COOPILAK v SEBAHIRE N’ABANDI

# COOPILAK v SEBAHIRE N’ABANDI

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2023-05-05 - Case/document no.: RS/INJUST/RC 00002/2020/HC/MUS - Collection: High Court

## Text

## Page 1

COOPILAK v SEBAHIRE N’ABANDI [Rwanda URUKIKO RUKURU URUGEREKO RWA MUSANZE – RS/INJUST/RC 00002/2020/HC/MUS (Bakuzakundi, P.J; Mugeyo na Gatwaza, J.) 05 Gicurasi 2023] Itegeko ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza Mbonezamubano – kurangiza urubanza – cyamunara – gutesha agaciro cyamunara – Ntabwo umuburanyi yakwitwaza ko Umuhesha w’Inkiko atashyize agaciro fatizo k’umutungo utezwa cyamunara mu Itangazo rya cyamunara ngo asabe ko iyo cyamunara iteshwa agaciro. Itegeko rigenga Ubutaka – Ubutaka bukomye – Ubutaka bukomye (zone protégée) ntibushobora kuba ubw’umuntu ku giti cye kuko bubarizwa mu mutungo rusange wa Leta mu rwego rwo kurengera ibidukikije. Incamake y’ikibazo : Uru rubanza rukomoka kuri cyamunara yakozwe n’Umuhesha w’Inkiko w’umwuga Sebahire arangiza urubanza RC0112/06/TGI/RBV rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Rubavu, nyuma COOPILAK yatanze ikirego mu Rukiko rw’Ibanze rwa Rubavu isaba gutesha agaciro iyo cyamunara ivuga ko yakozwe mu buryo bunyuranyije n`Amategeko, ikanasaba indishyi zinyuranye, Urukiko mu rubanza RC00127/2018/TB/GI, rwemeje ko ikirego cya COOPILAK nta shingiro gifite. COOPILAK yajuririye icyo cyemezo mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Rubavu, maze Urukiko mu rubanza RCA00060/2018/TGI/RBV rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa COOPILAK nta shingiro bufite, ruhamishaho imikirize y’urubanza RC00127/2018/TB/GI, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ibanze. COOPILAK yatanze ikirego cyo gusubirishamo urubanza RCA00060/2018/TGI/RBV, ku mpamvu z’akarengane, Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga nawe yemera ko urwo rubanza rusubirwamo rukaburanisha n’Urukiko Rukuru urugereko rwa Musanze, COOPILAK isobanura ko akarengane kayo gashingiye ku kuba itangazo rya cyamunara ritaraherekejwe n`inyandiko igaragaza agaciro kahawe umutungo utezwa cyamunara ndetse ko n’uwo mutungo utigeze ufatirwa mu maboko y`umubitsi w`impapuro mpamo z`ubutaka (saisie en mains du conservateur des titres fonciers) kandi ari byo byari bitegetswe n`amategeko. Ivuga kandi ko akarengane kayo kanashingiye ku kuba igiciro fatizo cya cyamunara kitarashyizwemo agaciro k`ubutaka, biyitera igihombo. Abaregwa biregura bavuga ko ntaho amategeko yariho yategekaga ko amatangazo ya cyamunara aherekezwa n’igena gaciro «expertise». Basobanura ko umuhesha w`inkiko atari ategetswe gufatira uwo mutungo mu gihe byamugaragariye ko utari ukiri mu bugwate. Banavuga ko, hashingiwe ku Itegeko ryagengaga cyamunara n’imigenzo yakurikizwaga mu gihe harangizwaga urubanza RC0112/06/TGI/RBV, kumenyekanisha agiciro fatizo k`umutungo ugiye kugurishwa gakubiye muri «expertise» byatangarizwaga ababaga bitabiriye icyamunara, mbere yo kuyitangiza, kandi ngo byarakozwe. Abaregwa bireguye kandi bavuga ko nta gihombo COOPILAK yatejwe.

