NSHIMIYIMANA v. UBUSHINJACYAHA

# NSHIMIYIMANA v. UBUSHINJACYAHA

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2025-12-29 - Case/document no.: RPAA 00121/2025/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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NSHIMIYIMANA v. UBUSHINJACYAHA [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RPAA 00121/2025/CA (Rutazana, P.J.,) 29 Ukuboza 2025] Amategeko agenga imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha – Icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana – Gusaba kugabanyirizwa igihano – Nta kibuza ko uregwa agabanyirizwa igihano kabone n’ubwo impamvu ze z’ubujurire zaba nta shingiro zahawe. Urukiko nirwo rusuzuma niba igihano yahanishijwe kijyanye n’uburemere bw’icyaha yahamijwe hagendewe ku manza z’abakoze icyaha mu buryo bumwe n’ubwe. Incamake y’ikibazo: Umubyeyi w’umwana witwa I.V w’imyaka 4 y’amavuko yareze uwitwa Nshimiyimana Cyriaque mu Bugenzacyaha, avuga ko yasambanyije umwana we, maze iperereza rirangiye Ubushinjacyaha bumurega mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Muhanga bumukurikiranyeho icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana, busaba ko kimihama agahanishwa igifungo cya burundu. Uregwa yemeye icyaha mu Bugenzacyaha, mu Bushinjacyaha n’imbere y’Urukiko, asobanura uburyo yagikoze kandi agisabira n’imbabazi. Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Muhanga rwemeje ko uregwa ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana w’imyaka 4 y’amavuko, maze rumuhanisha igifungo cya burundu. Nshimiyimana yajuririye urwo rubanza mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza, asaba kugabanyirizwa ku mpamvu yuko yemeye icyaha kuva agifatwa kandi no mu bujurire akaba acyemera, ariko nyuma yaho, Nshimiyimana yashyikirije Urukiko umwanzuro w’inyongera noneho avuga ko atemera icyaha aregwa, avuga ko mbere yacyemeye bitewe n’uko yari yabwiwe ko ahita arekurwa. Ubushinjacyaha bwasabye ko umwanzuro wa Nshimiyimana aho avuga ko atemera icyaha utakwakirwa kuko watanzwe nyuma y’ibihe byo kujurira biteganywa n’amategeko, kandi ko ubujurire bwe bugamije gusaba kugabanyirizwa nta shingiro bufite kuko yakoze icyaha cy’ubugome bukabije asambanya umwana w’imyaka 4 y’amavuko mu gihe we yari afite imyaka 40 y’amavuko. Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza, rwemeje ko umwanzuro w’inyongera utakiriwe kuko watanzwe impitagihe; naho impamvu z’ubujurire yatanze mu mwanzuro w’ibanze, uru Rukiko rwemeza ko bufite ishingiro ku bijyanye no kugabanyirizwa igihano gusa, bityo rutegeka ko ahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka 25. Nshimiyimana yajuririye urwo rubanza mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, asaba kugirwa umwere ku mpamvu yuko yahamijwe icyaha hashingiwe ku bimenyetso bitemeza ko yagikoze; avuga ko abatangabuhamya bamushinje ari abo mu muryango w’uwamureze bagamije kwigarurira imitungo yasigiwe n’ababyeyi be; kandi ko Urukiko rwashingiye ku mvugo z’abana batarageza ku myaka 14 y’amavuko. Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko ubujurire nta shingiro bufite kuko uregwa yahamijwe icyaha hashingiwe ku bimenyetso byemeza ko yagikoze; avuga kandi ko atahamijwe icyaha

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hashingiwe gusa ku kuba yaracyemeye, ahubwo Urukiko rwanashingiye ku bindi bimenyetso birimo imvugo z’abatangabuhamya bamushinja. Urukiko rurasuzuma ikibazo cyo kumenya ishingiro rikwiriye guhabwa ubujurire bwa Nshimiyimana bugamije kugaragaza ko yahamijwe icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana hadashingiwe ku bimenyetso bihagije byemeza ko yagikoze koko. Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwasanze Nshimiyimana Cyriaque yarakoze icyaha aregwa afite imyaka 40 y’amavuko, asambanya umwana w’imyaka 4 y’amavuko, kandi akaba ari ubwa mbere akurikiranyweho icyaha mu buryo buzwi; bityo nawe akaba akwiriye guhanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka 24 nkuko uru Rukiko rwemeje mu manza rwaciye ku bibazo bijya gusa n’iki.

