UBUSHINJACYAHA v NGABONZIZA

# UBUSHINJACYAHA v NGABONZIZA

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2025-12-24 - Case/document no.: RPAA 00598/2025/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

## Text

## Page 1

UBUSHINJACYAHA v NGABONZIZA [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE - RPAA 00598/2025/CA (Tugireyezu, P.J.) 24 Ukuboza 2025] Amategeko agenga imanza z’inshinjabyaha – Igabanyagihano - Uwagabanyirijwe igihano kugera ku gihano gito giteganywa n’itegeko ntashobora kongera kugabanyirizwa. Amategeko agenga imanza z’inshinjabyaha – Igabanyagihano – Gusuzuma impamvu nyoroshyacyaha - Mu gihe igihano cy’igifungo uregwa yahawe, aricyo gito itegeko riteganya, nta mpamvu yo gusuzuma niba impamvu nyoroshyacyaha agaragaza zifite ishingiro kuko atakongera kugabanyirizwa igihano cy’igifungo aba yarahawe. Incamake y’ikibazo: Ngabonziza yafatanwe udupfunyika tw’urumogi 290 aho yabaga mu nzu, mu ibazwa rye yemera ko yarucuruzaga kubera ibibazo by’imibereho yo mu muryango we kuko yashakishaga amafaranga yo gufansa nyina ana barumuna be 12 dore ko ngo se yabataye. Ubushinjacyaha bwamureze mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Ngoma icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge (urumogi), urukiko rushingiye ku kwemera kwe, imvugo z’abatangabuhamya na raporo y’inzego z’ibanze rusanga icyaha kimuhama, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 18 n’amezi 6. Uregwa yajuririye icyo cyemezo mu Rukiko Rukuru asaba kugabanyirizwa igihano, urukiko rumugabanyiriza igihano, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 15. Uyu na none yongeye kujuririra icyo cyemezo mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire maze hasuzumwa ikibazo cyo kumenya niba yakongera kugabanyrizwa igihano. Ngabonziza asaba kongera kugabanyirizwa igihano hashingiwe ku kuba ari ubwa mbere akurikiranwe n’inkiko, kuba yarakoze icyaha akiva mu bwana no kuba ataragoye ubutabera akemera icyaha agifatwa bityo ko yakongera kugabanyirizwa igihano. Ubushinjacyaha buvuga uregwa yakoze icyaha ubusanzwe gihanishwa igifungo cya burundu, akaba yaragabanyirijwe igihano aho yahawe igihano gito gishoboka kuri icyo cyaha bityo akaba adakwiye kongera kugabanyirizwa. Inshamake y’icyemezo: 1. Uwagabanyirijwe igihano kugera ku gihano gito giteganywa n’itegeko ntashobora kongera kugabanyirizwa. 2. Mu gihe igihano cy’igifungo uregwa yahawe, aricyo gito itegeko riteganya, nta mpamvu yo gusuzuma niba impamvu nyoroshyacyaha agaragaza zifite ishingiro kuko atakongera kugabanyirizwa igihano cy’igifungo aba yarahawe. Ubujurire, nta shingiro bufite. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange ihindura ingingo ya 60 y’Itegeko nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ingingo ya 2

## Page 2

Imanza zifashishijwe: RPAA 00048/2020/CA, Ubushinjacyaha na Bimenyimana Jean Paul; rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 26/05/2022; RPAA 00643/2024/CA, Ubushinjacyaha na Ayinkamiye Kellen rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 30/5/2025. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Ku wa 18/12/2021 saa 21h30, Ngabonziza Peter na mugenzi we Iradukunda Didier bafatanywe udupfunyika 290 tw’urumogi mu nzu abamo y’uwitwa Igirimbabazi Amon, bahita bashyikirizwa inzego z’Iperereza. [2] Iperereza rirangiye, Ubushinjacyaha bwareze Ngabonziza Peter mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Ngoma bumukurikiranyeho icyaha cyo gutunda no gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, busaba ko kimuhama akagihanirwa. [3] Ngabonziza Peter yaburanye yemera icyaha avuga ko agisabira imbabazi, asobanura ko nyina wabo yamuhaye amafaranga bitewe n'ubuzima bubi bari barimo kuko bavutse ari abana 13, papa wabo aza gushaka undi mugore, bituma nyina wari ubasigaranye wenyine, atangira kubacira inshuro ariko ntabahaze, ku bw’ibyo umuhungu bita Tuyishime amugira inama yo kurangura urumogi ngo abone imibereho, ubwo ararurangura, arucuruza ubwa mbere, ubwa 2 arafatwa. [4] Mu rubanza No RP 01773/2021/TGI/NGOMA rwaciwe ku wa 12/01/2022, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Ngoma rwasanze hari ibimenyetso byemeza ko uregwa yakoze icyaha birimo: a) Kuba mu mvugo za Ngabonziza Peter, haba imbere y’Urukiko no mu mabazwa, atarahakanye icyaha cyo gucuruza ikiyobyabwenge cy’urumogi; b) Kuba hari umutangabuhamya witwa Mutumwanjishi Julienne umushinja ko acuruza urumogi bizwi; c) Raporo y'inzego z'ibanze ivuga ko uyu Ngabonziza Peter ari umuntu w'icyihebe uhora mu bikorwa by'urugomo, no kwiyenza ku bantu, akaba yarafatanwe urumogi, yari asanzwe akekwaho kurucuruza no kurunywa, yafatanwe udupfunyika 290. Urukiko rushingiye kuri ibyo bimenyetso, rwemeje ko Ngabonziza Peter ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gucuruza ikiyobyabwenge cy’urumogi mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko, ariko rushingiye ku kuba uregwa yaremeye icyaha, kuba ari ubwa mbere uregwa akurikiranwe n’amategeko no kuba icyaha yakoze nta ngaruka zikomeye cyasize, rumugabanyiriza igihano, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 18 n’amezi 6. [5] Ngabonziza Peter ntiyishimiye imikirize y’urubanza, ajuririra mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana avuga ko yajuriye atakambira Urukiko ngo ruce inkoni izamba rumugabanyirize ibihano, rumuhe ibihano bito kubyo yahawe kuko yaburanye yemera icyaha ku buryo budashidikanywaho kandi ari ubwa mbere akoze icyaha, akaba acyicuza kandi yiyemeza kutazasubira ukundi, ko yahindutse kandi yabera n’abandi urugero rwiza, akanabakangurira