## Page 2

Urukiko Rukuru, mu rubanza RS/INJUST/RC 00002/2020/HC/MUS ntaho Amategeko ateganya ko Umuhesha w’Inkiko ashyira mu matangazo ya cyamunara igiciro fatizo cy’umutungo ugomba gutezwa. Rwemeje kandi ko, kuba itariki ya «expertise» iri inyuma y’amatariki y’icyemezo cya Perezida w’Urukiko n’itangazo rya acyamunara, ari ikosa ry’imyandikire ridakwiyegutuma cyamunara iteshwa agaciro. Ku byerekeranye no kuba umutungo watejwe cyamunara utarafatiriwe mu maboko y`umubitsi w`impapuro mpamo z`ubutaka, Urukiko rwemeje ko nta kigaragaza ko umutungo uburanwa wari wanditse kuri COOPILAK mu buro imitungo itimukanwa yandikwa. Ko Umuhesha w’Inkiko yakoresheje uburyo bw’ikimenyetso cyose cyagaragaza ko uwo mutungo ari uwa COOPILAK. Ku byerekeranye no kuba umutungo watejwe cyamunara wari ingwate y’undi muntu, Urukiko rwemeje ko nta shingiro byahabwa kuko ingwate itanditse isa n’itariho. Ku bijyanye no Kumenya niba umutungo wa COOPILAK waragurishijwe ku gaciro gato mu buryo buyihombya, kuko igiciro cy`ubutaka kitashyizwe mu kiguzi cy`ibyegukanywe n’uwaguze muri cyamunara, Urukiko rwemeje ko ibyo COOPILAK ivuga nta shingiro bifite kuko Igenagaciro rigaragaza ko ubwobutaka bwahawe agaciro, nubwo bwose butari bukwiye kubarirwa mu byaguzwe kuko budashobora kuba ubw’umuntu ku giti cye kuko hakomye (zone protégée). Urukiko rwemeje ko ikirego cyo gusubirishamo urubanza ku mpamvu z’akarengane nta shingiro gifite rugenera abaregwa indishyi z’ikurikirana rubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka. Incamake y’icyemezo: 1. Si ngombwa ko mu itangazo rya cyamunara hashyirwamo agaciro fatizo k’umutungo utezwa. Ntabwo umuburanyi yakwitwaza ko Umuhesha w’Inkiko atashyize agaciro fatizo k’umutungo utezwa cyamunara mu Itangazo rya cyamunara ngo asabe ko iyo cyamunara iteshwa agaciro. 2. Igenagaciro rikorwa mbere y’uko Perezida w’Urukiko afata icyemezo cyo guteza cyamunara. Bityo, iyo bigagara ko itariki y’icyemezo Perezida w’Urukiko yafashe ari iya mbere yuko igenagaciro rikorwa, byafatwa ko ari ikosa ry’imyandikire ritatuma cyamunara iteshwa agaciro. 3. Ifatira ry’umutungo utimukanwa rikorwa mu maboko y`umubitsi w`impapuro mpamo z`ubutaka. Bityo, kugirango iryo fatira rishoboke umutungo ufatirwa ugomba kuba warandikijwe mu buryo Amategeko abiteganya. 4. Ingwate ingomba kuba yanditswe. Nta wavuga ko afite ingwate ku mutungo utimukanwa nyamara atagaragaza ko yayandikishije mu buryo bukurikije Amategeko. 5. Ubutaka bukomye (zone protégée) ntibushobora kuba ubw’umuntu ku giti cye kuko bubarizwa mu mutungo rusange wa Leta mu rwego rwo kurengera ibidukikije. Bityo, iyo hari ibubwubatseho bigomba kuguriswa, ntihabarirwamo agaciro kubwo butaka. 6. kuba umuntu afite uburenganzira bwo kuregera Urukiko ubwabyo ntibimukuraho inshingano yo kuriha ibyo abo arega batakaje bakurikirana urubanza yabahamagajemo mu gihe bigaragaye ko ibyo yaregeraga nta shingiro bifite. Bityo amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka atangwa mu bushisho bw’Urukiko hashingiwe ku migendekere y’urubanza no kubyo umuranyi yagaragarije ibimenyetso ko yabitakaje.

