UBUSHINJACYAHA v BAGANIZI

# UBUSHINJACYAHA v BAGANIZI

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2025-10-20 - Case/document no.: RPAA 01096/2024/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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UBUSHINJACYAHA v BAGANIZI [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE - RPAA 01096/2024/CA (Rugabirwa, P.J.) 20 Ukwakira 2025] Amategeko agenga imanza z’inshinjabyaha – Ubwicanyi - Umugambi wo kwica - Umugambi wo kwica ugaragazwa n’icyakoreshejwe (intwaro ishobora kwica) mu gukubita no ku gice cy’umubiri cyakubiswe (mu cyico). Amategeko agenga imanza z’inshinjabyaha – Ibihano – Igabanyagihano – Kugabanyirizwa ibihano – Igihe ubujurire nta shingiro bufite - Nubwo impamvu z’ubujurire zaba zitahawe ishingiro, umucamanza w’ubujurire, ku rwego urwo ari rwo rwose, ashobora kugabanyiriza uregwa igihano hagamijwe gutanga igihano gihwanye n’uburemere bw’icyaha, uburyo cyakozwemo n’uko uwagikoze yari asanzwe yitwara. Incamake y’ikibazo: Ku wa 16/04/2021, saa kumi za mu gitondo, ubwo Baganineza yari agemuriye mushiki we wari urwaye kwa muganga yageze ku irimbi ahahurira n’umusaza witwa Bimenyimana, amwambura inkoni yari afite ayimuhondaguza mu mutwe, avuza induru abaje gutabara basanga yamaze kumunogonora aryamye hasi. Bamujyanye kwa muganga ariko yagezeyo yapfuye. Baganizi yakorewe dosiye Ubushinjacyaha bumurega mu Rukiko rwisumbuye rwa Ngoma icyaha cy’ubwicanyi rusaba ko cyamuhama akagihanirwa. Uregwa yaburanye yemera icyaha avuga ko yahuriye na nyakwigendera ku irimbi ashaka kumwambura igare, akeka ko ari umuzimu niko kumwambura inkoni yari afite arayimukubita mu mutwe ahita agwa hasi. Urukiko rwasanze uregwa ahamwa n’icyaha cy’ubwicanyi, rumukatira igifungo cya burundu. Uyu yajuririye icyo cyemezo mu Rukiko rukuru asaba kugabanyirizwa igihano kuko yaburanye yemera icyaha kandi akaba yaragikoze atabigambiriye. Urukiko rukuru rwasanze ubujurire bwe nta shingiro bufite rwemeza ko ntagihindutse ku rubanza rwajuririwe. Uregwa yongeye kujurira mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire asaba ko inyito y’icyaha ashinjwa yahinduka. Urukiko rwasuzumye ikibazo cyo kumenya niba Urukiko Rukuru rwarakoze ikosa mu guhamya Baganineza Daniel icyaha cy’ubwicanyi buturutse ku bushake. Baganineza avuga ko inyito y’icyaha yahamijwe ikwiye guhinduka agahamwa n’icyaha cy’ubwicanyi budaturutse ku bushake, agahanishwa igihano giteganyirijwe icyo cyaha kuko nubwo yishe nyakwigendera atari yabigambiriye dore ko bahuriye ku irimbi agemuriye mushiki we wari urwaye akamwikangamo umuzimu bigatuma amukubita inkoni mu mutwe aribyo byamuviriyemo gupfa. Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko inyito y’icyaha uregwa yahamijwe itahinduka, kuko yakoze icyaha cy’ubwicanyi buturutse ku bushake, kandi ko atagabanyirizwa ibihano, kubera ko atemera icyo cyaha yakoze. Incamake y’icyemezo: 1. Umugambi wo kwica ugaragazwa n’icyakoreshejwe (intwaro ishobora kwica) mu gukubita no ku gice cy’umubiri cyakubiswe (mu cyico);

