CLAY'S FACTORY LTD v. JIANSU LIANYUNGANG HESHUN NEW MATERIALS LTD N’UNDI.

CLAY'S FACTORY LTD v. JIANSU LIANYUNGANG HESHUN NEW MATERIALS LTD N’UNDI. [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RCOMAA 00006/2025/CA CMB RCOMAA 00008/2025/CA (Ngagi, P.J.) 29 Mutarama 2026] Amategeko agenga imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano – Ubujurire – Inshingano y’ujurira – Ujurira afite inshingano yo kugaragaza ko hari inenge ziri mu rubanza rujuririrwa n’ibimenyetso bishimangira ko ibyo Urukiko rwemeje atari byo. Amategeko agenga imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano – Ubujurire bwuririye ku bundi – Ingingo y’ubujurire bwuririye ku bundi iterekeranye n’ubujurire bw’iremezo – Ingingo y’ubujurire bwuririye ku bundi iterekeranye n’ubujurire bw’iremezo (appel principal) ndetse yatanzwe igihe giteganywa n’amategeko cyo kujurira cyararenze, ntabwo igomba kwakirwa ngo isuzumwe. Incamake y’ikibazo: Hagati ya Clay’s Factory Ltd na JIANSU LIANYUNGANG HESHUN NEW MATERIALS Ltd habaye amasezerano 2 aya mbere yiswe Spodumene Sales and Purchase Agreement agamije kugemurira JIANSU LIANYUNGANG HESHUN NEW MATERIALS Ltd amabuye y’agaciro yo mu bwoko bwa Lithium Ore SPODUMENE, naho aya kabiri yiswe Copper Ore Sales & Purchase Agreement yo akaba yari agamije kuyigemurira amabuye yo mu bwoko bwa Copper. JIANSU LIANYUNGANG HESHUN NEW MATERIALS Ltd yishyuye amadolari 132 750 USD kuri konti ya CLAY’S iri muri Equity Bank, ariko CLAY’S ikaba itarubahirije amasezerano ngo igemurire JIANSU Littium na copper, yewe ntibe yanayisubiza amafaranga yayo yayishyuye mu gihe atabashije kuyimurira. Ibyo byatumye JIANSU LIANYUNGANG HESHUN NEW MATERIALS Ltd itanga ikirego mu Rukiko rw’Ubucuruzi irega CLAY’S FACTORY Ltd kuko itubahirije amasezerano impande zombi zagiranye yo kuyigemurira amabuye y’agaciro yavuzwe haruguru, kandi yarishyuwe 132,750 USD, bityo isaba Urukiko kuyitegeka kuyishyura ayo madolari yahawe, inyungu n’indishyi ziyakomokaho. CLAY’S FACTORY Ltd yireguye ivuga ko AFRICAN HILLS FAIR MINING Ltd ariyo yari kuryozwa ukutagemura amabuye y’agaciro avugwa, kuko iyi sosiyete ariyo yagiranye amasezerano na JIANSU yo kugemurira amabuye y’agaciro, ayo masezerano abera imbere ya Noteri ndetse inishyura amafaranga yanyujijwe kuri konti ya CLAY’S FACTORY Ltd ndetse iyi ikavuga ko ayo mafaranga yayahaye AFRICAN HILLS FAIR MINING Ltd. Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi rwaciye urubanza rwemeza ko ikirego cya JIANSU LIANYUNGANG HESHUN NEW MATERIALS Ltd gifite ishingiro, ko ikirego cyo kwiregura nta shingiro gifite, ko CLAY’S FACTORY Ltd itubahirije amasezerano yagiranye na JIANSU LIANYUNGANG HESHUN NEW MATERIALS Ltd; ko CLAY’S FACTORY Ltd ibereyemo JIANSU LIANYUNGANG HESHUN NEW MATERIALS Ltd umwenda ungana n’amadorali ibihumbi ijana na mirongo itatu na bibiri magana arindwi na mirongo itanu (132,750 USD). CLAY’S itishimiye icyo cyemezo yajuririye mu Rukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi ivuga ko Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi rutahaye agaciro ibisobanuro yatanze ku masezerano yakozwe kandi byarashyigikiwe n’uwakiriye amafaranga, Ku rundi ruhande uregwa aatanga inzitizi yo kutakira

ukugoboka kwa AFRICAN HILLS FAIR MINING Ltd; ku mpamvu z’ubujurire z’urega, yiregura ivuga ko nta shingiro zifite kuko CLAY’S FACTORY Ltd itubahirije amasezerano. Urukiko Rukuru rwaciye urubanza rwemeza ko ubujurire nta shingiro bufite, ko AFRICAN HILLS FAIR MINING itagombaga kugobokeshwa mu rubanza, ko imikirize y’urubanza rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi ihindutse kuri bimwe. Rutegeka CLAY’S FACTORY Ltd kwishyura JIANSU LIANYUNGANG HESHUN NEW MATERIALS Ltd umwenda iyibereyemo ungana 132,750 USD hiyongereyeho inyungu zingana 43.879.95 USD, no kuyishyura 800.000 Frw y'igihembo cya Avoka n'ikurikiranarubanza mu bujurire, yiyongera 620.000 Frw yategetswe k’urwego rwa mbere. CLAY’S FACTORY Ltd yajuririye mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire ivuga ko atari yo yagombaga gutegekwa kwishyura JIANSU LIANYUNGANG HESHUN NEW MATERIALS Ltd, ko ahubwo AFRICAN HILLS FAIR MINING Ltd ari yo yagombaga gutegekwa kuyishyura kuko ari yo bagiranye amasezerano kandi akaba ari yo yagombaga kuyigemurira amabuye y’agaciro. Ivuga kandi ko AFRICAN HILLS FAIR MINING Ltd yagombaga kugumishwa mu rubanza, ko rero Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwakoze ikosa ryo kwemeza ko itagombaga kugobokeshwa mu rubanza, ko kandi Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rutagombaga gusuzuma ikibazo cy’inyungu kuko itakijuririye, kandi kikaba kitasuzumwa nk’ubujurire bwuririye kubundi mu gihe nta bujurire bw’inyungu bwatanzwe, bityo ko zigomba kuvaho; isoza isaba amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka. JIANSU yireguye ivuga AFRIVCAN HILLS itarebwa n’amasezerano yabaye hagati ya CLAY’S FACTORY Ltd na JIANSU, ko rero nta mpamvu yatuma iguma mu rubanza. Ivuga kandi ko inyungu zatanzwe zishingiye ku Itegeko, ko ibyo CLAY'S FACTORY Ltd ivuga ko zitagombaga gusuzumwa, nta shingiro bifite, kuko yazisabye mu bujurire bwuririye ku bundi; isoza isaba amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka. AFRICAN HILLS yo ku ruhande rwayo ivuga ko idahakana amasezerano yo kugemura amabuye y’agaciro yo mu bwoko bwa Copper, ko itagemuye kubera impamvu zitayiturutseho, ivuga ko yiteguye kugemura. Incamake y’icyemezo: 1. Ujurira afite inshingano yo kugaragaza ko hari inenge ziri mu rubanza rujuririrwa n’ibimenyetso bishimangira ko ibyo Urukiko rwemeje atari byo. 2. Ingingo y’ubujurire bwuririye ku bundi iterekeranye n’ubujurire bw’iremezo (appel principal) ndetse yatanzwe igihe giteganywa n’amategeko cyo kujurira cyararenze, ntabwo igomba kwakirwa ngo isuzumwe. Ubujurire bufite ishingiro kuri bimwe. Amagarama ahwanye n’ibyakozwe mu rubanza. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko Nº 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018, ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, Ingingo ya 150, agace ka 5 n’aka 6, Itegeko N° 062/2024 ryo ku wa 20/06/2024 rigenga ibimenyetso, Ingingo ya 4.