Incamake y’icyemezo: Nta kibuza ko uregwa agabanyirizwa igihano kabone n’ubwo impamvu ze z’ubujurire zaba nta shingiro zahawe. Urukiko nirwo rusuzuma niba igihano yahanishijwe kijyanye n’uburemere bw’icyaha yahamijwe hagendewe ku manza z’abakoze icyaha mu buryo bumwe n’ubwe. Ubujurire bufite ishingiro. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko N° 027/2019 ryo ku wa 19/09/2019 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha, ingingo ya 183. Imanza zifashishijwe: Urubanza RPAA 00039/2021/CA rw’ Ubushinjacyaha na Shakabatenda, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 02/07/2021; Urubanza RPAA 00413/2025/CA, rw’Ubushinjacyaha na Mbangutse, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurireku wa 24/10/2025; Urubanza RPAA 00337/2024/CA rw’ Ubushinjacyaha na Iradukunda Eric, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 30/01/2025; Urubanza RPAA 00253/2024/CA rw’ Ubushinjacyaha na Mugabonake Vedaste, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire, ku wa 13/12/2024. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Umubyeyi w’umwana witwa I.V1 w’imyaka 4 y’amavuko yareze Nshimiyimana Cyriaque mu Bugenzacyaha, avuga ko ku wa 10/01/2021 yamusambanyirije umwana (I.V) ubwo yari kumwe n’abandi bana bugamye imvura, imaze kugabanuka abo bana bandi bajya kureba ihene naho I.V asigarana na Nshimiyimana Cyriaque, bagarutse I.V ababwira ko Nshimiyimana

1 Aya mazina yayahawe muri uru rubanza mu rwego rwo kurinda umwirondoro we.

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Cyriaque yamusambanyije, babimenyesha ababyeyi babo, nabo babibwira nyina w’a I.V, uyu arebye mu gitsina cy’umwana abonamo udusebe n’amaraso, ahita amujyana kwa muganga. [2] Nshimiyimana Cyriaque yahise afatwa, iperereza rirangiye Ubushinjacyaha bumurega mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Muhanga bumukurikiranyeho icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana, busaba ko kimihama agahanishwa igifungo cya burundu. Nshimiyimana Cyriaque yemeye icyaha mu Bugenzacyaha, mu Bushinjacyaha n’imbere y’Urukiko, asobanura uburyo yagikoze kandi agisabira n’imbabazi. [3] Mu rubanza RP 00116/2021/TGI/MHG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Muhanga ku wa 02/02/2021, rwemeje ko Nshimiyimana Cyriaque ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana w’imyaka 4 y’amavuko, rumuhanisha igifungo cya burundu. Ibyo Urukiko rwabyemeje rushingiye ku bimenyetso bikurikira : a) ukwemera kwa Nshimiyimana Cyriaque ; b) ubuhamya bwatanzwe na nyina w’umwana n’ubwatanzwe na nyir’ururugo icyaha cyakorewemo witwa Dusabimana Jeannine ; c) raporo ya muganga wasuzumye I.V igaragaza ko yari afite udusebe n’amaraso mu gitsina; d) ifishi y’ubuzima bwa I.V igaragaza ko yavutse mu mwaka wa ku wa 27/07/2016. [4] Ku wa 27/02/2021 Nshimiyimana Cyriaque yajuririye urwo rubanza mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza, asaba kugabanyirizwa kuko yemeye icyaha kuva agifatwa kandi no mu bujurire akaba acyemera. Bigeze ku wa 01/11/2023 Nshimiyimana Cyriaque yashyikirije Urukiko umwanzuro w’inyongera noneho avuga ko atemera icyaha aregwa, ko mbere yacyemeye bitewe n’uko yari yabwiwe ko ahita arekurwa, nyuma aza gusobanukirwa uburenganzira bwe. [5] Ubushinjacyaha bwasabye ko umwanzuro wa Nshimiyimana Cyriaque wo ku wa 01/11/2023 aho avuga ko atemera icyaha utakwakirwa kuko watanzwe nyuma y’ibihe byo kujurira biteganywa n’amategeko, kandi ko ubujurire bwe bugamije gusaba kugabanyirizwa nta shingiro bufite kuko yakoze icyaha cy’ubugome bukabije asambanya umwana w’imyaka 4 y’amavuko mu gihe we yari afite imyaka 40 y’amavuko. [6] Mu rubanza RPA 00297/2021/HC/NYZ rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza ku wa 13/01/2025, rwemeje ko umwanzuro w’inyongera Nshimiyimana Cyriaque yatanze ku wa 01/11/2023 utakiriwe kuko watanzwe impitagihe ; naho impamvu z’ubujurire yatanze mu mwanzuro w’ibanze ku wa 27/02/2021 rwemeza ko bufite ishingiro ku bijyanye no kugabanyirizwa igihano gusa, rutegeka ko ahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka 25. [7] Nshimiyimana Cyriaque yajuririye urwo rubanza mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, ubujurire bwe bwandikwa kuri RPAA 00121/2025/CA, urubanza ruburanishwa mu ruhame ku wa 08/12/2025 yunganiwe na Me Munyansanga Amina Gisѐle, naho Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na Bunyoye Grâce, Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’Igihugu. [8] Mu mwanzuro w’ubujurire no mu miburanire ye, Nshimiyimana Cyriaque n’umwunganira basaba uru Rukiko kumurenganura rukemeza ko ari umwere akuko yahamijwe hashingiwe ku bimenyetso bitemeza ko yagikoze, birimo kuba yaracyemeye nyamara yarabitewe n’uko yari azi

