UBUSHINJACYAHA v SIBOMANA

# UBUSHINJACYAHA v SIBOMANA

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2025-12-15 - Case/document no.: RPAA 01210/2024/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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UBUSHINJACYAHA v SIBOMANA [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE - RPAA 01210/2024/CA (Nyirandabaruta, P.J.) 15 Ukuboza 2025] Amategeko agenga imiburanishirize y’imanza - Imanza z’inshinjabyaha - Ikoreshwa ry’imirongo – Ihinduka ry’itegeko - Umurongo wari uriho ntushobora gukurikizwa mu gihe itegeko wari ushingiyeho ryavuyeho cyangwa ryahinduwe. Amategeko agenga imanza z’inshinjabyaha – Igabanyagihano – Icyaha gihanishwa igifungo cya burundu ntigishobora kugabanyirizwa igihano hashingiwe ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha ku buryo kijya munsi y’igifungo cy’imyaka 15; kandi n’ihazabu iteganyijwe ntishobora kugabanywa ngo ibe yajya munsi ya kimwe cya kane cy’ihazabu nto iteganyirijwe icyaha. Incamake y’ikibazo: Hashingiwe ku makuru yatanzwe n’abaturage ko Sibomana acuruza urumogi, yaje gufatwa acuruza udupfunyika 385 twarwo, abajijwe yemera icyaha. Ubushinjacyaha bwamureze mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo Gasabo icyaha cyo gutunda, kubika no gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge by’urumogi, bumusabira igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu ya 30.000.000 Frw. Urukiko rwasanze uregwa ahamwa n’cuaha aregwa rumukatira igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 25 n’ihazabu ya 20.000.000 Frw. Uregwa yajuririye icyo cyemezo mu Rukiko Rukuru asaba kugabanyirizwa igihano, urukiko rumugabanyiriza igihano, ahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu ya 5.000.000 Frw. Sibomana yoongeye kujuririra icyo cyemezo asaba kongera kugabanyirizwa, urukiko rusuzuma ikibazo cyo kumenya niba yakongera kugabanyirizwa igihano. Uyu asobanura ko yaburanye yemeye icyaha kuva agifatwa, kuba ari ubwa mbere akoze icyaha ndetse no kuba yaramaze kugororoka akaba atazongera gukora icyaha. Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko ibyo uregwa asaba yabihawe kuko ibihano yahawe aribyo bito Itegeko riteganyiriza icyaha aregwa, ko igihano yahawe kigomba kugumaho kuko nta handi urukiko rwashingira rwongera kukigabanya. Incamake y’icyemezo: 1. Umurongo wari uriho ntushobora gukurikizwa mu gihe itegeko wari ushingiyeho ryavuyeho cyangwa ryahinduwe bityo imanza zose zaciwe mbere y’uko Itegeko nº 59/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura ingingo ya 60 y’Itegeko nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange yateganyaga uburyo bwo kugabanya ibihano risohoka, ntizigikoreshwa 2. Icyaha gihanishwa igifungo cya burundu kidashobora kugabanyirizwa igihano hashingiwe ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha ku buryo kijya munsi y’igifungo cy’imyaka 15; kandi n’ihazabu iteganyijwe ntishobora kugabanywa ngo ibe yajya munsi ya kimwe cya kane cy’ihazabu nto iteganyirijwe icyaha. Ubujurire, nta shingiro bufite. Amategeko yashingiweho:

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Itegeko No 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ingingo ya 49. Imanza zifashishijwe: RPAA 00538/2024/CA, Ubushinjacyaha na Cyuzuzo Jean Claude rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 21/01/2025; RPAA 00048/2020/CA, Ubushinjacyaha na Bimenyimana Jean Paul, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 26/05/2022; RPAA 00769/2024/CA, Ubushinjacyaha na Bizabarimana Cléophas, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 27/05/2025; RPAA 01273/2024/CA, Ubushinjacyaha na Ndikubwimana Jean Damascene, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 18/07/2025. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Ku makuru yatanzwe n’abaturage ko Sibomana Jean Baptiste acuruza urumogi, ku wa 5/11/2021 mu gihe cya 17h20 z’amanywa Sibomana Jean Baptiste ari mu Mudugudu wa Kibaya, Akagari ka Nyamabuye, Umurenge wa Gatsata, yafatanywe udupfunyika 385 tw’urumogi acuruza. [2] Ubushinjacyaha bwamureze mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo icyaha cyo gutunda, kubika no gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge by’urumogi, bumusabira igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu ya 30.000.000 Frw. [3] Sibomana Jean Baptiste yaburanye yemera icyaha agisabira imbabazi. [4] Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo rwaciye urubanza No RP 01706/2021/TGI/GSBO ku wa 18/01/2022, ruhamya Sibomana Jean Baptiste icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, rushingiye ku kuba yarafatiwe mu cyuho afite urumogi udupfunyika 385, afatirwa mu Gatsata avuye kururangura mu Karere ka Gakenke agiye kurucuruza Kimisagara, kuba yemera icyaha aregwa cyo gucuruza urumogi, ku mvugo y’umutangabuhamya NISHIMWE Emmanuel umushinja kuba baramufatanye udupfunyika 385 tw’urumogi ari nawe watanze amakuru no kuba hari inyandikomvugo y’ifatira ry’udupfunyika 385 tw’urumogi uregwa yashyizeho umukono; rumugabanyiriza igihano rushingiye ku kwemera icyaha kwe, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 25 n’ihazabu ya 20.000.000 Frw. [5] Sibomana Jean Baptiste yajuririye Urukiko Rukuru asaba kugabanyirizwa igihano kuko yemera icyaha, Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha ashyigikira ubusabe bwe, avuga ko Sibomana Jean Baptiste yagabanyirizwa igihano hashingiwe ku Itegeko rishya no 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko no 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, cyane cyane ingingo ya 2, (a). [6] Urukiko Rukuru rwaciye urubanza No RPA 00188/2022/HC/KIG, ku wa 30/10/2024, rushingiye ku kuba Sibomana Jean Baptiste yaremeye icyaha mu nzego zose akaba ari nabwo bwa