Imanza zifashishijwe: RCOMAA 00053/2024/CA; ENTREPRISE D’ADDUCTION D’EAU ET DE CONSTRUCTION (EADECO) vs AKARERE KA GATSIBO rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 28/03/2025, RCOMAA 00013/2024/CA; OVERSEAS LOGISTICS & GENERAL SERVICES Ltd vs IGNITE POWER RWANDA Ltd rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 27/02/2025. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Ku wa 26/11/2022, JIANSU LIANYUNGANG HESHUN NEW MATERIALS Ltd yagiranye na CLAY’S FACTORY Ltd amasezerano abiri (2), aya mbere yiswe Spodumene Sales and Purchase Agreement, afite nimero CLAY–Zs/2022/11/26 yari agamije kugemurira JIANSU LIANYUNGANG HESHUN NEW MATERIALS Ltd amabuye y’agaciro yo mu bwoko bwa Lithium Ore SPODUMENE, naho aya kabiri yiswe Copper Ore Sales & Purchase Agreement afite nimero CLAY –Zs/2022/11/26 yari agamije kuyigemurira amabuye yo mu bwoko bwa Copper. [2] Ku wa 19/11/2022, JIANSU LIANYUNGANG HESHUN NEW MATERIALS Ltd ibinyujije kuri konti ya CLAY’S FACTORY Ltd ifite Nº 4015200794279 iri muri EQUITY BANK RWANDA Plc, yishyuye CLAY’S FACTORY Ltd 132,750 USD, JIANSU LIANYUNGANG HESHUN NEW MATERIALS Ltd ivuga ko CLAY’S FACTORY Ltd yahawe ayo madorari kugira ngo iyigurire amabuye y’agaciro yo mu bwoko bwa Lithium Ore na Copper yavuzwe haruguru. JIANSU LIANYUNGANG HESHUN NEW MATERIALS Ltd isobanura ko kuba itarahawe amabuye yasezeranyijwe mu masezerano, ndetse ikaba itaranashubijwe amadorari yishyuye, ari byo byatumye irega CLAY’S FACTORY Ltd mu Rukiko rw’Ubucuruzi kuko itubahirije amasezerano impande zombi zagiranye yo kuyigemurira amabuye y’agaciro yavuzwe haruguru, kandi yarishyuwe 132,750 USD, bityo isaba Urukiko kuyitegeka kuyishyura ayo madolari yahawe, inyungu n’indishyi ziyakomokaho. [3] Mu kwiregura, CLAY’S FACTORY Ltd ivuga ko JIANSU LIANYUNGANG HESHUN NEW MATERIALS Ltd yashatse kugura amabuye y’agaciro yo mu bwoko bwa Lithium ndetse n’amabuye y’agaciro yo mu bwoko bwa Copper, igirana ibiganiro na company yitwa AFRICAN HILLS FAIR MINING Ltd yari isanzwe ikora iyo mirimo yo gucukura amabuye y’agaciro, ndetse inumvikana na yo ibiciro, hanyuma ku wa 24/11/2022, impande zombi zisinyira amasezerano imbere ya Noteri, ko kubera ko AFRICAN HILLS FAIR MINING Ltd yasabaga JIANSU LIANYUNGANG HESHUN NEW MATERIALS Ltd avance ya 30%, biyitera impungenge, maze ishingiye ku nama bari bagiriwe na bagenzi babo b’abashinwa bari bamaze igihe bakorera mu Rwanda, basaba sheki ya garantie Umuyobozi wa AFRICAN HILLS FAIR MINING Ltd, ariko bitewe n’uko Umuyobozi wa JIANSU LIANYUNGANG HESHUN NEW MATERIALS Ltd yari agiye gusubira iwabo mu buryo bwihuse, asaba Havugimana Uwera Francine bari bamenyanye kubera abandi bashinwa bakoranaga, ko iyo sheki yashyirwa mu mazina ye, ndetse kubera icyizere gike JIANSU LIANYUNGANG HESHUN NEW MATERIALS Ltd yari ifitiye AFRICAN HILLS FAIR MINING, asaba ko amadolari azava mu Bushinwa yabanza guca kuri konti ye (Havugimana Uwera Francine) akabona kugezwa kuri konti ya AFRICAN HILLS FAIR MINING Ltd

[4] Ivuga kandi ko bitewe n’uko mu byasabwaga na banki yo mu Bushinwa, kugira ngo yohereze amafaranga harimo amasezerano y’ubugure kandi hakaba hatari gukoreshwa ayo JIANSU LIANYUNGANG HESHUN NEW MATERIALS Ltd yari yagiranye na AFRICAN HILLS FAIR MINING Ltd kuko ayo madolari yari guhita ajya kuri konti ya AFRICAN HILLS FAIR MINING Ltd, kandi Umuyobozi wa JIANSU LIANYUNGANG HESHUN NEW MATERIALS Ltd atarabishakaga, byatumye Umuyobozi wa JIANSU asaba CLAY’S FACTORY Ltd ko bagirana andi masezerano na yo asa n’ayari yasinywe ariko yo gukoresha gusa kugira ngo ayo madolari azanyuzwe kuri konti ya CLAY’S FACTORY Ltd mbere yo kujya kuri konti ya AFRICAN HILLS FAIR MINING Ltd, akaba ari muri urwo rwego hasinywe amasezerano na CLAY’S FACTORY Ltd avugwa muri uru rubanza, ariko ko impande zombi zari zizi neza ko ayo mabuye y’agaciro atazagemurwa na CLAY’S FACTORY Ltd, ko ahubwo ubwo ari uburyo bwari gutuma abo bashinwa babona amadolari yo kuzishyura AFRICAN HILL FAIR MINING Ltd bari bagiranye amasezerano yo kubagemurira ayo mabuye y’agaciro ya Lithium na Copper. [5] CLAY’S FACTORY Ltd ikomeza ivuga ko ayo masezerano yasinywe ku wa 26/11/2022, nyuma y’iminsi ibiri (2) gusa JIANSU LIANYUNGANG HESHUN NEW MATERIALS Ltd isinyanye na AFRICAN HILL FAIR MINING, ariko ko atakorewe imbere ya Noteri nk’aya mbere, maze ku wa 30/11/2022, JIANSU LIANYUNGANG HESHUN NEW MATERIALS Ltd yohereza 132.750 USD kuri konti ya CLAY’S FACTORY Ltd nk’uko bigaragazwa na Historique ya konti ya CLAY’S FACTORY Ltd, ko nk’uko JIANSU LIANYUNGANG HESHUN NEW MATERIALS Ltd yari yabisezeranye na CLAY’S FACTORY Ltd. Ku wa 01/12/2022, CLAY’S FACTORY Ltd iterura ya madolari yose uko yakabaye iyaha AFRICAN HILLS FAIR MINING nk’uko bigaragazwa na Historique ya konti, ariko iyabona na yo imaze gusinya ya sheki ya garantie nk’uko byari byifujwe n’Umuyobozi wa JIANSU LIANYUNGANG HESHUN NEW MATERIALS Ltd, ko kuva AFRICAN HILLS FAIR MINING Ltd imaze guhabwa ayo madolari, yatangiye akazi kugira ngo yubahirize amasezerano bagiranye yo kubaha Copper na Lithium, ariko bikagenda bitinda, hanyuma impande zombi zibiganiraho nk’uko bigaragazwa n’ibiganiro bagiye bagirana kuri telephone ndetse n’inama bagiye bagirana zinyuranye. Bityo ko CLAY’S FACTORY Ltd itangazwa no kubona JIANSU LIANYUNGANG HESHUN NEW MATERIALS Ltd yarayireze. [6] AFRICAN HILLS FAIR MINING Ltd yagobokeshejwe ku gahato muri urwo rubanza, kuko CLAY’S FACTORY Ltd yavugaga ko AFRICAN HILLS FAIR MINING Ltd ari yo yahaye ayo madolari ndetse ikaba ari na yo yagombaga kugemurira JIANSU LIANYUNGANG HESHUN NEW MATERIALS Ltd amabuye y’agaciro yavuzwe haruguru. [7] Mu rubanza RCOM 01165/2023/TC rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi ku wa 17/05/2024, urwo Rukiko rwemeje ko : - ikirego cyatanzwe na JIANSU LIANYUNGANG HESHUN NEW MATERIALS Ltd gifite ishingiro; - ikirego kiregera kwiregura cyatanzwe na CLAY’S FACTORY Ltd nta shingiro gifite; - CLAY’S FACTORY Ltd itubahirije amasezerano yagiranye na JIANSU LIANYUNGANG HESHUN NEW MATERIALS Ltd;