## Page 3

7. Umuburanyi usaba indishyi z`akababaro azishingira ku kuba yarasiragijwe mu manza nyamara ntagaragaze icyo byamwononeye usibye gutagaguza amafaranga ye akurikirana urubanza cyangwa ashaka Avoka, ntazo ahabwa kuko aba yanasabye zindi ndishyi. Ikirego cyo gusubirishamo urubanza ku mpamvu z’akerengane nta shingiro gifite. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko No 22/2018 ryo kuwa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, Ingingo ya 53 Itegeko N° 21/2012 ryo kuwa 14/06/2012 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi Ingingo ya 286,287, 295 Itegeko Ngenga N° 08/2005 ryo kuwa 14/07/2005 rigena imikoreshereze n’imicungire y’ubutaka mu Rwanda, Ingingo ya 30 Itegeko N° 10/2009 ryo kuwa 14/05/2009 ryerekeye ubugwate ku mutungo utimukanwa, Igika cya mbere cy`ingingo ya 4 ,26 Itegeko N°13/2010 ryo kuwa 07/05/2010 rihindura kandi ryuzuza Itegeko N° 10/2009 ryo kuwa 14/05/2009 ryerekeye ubugwate ku mutungo utimukanwa Itegeko Nº 43/2013 ryo kuwa 16/06/2013 rigenga ubutaka mu Rwanda, Ingingo ya 12 Iteka N°007/16.01 ryo kuwa 15/07/2010 rya Minisitiri rigena uburebure bw’ubutaka ku nkombe z’ibiyaga n’imigezi, Ingingo ya 2,4 Itegeko N°15/2004 ryo kuwa 12/06/2004 ryerekeye ibimenyetso mu manza n’itangwa ryabyo, Ingingo ya 3, 4, 9 Itegeko Nº 83/2013 ryo ku wa 11/09/2013 rishyiraho urugaga rw’Abavoka mu Rwanda, Ingingo ya 47 Amabwiriza N° 01/2014 agena ibihembo mbonera by’Abavoka mu Rwanda. Imanza zifashishijwe: RS/INJUST/RC00022/2018/SC rwaciwe kuwa 21/06/2019 haburana BUSORO na BUSORO n’ abandi. Urubanza IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Mu rwego rwo kurangiza urubanza RC0112/06/TGI/RBV rwabaye itegeko rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Rubavu, tariki ya 26/12/2015, umuhesha w`inkiko Sebahire Roger David yagurishije muri cyamunara umutungo ubaruwe kuri nº 3902 Volume RT XIX Folio 67 wa

## Page 4

COOPILAK uherereye mu Kagari ka Nengo, Umurenge wa Gisenyi, mu Karere ka Rubavu; maze wegukanwa na Sibomana Eugène wishyuye amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni mirongo itandatu n`icyenda (69.000.000Frw). [2] Nyuma ya cyamunara, COOPILAK yatanze ikirego mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Rubavu iregera gutesha agaciro iyo cyamunara yakozwe kuwa 26/12/2015, ivuga ko yakozwe mu buryo bunyuranyije n`amategeko, ikanasaba indishyi zinyuranye, maze mu rubanza RC00127/2018/TB/GI, Urukiko rwanzura ko icyo kirego cya COOPILAK nta shingiro gifite, rutegeka ko icyamunara cyakozwe kuwa 26/12/2015 harangizwa urubanza RC0112/06/TGI/RBV kigumanye agaciro kacyo; Bucyana Donat, Sebahire Roger David, Nesongane Marina baregwaga ndetse na Sibomana Eugène wagobokeshejwe mu rubanza, buri wese agenerwa amafaranga y`u Rwanda ibihumbi magana atanu (500.000Frw) akubiyemo igihembo cy`avoka n`ikurikiranarubanza. [3] COOPILAK yajuririye urubanza RC00127/2018/TB/GI mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Rubavu, maze mu RCA00060/2018/TGI/RBV rwaciwe kuwa 23/05/2019, Urukiko rwanzura ko ubujurire bwa COOPILAK nta shingiro bufite, ruhamishaho imikirize y’urubanza RC00127/2018/TB/GI. [4] COOPILAK yatanze ikirego gisubirishamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane urubanza RCA00060/2018/TGI/RBV, gihabwa nimero RS/INJUST/RC 00002/2020/HC/MUS, iburanisha ribera mu ruhame COOPILAK iburanirwa na Maître Dushimire Jeannette, Maître Izere Irankunda Germain na Maître Mukansanga Ziada. Mu baregwa, Sebahire Roger David yunganiwe na Maître Kayiranga Callixte, Nesongane Marina na Bucyana Donat bahagararirwa na Maître Dusabimana Théophile, Sibomana Eugène yunganirwa na Maître Nsengiyumva Niyondora. JAMES Capobianco, James Jeffrey Towers na Cathryn Virgin nk`abazungura ba James Towers wagobokeshejwe mu rubanza ntibitabiriye iburanisha nta mpamvu. [5] COOPILAK isobanura ko akarengane kayo gashingiye ku kuba itangazo rya cyamunara ritaherekejwe n`inyandiko igaragaza agaciro kahawe umutungo utezwa cyamunara ndetse n’uwo mutungo ntiwigeze ufatirwa mu maboko y`umubitsi w`impapuro mpamo z`ubutaka (saisie en mains du conservateur des titres fonciers) kandi ari byo byari bitegetswe n`amategeko. [6] COOPILAK inavuga ko akarengane kanashingiye nanone ku kuba igiciro fatizo cya cyamunara kitarashyizwemo agaciro k`ubutaka, birayihombya. [7] Abaregwa bose biregura bavuga ko ntaho amategeko yariho yategekaga ko amatangazo ya cyamunara aherekezwa n’igena gaciro « expertise » ahubwo, ko expertise yagombaga komekwa ku nyandiko z`ingenzi zashyikirizwaga Perezida w`Urukiko zasabaga icyemezo cyo guteza cyamunara umutungo, kugira ngo hagenwe umunsi wa cyamunara. Banasobanura ko umuhesha w`inkiko atari ategetswe gufatira uwo mutungo mu gihe byamugaragariye ko utari ukiri mu bugwate bw’uwariwe wese. Banavuga na none ko, hashingiwe ku itegeko ryagengaga cyamunara n’imigenzo yakurikizwaga mu gihe harangizwaga urubanza RC0112/06/TGI/RBV, kumenyekanisha agiciro fatizo k`umutungo ugiye kugurishwa gakubiye muri « expertise » byatangarizwaga ababaga bitabiriye icyamunara, mbere yo kuyitangiza, kandi ibi bikaba byarakozwe.