## Page 3

kurwanya icyaha cyane cyane icyo akurikiranyweho, akabereka n’ingaruka mbi zo gukoresha ibiyobyabwenge. [6] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha yaburanye avuga ko bamaze gusesengura impamvu Ngabonziza Peter yashingiyeho ajurira basanga zifite ishingiro ku bijyanye no kugabanyirizwa ibihano, ko yahabwa igihano cyo gufungwa imyaka 15 n’ihazabu ya 5,000,000 Frw, hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 2 agace ka (a) na (d), y’itegeko no 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura itegeko nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange. [7] Mu rubanza No RPA 00434/2022/HC/RWG, rwaciwe ku wa 26/05/2025, Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana rushingiye ku rubanza nº RPAA 0406/2020/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 22/10/2021 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Nahayo Ignace rwasanze n’ubwo icyaha Ngabonziza Peter yakoze cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge ari icyaha gikomeye harebwe ibihano biremereye Umushingamategeko yagiteganyirije, ariko akwiye kugabanyirizwa ibihano yahawe mu rwego rwo gutanga ibihano bihwanye n’uburemere bw’icyaha yakoze, no guhanwa kimwe n’abakoze icyaha mu buryo bumwe na we, kuba ari n’ubwa mbere akurikiranwe mu nkiko mu buryo buzwi no kuba yarakoze icyaha aribwo yari akiva mu bwana afite imyaka 18, ari mu kigero cyo guhuzagurika no gufata ibyemezo ahubutse atabanje gutekereza, bikwiye gutuma agabanyirizwa igihano, maze rurakigabanya rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15). [8] Ngabonziza Peter ntiyishimiye imikirize y’urubanza, ajuririra mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, urubanza ruhabwa no RPAA 00598/2025/CA, iburanisha rishyirwa ku wa 09/12/2025, Ngabonziza Peter yitabye yunganiwe na Me Micomyiza Liliane naho Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na Uwizeye Jean Marie, Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’Igihugu. [9] Mu mwanzuro no mu miburanire, Ngabonziza Peter na Me Micomyiza Lilian umwunganira basaba ko yakongera kugabanyirizwa ibihano ku buryo buhagije hashingiwe ku kuba yemera icyaha ku buryo budashidikanywaho, kuba ari ubwa mbere akurikiranywe mu butabera ku buryo buzwi, kuba nta ngaruka icyaha yakoze cyateje muri sosiye, kuba akomeje kwicuza ndetse anasaba imbabazi no kuba yarakoze icyaha aribwo yari akiva mu bwana afite imyaka 18 ari mu kigero cyo guhuzagurika no gufata ibyemezo ahubutse atabanje gutekereza, akaba kandi atararenga ihaniro ku buryo atagororoka ndetse akomeje no kwicuza ku bikorwa bigayitse yakoze. Banavuga ko mu kumugabanyiriza hashingirwa ku rubanza No RPAA 00269/2022/COA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 12/05/2023 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na ByukusengE Gad, bityo rukamuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 5. [10] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko ibisabwa na Ngabonziza Peter na Me Micomyiza Liliane umwunganira ko yakongera kugabanyirizwa ndetse agahabwa igihano cy’imyaka 5 kiri munsi y’igihano gito giteganywa n’itegeko, nta shingiro bikwiye guhabwa, kubera ko icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw'urumogi Ngabonziza Peter yahamijwe, gihanishwa igifungo cya burundu, hashingiwe ku biteganywa mu ngingo ya 11 y'Itegeko N° 69/2019 ryo kuwa 08/11/2019 rihindura itegeko N° 68/2018 riteganya ibyaha n'ibihano muri rusange iteganya ko umuntu uhamwe n'icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge bihambaye, ahanishwa igifungo cya burundu n'ihazabu itari munsi y'amafaranga 20.000.000 ariko itarenze amafaranga 30.000.000. Naho ingingo ya 2 y'Itegeko N° 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n'ibihano muri rusange iteganya ko: "Iyo umucamanza yemeje impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, ashobora kugabanya igihano ku buryo bukurikira: ...(a) igifungo cya