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ko bahita bamufungura kandi kwemera icyaha bikaba atari ikimenyetso cyihagije ; ubuhamya bwatanzwe n’abo mu muryango we bamubeshyera kuko bashaka kwigarurira amasambu yasigiwe n’ababyeyi be ; imvugo z’abana batarageza ku myaka 14 y’amavuko, kuba raporo ya muganga itagaragaza icyateye udusebe n’amaraso mu gitsina cya I.V no kuba hataragaragajwe ibisubizo by’ibizami we (Nshimiyimana Cyriaque) yatanze kwa muganga. [9] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko ubujurire Nshimiyimana Cyriaque nta shingiro bufite kuko yahamijwe icyaha hashingiwe ku bimenyetso byemeza ko yagikoze. [10] Urukiko rurasuzuma ikibazo cyo kumenya ishingiro rikwiriye guhabwa ubujurire bwa Nshimiyimana Cyriaque bugamije kugaragaza ko yahamijwe icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana hadashingiwe ku bimenyetso bihagije byemeza ko yagikoze koko. II. ISESENGURA RY’IKIBAZO KIGIZE URUBANZA Kumenya niba ubujurire bwa Nshimiyimana Cyriaque bugamije kugaragaza ko yahamijwe icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana hadashingiwe ku bimenyetso bihagije byemeza ko yagikoze bufite ishingiro [11] Nshimiyimana Cyriaque n’umwunganira basaba uru Rukiko kumurenganura rukemeza ko ari umwere kuko yahamijwe icyaha atakoze, bashingiye ku mpamvu zikurikria : a) yahamijwe icyaha hashingiwe gusa ku kuba yaracyemeye, nyamara kwemera icyaha atari ikimenyetso gihagije gishingirwaho hemezwa ko uregwa ahamwa n’icyaha, hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 85 y’Itegeko N˚ 027/2019 ryo ku wa 19/09/2019 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha iteganya ibishingirwaho kugira ngo ukwemera icyaha kugire agaciro, no ku murongo watanzwe mu rubanza RPAA 0066/15/CS rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 14/01/2019 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Dusabimana Jeannette, n’urubanza RPAA 00670/2021/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 30/03/2023 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Nshimiyimana Ange ; bavuga ko muriizo manza inkiko zasobanuye ko kuba uregwa yemera icyaha byonyine atari ikimenyetso cyihagije kugira ngo hemezwe ko ukuri kubonetse, ko ahubwo ari ikimenyetso mu bindi kigira agaciro iyo giherekejwe n’ibindi bimenyetso ; b) Nshimiyimana Cyriaque yemeye icyaha bitewe n’uko abayobozi b’inzego z’ibanze zo mu cyaro bashishikariza abaturage bayobora kujya bemera ibyaha, we rero akaba yaracyemeye azi ko bahita bamufungura cyane ko bari bamujyanye kwa muganga i Kinazi bakamufata ibizamini, yizeye neza ko nta kibazo kizaboneka mu bisubizo ; c) abatangabuhamya bamushinje ni abo mu muryango we bagamije kwigarurira imitungo yasigiwe n’ababyeyi be ; d) Urukiko rwashingiye ku mvugo z’abana batarageza ku myaka 14 y’amavuko, rwirengagije ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 51 (2) y’Itegeko N˚ 062/2024 ryo ku wa 20/06/2024 rigenga ibimenyetso n’ingingo ya 6 (2) y’Itegeko N˚ 058/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko N˚ 027/2019 ryo ku wa 19/09/2019 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha ;