- CLAY’S FACTORY Ltd ibereyemo JIANSU LIANYUNGANG HESHUN NEW MATERIALS Ltd umwenda ungana n’amadorali ibihumbi ijana na mirongo itatu na bibiri magana arindwi na mirongo itanu (132,750 USD); - CLAY’S FACTORY Ltd igomba kwishyura JIANSU LIANYUNGANG HESHUN NEW MATERIALS Ltd umwenda iyibereyemo ungana 132.750 USD, 500.000 Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka, 100.000 Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza na 20,000 Frw y’ingwate y’amagarama y’urubanza. [8] CLAY'S FACTORY Ltd yajuririye Urukiko Rukuru, ku mpamvu zo kuba Urukiko rutarahaye agaciro ibisobanuro yatanze ku masezerano kandi byarashyigikiwe n’uwakiriye amafaranga AFRICAN HILLS FAIR MINING Ltd. Mbere yo kwiregura ku bujurire bwa CLAY’S FACTORY Ltd, uhagarariye JIANSU LIANYUNGANG HESHUN NEW MATERIALS Ltd yatanze inzitizi y’uko AFRICAN HILLS FAIR MINING Ltd itagombaga kugobokeshwa, kuko ntaho ihuriye n’amasezerano aburanwa; naho kumpamvu z’ubujurire, avuga ko nta shingiro zifite kuko CLAY’S FACTORY Ltd itubahirije amasezerano yagiranye na JIANSU LIANYUNGANG HESHUN NEW MATERIALS Ltd. Asoza asaba amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cy’umu Avoka. [9] Mu rubanza RCOMA 00367/2024/HCC rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi ku wa 13/12/2024, urwo Rukiko rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa CLAY’S FACTORY Ltd nta shingiro bufite, ko AFRICAN HILLS FAIR MINING itagombaga kugobokeshwa mu rubanza, ko imikirize y’urubanza RCOM 01165/2023/TC ihindutse kuri bimwe. Rutegeka CLAY’S FACTORY Ltd kwishyura JIANSU LIANYUNGANG HESHUN NEW MATERIALS Ltd umwenda iyibereyemo ungana 132,750 USD hiyongereyeho inyungu zingana 43.879.95 USD, no kuyishyura 800.000 Frw y'igihembo cya Avoka n'ikurikiranarubanza mu bujurire, yiyongera 620.000 Frw yategetswe k’urwego rwa mbere. [10] CLAY'S FACTORY Ltd yajuririye uru Rukiko, ubujurire bwayo bwandikwa kuri RCOMAA 00006/2025/CA no kuri CMB RCOMAA 00008/2025/CA, ubujurire bwayo buhurizwa hamwe mu rubanza RCOMAA 00006/2025/CA-CMB RCOMAA 00008/2025/CA. [11] Urubanza rwaburanishijwe mu ruhame ku wa 12/01/2026, CLAY's FACTORY Ltd ihagarariwe na Me Mbituyimana Jean de Dieu, JIANSU LIANYUNGANG HESHUN NEW MATERIALS Ltd ihagarariwe na Me Rubasha Herbert, naho AFRICAN HILLS FAIR MINING Ltd mu izina ry'Umuyobozi wayo ihagarariwe na Me Byiringiro Kalisa; Me Rubasha Herbert abwira Urukiko ko aretse inzitizi yari yatanze ijyanye no kuba CLAY’S FACTORY Ltd yaratinze kujurira, naho ku bijyanye n’inzitizi yo kuba CLAY’S FACTORY Ltd yaratsinzwe mu nkiko zombi hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe; Urukiko rufatiye icyemezo mu ntebe rwasanze iyo nzitizi yatanzwe na JIANSU LIANYUNGANG HESHUN NEW MATERIALS Ltd nta shingiro ifite rushingiye ku kuba CLAY's FACTORY Ltd itaraciwe inyungu mu Rukiko rw'Ubucuruzi, ikazicibwa mu Rukiko Rukuru rw'Ubucuruzi, bivuze ko kuri icyo kibazo cy’inyungu CLAY's FACTORY Ltd itagitsinzweho mu nkiko zombi, bityo ko itatsinzwe mu nkiko zombi hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe; rwemeza ko rubanza rukomeza rukaburanishwa mu mizi yarwo.

[12] Mu myanzuro no mu miburanire byayo, CLAY’S FACTORY Ltd ivuga ko atari yo yagombaga gutegekwa kwishyura JIANSU LIANYUNGANG HESHUN NEW MATERIALS Ltd, ko ahubwo AFRICAN HILLS FAIR MINING Ltd ari yo yagombaga gutegekwa kuyishyura kuko ari yo bagiranye amasezerano kandi akaba ari yo yagombaga kuyigemurira amabuye y’agaciro. Ivuga kandi ko AFRICAN HILLS FAIR MINING Ltd yagombaga kugumishwa mu rubanza, ko rero Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwakoze ikosa ryo kwemeza ko itagombaga kugobokeshwa mu rubanza, ko kandi Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rutagombaga gusuzuma ikibazo cy’inyungu kuko itakijuririye, kandi kikaba kitasuzumwa nk’ubujurire bwuririye kubundi mu gihe nta bujurire bw’inyungu bwatanzwe, bityo ko zigomba kuvaho; isoza isaba amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka. [13] JIANSU LIANYUNGANG HESHUN NEW MATERIALS Ltd yiregura ivuga ko amasezerano yaregewe ari ayabaye hagati yayo na CLAY'S FACTORY Ltd, ko kandi ari yo yarezwe, bityo ko AFRICAN HILLS FAIR MINING Ltd itategekwa kwishyura ibikubiye mu masezerano itabayemo, ko kandi nta mpamvu yaguma mu rubanza, kuko CLAY’S FACTORY Ltd itabasha kugaragaza inyungu AFRICAN HILLS FAIR MINING Ltd ifite mu masezerano aburanwa, cyangwa ngo itange ikimenyetso kigaragaza ingaruka yagira kuri AFRICAN HILLS MINING Ltd, ku buryo igomba kugoboka mu rubanza. Ivuga kandi ko inyungu zatanzwe zishingiye ku Itegeko, ko ibyo CLAY'S FACTORY Ltd ivuga ko zitagombaga gusuzumwa, nta shingiro bifite, kuko yazisabye mu bujurire bwuririye ku bundi; isoza isaba amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka. [14] AFRICAN HILLS FAIR MINING Ltd ivuga ko idahakana amasezerano yo ku wa 24/11/2022 yo kugemura amabuye y’agaciro yo mu bwoko bwa kopa, ariko nk’uko yabigaragaje mu manza zabanje impamvu zatumye ayo masezerano atubahirizwa zitayiturutseho. Ivuga kandi ko yiteguye kugemurira JIANSU LIANYUNGANG HESHUN NEW MATERIALS Ltd amabuye bumvikanye mu masezerano bagiranye, iyi yaramuka itagikeneye ayo mabuye ikayishyura amadolari 132,750 USD, ariko ko ibyo byombi bikaba byashoboka mu gihe yaba yemeye ubwumvikane. [15] Muri uru rubanza Urukiko ruzasuzuma ibibazo bikurikira: 1) kumenya niba Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwarakoze ikosa ryo kwemeza ko CLAY’S FACTORY Ltd ari yo igombaga gutegekwa kwishyura JIANSU LIANYUNGANG HESHUN NEW MATERIALS Ltd; 2) niba AFRICAN HILLS FAIR MINING Ltd yaragombaga kugumishwa mu rubanza; 3) kumenya niba CLAY’S FACTORY Ltd yaragombaga gutegekwa kwishyura inyungu; 4) kumenya niba amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka asabwa muri uru rubanza afite ishingiro. II. IBIBAZO BIGIZE URUBANZA N’ISESENGURA RYABYO