## Page 5

[8] Abaregwa bose bireguye kandi bavuga ko nta gihombo COOPILAK yatejwe kuko igena gaciro ryahaye agaciro ubutaka kandi nabwo bushingirwaho mu kugena igiciro fatizo ya cyamunara. Bibukije ko igiciro cyishyuwe na Sibomana E. muri iyo cyamunara cya 69.000.000Frw kiruta kure 29.400.000Frw COOPILAK yatanze yegukana uwo mutungo muri « privatization » y`umushinga wa « Pêcherie du Lac Kivu ». Bashoje basaba ko COOPILAK iryozwa amafaranga yose yakoreshejwe mu ikurikiranwa ry`uru rubanza kubera gushoza urubanza rudafite ishingiro. [9] Mu miburanire y`impande zombi hasesengurwamo ibibazo bitatu (3) bigomba gusuzumwa muri uru rubanza : Kumenya niba cyamunara yakozwe kuwa 26/12/2015 harangizwa urubanza RC0112/06/TGI/RBV itarubahirije imihango iteganywa n`amategeko ivugwa na COOPILAK Kumenya niba umutungo wa COOPILAK waragurishijwe ku giciro gato mu buryo buyihomba, kubw`uko igiciro cy`ubutaka kitashyizwe mu kiguzi cy`ibyegukanywe na Sibomana Eugène muri cyamunara yo kuwa 26/12/2015. Kumenya niba indishyi zisabwa muri uru rubanza zifite ishingiro I. ISESENGURA RY’IBIBAZO BIGIZE URUBANZA A. Kumenya niba cyamunara yakozwe kuwa 26/12/2015 harangizwa urubanza RC0112/06/TGI/RBV itarubahirije imihango iteganywa n`amategeko ivugwa na COOPILAK 1.Ku byerekeranye no kuba itangazo rya cyamunara ritaraherekejwe n`inyandiko y`igenagaciro (rapport d`expertise) [10] COOPILAK ivuga ko mbere yo guteza umutungo wayo muri cyamunara yo kuwa 26/12/2015, umuhesha w`inkiko yagombaga kumanika itangazo rya cyamunara riherekejwe n`inyandiko y`igenagaciro kuko ari byo bitegetswe mu ngingo ya 295 n`iya 296 z’itegeko n° 21/2012 ryo kuwa 14/06/2012 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, nyamara akaba yaramanitse itangazo ridaherekejwe n`inyandiko y`igenagaciro, kutubahiriza uyu muhango bikaba biyitesha agaciro. [11] Ikomeza ivuga ko ikigaragaza ko uyu muhango utubahirijwe, ari uko mu matangazo umuhesha w’ inkiko yiyandikiye atigeze agaragazamo igiciro fatizo cya cyamunara, ndetse n’inyandiko y`igenagaciro iri muri dosiye, n’ubwo COOPILAK ivuga ko itayemera, hagaragazwa ko yakozwe kuwa 15/09/2015 mu gihe itangazo rya mbere rya cyamunara ryo ryakozwe kuwa 20/08/2015 kandi inyandiko y`igenagaciro ari yo ikorwa mbere y`itangazo rya cyamunara, ndetse n`icyemezo cya Perezida gishyiraho umunsi wa cyamunara, bikagaragaza ko byakozwe kuwa 19/08/2015 mbere y`itariki ya 15/09/2015 ivugwa ko ari bwo inyandiko y`igenagaciro yakozwe. [12] COOPILAK isobanura ko aya makosa yakozwe n`umuhesha w`inkiko yo kutamenyekanisha cyamunara mu buryo buteganyijwe n’amategeko ndetse n`uburyo hagiye himurwa igikorwa cya cyamunara, byatumye COOPILAK itamenya iby`iyi cyamunara, ndetse no kuvuga ko Semajeri

