COGEBANQUE Ltd v. MUVUNYI

COGEBANQUE Ltd v. MUVUNYI

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2014-06-13 - Case/document no.: RCOMAA 007/13/CS - Collection: Supreme Court

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COGEBANQUE Ltd v. MUVUNYI [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’IKIRENGA – RCOMAA 007/13/CS (Mutashya, P.J., Rugabirwa na Gakwaya, J.) 13 Juin 2014] Itegeko rigena ububasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga – Ububasha bw’urukiko – Agaciro k’ikiburanwa – Mu gihe urega nta gaciro k’ikiburanwa yashyize mu nyandiko y’ikirego,n‘umucamanza wa mbere ntakagene,umucamanza wo mu rwego rw‘ubujurire ashobora gukoresha expertise cyangwa inyandiko zigize urubanza kugirango amenye agaciro k’icyabyaye impaka, ako gaciro k’icyabyaye impaka kakaba ariko kagena ububasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga. Itegeko Ngenga n° 01/2004 ryo kuwa 29/01/2004 rigena imitunganyirize, imikorere n’ububasha by’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga, ingingo ya 43. Incamake y’ikibazo: COGEBANQUE Ltd yahaye Mukarugwiza Sophie inguzanyo ingana na 190.000.000 Frw, nawe atanga ingwate ku mutungo utimukanwa w’umuryango wa Muvunyi Samson, iyo nguzanyo yishingirwa na Muvunyi Paul umwe mu bazungura ba Muvunyi Samson. Muvunyi Yvonne, Muvunyi Michel na Muvunyi Evode abana ba Muvunyi Samson na Mukarugwiza Sophie bavukana na Muvunyi Paul bakimenya batanze ikirego mu Rukiko rw’Ubucuruzi basaba ko amasezerano y’inguzanyo yateshwa agaciro kubera ko batemeranya ku itangwa ry’uwo mutungo nk’ingwate kandi bose bawusangiye. COGEBANQUE Ltd yatanze inzitizi ivuga ko Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi nta bubasha rufite bwo kuburanisha kubera ko ikiburanwa kirenze 20.000.000Frw,Urukiko rwemeza ko nta

shingiro ifite kubera ko ikiburanwa ari ugutesha agaciro amasezerano y’ingwate, rwemeza kandi ko amasezerano y’ubugwate bw’umutungo utimukanwa, iteshejwe agaciro. Nyuma yaho COGEBANQUE Ltd yajuririye mu Rukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi ivuga ko Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi rwaciye urubanza rudafitiye ububasha, ivuga ko COGEBANQUE Ltd yemeye ingwate kubera ko Mukarugwiza yerekanye icyemezo cy’umutungo, ivuga ko rero hagendewe kuri Théorie de l’apparence, COGEBANQUE Ltd nta kosa yakoze, Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwemeza ko urubanza rwajuririwe rudahindutse. COGEBANQUE Ltd yajuririye nanone mu Rukiko rw’Ikirenga ivuga ko urubanza rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi rwagombaga gukurwaho kuko rutari mu bubasha bwarwo, ivuga kandi ko ingwate yateshejwe agaciro kandi yaratanzwe mu buryo bwemewe n’amategeko, ivuga ko umucamanza yirengagije gusaba ikigo gishinzwe umutungo kamere kwerekana uwanditse ku mutungo watanzweho ingwate. Abazungura ba Muvunyi Samson nabo bavuga ko ubujurire bwa COGEBANQUE ntibukwiye kwakirwa hashingiwe ku kiburanwa. Bavuga kandi ko nta bubasha Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rufite rwo kwakira urubanza COGEBANQUE Ltd yajuririye, kuko nta rukiko rwaba mu rwego rwa mbere cyangwa mu rwego rw’ubujurire rwigeze ruburanisha ngo rugenemo indishyi zingana cyangwa zirenze miliyoni makumyabiri (20.000.000 Frw) cyangwa ikiburanwa cy’agaciro kangana cyangwa karenze amafaranga miliyoni makumyabiri. Abazungura ba Muvunyi Samson bavuga kandi ko icyaregewe ni iseswa ry’amasezerano y’ingwate zatanzwe mu buryo budakurikije amategeko, COGEBANQUE Ltd irazakira, inkiko