1. Kumenya niba Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwarakoze ikosa ryo kwemeza ko CLAY’S FACTORY Ltd ari yo igomba gutegekwa kwishyura JIANSU LIANYUNGANG HESHUN NEW MATERIALS Ltd [16] Uhagarariye CLAY'S FACTORY Ltd avuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwirengagije uruhare rutaziguye AFRICAN HILLS FAIR MINING Ltd ifite, no kuba na yo ubwayo yiyemerera ko habayeho ubwishyu bumwe gusa amasezerano yombi ahuriraho, n’ibicuruzwa bikaba bimwe. Asobanura ko ku wa 30/11/2022, amadolari JIANSU LIANYUNGANG HESHUN NEW MATERIALS Ltd yishyuye amaze kugera kuri konti ya CLAY’S FACTORY Ltd, ku wa 01/12/2022, bukeye bw’aho na yo yahise iyohereza kuri konti ya AFRICAN HILLS FAIR MINING Ltd iri muri EQUITY BANK RWANDA Plc, nk’uko yari yabisabwe. Bityo ko icyo ari ikimenyetso kidashidikanywaho kigaragaza ko ugomba kwishyuzwa ari AFRICAN HILLS FAIR MINING Ltd, aho kuba CLAY’S FACTORY Ltd. [17] Avuga kandi ko ashingira ku bimenyetso bigizwe n’ubutumwa impande zombi zagiye zandikirana kuri ″wechat″ no kuri ″e-mail″, bivuguzuza (contre-lettre) ko amasezerano yo ku wa 26/11/2022, areba CLAY’S FACTORY Ltd, ko ahubwo bigaragaza ko ari AFRICAN HILLS FAIR MINING Ltd ifite inshingano zo kugemura amabuye y’agaciro. Asobanura ko kuri ″wechat″ yo ku wa 30/11/2022, CLAY’S FACTORY Ltd yandikiye JIANSU LIANYUNGANG HESHUN NEW MATERIALS Ltd iyimenyesha ko amadolari yahageze, ikayandikira n’indi yo ku wa 01/12/2022 iyisaba ko zahurira kuri Banki kugira ngo 132.750 USD ashyikirizwe ″supplier″; kandi kuri uwo munsi ayo madolari akava kuri konti ya CLAY’S FACTORY Ltd akajya kuri konti ya AFRICAN HILLS FAIR MINING Ltd. [18] Asobanura kandi ko muri document JIANSU LIANYUNGANG HESHUN NEW MATERIALS Ltd yoherereje CLAY’S FACTORY Ltd n’indi company yitwa SEAVMC Ltd, yiyemerera ko yishyuye AFRICAN HILLS FAIR MINING Ltd 132,750 USD, ko hari n’ibimenyetso bya e-mail, AFRICAN HILLS FAIR MINING Ltd yandikiye JIANSU LIANYUNGANG HESHUN NEW MATERIALS Ltd isaba ko baganira kuri 132.750 USD ikabyemera, ariko ko itagaragaza ko yaba yarishyuye ayo madolari abantu babiri (2) batandukanye. [19] Uhagarariye JIANSU LIANYUNGANG HESHUN NEW MATERIALS Ltd yiregura avuga ko nk’uko byagiye bisobanurwa n’uhagarariye JIANSU LIANYUNGANG HESHUN NEW MATERIALS Ltd mu rwego rw’amategeko, ndetse bikanagaragarizwa ibimenyetso, harezwe CLAY’S FACTORY Ltd, kandi ko n’amasezerano aregerwa ari ayabaye hagati ya JIANSU LIANYUNGANG HESHUN NEW MATERIALS Ltd na CLAY’S FACTORY Ltd. Bityo ko ibyo CLAY’S FACTORY Ltd ivuga nta shingiro bikwiye guhabwa, kuko atari AFRICAN HILLS FAIR MINING Ltd ikwiye gutegekwa kwishyura amadolari yahawe CLAY’S FACTORY Ltd, no kuba atari yo yarezwe, ndetse ikaba nta n’icyo ibazwa mu rubanza. [20] Avuga kandi ko ashingiye ku ngingo ya 113 y’Itegeko n° 45/2011 ryo ku wa 25/11/2011 rigenga amasezerano iteganya ko amasezerano agira inkurikizi ku bayagiranye gusa, ko atabangamira undi wese kandi amugirira akamaro gusa mu biteganyijwe bijyanye no gusezerana ibifitiye undi akamaro, asanga ibyo CLAY’S FACTORY Ltd ivuga nta shingiro bikwiye guhabwa, kuko byaba bisa nko guhindura ikiregerwa, kuko nk’uko bigaragara mu myanzuro ndetse no mu miburanire, ikiregerwa ari ugutegeka CLAY’S FACTORY Ltd kwishyura JIANSU

LIANYUNGANG HESHUN NEW MATERIALS Ltd umwenda ungana na 132.750 USD ukomoka ku kutubahiriza amasezerano. Bityo rero ko nta mpamvu yo gusuzuma ibijyanye no kumenya niba ari AFRICAN HILLS FAIR MINING Ltd ikwiye kwishyura, mu gihe harezwe CLAY’S FACTORY Ltd, ndetse ari na yo yishyuwe amadolari yo kugemura amabuye y’agaciro ariko ntibikore. [21] Akomeza avuga ko kuba hari andi masezerano JIANSU LIANYUNGANG HESHUN NEW MATERIALS Ltd ifitanye na AFRICAN HILLS FAIR MINING Ltd, ibyo nta gitangaza kirimo, kuko JIANSU LIANYUNGANG HESHUN NEW MATERIALS Ltd ari ikigo cy’ubucuruzi gisanzwe kigirana amasezerano atandukanye n’abacuruzi batandukanye, kandi ko iyo iza kuba ifitanye ikibazo na AFRICAN HILLS FAIR MINING Ltd yakabaye ari yo yarezwe. Bityo ko ibimenyetso CLAY’S FACTORY Ltd yita ibimenyetso mvuguruza (contre-lettre) nta gaciro byahabwa, kuko nta kamere (caractѐre) y’amasezerano yo mu bwoko bwa contre-lettre byujuje, kuko bigaragara ko ari ubutumwa budafite aho buhuriye no kuvuguruza amasezerano yo 16/11/2022. [22] AFRICAN HILLS FAIR MINING Ltd ivuga ko idahakana amasezerano yo ku wa 24/11/2022 yo kugemura amabuye y’agaciro yo mu bwoko bwa Copper, ariko nk’uko yabigaragaje mu manza zabanje impamvu zatumye ayo masezerano atubahirizwa zitayiturutseho. Ivuga kandi ko yiteguye kugemurira JIANSU LIANYUNGANG HESHUN NEW MATERIALS Ltd amabuye bumvikanye mu masezerano bagiranye, iyi yaramuka itagikeneye ayo mabuye ikayishyura 132.750 USD, ariko ko ibyo byombi bikaba byashoboka mu gihe yaba yemeye ubwumvikane. [23] Ikomeza ivuga ko CLAY’s FACTORY Ltd yakiriye amafaranga iyohereza kuri AFRICAN HILLS FAIR MINING Ltd ari yo mpamvu bafite impungenge, ko CLAY’S FACTORY Ltd ibaye yishyuye yazagaruka ikishyuza AFRICAN HILLS FAIR MINING Ltd, kuko ifite ibimenyetso byerekana ko yohereje ayo madolari muri AFRICAN HILLS FAIR MINING Ltd, kandi hakaba hari n’amasezerano yabaye hagati ya AFRICAN HILLS FAIR MINING Ltd na JIANSU LIANYUNGANG HESHUN NEW MATERIALS Ltd. Uko Urukiko rubibona [24] Impaka ziri muri iyi ngingo y’ubujurire zishingiye ku kumenya niba Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwarakoze ikosa ryo kwemeza ko CLAY’S FACTORY Ltd igomba gusubiza JIANSU LIANYUNGANG HESHUN NEW MATERIALS Ltd 132,750 USD yayihaye kugira ngo iyigemurire amabuye y’agaciro. Mu yandi magambo ni ukumenya niba Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwaragomba gutegeka ko ariya madolari avugwa muri uru rubanza asubizwa na AFRICAN HILLS FAIR MINING Ltd aho kuba CLAY’S FACTORY Ltd nk’uko byemejwe n’Urukiko. [25] Ingingo ya 150, agace ka 5 n’aka 6, y’Itegeko Nº 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018, ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi iteganya ibikurikira: “Ubujurire bukorwa mu buryo bw’umwanzuro utanga ikirego, ugaragaza 5° urutonde rw’inenge z’urubanza zisabirwa gukosorwa n’ibindi bibazo bigomba gusuzumwa; 6° ibisobanuro kuri buri nenge cyangwa kuri buri kibazo bigaragaza amakosa yakozwe n’uburyo agomba gukosorwa hashingiwe ku mategeko n’ibimenyetso n’igisabwa urukiko”.