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e) Raporo ya muganga wasuzumy I.V ntisobanura icyateye icyateye udusebe n’amaraso byari mu gitsina cye, kandi iyo haboneka iyo ibisubizo by’ibizamini Nshimiyimana Cyriaque nawe yatanze kwa muganga nibwo ibimenyetso byari kuba byuzuye. [12] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko ubujurire bwa Nshimiyimana Cyriaque nta shingiro bufite ashingiye ku mpamvu zikurikira : a) Nshimiyimana Cyriaque ntiyahamijwe icyaha hashingiwe gusa ku kuba yaracyemeye, ahubwo Urukiko rwanashingiye ku bindi bimenyetso birimo imvugo z’abatangabuhamya bamushinja harimo nyina w’mwana wasambanyijwe, nyir’urugo rw’aho icyaha cyakorewe, raporo ya muganga wasuzumye I.V akimara gusambanywa, igaragaza ko mu gitsina cye hari harimo udusebe n’amaraso ; b) mu bimenyetso byashingiweho n’Urukiko Rukuru nta mvugo z’abana batarageza ku myaka 14 y’amavuko zirimo ; c) Nshimiyimana Cyriaque yasuzumwe na muganga hagamijwe kureba niba hari indwara yaba yanduje I.V, bityo rero kuba ibyo bisubizo byaba bitarabonetse ntacyo bihindura ku byagaragajwe na raporo yavuzwe haruguru y’isuzuma ryakorewe I.V hagamijwe kureba niba koko yasambanyijwe. [13] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha asaba uru Rukiko kwemeza ko ukwemera Nshimiyimana Cyriaque yakoze kugumana agaciro, rushingiye ku murongo watanzwe mu rubanza RPAA 00480/2023/CA rwaciwe ku wa 26/02/2025 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Twizeyimana Jean de Dieu, aho Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwasobanuye ko mu gihe uregwa yemeye icyaha mu nzego z’iperereza ariko yagera imbere y’urukiko akagihakana, uko kugihakana bidahabwa agaciro buri gihe cyangwa ngo byanze bikunze hagaragazwe ibindi bimenyetso, ko ahubwo umucamanza afite ububasha bwo gusuzumana ubushishozi no guha agaciro izo mvugo z’uregwa wemeye icyaha harebwe ibikorwa aregwa, igihe asanga uko kwemera kudashidikanywaho, akabiha agaciro ashingiye ku mutima nama we (intime conviction). UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [14] Impaka kuri iyi ngingo zishingiye ku kumenya ishingiro rikwiriye guhabwa ubujurire bwa Nshimiyimana Cyriaque bugamije kugaragaza ko yahamijwe icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana I.V hadashingiwe ku bimenyetso bihagije byemeza ko yagikoze. [15] Ingingo ya 183 y’Itegeko N° 027/2019 ryo ku wa 19/09/2019 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha, iteganya ko mu byo uwajuriye agomba kugaragaza harimo amakosa ari mu rubanza rujuririrwa asaba ko akosorwa, ibisobanuro bigaragaza ayo makosa n’uburyo agomba gukosorwa hashingiwe ku mategeko n’ibimenyetso. [16] Dosiye igaragaza ko mu rubanza rwajuririwe Nshimiyimana Cyriaque yajuriye asaba kugabanyirizwa igihano kuko yemera icyaha, hanyuma atanga umwazuro w’inyongera noneho asaba kugirwa umwere kuko yahamijwe icyaha atakoze. Maze Urukiko Rukuuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza rwemeza ko uwo mwanzuro w’inyongera utakiriwe kuko yawutanze impitagihe; naho impamvu z’ubujurire yatanze mu mwanzuro w’ibanze Urukiko rweemza ko zifite ishingiro ku bijyaye no kugabanyirizwa igihano, ahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka 25.