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2. Nubwo impamvu z’ubujurire zaba zitahawe ishingiro, umucamanza w’ubujurire, ku rwego urwo ari rwo rwose, ashobora kugabanyiriza uregwa igihano hagamijwe gutanga igihano gihwanye n’uburemere bw’icyaha, uburyo cyakozwemo n’uko uwagikoze yari asanzwe yitwara Ubujurire nta shingiro bufite; Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ingingo ya 107; Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange. Imanza zifashishijwe: RPAA 0110/10/CS, Ubushinjacyaha na Uwamurengeye, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 31/01/2014; RPAA 00829/2024/CA, Ubushinjacyaha na Ngiruwonsanga Emmanuel, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 28/03/2025; RPAA 00181/2024/CA, Ubushinjacyaha na Twizerane Alphonse, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 25/04/2025; RPAA 00048/2020/CA, Ubushinjacyaha na Bimenyimana Jean Paul, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 26/05/2022. Inyandiko z’abahanga zifashishijwe: Likulia Bolongo, Droit Pénal Spécial Zaïrois, Paris, LGDJ, T1, 1985, p.52. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA

[1] Ubushinjacyaha bwakurikiranyeho Baganineza Daniel icyaha cy’ubwicanyi, kubera ko ku wa 16/04/2021, saa kumi za mu gitondo, yahuriye n’umusaza witwa Bimenyimana Mathieu mu nzira, amwaka inkoni yicumbaga dore ko yari asanzwe afite ubumuga bwo kutagenda neza, ayimuhondaguza mu mutwe arawujanjagura ngo azi ko akubita igini kuko bahuriye ku irimbi ashaka kumwambura igare rye, abaturage baratabara, ariko bagejeje Bimenyimana Mathieu ku Kigo Nderabuzima yamaze gupfa. Baganineza Daniel yaburanye yemera icyaha anagisabira imbabazi. [2] Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Ngoma rwaregewe, rushingiye ku mvugo ya Baganineza Daniel wemeye icyaha, ku iz’abatangabuhamya bamushinja barimo Gatete Zéphanie wemeje ko yari agiye ku isoko yagera ku irimbi agasanga Baganineza Daniel arimo gukubita umuntu avuga ko ari igini, ku nyandikomvugo y’ifatira y’inkoni yakubiswe nyakwigendera agashiramo umwuka no kuri raporo y’Inzego z’ibanze yemeza ko zamenyeshejwe ko Bimenyimana Mathieu yakubiswe agapfa kandi ko n’uwamukubise ari Baganineza Daniel, rwaciye urubanza nº RP

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00538/2020/TGI/NGOMA ku wa 20/05/2021, rwemeza ko Baganineza Daniel ahamwa n’icyaha cy’ubwicanyi, rumuhanisha igifungo cya burundu. [3] Baganineza Daniel yajuririye urwo rubanza mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana, avuga ko akwiye kugabanyirizwa ibihano birebire yahawe kuko yaburanye yemera icyaha, kandi ko yagikoze atakigambiriye. Naho uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko Baganineza Daniel atagabanyirizwa ibihano kubera uburemere bw’icyaha yakoze akigambiriye. [4] Urukiko Rukuru rushingiye ku mvugo za Baganineza Daniel wemeye icyaha mu Nzego z’Iperereza no mu Nkiko yaburaniyemo nubwo avuga ko atari yakigambiriye no ku bimenyetso byatanzwe ku rwego rwa mbere byavuzwe haruguru, rwaciye urubanza nº RPA 00825/2021/HC/RWG ku wa 04/10/2024, rwemeza ko urubanza rwajuririwe rudahindutse, rusobanura ko nubwo yemeye icyaha, atagabanyirizwa ibihano kubera ko yishe umusaza Bimenyimana Mathieu amuhondaguje inkoni mu mutwe kugeza apfuye. [5] Baganineza Daniel yajuririye na none urwo rubanza mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, ubujurire bwe buhabwa Nº RPAA 01096/2024/CA, urubanza rwaburanishijwe mu ruhame ku wa 07/10/2025, Baganineza Daniel yunganiwe na Me Bahati Védaste, naho Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na Niyonkuru Françoise, Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’Igihugu. [6] Mu mwanzuro w’ubujurire no mu miburanire, Baganineza Daniel n’umwunganira bavuga ko inyito y’icyaha yahamijwe ikwiye guhinduka agahamwa n’icyaha cy’ubwicanyi budaturutse ku bushake, agahanishwa igihano giteganyirijwe icyo cyaha. [7] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko inyito y’icyaha Baganineza Daniel yahamijwe itahinduka, kuko yakoze icyaha cy’ubwicanyi buturutse ku bushake, kandi ko atagabanyirizwa ibihano, kubera ko atemera icyo cyaha yakoze. [8] Urukiko rwasuzumye ibibazo bikurikira: Kumenya niba Urukiko Rukuru rwarakoze ikosa ryo guhamya Baganineza Daniel icyaha cy’ubwicanyi, no kumenya niba hari impamvu yatuma agabanyirizwa ibihano.