[26] Ingingo ya 4 y’Itegeko N° 062/2024 ryo ku wa 20/06/2024 rigenga ibimenyetso iteganya ko urega cyangwa utanze ikibazo agaragaza ikimenyetso cy’ibyo aregera cyangwa asaba. Uwiregura agaragaza ikimenyetso gishyigikira ukwiregura kwe. Icyakora, umucamanza cyangwa ukemura ikibazo ashobora gutegeka umuburanyi cyangwa umwe mu bafitanye ikibazo cyangwa undi muntu gutanga cyangwa kwerekana ikimenyetso afite. [27] Nk’uko byagiye bisobanurwa n’uru Rukiko mu manza zitandukanye zirimo urubanza RCOMAA 00053/2024/CA, ingingo zivuzwe haruguru zumvikanisha ko ujurira afite inshingano yo kugaragaza ko hari inenge ziri mu rubanza rujuririrwa n’ibimenyetso bishimangira ko ibyo Urukiko rwemeje atari byo. Mu yandi magambo, ujurira agomba kugaragaza ikosa ryakozwe mu rubanza rujuririrwa, akagaragaza amategeko ashingiraho n’ibimenyetso bihamya ko ibyo avuga ari ukuri1. [28] Ku birebana n’uru rubanza, dosiye igaragaramo amasezerano abiri JIANSU LIANYUNGANG HESHUN NEW MATERIALS Ltd yagiranye na CLAY’S FACTORY Ltd ku wa 26/11/2022. Aya mbere yiswe Spodumene Sales and Purchase Agreement afite nimero CLAY–Zs/2022/11/26 yari agamije kugemurira JIANSU LIANYUNGANG HESHUN NEW MATERIALS Ltd amabuye y’agaciro yo mu bwoko bwa Lithium Ore SPODUMENE. Aya kabiri yiswe Copper Ore Sales & Purchase Agreement afite nimero CLAY –Zs/2022/11/26 yari agamije kuyigemurira amabuye yo mu bwoko bwa Copper. [29] Dosiye igaragaza kandi, ko mu rwego rwo gushyira mu bikorwa amasezerano yavuzwe haruguru, JIANSU LIANYUNGANG HESHUN NEW MATERIALS Ltd yashyize 132,750 UDS kuri konti ya CLAY’S FACTORY Ltd ifite No: 4015200794279 iri muri EQUITY BANK RWANDA Plc; aya madolari akaba yari ayo CLAY’S FACTORY Ltd yari gukoresha igurira JIANSU LIANYUNGANG HESHUN NEW MATERIALS Ltd amabuye y’agaciro yavuzwe haruguru. [30] Dosiye igaragaza na none ko ku wa 01/12/2022, CLAY’S FACTORY Ltd nayo yoherereje AFRICAN HILLS FAIR MINING Ltd 132,750 USD. Aya madolari akaba angana n’ayo JIANSU LIANYUNGANG HESHUN NEW MATERIALS Ltd yashyize kuri konti ya CLAY’S FACTORY Ltd mu rwego rwo kugira ngo iyigurire amabuye y’agaciro yavuzwe haruguru. [31] Ikidashidikanywaho nuko JIANSU LIANYUNGANG HESHUN NEW MATERIALS Ltd na CLAY’S FACTORY Ltd bemeranya ko ayo mabuye atigeze agurwa, ahubwo impaka zishingiye ku kuba CLAY’S FACTORY Ltd itemera ko ari yo igomba gusubiza JIANSU LIANYUNGANG HESHUN NEW MATERIALS Ltd 132.750 USD yayihaye kugira ngo iyigurire amabaye y’agaciro yavuzwe haruguru. [32] Urukiko rurasanga, nk’uko inkiko zabanje zabibonye, ku bijyanye na 132,750 USD aburanwa muri uru rubanza, akomoka ku masezerano JIANSU LIANYUNGANG HESHUN NEW MATERIALS Ltd yagiranye na CLAY’S FACTORY Ltd. Muri ayo masezerano, ntaho AFRICAN HILLS FAIR MINING Ltd igaragara; bivuze ko ayo masezerano atayireba akaba nta n’inkurikizi yayigiraho nk’uko biteganywa n’ingingo ya 113, igika cya mbere, y’Itegeko 1 Reba urubanza No RCOMAA 00053/2024/CA rwaciwe ku wa 28/03/2025, haburana ENTREPRISE D’ADDUCTION D’EAU ET DE CONSTRUCTION (EADECO) n’AKARERE KA GATSIBO.

