NIYOYITA v. UBUSHINJACYAHA

# NIYOYITA v. UBUSHINJACYAHA

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2025-10-30 - Case/document no.: RPAA 01351/2024/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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NIYOYITA v. UBUSHINJACYAHA [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RPAA 01351/2024/CA (Kaliwabo, P.J.,) 30 Ukwakira 2025] Amategeko agenga ibimenyetso – Icyaha cyo kugurisha ibiyobyabwenge bihambaye byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi – Ibimenyetso – Urubanza rwajuririwe rugumana agaciro karwo mu ngingo zarwo zose iyo urukiko rwajuririwe rusanze nta nenge irubonekamo. Incamake y’ikibazo: Ubushinjacyaha bwareze Niyoyita Felece mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Muhanga bumushinja icyaha cyo kugurisha ibiyobyabwenge bihambaye byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, aburana ahakana icyaha aregwa, avuga ko abatangabuhamya babajijwe bamubeshyeye, asaba ko yarenganurwa akagirwa umwere kuko nta cyaha yakoze. Urukiko rwemeje ko Niyoyita ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge bihambaye byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, rushingiye ku mvugo z'abatangabuhamya bamushinja kuba baramufatanye udupfunyika 1604, ko hari urumogi basanze iwe, no kuri raporo yakozwe n’ubuyobozi bw’inzego z’ibanze imushinja, rumuhanisha igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu ya 20.000.000Frw. Niyoyita yajuririye Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza avuga ko urukiko rwamuhamije icyaha atakoze rwirengagije ibisobanuro yatanze, bityo asaba kurenganurwa no kugirwa umwere. Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha yasubije avuga ko ubujurire bwa Niyoyita nta shingiro bufite kuko atabasha kugaragaza ibimenyetso bimushinjura. Urukiko Rukuru rwasanze nta kosa ryakozwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye kuko rwashingiye ku bimenyetso bifatika bigizwe n’imvugo z’abatangabuhamya bamwiboneye kandi adashobora kuvuguruza. Bityo, kuba ari ubwa mbere akurikiranywe mu nkiko ku buryo buzwi, akwiye kugabanyirizwa agahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka 17 n’ihazabu ya 5.000.0000Frw ku cyaha cyo kugurisha ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi kimuhama. Niyoyita yajuririye urwo rubanza mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, avuga ko yajuriye agamije gutakambira Urukiko kugira rumurenganure kuko yahaniwe icyaha atakoze , kuko habayeho kumwitiranya n’uwitwa Nyandwi. Ubushinjacyaha bwasubije buvuga ko ubujurire bwa Niyoyita nta shingiro bwahabwa, ko ahubwo abatangabuhamya azana ari abagambiriye kubeshya Urukiko ndetse bivuguruza ku mvugo bavugiye mu Bugenzaccyaha. Urukiko rusuzuma niba Urukiko Rukuru rwarakoze ikosa ryo guhamya Niyoyita Felece icyaha rwirengagije imvugo z’abatangabuhamya bamushinjura ndetse rukamuhana rumwitiranyije na Nyandwi wakoze icyaha. Urukiko rurasanga urubanza RPA 00111/2021/HC/NYZ rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru,Urugereko rwa Nyanza kuwa 21/11/2024, rukwiye kuguma uko rwaciwe mu ngingo zarwo zose.