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zombi, rwaba urw’ubucuruzi cyangwa Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi zikaba zaragarukiye mu kureba niba uburyo inzira y’itangwa ry’izo ngwate yarakurikije amategeko, ko zitigeze zigena agaciro k’ikiburanwa. Mukarugwiza Sophie na Muvunyi Paul bavuga ko basanga ubujurire bwa COGEBANQUE Ltd butari mu bubasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga kuko ikiburanwa atari amasezerano y’inguzanyo ahubwo ari ingwate yatanzwe kuri ayo masezerano ikaba itabarirwa amafaranga, ari nabyo umucamanza wo mu rukiko rukuru yavuze, ko rero iyo biza kuba ari amasezerano Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwari kuba rufite ububasha,COGEBANQUE Ltd ikaba itishyuza umwenda, ahubwo ikibazo ari ingwate. COGEBANQUE ivuga ko ingwate yatanzwe ku nguzanyo iri mu bubasha bw’urukiko rw’ikirenga kubera ko ingwate ifite agaciro kayo kazwi, arinako gashingirwaho mu kugena ububasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga, ivuga ko umucamanza yasobanuye neza ko niba urubanza rujyanye n’ingwate hazashingirwa ku gaciro kayo. Incamake y’icyemezo: 1. Mu gihe urega nta gaciro k’ikiburanwa yashyize mu nyandiko y’ikirego,n‘umucamanza wa mbere ntakagene,umucamanza wo mu rwego rw‘ubujurire ashobora gukoresha expertise cyangwa inyandiko zigize urubanza kugirango amenye agaciro k’icyabyaye impaka, ako gaciro k’icyabyaye impaka kakaba ariko kagena ububasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga. Bityo kuba hari inyandiko igaragaza agaciro k’ingwate yatanzwe kangana na 290.000.000 frws, ubujurire

buri mu bubasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rufite ububasha bwo kuburanisha uru rubanza. Amagarama y’urubanza arasubitswe. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko Ngenga n° 01/2004 ryo kuwa 29/01/2004 rigena imitunganyirize, imikorere n’ububasha by’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga yakoreshwaga igihe ubujurire bwatangagwa, ingingo ya 43,. Nta manza zashingiweho. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Kuwa 05/07/2006, MUKARUGWIZA Sophie yagiranye amasezerano na COGEBANQUE Ltd y’inguzanyo ingana na 190.000.000 Frw atanga ingwate ku mutungo utimukanwa w’umuryango wa MUVUNYI Samson, yishingirwa na MUVUNYI Paul umwe mu bazungura ba MUVUNYI Samson. [2] MUVUNYI Yvonne, MUVUNYI Michel na MUVUNYI Evode abana ba MUVUNYI Samson na MUKARUGWIZA Sophie bavukana na MUVUNYI Paul bakimenya iby’iyo nguzanyo n’ingwate, batanze ikirego mu Rukiko rw’Ubucuruzi basaba ko amasezerano y’inguzanyo yateshwa agaciro kubera ko batemeranya ku itangwa ry’uwo mutungo nk’ingwate kandi bose bawusangiye.

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[3] Mu Rukiko rw’Ubucuruzi, ababuranira COGEBANQUE Ltd batanze inzitizi bavuga ko Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi nta bubasha rufite kubera ko ikiburanwa kirenze 20.000.000Frw,Urukiko rwemeza ko nta shingiro ifite kubera ko ikiburanwa ari ugutesha agaciroamasezerano y’ingwate. Naho ku bijyanye n’urubanza mu mizi, Urukiko rwemeje ko ikirego cyatanzwe na MUVUNYI Yvonne, MUVUNYI Michel na MUVUNYI Evode gifiteishingiro, ko amasezerano y’ubugwate bw’umutungo utimukanwa kuri Parcelle ebyirinº 487 i Nyarugenge na Parcelle nº 1046 iri mu Kiyovu, iteshejwe agaciro. [4] COGEBANQUE Ltd yajuririye urubanza mu Rukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi ivuga ko Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi rwaciye urubanza rudafitiye ububasha, ko COGEBANQUE Ltd yemeye ingwate kubera ko MUKARUGWIZA Sophie yerekanye icyemezo cy’umutungo (titre de propriété), ko rero hagendewe kuri “Théorie de l’apparence”, COGEBANQUE Ltd nta kosa yakoze ariko Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi rukaba rutarabihaye agaciro. Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwaciye urubanza rwemeza ko ubujurire bwa COGEBANQUE Ltd nta shingiro bufite, ko urubanza rwajuririwe rudahindutse. [5] COGEBANQUE Ltd yajuririye urubanza mu Rukiko rw’Ikirenga ivuga ko umucamanza yirengagije ibiteganywa n’amategeko kubera ko yagombaga gukuraho urubanza rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi kubera ko rwaburanishije urubanza rutari mu bubasha bwarwo, no kuba Urukiko rwaremeje ko ingwate iteshejwe agaciro kandi