N°45/2011 ryo ku wa 25/11/2011 rigenga amasezerano, ko amasezerano agira inkurikizi ku bayagiranye gusa, ko atabangamira undi wese kandi ko amugirira akamaro gusa mu biteganyijwe bijyanye no gusezerana ibifitiye undi akamaro. Mu yandi magambo, amasezerano avugwa haruguru ajyanye na 132.750 USD areba abayigiranye kandi nibo bafite inshingano yo kuyubahiriza nk’uko biteganywa n’ingingo ya 64 y’Itegeko N°45/2011 ryo ku wa 25/11/2011 ryibukijwe haruguru. [33] Urukiko rurasanga nk’uko byagaragajwe haruguru, amasezerano JIANSU LIANYUNGANG HESHUN NEW MATERIALS Ltd yaregeye yayakoranye na CLAY’S FACTORY Ltd, JIANSU LIANYUNGANG HESHUN NEW MATERIALS Ltd yubahirije inshingano zayo kuko yishyuye CLAY’S FACTORY Ltd 132,750 USD yo kuyigurira amabuye y’agaciro kandi ibi CLAY’S FACTORY Ltd nayo ntibihakana, kandi yemera ko itigeze isubiza JIANSU LIANYUNGANG HESHUN NEW MATERIALS Ltd 132,750 USD nta nubwo yayihaye amabuye y’agaciro yagombaga kuyigurira. [34] Urukiko rurasanga nk’uko Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwabibonye, CLAY’S FACTORY Ltd ari yo ifite inshingano yo gusubiza JIANSU LIANYUNGANG HESHUN NEW MATERIALS Ltd, 132.750 USD yayihaye kugira ngo iyigurire amabuye y’agaciro. Ku ba ayo mabuye atarabonetse kandi ari cyo ariya madolari yatangiwe kandi akaba nta wundi wayahawe utari CLAY’S FACTORY Ltd, bivuze ko ari yo ifite inshingano yo kuyasubiza kuko itubahirije ibyo yasezeranye. [35] Urukiko rurasanga CLAY’S FACTORY Ltd igomba gusubiza JIANSU LIANYUNGANG HESHUN NEW MATERIALS Ltd 132.750 USD yayihaye kuko itashoboye kuyigurira amabuye y’agaciro nk’uko byari biteganyijwe mu masezerano impande zombi zagiranye ku wa 26/11/2022. [36] Ku byo uhagarariye CLAY’S FACTORY Ltd avuga ko ayo madolari yayahaye AFRICAN HILLS FAIR MINING Ltd, iyi ntiyatanga amabuye y’agaciro, ko rero ari yo igomba gutegekwa gusubiza JIANSU LIANYUNGANG HESHUN NEW MATERIALS 132,750 USD, Urukiko rurasanga nta shingiro bifite, kuko nk’uko byasobanuwe haruguru, amasezerano aregerwa muri uru rubanza ni ayabaye hagati ya JIANSU LIANYUNGANG HESHUN NEW MATERIALS na CLAY’S FACTORY Ltd, akaba ntaho areba AFRICAN HILLS FAIR MINING Ltd. Ikindi, nta kibuza CLAY’S FACTORY Ltd gukurikirana 132.750 USD mu maboko y’uwo yayahaye. [37] Urukiko rurasanga ibyo CLAY’S FACTORY Ltd ivuga ko yagiranye amasezerano na JIANSU LIANYUNGANG HESHUN NEW MATERIALS Ltd kugira ngo iyifashe kugira ngo ibone uko yohereza ayo madolari, nta shingiro byahabwa, kuko ntaho bihuriye n’ibikubiye mu masezerano izo sosiyete zombi zagiranye. Urukiko rurasanga ibyo CLAY’S FACTORY Ltd ivuga iyo biza kuba ari ukuri nta cyari kubuza izi sosiyete zombi gukorana amasezerano agaragaza neza ko JIANSU LIANYUNGANG HESHUN NEW MATERIALS Ltd ihaye CLAY’S FACTORY Ltd ubutumwa bwo kuyigereza kuri AFRICAN HILLS FAIR MINING Ltd 132.750 USD, iyi ikazayigemurira amabuye y’agaciro yavuzwe haruguru. Ikindi, nta cyari kubuza izi sosiyeti zombi kugaragaza mu masezerano zagiranye ko CLAY’S FACTORY Ltd ntacyo igomba kuryozwa mu bikubiye muri ayo masezerano kuko yo iyarimo nk’ufasha. Kuba rero nta bigaragara mu masezerano impande zombi zagiranye ku wa 26/11/2022, birumvikana ko ibyo uhagarariye CLAY’S FACTORY Ltd avuga nta shingiro byahabwa.

[38] Urukiko rurasanga na none ibya contre-lettre (inyandiko ivuguruza amasezerano) CLAY’S FACTORY Ltd iburanisha ntacyo byayimarira kuko nta kigaragaza ko amasezerano JIANSU LIANYUNGANG HESHUN NEW MATERIALS Ltd yaregeye muri uru rubanza ari contre- lettre, cyane CLAY’S FACTORY Ltd itagaragaza andi masezerano yagiranye na JIANSU LIANYUNGANG HESHUN NEW MATERIALS Ltd, ku buryo amasezerano aburanwa yaba ayavuguruza. [39] Ku bijyanye n’ibimenyetso CLAY’S FACTORY Ltd ishingiraho ivuga ko AFRICAN HILLS FAIR MINING Ltd ari yo igomba kwishyura, bigizwe nuko ku wa 01/12/2022, yohereje 132,750 USD kuri konti ya AFRICAN HILLS FAIR MINING Ltd iri muri EQUITY BANK RWANDA Plc, ubutumwa impande zombi zagiye zandikirana kuri ″wechat″ no kuri ″e-mail″, document JIANSU LIANYUNGANG HESHUN NEW MATERIALS Ltd yoherereje CLAY’S FACTORY Ltd n’indi company yitwa SEAVMC Ltd, yiyemerera ko yishyuye AFRICAN HILLS FAIR MINING Ltd 132.750 USD, n’ibimenyetso bya e-mail, AFRICAN HILLS FAIR MINING Ltd yandikiye JIANSU LIANYUNGANG HESHUN NEW MATERIALS Ltd isaba ko baganira kuri 132.750 USD ikabyemera, Urukiko rurasanga ibi bimenyetso ntacyo byafasha muri uru rubanza, mu gihe amasezerano aburanwa ari ayo yagiranye na JIANSU LIANYUNGANG HESHUN NEW MATERIALS Ltd kandi akaba ari ntaho avuga ko CLAY’S FACTORY Ltd yari umufasha nk’uko ishaka kubyumvikanisha. [40] Hashingiwe ku bisobanuro bimaze gutangwa, Urukiko rurasanga nta kosa Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwakoze mu gutegeka CLAY’S FACTORY Ltd kwishyura JIANSU LIANYUNGANG HESHUN NEW MATERIALS Ltd, 132,750 USD aburanwa; bityo ubujurire bwa CLAY’S FACTORY Ltd, kuri iyi ngingo, nta shingiro bufite. 2. Kumenya niba AFRICAN HILLS FAIR MINING Ltd yaragombaga kugumishwa mu rubanza [41] Uhagarariye CLAY'S FACTORY Ltd avuga ko kuba amasezerano yombi avugwa afitanye isano, AFRICAN HILLS FAIR MINING Ltd igomba kugumishwa mu rubanza nk’umuburanyi, kandi igategekwa kuba ari yo yishyura JIANSU LIANYUNGANG HESHUN NEW MATERIALS Ltd. Asaba ko icyemezo cyafashwe n’Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi mu rubanza rujuririrwa RCOMA 00367/2024/HCC gikurwaho, kuko Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi mu kugifata rwirengagije ukuri kugaragara. Avuga kandi ko nk’uko bigaragara mu gika cya 10 cy’urubanza RCOM 01165/2023/TC AFRICAN HILLS FAIR MINING Ltd yabaye umuburanyi, aho yari ihagarariwe na Me Kayijuka, hakaza kuba ikosa ryo kuba itaranditswe mu baburanyi. Bityo ko mu rubanza rujuririrwa yari gukomeza kuba umuburanyi kugira ngo abe ari yo iryozwa 132,750 USD. [42] Uhagarariye JIANSU LIANYUNGANG HESHUN NEW MATERIALS Ltd yiregura avuga ko ibivugwa na CLAY'S FACTORY Ltd nta shingiro bikwiriye guhabwa, kuko nk’uko ku ruhande rwa JIANSU LIANYUNGANG HESHUN NEW MATERIALS Ltd babisobanuye, amasezerano yo ku wa 26/11/2022 ari na yo aregerwa muri uru rubanza, AFRICAN HILLS FAIR MINING Ltd itayagizemo uruhande (party), bityo ko itagomba kugira ibyo iryozwa mu masezerano itagizemo uruhare, ndetse ko itanagaragaza uburyo iyubahirizwa ry’ayo masezerano ryagira ingaruka kuri AFRICAN HILLS FAIR MINING Ltd, ku buryo iyo yaba impamvu yagobokeshwa.