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Incamake y’icyemezo: Urubanza rwajuririwe rugumana agaciro karwo mu ngingo zarwo zose iyo urukiko rwajuririwe rusanze nta nenge irubonekamo. Imikirize y’urubanza rwajurirwe igumyeho mu ngingo zarwo zose. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko N° 062/2024 ryo ku wa 20/06/2024 rigenga ibimenyetso, ingingo ya 53. Nta manza zifashishijwe. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Kuwa 05/05/2020 saa mbiri za mugitondo (08h00), mu Mudugudu wa Buhoro, Akagari ka Kigembe mu Murenge wa Gacurabwenge, hafatiwe igare rihambiriweho igikapu kirimo udupfunyika 1596 tw’urumogi, hafatirwa n’amakoti 2, inkweto. Uwitwa Uwanyirigira Pierre Claver yahamije ko yiboneye Niyoyita atwaye igare kandi avugana n’umuntu kuri telefoni ko ageze hafi, aketse ko ahetse ibiyobyabwenge amuvugiriza induru, uwitwa Ishimwe Fiston amwirukaho n’igare ariko aramucika, abaturage barahurura batabaza ubuyobozi aribwo bwatwaye ibyafatiriwe. [2] Muri raporo yo ku wa 20/09/2021, ubuyobozi bw’Akagali ka Kigembe buvuga ko nyuma yo kumenya ko Niyoyita ari uwo ku Kayumbu ho mu Murenge wa Musambira ko batanze amakuru kugira ngo ashakishwe. Kuwa 17/05/2021 nibwo Niyoyita yafatiwe iwe mu rugo bivugwa ko afatanwe udupfunyika 8 tw’urumogi, atangira gukurikiranwa no ku rumogi rwafatiwe mu Kagari ka Kigembe. Niyoyita yafashwe ahakana icyaha aregwa, avuga ko ntaho ahuriye n’urumogi rwafatiwe ku igare kuko atigeze agera aho byafatiwe, ko n’urwo yitirirwa rwafatiwe iwe ari abaje gusaka baruzanye. [3] Nyuma y’iperereza, Ubushinjacyaha bwareze Niyoyita Felece mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Muhanga bumushinja icyaha cyo kugurisha ibiyobyabwenge bihambaye byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi. Niyoyita Felece yaburanye ahakana icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge aregwa, asobanura ko abatangabuhamya babajijwe bamubeshyeye kuko basanzwe bafitanye ibibazo by’amasambu, asaba ko yarenganurwa akagirwa umwere kuko nta cyaha yakoze. [4] Mu rubanza RP 00460/2020/TGI/MHG rwaciwe ku wa 20/01/2021 Urukiko rwemeje ko Niyoyita ahamwa n’icyaha cyo Gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge bihambaye byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, rushingiye ku mvugo z'abatangabuhamya bamushinja kuba baramufatanye udupfunyika 1604, ko hari urumogi basanze iwe, no kuri raporo yakozwe n’ubuyobozi bw’inzego z’ibanze imushinja, rumuhanisha igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu ya 20.000.000Frw. [5] Niyoyita Felece yajuririye Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza avuga ko urukiko rwamuhamije icyaha atakoze rwirengagije ibisobanuro yatanze, ruha agaciro gusa ibimenyetso by’Ubushinjacyaha, ko rwitiranyije uwakoze icyaha n’utaragikoze kandi ko aho hantu