yaratanzwe mu buryo bukurikije amategeko, Umucamanza akaba kandi yarirengagije gusaba Ikigo gishinzwe umutungo kamere kwerekana uwanditse ku mutungo watanzweho ingwate. [6] Abazungura ba MUVUNYI Samson, MUKARUGWIZA Sophie na MUVUNYI Paul mu myiregurire yabo, batanze inzitizi yo kutakira ubujurire bwa COGEBANQUE Ltd bavuga ko ubujurire bwayo butari mu bubasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga hashingiwe ku gaciro k’ikiburanwa. [7] Iburanisha ry’urubanza ryabereye mu ruhame kuwa 13/05/2014, COGEBANQUE Ltd iburanirwa na Me KAZUNGU Jean Bosco, Succession MUVUNYI Samson iburanirwa na Me BUZAYIRE Angèle, MUVUNYI Paul na MUKARUGWIZA Sophie baburanirwa na Me UWIMANA Juvénal. II. IKIBAZO KIGIZE URUBANZA N’ISESENGURA RYACYO Kumenya niba ubujurire bwa COGEBANQUE Ltd buri mu bubasha bw’Urukiko rw‘Ikirenga [8] Me BUZAYIRE Angèle uburanira Succession MUVUNYI Samson avuga ko,ashingiye ku ngingo ya 43 y’Itegeko Ngenga n° 01/2004 ryo kuwa 29/01/2004 rigena imitunganyirize, imikorere n’ububasha by’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ryakoreshwaga igihe ubu bujurire bwatangwaga, nta bubasha Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rufite rwo kwakira urubanza COGEBANQUE Ltd yajuririye, kuko nta rukiko rwaba mu rwego rwa mbere cyangwa mu rwego rw’ubujurire rwigeze ruburanisha ngo rugenemo indishyi zingana cyangwa zirenze miliyoni makumyabiri (20.000.000 Frw) cyangwa ikiburanwa cy’agaciro kangana cyangwa karenze amafaranga miliyoni makumyabiri (20.000.000 Frw) nk’uko biteganywa n’agace ka gatatu k’ingingo yavuzwe ndetse nk’uko COGEBANQUE Ltd ishaka kubyumvikanisha.

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[9] Akomeza avuga ko icyaregewe ni isesa ry’amasezerano y’ingwate zatanzwe mu buryo budakurikije amategeko COGEBANQUE Ltd irazakira, inkiko zombi, rwaba urw’ubucuruzi cyangwa Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi zikaba zaragarukiye mu kureba niba uburyo inzira y’itangwa ry’izo ngwate yarakurikije amategeko, ko zitigeze zigena agaciro k’ikiburanwa. [10] Me UWIMANA Juvénal uburanira MUKARUGWIZA Sophie na MUVUNYI Paul nawe avuga ko asanga ubujurire bwa COGEBANQUE Ltd butari mu bubasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga kubera ko ubujurire bwayo ibushingira ku ngingo ya 43, agace ka 3 y’Itegeko n° 01/2004 ryo kuwa 29/01/2004 rigena imitunganyirize, imikorere n’ububasha by’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga nk’uko ryari ryarahinduwe kandi ryarujujwe yateganyaga ko: “Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rufite ububasha bwo kuburanisha imanza zaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru mu rwego rwa kabiri, iyo izo manza zagenwemo n’Urukiko indishyi zingana cyangwa zirenze miliyoni makumyabiri (20.000.000 Frw) cyangwa se zifite ikiburanwa cy’agaciro kangana cyangwa karenze amafaranga miliyoni makumyabiri (20.000.000 Frw). [11] Akomeza avuga ko muri uru rubanza atari ko bimeze, kuko ikiburanwa atari amasezerano y’inguzanyo ahubwo ari ingwate yatanzwe kuri ayo masezerano ikaba itabarirwa amafaranga, ari nabyo umucamanza wo mu rukiko rukuru yavuze, ko rero iyo biza kuba ari amasezerano Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwari kuba rufite ububasha,COGEBANQUE Ltd ikaba