[43] Asobanura ko ibyo bishimangirwa n’ihame rikomeye rya ″effet relatif du contrat″, riteganywa n’ingingo ya 64 y’Itegeko N° 45/2011 ryo kuwa 25/11/2011 rigenga amasezerano iteganya ko amasezerano akozwe ku buryo bukurikije amategeko aba itegeko ku bayagiranye, ingingo ya 44 y’iryo Tegeko iteganya ko iyo inyandiko y’amasezerano yashyizweho umukono na bamwe mu mpande zombi zo mu masezerano, ayo masezerano agira agaciro ku bayashyizeho umukono ariko ntakagira ku bandi, ndetse n’ingingo ya 113 y’Itegeko n° 45/2011 rimaze kuvugwa haruguru iteganya ko amasezerano agira inkurikizi ku bayagiranye gusa, ko atabangamira undi wese kandi amugirira akamaro gusa mu biteganyijwe bijyanye no gusezerana ibifitiye undi akamaro. [44] Asobanura kandi ko ihame ryo kugirana isano ishingiye ku masezerano abahanga mu mategeko barisobanuye mu buryo bwumvikana, aho uwitwa CLIONA KELLY mu gitabo cye yise “Privity of contract – the benefits of reform”, kuri p.145 yagize ati: “The rule of privity of contract means that only the parties to a contract have enforceable rights and obligations under the contract. A third party to the contract cannot enforce any of its terms nor have any burdens from that contract enforced on them”, ugenekereje bikaba bishatse kuvuga ko: ″ihame ryo kugirana isano ishingiye ku masezerano, risobanuye ko gusa abagize amasezerano bafite uburenganzira bwo gusaba ko yubahirizwa bakagira n’ishingano zikomoka kuri ayo masezerano. Utari mu masezerano, ntashobora gusaba iyubahirizwa imwe mu ngingo zayo cyangwa ngo agire inshingano ituruka kuri ayo masezerano″. [45] Akomeza asobanura ko uwo muhanga mu mategeko iyi myumvire ayihuriyeho n’undi witwa Ewan McKendrick, aho mu gitabo yise ″Contract Law: Text, Cases, and Materials” (5th Ed), kuri page ya 952 yagize ati: ″…the contract creates rights and imposes obligations only between the parties to the contract: the third party thus neither acquires rights under the contract nor is he subject to liabilities. This general rule is known as the doctrine of privity of contract″, ugenekereje mu Kinyarwanda bikaba bivuze ko amasezerano ashyiraho uburenganzira kandi akarema inshingano hagati y’abayagiranye, ko utari muri ayo masezerano atayakuramo uburenganzira kandi nta n’inshingano agomba kumushyiraho. Bityo ko ibyo CLAY’S FACTORY Ltd isaba nta shingiro bifite, kuko itabasha kugaragaza inyungu AFRICAN HILLS FAIR MINING Ltd ifite mu masezerano aburanwa, cyangwa ngo itange ikimenyetso kigaragaza ingaruka yagira kuri AFRICAN HILLS MINING Ltd, ku buryo igomba kugoboka mu rubanza. [46] Uhagarariye AFRICAN HILLS MINING Ltd avuga ko mu Rukiko rw’Ubucuruzi AFRICAN HILLS FAIR MINING Ltd itashyizwe kuri kopi y’urubanza nk’umuburanyi kandi yaragobokeshejwe mu rubanza, ko n’Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwemeje ko itagombaga kuba mu rubanza, ari nabyo CLAY’s FACTORY Ltd ijuririra, akaba asanga bigomba gusuzumwa Uko Urukiko rubibona [47] Nk’uko byibukijwe mu ngingo y’ubujurire ibanziriza iyi, ujurira afite inshingano yo kugaragaza ko hari inenge ziri mu rubanza rujuririrwa n’ibimenyetso bishimangira ko ibyo Urukiko rwemeje atari byo. [48] Urukiko rurasanga kuba byagaragaye ko AFRICAN HILLS MINING Ltd nta ruhare na rumwe ifite mu masezerano yo ku wa 26/11/2022 ari na yo aregerwa muri uru rubanza, bivuze ko nta n’icyo yarikwiye kubazwa kijyanye n’ayo masezerano, kuko iri hanze y’ayo masezerano (third

party); bityo nta kosa Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwakoze mu kwemeza ko AFRICAN HILLS MINING Ltd itagombaga kugobokeshwa mu rubanza. 3. Kumenya niba CLAY’S FACTORY Ltd yaragombaga gutegekwa kwishyura inyungu [49] Uhagarariye CLAY'S FACTORY Ltd avuga ko mu gika cya 63 cy’urubanza rujuririrwa RCOMA 00367/2024/HCC, Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwaciye CLAY’S FACTORY Ltd inyungu zingana na 43,879.95 USD zidafite aho zishingiye. Asobanura ko mu Rukiko rw’Ubucurizi nta nyungu JIANSU LIANYUNGANG HESHUN NEW MATERIALS Ltd yahawe, kandi ko itazijuririye mu Rukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi, ko rero Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rutagombaga gusuzuma ibijyanye n’inyungu, kuko icyo kibazo kitajuririwe, kandi ko bashyize muri sisitemu umurongo watanzwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire uvuga ko ubujurire buburanishwa mu mbibi z’icyajuririwe, nk’uko bigaragara mu cyegeranyo bashyize muri sisitemu kiri ku mugereka wa 9, urupapuro rwa 6 rw’icyo Cyegeranyo. [50] Avuga kandi ko bitari gushoboka ko inyungu zisuzumwa nk’ubujurire bwuririye ku bundi, mu gihe CLAY'S FACTORY Ltd itigeze ijuririra inyungu. Bityo ko mu rubanza nº RCOMA 00367/2024/HCC rujuririrwa Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rutagombaga gusuzuma ibirebana n’inyungu, kuko zitari zajuririwe. [51] Uhagarariye JIANSU LIANYUNGANG HESHUN NEW MATERIALS Ltd mu kwiregura kuri iyi ngingo y’ubujurire avuga ko nta shingiro ifite, kuko inyungu yaciwe zari zishingiye ku Itegeko, kuko JIANSU LIANYUNGANG HESHUN NEW MATERIALS Ltd yatanze 132,750 USD kugeza ubu ikaba itarayasubizwa. [52] Avuga kandi ko ibyo CLAY'S FACTORY Ltd ivuga ko inyungu zitagombaga gusuzumwa nta shingiro bifite, kuko JIANSU LIANYUNGANG HESHUN NEW MATERIALS Ltd ikimara kubona ubujurire bwa CLAY’S FACTORY Ltd yatanze ubujurire bwuririye ku bwayo isaba ko yahabwa inyungu z’amafaranga yaburanwaga. Bityo ko kuba ikiburanwa cyari kimwe, nta cyari kubuza JIANSU LIANYUNGANG HESHUN NEW MATERIALS Ltd gusaba inyungu z’ayo madolari yagombaga kwishyurwa. [53] Uhagarariye AFRICAN HILLS FAIR MINING Ltd avuga ko AFRICAN HILLS FAIR MINING Ltd yemera ko ifitanye na JIANSU LIANYUNGANG HESHUN NEW MATERIALS Ltd amasezerano, ko kandi ayo masezerano agihari, ko rero yemera kwishyura. Uko Urukiko rubibona [54] Impaka kuri iyi ngingo y’ubujurire zishingiye ku kumenya niba ubujurire bwuririye ku bundi bwatanzwe na JIANSU LIANYUNGANG HESHUN NEW MATERIALS Ltd mu Rukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi, aho yasabye guhabwa inyungu bwaragombaga gusuzumwa mu gihe CLAY'S FACTORY Ltd nta nyungu yari yaciwe ku rwego rwa mbere, ikaba itarigeze ijuririra ibijyanye n’inyungu. [55] Impaka nk’izi zafashweho umurongo mu rubanza RCOMAA 00013/2024/CA, rwaciwe n’uru Rukiko ku wa 27/02/2025, haburana OVERSEAS LOGISTICS & GENERAL SERVICES