II.ISESENGURA RY’IKIBAZI KIGIZE URUBANZA

1) Kumenya niba Urukiko Rukuru rwarakoze ikosa mu

guhamya Baganineza Daniel icyaha cy’ubwicanyi buturutse ku bushake

[9] Baganineza Daniel n’umwunganira bavuga ko atagombaga guhamwa n’icyaha cy’ubwicanyi buturutse ku bushake giteganywa kandi kigahanishwa ingingo ya 107 y’Itegeko n° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ko ahubwo yakoze icyaha cyo kwica bidaturutse ku bushake giteganywa n’ingingo ya 111 y’iryo Tegeko, kubera ko atigeze agambirira kwica Bimenyimana Mathieu amukubise inkoni mu mutwe, kuko ntacyo bapfaga, ko ahubwo saa kumi za mu gitondo (4h00) ubwo yari agemuriye mushiki we wari mu bitaro, ageze ku irimbi ahahurira na Bimenyimana Mathieu wamwitambitse afata ipine ry’igare yari atwaye

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ashaka kurimwaka, nawe amwaka inkoni yari afite ayimukubita mu mutwe, agwa hasi, aza gupfira kwa muganga. [10] Uhagahagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko inyito y’icyaha Baganineza Daniel yahamijwe itahinduka kuko yishe nyakwigendera Bimenyimana Mathieu abishaka ubwo yamwakaga inkoni yicumbaga kuko yari asanzwe amugaye, akayimuhondaguza mu mutwe kugeza apfuye avuga ko akubita igini kandi umusaza atigeze umurwanya.

UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA

[11] Ku birebana n’icyaha cy’ubwicanyi, ingingo ya 107 y’Itegeko n° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange nk’uko ryahinduwe kandi ryujujwe kugeza ubu, iteganya ko “Umuntu wica undi abishaka, aba akoze icyaha. Iyo abihamijwe n’urukiko, ahanishwa igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu”. [12] Naho ikibazo cyerekeranye no kumenya niba uregwa yari afite umugambi wo kwica cyatanzweho umurongo n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga mu rubanza Nº RPAA 0110/10/CS rwaciwe ku wa 31/01/2014, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Uwamurengeye. Muri urwo rubanza, urwo Rukiko rwasobanuye ko umugambi wo kwica ugaragazwa n’icyakoreshejwe (intwaro ishobora kwica) mu gukubita no ku gice cy’umubiri cyakubiswe (mu cyico). Uwo murongo ninawo wakomeje gukurikizwa mu manza zaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire nk’urubanza Nº RPAA 00829/2024/CA, rwaciwe ku wa 28/03/2025 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Ngiruwonsanga Emmanuel (igika cya 17). [13] Hari na none umuhanga mu mategeko witwa Likulia Bolongo, mu gitabo cye yise “Droit Pénal Spécial Zaïrois“, wasobanuye ko ubushake bwo kwica bushobora kugaragazwa n’intwaro yakoreshejwe, no ku gice cy’umubiri cyibasiwe nko mu mutwe (mu cyico), no mu mutima1. [14] Naho ku birebana n’icyaha cyo kwica bidaturutse ku bushake, Baganineza Daniel n’umwunganira bashingiraho, ingingo ya 111 y’Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryo kuwa 30/08/2018 ryavuzwe haruguru, iteganya ko “Umuntu wica undi bw’ububuraburyo, uburangare, ubushishozi buke, umwete muke, kudakurikiza amabwiriza cyangwa ubundi buteshuke bwose ariko adafite umugambi wo kumwica, aba akoze icyaha”. Igika cya 2 cy’iyi ngingo giteganya ko “Umuntu uhamijwe n’urukiko gukora icyaha cyo kwica bidaturutse ku bushake ahanishwa igifungo kitari munsi y’amezi atandatu (6) ariko kitarenze imyaka ibiri (2) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga atari munsi y’ibihumbi magana atanu (500.000 Frw) ariko atarenze miliyoni ebyiri (2.000.000 Frw) cyangwa kimwe gusa muri ibyo bihano”.