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ibiyobyabwenge byafatiwe atahatuye kandi atanahageze, asaba kurenganurwa no kugirwa umwere. [6] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha yasubije avuga ko ubujurire bwa Niyoyita nta shingiro bufite kuko atabasha kugaragaza ibimenyetso bimushinjura, bivuguruza ibyatanzwe n’Ubushinjacyaha, ahanini n’abatangabuhamya bamushinja, raporo yakozwe n’ubuyobozi bw’inzego z’ibanze imushinja gucuruza urumogi, ko uretse kuba ahakana icyaha gusa, nta kindi kimenyetso yerekana kimushinjura. [7] Mu rubanza RPA 00111/2021/HC/NYZ rwaciwe ku wa 21/11/2024, Urukiko Rukuru rwasanze nta kosa ryakozwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye kuko rwashingiye ku bimenyetso bifatika bigizwe n’imvugo z’abatangabuhamya bamwiboneye kandi adashobora kuvuguruza. Rwasanze nyamara, kuba ari ubwa mbere akurikiranywe mu nkiko ku buryo buzwi, akwiye kugabanyirizwa agahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka 17 n’ihazabu ya 5.000.0000Frw ku cyaha cyo kugurisha ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi kimuhama. [8] Niyoyita Felece yajuririye urwo rubanza mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, Urubanza ruhabwa RPAA 01351/2024/CA, iburanisha ribera mu ruhame kuwa 13/10/2025 , Niyoyita yunganiwe na Me Catherine A.Sebazungu naho Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na Butera Oscar, Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’Igihugu. [9] Mu myanzuro y’ubujurire, Niyoyiota avuga ko yajuriye agamije gutakambira Urukiko kugira rumurenganure kuko yahaniwe icyaha atakoze , asobanura ko habayeho kumwitiranya n’uwitwa Nyandwi wari ufite igare ririho igikapu kirimo urumogi nk’uko byemejwe n’uwitwa Ntawiheba Jean Claude, hamwe na Uwanyirigira P.Claver, bakaba barabikoreye inyandiko iriho umukono wa Noteri Nsengimana Anaclet ku italiki ya 01/11/2024. Abatangabuhamya avuga baje imbere y’Urukiko barabazwa. [10] Ubushinjacyaha bwasubije buvuga ko ubujurire bwa Niyoyita nta shingiro bwahabwa, ko ahubwo abatangabuhamya azana ari abagambiriye kubeshya Urukiko ndetse bivuguruza ku mvugo bavugiye mu Bugenzaccyaha. [11] Urukiko rurasuzuma niba Urukiko Rukuru rwarakoze ikosa ryo guhamya Niyoyita Felece icyaha rwirengagije imvugo z’abatangabuhamya bamushinjura ndetse rukamuhana rumwitiranyije na Nyandwi wakoze icyaha. II. ISESENGURA RY’IKIBAZO KIGIZE URUBANZA

Kumenya niba Urukiko Rukuru rwarakoze ikosa ryo guhamya Niyoyita Felece icyaha rwirengagije imvugo z’abatangabuhamya bamushinjura [12] Niyoyita Felece yunganiwe na Me Sebazungu Catherine yajuriye avuga ko yahaniwe icyaha atagizemo uruhare, asobanura ko habayeho kumwitiranya n’uwitwa Nyandwi wari ufite igare ririho igikapu kirimo urumogi nk’uko byemejwe n’uwitwa Ntawiheba Jean Claude hamwe na Uwanyirigira P.Claver, bakaba barabikoreye inyandiko iriho umukono wa Noteri Nsengimana Anaclet ku italiki ya 01/11/2024, ariko Urukiko rukabirengaho rukamuhamya icyaha atakoze.