Ltd na IGNITE POWER RWANDA Ltd, aho rwasobanuye ko ibyo IGNITE POWER RWANDA Ltd isaba mu bujurire bwuririye ku bundi ari byo yagombye kuba yarajuririye mu buryo no mu bihe biteganywa n’amategeko, kuko inyungu z’amafaranga yose yatanze isaba zidashingiye ku kwiregura kwayo ku bujurire bwatanzwe na OVERSEAS LOGISTICS & GENERAL SERVICES Ltd. Bityo rwemeza ko ingingo y’ubujurire yatanzwe na IGNITE POWER RWANDA Ltd iyita ubujurire bwuririye ku bundi itagomba kwakirwa ngo isuzumwe. [56] Ku birebana n’iyi ngingo y’ubujurire, dosiye y’urubanza igaragaza ko ku rwego rwa mbere, mu rubanza RCOM 01165/2023/TC rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi ku wa 17/05/2024, nta nyungu CLAY'S FACTORY Ltd yaciwe, ikaba yajuririye Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi irusaba gusuzuma niba Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi rutarahaye agaciro ibisobanuro byatanzwe na CLAY'S FACTORY Ltd ku masezerano kandi byarashyigikiwe n’uwakiriye amafaranga ari we AFRICAN HILLS FAIR MINING Ltd n’ishingiro ry’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka yaciwe ku rwego rwa mbere. [57] Dosiye igaragaza na none ko JIANSU LIANYUNGANG HESHUN NEW MATERIALS Ltd yuririye kuri ubwo bujurire bwa CLAY'S FACTORY Ltd isaba Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi gusuzuma niba CLAY’S FACTORY Ltd itarategetswe kwishyura inyungu, yategekwa kuzishyura kandi zigakomeza kubarwa kubera kwica amasezerano. Ubu bujurire bwuririye ku bundi bwatanzwe mu Rukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi ku wa 06/09/2024, mu gihe urubanza rwajuririrwa rwashyizwe muri sisitemu ku wa 30/05/2024; bikaba bigaragara ko ubujurire bwuririye ku bundi bwatanzwe nyuma y’amezi atatu urubanza rujuririrwa rushyizwe muri sisitemu. [58] Urukiko rurasanga, kuba icyo CLAY'S FACTORY Ltd yajuririye mu Rukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi ari ikibazo kirebana no gusuzuma niba Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi rutarahaye agaciro ibisobanuro byatanzwe na CLAY'S FACTORY Ltd ku masezerano kandi byarashyigikiwe n’uwakiriye amafaranga ari we AFRICAN HILLS FAIR MINING, JIANSU LIANYUNGANG HESHUN NEW MATERIALS Ltd ikazana ikibazo cyo guhabwa inyungu, kiterekeranye n’ubujurire bwatanzwe na CLAY'S FACTORY Ltd, bigaragara ko ikibazo cyo guhabwa inyungu JIANSU LIANYUNGANG HESHUN NEW MATERIALS Ltd yakagombye kuba yarakijuririye mu buryo no mu bihe biteganywa n’amategeko, kuko ntaho gihuriye no kwiregura ku bujurire bwa CLAY'S FACTORY Ltd. Bityo ingingo y’ubujurire irebana n’inyungu iyi yatanze ivuga ko ari ubujurire bwuririye ku bwa CLAY'S FACTORY Ltd, Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi ntirwagombaga kuyakira ngo ruyisuzume. [59] Ibi binahura kandi n’umurongo wafashwe mu rubanza RS/INJUST/RSOC 00011/2023/CA2, aho uru Rukiko rwasobanuye ko ingingo y’ubujurire Habimana Hassan yatanze irebana no kumenya niba yarirukanwe ku kazi mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko avuga ko ari ubujurire bwuririye ku bwa JALI TRANSPORT Ltd, Urukiko Rukuru rutaragombaga kuyakira ngo ruyisuzume, kuko ntaho yari ihuriye no kwiregura ku ngingo z’ubujurire zatanzwe na JALI TRANSPORT Ltd. [60] Hashingiwe kuri ibyo bisobanuro, Urukiko rurasanga inyungu CLAY'S FACTORY Ltd yaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi zingana n’amadolari ibihumbi mirongo ine na bitatu 2 Reba urubanza No RS/INJUST/RSOC 00011/2023/CA rwaciwe ku wa 24/01/2025, haburana HABIMANA Hassan na JALI TRANSPORT Ltd

magana inani mirongo irindwi n’icyenda n’ibice mirongo icyenda na bitanu (43,879.95 USD), zigomba kuvaho. 4.Kumenya niba amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka asabwa muri uru rubanza afite ishingiro [61] Uhagarariye CLAY'S FACTORY Ltd asaba Urukiko rw’Ubujurire gutegaka JIANSU LIANYUNGANG HESHUN NEW MATERIALS Ltd guha CLAY’S FACTORY Ltd 500.000 Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza, harimo ingendo, gufotoza ibimenyetso, kumenyesha ababuranyi n’ibindi, kuyiha 1.000.000 Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka no kuyisubiza amafaranga y’igarama yishyuye kuri uru rwego, hamwe na 620.000 Frw yatanze ku rwego rwa mbere na 840.000 Frw yo ku rwego rwa kabiri. [62] Avuga kandi ko mafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’ay’igihembo cya Avoka JIANSU LIANYUNGANG HESHUN NEW MATERIALS Ltd isaba ntayo ikwiye guhabwa kuko yajuriye igamije kurengera uburenganzira bwayo. [63] Uhagarariye JIANSU LIANYUNGANG HESHUN NEW MATERIALS Ltd ashingiye ku ngingo ya 111 y’Itegeko Nº 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryavuzwe haruguru asaba Urukiko rw’Ubujurire gutegeka CLAY’S FACTORY Ltd kwishyura JIANSU LIANYUNGANG HESHUN NEW MATERIALS Ltd 1.000.000 Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza na 3.000.000 Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka, yose hamwe akaba miliyoni enye (4.000.000 Frw) yiyongera ku yo Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwari rwategetse. [64] Avuga kandi ko amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza CLAY’S FACTORY Ltd isaba JIANSU LIANYUNGANG HESHUN NEW MATERIALS Ltd nta shingiro yahabwa, kuko n’ubujurire bwayo nta shingiro bufite. Uko Urukiko rubibona [65] Urukiko rurasanga nta ruhande na rumwe rukwiriye kugenerwa amafaranga y’igihembo cya Avoka n’ay’ikurikiranarubanza, kuri uru rwego, kuko buri ruhande rufite ibyo rwatsindiwe. Bityo buri ruhande rugomba kwirengera ibyo rwatakaje muri rubanza kuri uru rwego. Urukiko rurasanga hagomba kugumaho amafaranga y’ibyagiye ku rubanza CLAY’S FACTORY Ltd yategetswe kwishyura JIANSU LIANYUNGANG HESHUN NEW MATERIALS Ltd mu manza zabanje ahwanye na miliyoni imwe n’ibihumbi magana ane na makumyabiri (1.420.000 Frw). III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [66] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa CLAY’S FACTORY Ltd bufite ishingiro kuri bimwe. [67] Rwemeje ko urubanza RCOMA 00367/2024/HCC rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi ku wa 13/12/2024, ruhindutse gusa ku bijyanye n’inyungu CLAY’S FACTORY Ltd yaciwe muri urwo rubanza zingana n’amadolari ibihumbi mirongo ine na bitatu magana inani mirongo irindwi n’icyenda n’ibice mirongo icyenda na bitanu (43.879,95 USD), zivanyweho.

[68] Rutegetse CLAY’S FACTORY Ltd kwishyura JIANSU LIANYUNGANG HESHUN NEW MATERIALS Ltd amadolari ibihumbi ijana na mirongo itatu na bibiri magana arindwi mirongo itanu (132.750 USD) iyibereyemo. [69] Rutegetse CLAY’S FACTORY Ltd kwishyura JIANSU LIANYUNGANG HESHUN NEW MATERIALS Ltd amafaranga y’ibyagiye ku rubanza yategetswe mu manza zabanje ahwanye na miliyoni imwe n’ibihumbi magana ane na makumyabiri (1.420.000 Frw). [70] Ruvuze ko ingwate y’amagarama yatanzwe ihwanye n’ibyakozwe mu rubanza.