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mbere aguye mu cyaha, rwamugabanyirije igihano, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu ya 5.000.000 Frw. [7] Sibomana Jean Baptiste yajuririye imikirize y’urwo rubanza mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, urubanza ruhabwa No RPAA 01210/2024/CA, ruburanishwa mu ruhame ku wa 02/12/2025, Sibomana Jean Baptiste yunganiwe na Me Musasangohe Illuminée naho Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na Rudatinya Nyangezi Gaspard, Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’Igihugu. [8] Mu myanzuro y’ubujurire bwe yo ku wa 11/11/2024, no mu miburanire ye, Sibomana Jean Baptiste avuga ko yajuriye atakambira Urukiko ngo ruce inkoni izamba rwongere rumugabanyirize igihano kuko icyo yahawe ari kirekire cyane kandi ari ubwa mbere akoze icyaha, kandi ko afite abana 4 yitagaho kuko maman wabo yapfuye. [9] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko ibyo Sibomana Jean Baptiste asaba yabihawe, kandi igihano yahawe ari cyo gito giteganywa n’itegeko. [10] Hashingiwe kuri izo mpaka Urukiko rurasuzuma niba Sibomana Jean Baptiste yakongera kugabanyirizwa igihano. II. ISESENGURA RY’IKIBAZO KIGIZE URUBANZA Kumenya niba Sibomana Jean Baptiste yakongera kugabanyirizwa igihano [11] Sibomana Jean Baptiste avuga ko yajuriye kugira ngo atakambire Urukiko, arusabe guca inkoni izamba rwongere rumugabanyirize igihano kuko icyo yahawe kiremereye cyane, ari kirekire cyane kandi ari ubwa mbere akoze icyaha akaba yaranaburanye mu nzego zose yemera icyaha, kandi ko yamaze kwicuza no kugororoka ku buryo atazasubira gukora icyaha ukundi. [12] Avuga kandi ko afite abana 4 yasize badafite ubitaho kuko mama wabo yapfuye atakiriho, ubu bakaba babayeho mu buzima butaboroheye kuko n’abigaga batari kwiga neza kubera kubura ibikoresho by’ishuri. [13] Me Musasangohe Illuminée umwunganira avuga ko mu rwego rw’amategeko asanga amategeko yarubahirijwe kuko Sibomana Jean Baptiste yagabanyirijwe igihano kugeza ku gihano gito giteganywa n’itegeko. [14] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko ibyo Sibomana Jean Baptiste asaba yabihawe kuko ibihano yahawe aribyo bito Itegeko riteganyiriza icyaha aregwa, ko igihano yahawe kigomba kugumaho kuko nta handi Urukiko rwashingira rwongera kukigabanya. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [15] Ipfundo ry’ikibazo kiri muri uru rubanza ni ugusuzuma niba bishoboka ko Sibomana Jean Baptiste yakongera kugabanyirizwa ibihano. [16] Ibyerekeranye no kongera kugabanyiriza igihano umuburanyi wahanishijwwe igifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu, ku cyaha yahamijwe itegeko rihanisha igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu

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mu gihe hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, byatanzweho umurongo mu rubanza Nº RPAA 00538/2024/CA, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 21/01/2025, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Cyuzuzo Jean Claude. Muri urwo rubanza, Cyuzuzo Jean Claude wahanishijwe n’Urukiko Rukuru igihano igifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu ya 5,000,000 Frw ku icyaha yahamijwe cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge by’urumogi, yajuririye Urukiko rw’Ubujurire asaba kongera kugabanyirizwa igihano. Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwemeje (igika cya 12 cy’urwo rubanza) ko “mu manza zitandukanye zaciwe ku bahamijwe icyaha cyo gucuruza urumogi bahanishijwe n’Urukiko Rukuru igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu ya 5.000.000 Frw hashingiwe ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha, bakajurira basaba kongera kugabanyirizwa igihano, uru Rukiko rwifashishije ibyemejwe mu rubanza Nº RPAA 00048/2020/CA rwaciye ku wa 26/05/2022 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Bimenyimana Jean Paul1, rwemeje ko imanza zose zaciwe mbere y’uko Itegeko Nº 59/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura ingingo ya 60 y’Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange yateganyaga uburyo bwo kugabanya ibihano risohoka, zitagikoreshwa, maze rwemeza ko icyaha gihanishwa igifungo cya burundu kidashobora kugabanyirizwa igihano hashingiwe ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha ku buryo kijya munsi y’igifungo cy’imyaka 15; kandi ko n’ihazabu iteganyijwe idashobora kugabanywa ngo ibe yajya munsi ya kimwe cya kane cy’ihazabu nto iteganyirijwe icyaha.” Uyu murongo wakoreshejwe mu zindi manza nyinshi zaciwe n’uru Rukiko2. [17] Mu rubanza No RPA 00188/2022/HC/KIG rujuririrwa (igika cya 16), Urukiko Rukuru rushingiye ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha zirimo kuba ari ubwa mbere akurikiranywe mu butabera mu buryo buzwi no kuba yemera icyaha akurikiranweho, rushingiye kandi ku ngingo ya 49, igika cya mbere y’Itegeko No 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange3, mu rwego kandi rwo guhuza igihano n’uburemere bw’icyaha cyakozwe, rwahanishije Sibomana Jean Baptiste igifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu ya 5.000.000Frw. [18] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rushingiye ku murongo wavuzwe haruguru watanzwe mu rubanza Nº RPAA 00538/2024/CA rw’Ubushinjacyaha na Cyuzuzo Jean Claude, rurasanga ibyo Sibomana Jean Baptiste yajuririye uru Rukiko asaba ko yakongera akagabanyirizwa igihano nta shingiro byahabwa kuko igihano yahawe cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 15 kidashobora kongera kugabanywa kuko ari cyo gihano gito Itegeko riteganya kidashobora kujyibwa munsi, ndetse n’ihazabu ya 5.000.000Frw yahanishijwe ariyo nto iteganyirijwe icyaha yahamijwe cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge4.

1 Uru rubanza mu gika cyarwo cya 26 rwasobanuye ibijyanye n’uko Umurongo wari uriho udashobora gukurikizwa mu gihe itegeko wari ushingiyeho ryavuyeho cyangwa ryahinduwe. 2 Urugero: Urubanza Nº RPAA 00769/2024/CA, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 27/05/2025, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Bizabarimana Cléophas (igika cya 30); Urubanza Nº RPAA 01273/2024/CA, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 18/07/2025, Ubushinjacyaha buburana na Ndikubwimana Jean Damascene (igika cya 10); n’izindi. 3 Iteganya ko: «Umucamanza atanga igihano akurikije uburemere bw'icyaha, ingaruka icyaha cyateye, impamvu zatumye agikora, uko uwagikoze yari asanzwe yitwara, imibereho ye bwite n’uburyo icyaha cyakozwemo. 4 Ingingo ya 2, agace ka (a) y’itegeko nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, iteganya ko iyo umucamanza yemeje impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, ashobora kugabanya igihano, igifungo cya burundu kikaba gishobora kugabanywa ariko ntikijye munsi y’igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 15, n’agace ka (d) gateganya ko igihano cy’ihazabu gishobora kugabanywa kugeza kuri kimwe cya kane cy’igihano cy’ihazabu gito giteganyirijwe icyaha cyakozwe .

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[19] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga kandi ibyo Sibomana Jean Baptiste asaba ko yakongera kugabanyirizwa ibihano kugira ngo ajye kurera abana be badafite kirera kubera ko maman wabo yapfuye nabyo nta ntacyo byamumarira kuko nk’uko byasobanuwe mu gika kibanziriza iki, igihano yahawe kidashobora kongera kugabanywa, ikindi kandi nk’uko byatanzweho umurongo mu rubanza Nº RPAA 00282/2024/CA, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 14/02/2025 Ubushinjacyaha buburana na Hirwa Délice (igika cya 18), atakwitwaza ingaruka z’icyaha yakoze ngo azishingireho asabe kugabanyirizwa igihano. [20] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rushingiye kuri ibyo bisobanuro rurasanga ubujurire bwa Sibomana Jean Baptiste nta shingiro bufite, hakaba hagomba kugumaho imikirize y’urubanza No RPA 00188/2022/HC/KIG rwakuririwe. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [21] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwatanzwe na Sibomana Jean Baptiste nta shingiro bufite; [22] Rwemeje ko imikirize y’urubanza No RPA 00188/2022/HC/KIG, rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 30/10/2024 idahindutse, igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15 ans) n’ihazabu ya 5.000.000 Frw Sibomana Jean Baptiste yahanishijwe kigumyeho; [23] Ruvuze ko Sibomana Jean Baptiste asonewe amagarama y’urubanza kuko aburana afunze.