## Page 6

Moussa yari ahari nta kuri kurimo kubera ko iyo ahaba yari gusinyishwa ku nyandikomvugo yo kuwa 20/11/2015 yimurira cyamunara kuwa 26/12/2015. [13] Kuri iyi ngingo, abaregwa bose bahuriza ku myireguriye imwe basobanura ko mu ngingo z`amategeko COOPILAK ishingiraho ntahateganywa ko amatangazo ya cyamunara y`umuhesha w`inkiko aherekezwa n`inyandiko y`igenagaciro ry`umutungo utezwa cyamunara, ko ahubwo iyo nyandiko y`igenagaciro ari kimwe mu by’ingenzi bishyikirizwa Perezida w`Urukiko kugira ngo abashe kugena umunsi wa cyamunara, akaba ari nako byakozwe mu ifatwa ry’icyemezo n° 0028/15/TB/GIS cyo kuwa 19/8/2015 gishiraho umunsi wa cyamunara. [14] Bakomeza bavuga ko inshingano y`umuhesha w`inkiko ari iyo gutangaza itariki yagenwe muri icyo cyemezo noneho ku munsi wa cyamunara akaba ari bwo atangaza ku mugaragaro igiciro fatizo gikubiye mu nyandiko y`igenagaciro kandi ibi akaba ari nabyo byakozwe, maze ku ncuro ya mbere ntihaboneka ugeza ku giciro cyagenwe, bituma cyamunara yimurwa ; Semajeri Moussa wari ahibereye nk`uhagarariye COPILAK, asaba igihe cyo kumvikana na Nesongane arabyemererwa. Basobanura rero kuba mu iburanisha havugwa ko COOPILAK itamenye ko cyamunara irimo kuba bitafatwaho ukuri kubera ko umuhesha w`inkiko ubifitiye ububasha yashyize mu nyandikomvugo isubika cyamunara ko Semajeri yari ahari, ariko akanga kuyisinya. Ikindi ni uko, uretse no kuba inyandikomvugo ikozwe n’umuhesha w’inkiko ifatwaho ukuri mu rwego rw’ amategeko, ariko kandi iyo bitaba ukuri nta kabuza ko COOPILAK yari kuyiregera kuba ari impimbano inasaba ko iteshwa agaciro. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [15] Ingingo ya 295 y’Itegeko N° 21/2012 ryo kuwa 14/06/2012 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi iteganya ko, abisabwe n’uwafatiriye, kandi amaze kugenzura ko imihango yose y’ifatira yubahirijwe, Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ibanze rw’aho icyamunara kizabera, cyangwa Perezida w’Urukiko rw’ubucuruzi mu gihe harangizwa urubanza rwaciwe n’inkiko z’ubucuruzi, agena itariki n’aho ibintu bigomba kugurishirizwa, ahantu n’uburyo amatangazo y’icyo cyamunara agomba kumanikwa. Ingingo ya 298 y’ iryo tegeko yo ivuga ku bijyanye n’igiciro cy’ipiganwa mu cyamunara, igasobanura ko mbere yo gutangiza cyamunara, umukozi ubishinzwe abanza kumenyesha abaje gupiganwa umubare w’amafaranga abapiganwa batagomba kujya munsi kugira ngo babe begukanye igipiganirwa, agatangaza ko icyamunara gitangiye. [16] Izo ngingo z’itegeko ryakurikizwaga mu gihe cyamunara iregerwa ubu yabaga, zumvikanisha ko ari inshingano za Perezida w’ Urukiko rw’Ibanze w’aho icyamura kigomba kubera, kugenzura ko ibisabwa byatanzwe n’umuhesha w’inkiko byuzuye kandi byubahirije amategeko kugira ngo atange icyemezo cyo kugurisha mu cyamurana. Muri ibyo bigenzurwa hakaba harimo igenagaciro (expertise) n’igiciro fatizo kigomba kumenyeshwa abitabiriye ipiganwa. [17] Ku byerekeye uru rubanza COOPILAK yavuze ko mu matangazo umuhesha w’ inkiko yiyandikiye atigeze agaragazamo igiciro fatizo cya cyamunara, ndetse n’inyandiko y`igenagaciro iri muri dosiye itayemera kuko yakozwe kuwa 15/09/2015 mu gihe itangazo rya mbere rya cyamunara ryo ryakozwe kuwa 20/08/2015; nyamara ikaba itagaragaza ko hari aho bihurira n’ibiteganywa