## Page 4

burundu gishobora kugabanywa ariko ntikijye munsi y'igihano cy'igifungo cy'imyaka cumi n'itanu (15ans). Ko rero bigaragara ko Urukiko Rukuru, rwamugabanyirije igihano cy'igifungo kugeza ku gifungo cy’imyaka cumi n'itanu (15), iki kikaba aricyo gihano gito gishoboka, itegeko ryageneye umuntu wakoze icyaha gihanishwa igifungo cya burundu (nk'uko biri kuri Ngabonziza Peter wahamwe no gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw'urumogi) mu gihe umucamanza yasanze hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha ku birebana n'ushinjwa; bityo igihano yahanishijwe kikaba kigomba kugumaho. [11] Hakurikijwe ibivugwa na buri ruhande, urukiko rurasanga hakwiye gusuzumwa ikibazo cyo: Kumenya niba igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 15 Ngabonziza Peter yahanishijwe cyakongera kugabanywa. II. ISESENGURA RY’IKIBAZO KIGIZE URUBANZA

Kumenya niba igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 15 Ngabonziza Peter yahanishijwe cyakongera kugabanywa. [12] Ngabonziza Peter yunganiwe na Me Micomyiza Liliane yajuririye Urukiko rw’Ubujurire asaba kongera kugabanyirizwa igihano hashingiwe ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha yo kuba yemera icyaha ku buryo budashidikanywaho, kuba ari ubwa mbere akurikiranywe mu butabera ku buryo buzwi, kuba nta ngaruka icyaha yakoze cyateje muri sosiyete, kuba akomeje kwicuza ndetse anasaba imbabazi no kuba yarakoze icyaha aribwo yari akiva mu bwana afite imyaka 18 ari mu kigero cyo guhuzagurika no gufata ibyemezo ahubutse atabanje gutekereza, akaba atararenga ihaniro ku buryo atagororoka ndetse akomeje no kwicuza bikorwa bigayitse yakoze. Naho Ubushinjacyaha busubiza ko igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 15 yahawe aricyo gito gishoboka hakurijwe ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 2, agace ka a) na d) y’Itegeko No 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko No 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, akaba adashobora kongera kugabanyirizwa. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [13] Impaka kuri iyi ngingo zishingiye ku kumenya niba igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 15 Ngabonziza Peter yahanishijwe cyakongera kugabanywa kugeza munsi y’igihano gito giteganywa n’itegeko hashingiwe ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha yagaragaje mu gika kibanziriza iki. [14] Ikibazo cyo kongera kugabanya igihano kubera impamvu nyoroshyacyaha mu gihe igihano cyatanzwe aricyo gito gishoboka cyatanzweho umurongo mu rubanza Nº RPAA 00048/2020/CA rwaciye ku wa 26/05/2022 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Bimenyimana Jean Paul rusobanura ingingo ya 2 y’Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange ihindura ingingo ya 60 y’Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange. Muri urwo rubanza, Urukiko rwemeje ko uwagabanyirijwe igihano kugera ku gihano gito giteganywa n’itegeko adashobora kongera kugabanyirizwa. Ibi kandi ni nabyo byakomeje gushimangirwa mu manza zitandukanye harimo n’urubanza No RPAA 00643/2024/CA rwaciwe n’uru Rukiko ku wa 30/5/2025 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Ayinkamiye Kellen aho mu gika cyarwo cya 33, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwasobanuye ko mu gihe igihano cy’igigfungo uregwa

## Page 5

yahawe, aricyo gito itegeko riteganya, nta mpamvu yo gusuzuma niba impamvu nyoroshyacyaha agaragaza zifite ishingiro kuko atakongera kugabanyirizwa igihano cy’igifungo aba yarahawe. [15] Hashingiwe ku bisobanuro byatanzwe n’uru Rukiko mu manza zitandukanye rwaciye zagaragajwe haruguru, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga Ngabonziza Peter wahamijwe icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana, rukamugabanyiriza igihano kugeza ku gifungo cy’imyaka 15, uru Rukiko rurasanga ubujurire bwe nta shingiro bufite kuko icyo gihano yahawe aricyo gihano gito gishoboka, kikaba kidashobora kongera kugabanywa. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [16] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Ngabonziza Peter nta shingiro bufite; [17] Rwemeje ko imikirize y’urubanza No RPA 00434/2022/HC/RWG, rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana, ku wa 26/05/2025, idahindutse mu ngingo zarwo zose; [18] Rwemeje ko igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 15 Ngabonziza Peter yahanishijwe mbere kigumyeho.