1 « L’intention homicide peut résulter, soit de l’arme employée (…) telle qu’une arme à feu, comme un revolver (…), une flèche, un gros morceau de bois, un couteau pointu, une machette, soit de l’endroit où le coup a été porté, par exemple l’abdomen, la tête, la poitrine, le poumon, le cœur , soit du degré de la violence ou de sa gravité, soit en fin de l’état physique de la victime…… », par Likulia Bolongo, Droit Pénal Spécial Zaïrois, Paris, LGDJ, T1, 1985, p.52.

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[15] Mu rubanza Nº RPAA 00114/2022/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’ubujurire ku wa 27/01/2023 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Ndayambaje Félicien (igika cya 13), hatanzwe umurongo uvuga ko uregwa icyaha cy’ubwicanyi budaturutse ku bushake, nta bushake bwo gukora igikorwa kibujijwe aba yagize n’ubwo ibikorwa bye bigira ingaruka zitera urupfu. Uwo murongo ninawo wakomeje gukurikizwa mu manza zaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire nk’urubanza Nº RPAA 00262/2022/CA, rwaciwe ku wa 18/05/2023 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Ntibarutaye Guillaume (igika cya 13).

[16] Dosiye igaragaza ko mu Bugenzacyaha, mu Bushinjacyaha ndetse no mu Nkiko yaburaniyemo, Baganineza Daniel yemeye ko yishe Bimenyimana Mathieu, ubwo bahuriraga ku irimbi mu rukerera ari ku igare ajya gusura mushiki we wari urwariye kubitaro, akamwitambika ashaka kurimwambura nawe akamukubita inkoni inshuro 3 mu mutwe ashaka kwitabara kuko yabonaga ari igini, akitura hasi, agapfa, akaba ari nako yabisobanuye muri uru Rukiko ariko ho akongeraho ko inyito y’icyaha yahamijwe yahinduka kicyitwa icyaha cyo kwica umuntu bidaturutse ku bushake, aho kuba icyaha cy’ubwicanyi.

[17] Hari kandi abatangabuhamya barimo Gatete Zéphanie, Bizimana Fidѐle na Manishimwe Théogѐne bahuriza ku kuba barageze ku irimbi, bakahasanga umusore witwa Baganineza Daniel amaze kwica umusaza Bimenyimana Mathieu n’umurambo wa nyakwigendera ugihari ndetse n’uwamwishe agihari.

[18] Hari na none inyandikomvugo y’ifatira y’inkoni yakubiswe nyakwigendera bigatuma apfa nk’uko byanemejwe na raporo y’Inzego z’ibanze igaragaza ko Bimenyimana Mathieu yishwe n’inkoni yakubiswe na Baganineza Daniel.

[19] Hashingiwe ku murongo watanzwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga mu rubanza Nº RPAA 0110/10/CS no ku bimenyetso bimaze kuvugwa haruguru, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga, kuba Baganineza Daniel yarafashe inkoni (intwaro gakondo yica) akayikubita Bimenyimana Mathieu mu mutwe (mu cyico) agahita apfa nk’uko Baganineza Daniel abyiyemerera bikanashimangirwa n’ibimenyetso bimaze kuvuga haruguru birimo ubuhamya bwatanzwe n’abatangabuhamya bavuzwe haruguru, bigaragara ko Baganineza Daniel yari afite ubushake bwo kwica Bimenyimana Mathieu, bityo akaba agomba guhamwa n’icyaha cy’ubwicanyi, aho kuba icyaha cyo kwica bidaturutse ku bushake nk’uko babivuga.