## Page 7

n’izo ngingo z’amategeko zimaze kuvugwa, kuko muri izo ngingo nta na hamwe bivugwa ko, mu itangazo rya cyamunara hagomba kugaragaramo igiciro fatizo cy’umutungo ugomba kugurushwa, bikaba rero atari byo byagombaga gukorwa. Ahubwo nk’ uko bigenwa n’itegeko, igiciro fatizo gitangarizwa abitabiriye ipiganwa mbere yo gutangira icyamunara, ku munsi n’isaha byagenwe mu cyemezo cya Perezida w’Urukiko. [18] Ikindi kandi, nubwo COOPILAK ivuga ko itemera igenagaciro ryakoreshejwe n’umuhesha w’ inkiko kubw’ uko ryakozwe nyuma y’itangazo rya mbere rya cyamunara, hashingiwe ku byasobanuwe mu gika kibanziriza iki, Urukiko rurasanga kuba itariki ya «expertise» iri inyuma y’amatariki y‘icyemezo cya Perezida w’Urukiko n’itangazo rya acyamunara, byaba ari ikosa ry’imyandikire ritakagombye kugira ingaruka ku gaciro ka cyamunara kubera ko bitashobokaga ko Perezida w’ urukiko atanga icyemezo kigena itariki ya cyamunara atabanje gushyikirizwa iryo genagaciro (expertise). Mu gihe rero COOPILAK yari kuba ifite ikibazo ku bikubiye mu cyemezo cya Perezida umuhesha w’inkiko yashyize mu bikorwa, yakagombye kuba yararegeye icyo cyemezo. [19] Ababuranyi muri uru rubanza, bashingiye ku ngingo ya 63 y’Itegeko N°30/2018 ryo kuwa 02/06/2018 rigena ububasha bw’inkiko iteganya iby`iburanisha ry’ibirego bisaba gusubirishamo urubanza ku mpamvu z’akarengane1, bazamuye inzitizi zinyuranye zibanziriza urubanza mu mizi zari zarakemuwe mu manza zabanzirije ikirego cy’akarengane, basaba uru rukiko kongera kuzisuzuma. Urukiko rurasanga izo nzitizi zose zitagarukwaho muri uru rubanza kuko hagomba gusuzumwa gusa ibishingiye mu mizi y’urubanza ku byabaye intandaro y’akarengane nk`uko bishimangirwa n’umurongo watanzwe n’Urukiko rw`Ikirenga kuri iki kibazo mu rubanza RS/INJUST/RC00022/2018/SC rwaciwe kuwa 21/06/2019 haburana Busoro na Busoro n’abandi. 2.Ku byerekeranye no kuba umutungo watejwe cyamunara utarafatiriwe mu maboko y`umubitsi w`impapuro mpamo z`ubutaka [20] Mu gusaba ko cyamunara yabaye iseswa, COOPILAK ivuga ko umuhango wo gufatira umutungo watejwe cyamunara utubahirije ibiteganywa n’amategeko kubera ko utafatiriwe mu maboko y’umubitsi w’impapurompamo z’ubutaka kandi ari byo biteganywa n`amategeko ku mitungo yanditse mu mpapurompamo z’ubutaka ari nako biri ku mutungo Me Sebahire Roger David yateje cyamunara kubera ko wanditse mu gitabo VOL RT, XIX, FOLIO 67 kuri No3902 (certificate d’enregistrement d’une propriete foncière No 3902) kandi icyo cyemezo cyawo kikaba ari inyandikomvaho itarigeze iteshwa agaciro kugeza ubu. [21] Ivuga ko kuba abo iburana na bo bavuga kuba umutungo watejwe cyamunara utafatiriwe mu maboko y’umubitsi w’impapurompamo z’ubutaka ari uko utanditse mu mpapurompamo z’ubutaka ari ukwirengagiza ukuri nkana ndetse ibi by`uko uwo mutungo wanditse, n`umuhesha w`inkiko Me Sebahire Roger David akaba yari abizi neza kuko icyo cyemezo cya «certificate d’enregistrement d’une propriete foncière No 3902» kiri mu nyandiko yashyikirije Perezida w`Urukiko rw`Ibanze mu gusaba icyemezo (ordonnance) no 0028/2015/TB/GIS cyo kuwa 19/08/2015 cyo guteza cyamunara, 1 Iyi ngingo ya 63 y`Itegeko N°30/2018 ryo kuwa 02/06/2018 rigena Ububasha bw’Inkiko iteganya ko iyo Urukiko rw’Ikirenga cyangwa urundi rukiko Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga agena rushyikirijwe urubanza rusabirwa gusubirwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane, rurusuzuma mu mizi bundi bushya abarubayemo ababuranyi bose bahamagajwe.