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[13] Me Catherine A.Sebazungu umwunganira yasabye Urukiko kuzabona ko nta bimenyetso bihagije byatuma ahamwa n’icyaha cyo kugurisha ibiyobyabwenge bityo rukamugira umwere nk’uko rwabigenje mu rubanza RPAA 00737/2021/CA rwaciwe kuwa 16/12/2022 haburana ubushinjacyaha na Uwayisaba Habimana Antoine, aho mu gika cyarwo cya 16-17 rwagize ruti: “ kugira ngo umucamanza afate icyemezo gihamya icyaha, agomba kuba afite ibimenyetso bihamya nta gushidikanya ko ushinjwa ariwe wakoze icyaha, umucamanza agomba gusesengura uruhurirane rw’ibimenyetso, agahamya ushinjwa icyaha mu gihe gusa asanga nta wundi mwanzuro wagerwaho n’isesengura yakoze ”. [14] Niyoyita yasabye Urukiko kwumva abatangabuhamya Ntawiheba Jean Claude hamwe na Uwanyirigira P.Claver kuko baje guhamiriza Urukiko ibyo bavuze mu nyandiko imbere ya Noteri. [15] Urukiko rumaze kwumva indahiro ye ko avugisha ukuri, rwahaye umwanya Uwanyirigira Pierre Claver wavuze ko ku wa 05/05/2021 yiboneye Nyandwi ari ku igare ahetse ibiyobyabwenge, ko yatabaje abantu ariko Nyandwi akabacika, hanyuma ibiyobyabwenge n’igare bigashyikirizwa ubuyobozi bw’Akagali ka Kigembe. Uwanyirigira yabajijwe niba nta handi yigeze atanga ubuhamya kuri Niyoyita avuga ko ntaho uretse imbere ya Noteri kandi abisabwe n’ubwunganizi bw’ushinjwa. [16] Urukiko rwasomeye Uwanyirigira ubuhamya yatanze mu Bugenzacyaha ashinja Niyoyita, bumusaba kubihuza n’ibyo avugiye mu Rukiko, asubiza ko atibukaga ko hari ubundi buhamya yatanze kandi ko abisabira imbabazi. [17] Ntawiheba Jean, nawe amaze kurahirira kuvugisha ukuri, yavuze ko yari mu bantu batabaye ubwo Uwanyirigira yavuzaga induru kandi ko uwo bafashe ari Nyandwi waruhetse ibiyobyabwenge ku igare. Yabajijwe kugira icyo avuga ku buhamya bwa Uwanyirigira wahamije imbere y”ubugenzacyaha ko uwo yabonye ari Niyoyita avuga ko ntacyo abiziho. [18] Ubushinjacyaha bwireguye buvuga ko Niyoyita yahamijwe icyaha hashingiwe ku buhamya bw’abantu benshi bamushinja harimo na Uwanyirigira watanze ubuhamya burambuye mu Bugenzacyaha, ko uyu yabeshye imbere ya Noteri n’imbere y’uru Rukiko agambiriye gushinjura Niyoyita ndetse uyu mugambi akawufatanya na Ntawiheba, busaba ko ubuhamya bwabo bwateshwa agaciro. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [19] Ingingo ya 53 y’Itegeko N° 062/2024 ryo ku wa 20/06/2024 rigenga ibimenyetso iteganya ko Urwego rufite ububasha arirwo rusuzuma ukwemerwa cyangwa ukutemerwa n’agaciro by’ikimenyetso gishingiye ku buhamya. Ntirwita ku mubare w’abatangabuhamya, ahubwo rwita cyane ku bumenyi bw’ibyabaye no ku budakemwa bw’ubuhamya batanga. [20] Dosiye igaragaza ko Ubugenzacyaha, mu iperereza ryabwo, bwabajije abatangabuhamya bakurikira: Minani Elissa, Herezo Timothée, Ishimwe Fiston, Uwanyirigira Pierre Claver na Rutagengwa Martin, aba bose bakaba barahurije ku kuba Niyoyita ariwe wafatanywe igare ritwaye ibiyobyabwenge, agata igare n’umutwaro uririho ndetse n’amakoti abiri n’inkweto, agacika abamwirukankanye.