itishyuza umwenda, ahubwo ikibazo ari ingwate. [12] Me KAZUNGU Jean Bosco uburanira COGEBANQUE Ltd we avuga ko abanza kwibutsa ko mu Rukiko rw’Ubucuruzi uburanira abazungura ba Muvunyi Samson yavuze ko ikirego cya Muvunyi na bagenzi be nta shingiro gifite, asaba ko Urukiko rwemeza ko batsinzwe, ko rero ashingiye kuri iyo miburanire yabo, asanga n’ibyo Mukarugwiza Sophie na Muvunyi Paul bavuga, birimo kuvuguruzanya gukabije ko kandi ibyo umuburanyi avuze yiyemerera bimutsindisha, asaba Urukiko gushingira kubyo ababuranyi ubwabo biyemerera rukavuga ko inzitizi yabo nta shingiro ifite,akibaza niba umuntu yemerewe kwirengagiza agaciro k’amafaranga yajya kurega akirengagiza ibijyanye n’amasezerano y’ayo mafaranga , ko abona igiteye ikibazo abo baburana ari agaciro k’ingwate. [13] Akomeza avuga ko gushingira ku ngingo ivuga ibintu bitabariwe agaciro nta shingiro byahabwa kubera ko ingwate ifite agaciro kayo kazwi, arinako gashingirwaho mu kugena ububasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga, bikaba bitumvikana ukuntu umwe yagira ububasha bwo kuburanira mu Rukiko rw’Ubucuruzi abandi bakagira ububasha bwo kuburanira mu Rukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi, ko bose bagomba gufatwa kimwe nk’uko umushingamategeko yabigennye, asoza avuga ko umucamanza yasobanuye neza ko niba urubanza rujyanye n’ingwate hazashingirwa ku gaciro kayo, bityo ko ingwate yatanzwe ku nguzanyo ya 190.000.000 Frw iri mu bubasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga.

UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [14] Ku byerekeranye n’ibishingirwaho mu kugena ububasha bw’inkiko bushingiye ku bushobozi bw’urukiko cyangwa ku kiburanwa, ingingo ya 109 y’Itegeko Ngenga n°51/2008 ryo kuwa 09/09/2008 rigena imiterere, imikorere n’ububasha by’inkiko ryakoreshwaga ubwo ubu bujurire bwatangwaga yateganyaga ko mu manza z’imbonezamubano, ububasha bwo guca

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urubanza bugaragazwa n’imiterere y’ikiregerwa n’igiciro cyacyo, ko igiciro cy’ikiregerwa kigizwe n’ikiburanwa cy’iremezo cyiyongereyeho inyungu zumvikanyweho mu masezerano. [15] Ingingo ya 116 y’iryo Tegeko Ngenga nayo igateganya ko iyo ibishingirwaho mu kugena ububasha bw’Urukiko bivugwa mu ngingo kuva ku ya 109 kugeza ku ya 115 z’iri Tegeko Ngenga bidashobora kugaragaza agaciro k’ikiburanwa, ababuranyi nibo bagena igiciro k’ikiburanwa, bitashoboka kikagenwa n’umucamanza. [16] Ingingo ya 43,7° y’Itegeko Ngenga n° 01/2004 ryo kuwa 29/01/2004 rigena imitunganyirize, imikorere n’ububasha by’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga yakoreshwaga ubwo ubu bujurire bwatangwaga yateganyaga ko „Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rufite ububasha bwo kuburanisha mu rwego rw’ubujurire imanza zaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, iyo izo manza zagenwemo n’Urukiko indishyi zingana cyangwa zirenze amafaranga miliyoni makumyabiri (20.000.000 Frw hatitawe ku bwoko bwazo cyangwa se zifite agaciro kagenwe n’urega mu nyandiko itanga ikirego cyangwa kemejwe n’umucamanza igihe habaye impaka, kangana cyangwa karenze amafaranga miliyoni makumyabiri (20.000.000 Frw“). [17] Urukiko rurasanga icyo izi ngingo uko ari eshatu zose zihurizaho, ari ukuvuga ko urega ariwe ugena agaciro k’icyo aregera mu nyandiko itanga ikirego akakumvikanaho n’uwo arega, haba havutse impaka, kakagenwa n’umucamanza yifashishije expertise. Ku byerekeranye n’uru rubanza,