2) Kumenya niba Baganineza Daniel yagabanyirizwa igihano

[20] Baganineza Daniel n’umwunganira bavuga ko akwiye kugabanyirizwa ibihano kubera ko yemeye icyaha cyo kwica bidaturutse ku bushake anagisabira imbabazi kuva mu Nzego z’Iperereza kugera muri uru Rukiko, agahanishwa igifungo kuva ku mezi 6 kugeza ku myaka 2 kubera ko yakoze icyaha afite imyaka 24 y’amavuko.

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[21] Naho uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko Baganineza Daniel atagabanyirzwa ibihano kubera ko atigeze yemera icyaha cy’ubwicanyi buturutse ku bushake yakoranye ubugome bukabije, bityo ko igifungo cya burundu yahanishijwe gikwiye kugumaho, kuko yakoze icyaha ari mukuru kubera ko yari afite imyaka 24 y’amavuko.

UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA

[22] Ingingo ya 2 y’Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, iteganya ko: “Iyo umucamanza yemeje impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, ashobora kugabanya igihano ku buryo bukurikira: (a) igifungo cya burundu gishobora kugabanywa ariko ntikijye munsi y’igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 15“; “(d) igihano cy’ihazabu gishobora kugabanywa kugeza kuri kimwe cya kane cy’igihano cy’ihazabu gito giteganyirijwe icyaha cyakozwe”. [23] Ikibazo cy’uko uregwa agabanyiriza igihano, hagamijwe gutanga igihano gihwanye n’uburemere bw’icyaha kabone n’ubwo impamvu z’ubujurire zaba zitahawe ishingiro, cyatanzweho umurongo mu rubanza Nº RPAA 00039/2021/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 02/07/2021 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Shakabatenda Jean de Dieu mu gika cyarwo cya 38, uwo murongo akaba ari nawo wakomeje gukoreshwa mu manza zaciwe n’uru Rukiko zirimo n’urubanza Nº RPAA 00181/2024/CA, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 25/04/2025 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Twizerane Alphonse (igika cya 16), aho uru Rukiko rwemeje ko n’ubwo impamvu z’ubujurire zaba zitahawe ishingiro, umucamanza w’ubujurire, ku rwego urwo ari rwo rwose, ashobora kugabanyiriza uregwa igihano hagamijwe gutanga igihano gihwanye n’uburemere bw’icyaha, uburyo cyakozwemo n’uko uwagikoze yari asanzwe yitwara2. [24] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga, Baganineza Daniel atagabanyirizwa ibihano hashingiwe ku mpamvu y’uko yemeye icyaha anagisabira imbabazi kubera ko atigeze yemera icyaha cy’ubwicanyi yakoze nk’uko byatanzweho umurongo mu rubanza Nº RPAA 00048/2020/CA rwaciwe ku wa 26/05/2022 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Bimenyimana Jean Paul , aho uru Rukiko rwatanze umurongo uvuga ko ugabanyirizwa ibihano ari uwemeye icyaha ku buryo budashidikanywaho kuva ku rwego rwa mbere kugera muri uru Rukiko, ko ahubwo akwiye kukigabanyirizwa kubera ko ari ubwa mbere akoze icyaha, akaba rero agomba guhanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka 20, aho kuba igifungo cya burundu yahawe mbere, bityo imikirize y’urubanza rwajuririwe ikaba igomba guhinduka ku birebana n’igihano gusa.

III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO

[25] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Baganineza Daniel nta shingiro bufite;

2 Reba n’ingingo ya 49 y’Itegeko nº68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange.

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[26] Rwemeje ko urubanza Nº RPA 00825/2021/HC/RWG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana, ku wa 04/10/2024, ruhindutse gusa ku byerekeye igihano Baganineza Daniel ahanishijwe; [27] Ruhanishije Baganineza Daniel igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri (20).