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[17] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga nk’uko bigaragara mu miyanzuro ya Nshimiyimana Cyriaque no mu miburanire ye kuri uru rwego, ubujurire bwe bushingiye ku mpamvu y’ubujurire yari yatanze mu mwanzuro w’inyongera wavuzwe haruguru yashyikirije Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza rukemeza ko utakiriwe kuko yawutanze nyuma y’ibihe by’ubujurire byemewe n’amategeko, kandi ukaba utuzuza cyangwa ngo usobanure uwo yari yatanze mbere, bituma urwo Rukiko rudasuzuma impamvu z’ubujurire ziwukubiyemo kuko zatanzwe impitagihe. [18] Hashingiwe kuri ibyo bisobanuro, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga impamvu Nshimiyimana Cyriaque ashingiraho ubujurire bwe kuri uru rwego, y’uko yahamijwe icyaha atakoze agasaba kugirwa umwere, ari nayo yari yatanze mu mwazuro w’inyongera mu rubanza rujuririrwa ntiyakirwa kuko yatanzwe impitagihe; akaba rero atayishingiraho nk’inenge kuri uru rwego mu gihe ubujurire bwe butagamije kugaragaza ikosa Urukiko rwakoze mu kutakira iyo mpamvu y’ubujurire. Ibi kandi bihura n’ibyemejwe mu zindi manza zasuzumye ikibazo nk’iki, zirimo urubanza RPAA 00337/2024/CA rwaciwe ku wa 30/01/2025 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Iradukunda Eric n’urubanza RPAA 00253/2024/CA rwaciwe ku wa 13/12/2024 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Mugabonake Vedaste. Hashingiwe kuri ibyo bisobanuro, Nshimiyimana Cyriaque akaba ntacyo anenga urubanza yajuririye, bityo ubujurire bwe bukaba nta shingiro bufite. [19] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga ariko nk’uko byatanzweho umurongo mu rubanza Nº RPAA 00039/2021/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 02/07/2021 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Shakabatenda Jean de Dieu, nta kibuza ko uregwa agabanyirizwa igihano kabone n’ubwo impamvu ze z’ubujurire zaba nta shingiro zahawe. Ku bw’ibyo n’ubwo ubujurire bwa Nshimiyimana Cyriaque nta shingiro buhawe, Urukiko rugomba gusuzuma niba igihano yahanishijwe kijyanye n’uburemere bw’icyaha yahamijwe hagendewe ku manza z’abakoze icyaha mu buryo bumwe n’ubwe. [20] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga mu manza rwaciye ku bibazo bijya gusa n’iki, aho abaregwa bari barengeje imyaka 30 y’amavuko bahamijwe icyaha cyo gusambanya abana bafite hagati y’imyaka 4 na 7 y’amavuko, baragiye bahanishwa igihano cy’igifungo kiri hagati y’imyaka 22 na 24. Mu manza ziheruka gucibwa harimo urubanza RPAA 00413/2025/CA rwaciwe ku wa 24/10/2025 aho uwitwa Mbangutse Venant w’imyaka 42 y’amavuko yahamijwe icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana w’imyaka 4 y’amavuko, maze Urukiko rushingiye ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha yo kuba ari ubwa mbere akurikiranyweho icyaha mu buryo buzwi, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 24. [21] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga Nshimiyimana Cyriaque nawe yarakoze icyaha aregwa afite imyaka 40 y’amavuko, asambanya umwana w’imyaka 4 y’amavuko, kandi akaba ari ubwa mbere akurikiranyweho icyaha mu buryo buzwi; bityo rero nawe akaba akwiriye guhanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka 24. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [22] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Nshimiyimana Cyriaque nta shingiro bufite. [23] Rwemeje ko urubanza RPA 00297/2021/HC/NYZ rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza ku wa 13/01/2025 ruhindutse ku birebana n’igihano gusa.

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[24] Rwemeje ko Nshimiyimana Cyriaque ahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’ine (24). [25] Rutegetse ko Nshimiyimana Cyriaque asonewe amagarama y’urubanza kuko aburana afunze.