abazungura ba MUVUNYI Samson batanga ikirego mu Rukiko rw’Ubucuruzi rwa Nyarugenge , basabaga gutesha agaciro amasezerano y’ingwate ku nguzanyo ya 190.000.000 Frw yatanzwe ku mutungo w’umuryango basangiye, bavuga ko byakozwe na MUKARUGWIZA Sophie wenyine afatanyije na MUVUNYI Paul kandi nabo bawufiteho uburenganzira. Birumwikana ko mu by’ukuri icyateraga impaka ari uwo mutungo utimukanwa basigiwe na MUVUNYI Samson bafatanyije watanzweho ingwate batabizi. [18] Urukiko rurasanga nta gaciro k’umutungo watanzweho ingwate abazungura ba MUVUNYI Samson bigeze bashyira mu kirego, kandi n’umucamanza ntako yigeze agena , nta n’impamvu yari kukagena kuko sicyo cyaburanwaga, icyari kigamijwe kwari ukwerekana ko uwo mutungo watanzwe mu buryo butemewe n’amategeko, ikindi kandi n‘ububasha bw’izi nkiko mu byerekeye ubujurire bukaba budashingira ku gaciro k’ikiburanwa, ko ahubwo ibijyanye n’agaciro k’ikiburanwa biba ngombwa iyo urubanza rwaburanishijwe bwa kabiri mu Rukiko Rukuru cyangwa mu Rukiko Rukuru rw‘Ubucuruzi, rukongera kujuririrwa mu Rukiko rw’Ikirenga, bityo ko nta mpamvu yari ihari yari gutuma agaciro k’umutungo watanzweho ingwate kagibwaho impaka, ibi bikaba ari nabyo byemejwe mu rubanza nº RCAA 0015/09/CS rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga kuwa 05/11/20101. [19] Urukiko rurasanga impaka ku gaciro k’ikiburanwa zivugwa mu ngingo ya 43,7° y’Itegeko Ngenga ryavuzwe haruguru, zishobora

kuvuka mu rwego rwa mbere nkuko zishobora kuvukira mu rwego rw’ubujurire. Iyo zivukiye mu rwego rw’ubujurire, Urukiko rusanga nta cyabuza umucamanza kuzicyiranura akoresheje expertise cyangwa inyandiko ziri mu rubanza zigaragaza agaciro k’icyabyaye izo mpaka2, dore ko biri no mu nshingano ze zo gukiranura 1 1 RCAA0015/09/CS NYIRABIZIMANA Zilipa C/ MUSONI Ndamage Thadée haburanwa imitungo yasizwe na nyakwigendera NDAMAGE Eliabu 2 Reba urubanza NºRCAA0097/10/CS rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 26/05/2011 ; NZARUBARA Jean Marie Vianney aburana na NTAWUKURIRYAYO, MUKARUGOMWA na KAGORO Claude

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ababuranyi igihe bo batashoboye kumvikana. Ni ukuvuga ko mu gihe urega nta gaciro k’ikiburanwa yashyize mu nyandiko y’ikirego,n‘umucamanza wa mbere ntakagene,umucamanza wo mu rwego rw‘ubujurire ashobora gukoresha expertise cyangwa inyandiko zigize urubanza kugirango amenye agaciro k’icyabyaye impaka, ako gaciro k’icyabyaye impaka kakaba ariko kagena ububasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 43,7° y’Itegeko Ngenga ryavuzwe haruguru. [20] Ku bijyanye n’uru rubanza, Urukiko rurasanga inyandiko iri muri uru rubanza kuri Cote ya 28 kugeza kuya 31 y’amasezerano y’inguzanyo n’ingwate igaragaza ko agaciro k’ingwate yatanzwe kugira ngo inguzanyo y’amafaranga 190.000.000 Frw itangwe ari imitungo itimukanwa iri muri Parcelle nº 487 i Nyarugenge na Parcelle nº 1046 iri mu Kiyovu zifite agaciro ka 209.000.000 Frw ari nayo izi mpaka zishingiyeho, bityo hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 43,7º y’Itegeko Ngenga n° 01/2004 ryo kuwa 29/01/2004 rigena imitunganyirize, imikorere n’ububasha by’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga yakoreshwaga ubwo ubu bujurire bwatangwaga, ubujurire bwa COGEBANQUE Ltd buri mu bubasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga. III. ICYEMEZO CY‘URUKIKO [21]

Rwemeje kwakira inzitizi yatanzwe n’abazungura ba MUVUNYI Samson,MUKARUGWIZA Sophie na MUVUNYI Paul , ruvuze ko nta shingiro zifite; [22] Rwemeje ko Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rufite ububasha bwo kuburanisha uru rubanza; [23] Rwemeje ko urubanza ruzasubukurwa ku munsi ababuranyi bazamenyeshwa n’ubwanditsi bw‘urukiko. [24] Rutegetse ko amagarama y’uru rubanza abaye asubitswe.