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[21] Rurasanga by’umwihariko Uwanyirigira Pierre Claver, mu ibazwa rye ryo ku wa 20/5/2020 imbere y’Ubugenzacyaha, uyu yarasobanuye uburyo yabonye Niyoyita ku igare ahetse igikapu kandi avugana n’umuntu kuri telefoni ko ageze hafi, ko yavugije induru kubera ko yamukekagaho kugurisha ibiyobyabwenge, ko umuntu wa mbere watabaye ari Ishimwe Fiston nawe wamwirukankanye n’igare akamwitambika imbere ariko ushinjwa akamurusha imbaraga agacika asize igare rye n’urumogi rwari mu dufuka 2 natwo twari mu gikapu. [22] Iyi mvugo ye ishimangirwa n’iya Ishimwe Fiston usobanura ku buryo bumwe n’ubwavuzwe na Uwanyirigira, uyu akaba avuga ko yirukankanye Niyoyita akamwitambika imbere n’igare, uburyo Niyoyita yavuye ku igare akiruka ariko agasiga amakoti ye kuko Ishimwe yari yamufashe. Rurasanga aba bombi bavuga ibyo biboneye kandi bakaba bari basanzwe bazi Niyoyita ku buryo batagombaga kumwitiranya n’undi muntu. [23] Urukiko rurasanga ubuhamya bwa Uwanyirigira yatangiye imbere ya Noteri abisabwe n’uruhande rw’ushinjwa n’ubwo yatangiye muri uru Rukiko ari ibinyoma kuko ubwe yabeshye urukiko ko nta bundi buhamya yamutanzeho kugeza asomewe ubwo yatangiye mu Bugenzacyaha akabisabira imbabazi. Rurasanga imvugo yuko Nyandwi ari we wafatanywe ibiyobyabwenge ari ikinyoma kigambiriwe kuko Uwanyirigira adasobanura uburyo ki yibeshye kuri Niyoyita kandi amuzi neza, kandi imvugo ye ikanyuranya n’iya Ishimwe nawe wamwiboneye ndetse bakagundagurana kugeza amwishikuje agata imyenda ye. [24] Rurasanga umutangabuhamya Rutagengwa nawe yarahamije ko yabyutse akumva induru hanyuma akabona Ishimwe Fiston yitambitse Niyoyita ariko uyu akamucika ataye igare rye n’igikapu ryari rihetse, ko Rutagengwa ubwe ariwe wabitse iryo gare kugeza ubuyobozi buje kuritwara, uyu nawe akaba ahuza imvugo na Uwanyirigira na Ishimwe Fiston bose biboneye Niyoyita. [25] Rurasanga n’ubuhamya bwa Ntawiheba Jean Claude nta shingiro bufite kuko ahimba inkuru itandukanye n’ibyo abandi babonye, aho avuga ko yumvise induru akava mu kazi yarimo, hamwe akavuga ko yiboneye Nyandwi yiruka n’igare ahandi akavuga ko yasanze abaturage bafashe igare naho Nyandwi yabacitse yagiye; ikinyoma cye kandi kibonekera mu byo avuga ko mu batabaye na Fiston (Ishimwe) yarimo ariko ko nawe nta gare yari afite, nyamara uretse na Ishimwe ubwe wasobanuye uburyo yirutse kuri Niyoyita afite igare, akamwitambika ku buryo n’igare rye ryahangirikiye, na Uwanyirigira ubwe, mu Bugenzacyaha yahamije ko FISTON yirutse kuri Niyoyita afite igare. Iyi mvugo yasubiwemo na Herezo Timothée na Rutagengwa Martin nabo babonanye FISTON igare kandi ko yirutse kuri Niyoyita. [26] Urukiko rurasanga nta nenge iboneka mu rubanza rwajuririwe n’uburyo rwasesenguye ubuhamya bushinja Niyoyita Felece (Felix) nk’uko bwatanzwe na Minani Elissa, Herezo Timothée, Ishimwe Fiston, Uwanyirigira Pierre Claver na Rutagengwa Martin, kandi ubu buhamya bukaba buhuje n’ukuri kw’ibyabayeho mu gihe ubuhamya Uwanyirigira na Ntawiheba bwatangiwe imbere ya Noteri Nsengimana Anaclet babisabwe n’ubwunganizi bw’ushinjwa n’ubwatangiwe imbere y’uru Rukiko nta gaciro bukwiye guhabwa kuko bwuzuye ibinyoma bigambiriye guhisha ukuri no gushinjura uwamaze guhamwa n’icyaha. [27] Urukiko, rushingiye ku byasobanuwe haruguru, rurasanga urubanza

RPA 00111/2021/HC/NYZ rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru,Urugereko rwa Nyanza kuwa 21/11/2024,

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rukwiye kuguma uko rwaciwe mu ngingo zarwo zose. Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Niyoyita Felece nta shingiro bufite. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [28] Rwemeje ko imikirize y’urubanza RPA 00111/2021/HC/NYZ rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru,Urugereko rwa Nyanza kuwa 21/11/2024, igumyeho mu ngingo zarwo zose . [29] Rwemeje ko Niyoyita Felece ahamishwa ku gihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’irindwi (17ans) no gutanga ihazabu y’amafaranga miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000frw) kubw’icyaha cyo kugurisha ibiyobyabwenge bihambaye byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi yahamijwe. [30] Rutegetse ko Niyoyita Felece asonerwa amagarama y'urubanza kuko yaburanye afunzwe.