, mu rubanza RPAA 0005/13/CS rwaciwe ku wa 09/12/2016, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Siborurema Emmanuel alias Mutuye, Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwatanze umurongo ko nta kibuza Urukiko guha agaciro imvugo y’ushinjwa yemereye icyaha mu nzego z’iperereza kabone n’iyo yayivuguruza mu Rukiko, mu gihe cyose rusanga ihuje n’ukuri; asaba Urukiko kugumishaho icyemezo Ngezahoguhora yafatiwe mu ngingo zacyo zose. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA

1.Ku birebana n’agaciro k’imvugo yemera icyaha mu nzego z’iperereza [16] Ikibazo cyo kumenya agaciro gahabwa imvugo yemera icyaha yakozwe n’ushinjwa mu nzego z’iperereza hanyuma akisubiraho, Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwagitanzeho umurongo mu rubanza RPA 0010/06/CS rwaciwe ku wa 18/07/2008 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Sgt Ntaganira Eugène alias Barabasi, aho rwemeje ko Umucamanza uburanisha urubanza mu mizi ariwe ureba agaciro imvugo y’uwiyemerera icyaha mu rwego rw’iperereza ifite, kabone n’iyo nyirayo yageze imbere y’Urukiko akayihindura. [17] Urukiko rurasanga, mu guhamya Ngezahoguhora icyaha cyo kugurisha ibiyobyabwenge, Urukiko rwarashingiye ku mvugo z’abatangabuhamya Niyomugabo Fidele na Ntukabumwe François bamusanganye urumogi mu myenda, rushingira no ku mvugo ye yavugiye imbere y’Ubugenzacyaha yemera icyaha ndetse asobanura ko akazi yagahawe na Ntiyamira wamwemereye igihembo cya 6.000Frw kandi akaba yari amaze gucuruza urumogi rufite agaciro ka 12.5000Frw. [18] Urukiko rurasanga Ngezahoguhora Patrick uvuga ko yemeye icyaha ku gahato aterekana ikimenyetso kiruhamiriza ko yashyizweho agahato, ahubwo imvugo ye mu Bugenzacyaha ikaba isobanura byimbitse imikorere y’icyaha, aho avana urumogi, ibyo amaze gucuruza, n’igihembo yari ategereje kuri Ntiyamira wamuhaye akazi. Rurasanga kandi imvugo ye ishimangirwa n’ubuhamya bw’abantu bamufashe bakamusangana udupfunyika 22 tw’urumogi twari duhishwe mu myenda ye. Rusanga kandi Ngezahoguhora uvuga ko yaranguriye rimwe udupfunyika 22 two gukoresha ku giti cye, uyu adasobanura impamvu yatumye twose atujyana mu kazi aho akora kandi avuga ko twari utwo kuzakoresha mu gihe kirekire. [19] Ku birebana n’imvugo ya Ngezahoguhora n’umwunganira ko ingano y’urumogi yafatanwe ari nto (udupfunyika 22) ku buryo itaba igishoro cyo gucuruza, Urukiko rurasanga nta shingiro ifite kubera ko nawe yemera ko hari urwo yari amaze kugurisha, rufite agaciro ka 12.500Frw,

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byongeye kandi, igihe cyose hari ibimenyetso byemeza ko ushinjwa agurisha ibiyobyabwenge, biba bitakiri ngombwa gushingira ku ngano y’ibyo afatanwe. [20] Urukiko rurasanga kandi, kuba nta muguzi wafashwe agura ibiyobyabwenge cyangwa ngo hagaragazwe ikiguzi cyavuye mu biyobyabwenge, ibyo ntibibuza ko ushinjwa ahamwa n’icyaha cyo kugurisha ibiyobyabwenge igihe cyose hari ibindi bimenyetso byemeza ko uwafatanwe ibiyobyabwenge yari yiteguye kuruha uwo ariwe wese urukeneye. Ikigaragaza ko Ngezahoguhora yari yiteguye gukwirakwiza ibiyobyabwenge yafatanwe n’imvugo ye bwite ivuga ko arugurisha kandi ko hari urwo yari yamaze kugurisha. [21] Hashingiwe ku bisobanuro bivuzwe haruguru, Urukiko rurasanga nta kosa Urukiko rwakoze mu guhamya Ngezahoguhora icyaha cyo kugurisha ibiyobyabwenge kuko rwashingiye ku bimenyetso bifite ireme, ubujurire bwe bugamije guhindurirwa inyito y’icyaha bukaba nta shingiro bufite. 2.Ku birebana n’ingano y’igihano [22] Ngezahoguhora Patrick yunganiwe na Me Shema T. Gerard yaburanye asaba guhanishwa igifungo kitarenze cy’imyaka 2 cyagenewe icyaha cyo gufatanwa no kunywa ibiyobyabwenge naho Ubushinjacyaha busaba ko ahamishwa ku gifungo cy’imyaka 25 n’ihazabu ya 20.000.000Frw kuko ubujurire bwe nta shingiro bufite. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [23] Ku birebana n’ububasha bw’urukiko mu kugena igihano, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwabitanzeho umurongo mu rubanza RPAA 00039/2021/CA rwaciye ku wa 02/07/2021 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Shakabatenda Jean de Dieu aho rwemeje ko nta kibuza Urukiko rwajuririwe gusuzuma ingano y’igihano no kugena igikwiranye n’uburemere bw’icyaha kabone n’iyo ingingo z’ubujurire zaba zitahawe agaciro. [24] Kuba Urukiko Rukuru rwarahaye agaciro impamvu nyoroshyacyaha zirimo ingano nto y’ibiyobyabwenge Ngezahoguhora yafatanwe no kuba aribwo bwa mbere aguye mu cyaha ku buryo buzwi ariko rukamuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 25 n’ihazabu ya 20.000.000Frw, Urukiko rurasanga igabanyagihano ryatanzwe ridahagije, ushinjwa akaba agomba kugabanyirizwa bihagije, hitawe ku bihano byahawe abandi bantu bakoze icyaha gifitanye isano n’icyo ashinjwa ndetse baburanye ku buryo bumwe. [25] Mu rubanza RPAA 00722/2024/CA rwaciwe n’uru Rukiko ku wa 16/5/2024, Mushinzimana Jean Pierre wahamwe no kugurisha ibiyobyabwenge bingana n’udupfunyika 37 kandi nawe akaba yaraburanye ahakana icyaha, ari n’ubwa mbere aguye mu cyaha, uru Rukiko rwamuhanishije igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’irindwi (17 ans) n’ihazabu ya 5.000.000frw. [26] Mu rwego rwo gutanga ubutabera bubereye ku bantu bakoze icyaha ku buryo bumwe, nk’uko biteganywa n’ingingo ya 15 y’Itegeko Nshinga ry’uRwanda, Urukiko rurasanga Ngezahoguhora Patrick nawe agomba guhanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’irindwi ( 17ans) n’ihazabu ingana n’amafaranga 5.000.000 mu mwanya w’igifungo cy’imyaka 25 n’ihazabu y’amafaranga 20.000.000 yahanishijwe mu rubanza rujuririrwa.

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III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [27] Rwemeje ko urubanza RPA 00498/2021/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 12/03/2024, ruhindutse gusa ku birebana n‘ibihano. [28] Rwemeje ko Ngezahoguhora Patrick ahanishwa igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’irindwi (17ans) no gutanga ihazabu y’amafaranga miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000Frw) kubw’icyaha cyo kugurisha ibiyobyabwenge bihambaye byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, yahamijwe. [29] Rutegetse ko Ngezahoguhora Patrick asonerwa amagarama y'urubanza kuko yaburanye afunzwe.