## Page 8

ndetse iyo nyandiko ya «certificate d’enregistrement d’une propriete foncière No 3902» anayigaragaza no mu matangazo ya cyamunara yamanitswe. COOPILAK iivuga nanone ko nta kimenyetso umuhesha w’ inkiko Me Sebahire Roger David yigeze agaragaza ko yabajije niba umutungo wa COOPILAK wanditse cyangwa utanditse. [22] COOPILAK ivuga ko mu nyandiko ziri muri dosiye, umuhesha w’inkiko Me Sebahire Roger David yagaragajemo ko afatiriye ubutaka burimo n’inyubako, anagaragaza ko abayobozi bashinzwe umutungo kamere b’Akarere ka Rubavu bamutangarije ko iki cyemezo cyiswe «certificate d’enregistrement d’une propriete foncière No 3902» gifite agaciro nubwo umutungo ukivugwamo utongeye kubaruzwa bundi bushya ngo ushyirwe kuri UPI, COOPILAK ikavuga rero ko kuba umutungo utarabarujwe kuri UPI ibi bitavuze ko utanditse muri «archives» z`ibiro by`umubitsi w`inyandikompamo z`ubutaka ndetse bikaba bitanambura nyir`uwo mutungo uburenganzira ku mutungo we, bityo ko kuba umutungo utarafatirwe mu maboko y’umubitsi w’impapuro mpamo binyuranyije n’ibiteganywa mu ngingo ya 286 n`iya 287 z’itegeko ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano ryakoreshwaga icyo gihe2, ibi bikaba n`impamvu ituma ibyakozwe n`umuhesha w`inkiko byose biteshwa agaciro. [23] Abaregwa muri uru rubanza bose bahuriza imyiregurire yabo ku kuba iyi ngingo COOPILAK yishingikiriza nta shingiro ifite, bagasobanura ko itanagaragaza aho akarengane gashingiye ngo ibihuze n’ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya ya 55 y‘itegeko n°30/2018 ryo kuwa 02/06/2018 rigena ububasha bw’inkiko, haba mu bisobanuro byatanzwe n’urukiko mu rubanza RCA 00060/2018/TGI/RBV yasubirishijemo, haba mu bimenyetso ndetse n’amategeko yashingiweho. Bavuga ko mu rubanza RCA00060/2018/TGI/RBV, Urukiko rwagaragaje neza ko umutungo wagurishijwe utari wanditse mu bitabo by’umubitsi w’impapuro mpamo z’ubutaka, ko umutungo wanditswe muri ibyo bitabo uba ugaragazwa na UPI (Unique Identification Password), ko icyemezo gifite No 3902 umuhesha w’inkiko yakifashishije gusa nk’ikimenyetso kidashidikanywaho kigaragaza umutungo afatiriye ari uwa COOPILAK nk’uko ingingo z’amategeko COOPILAK ishingiraho iburana kuri ikikibazo zibiteganya, ko rero ntaho umubitsi w’inyandikompamo z’ ubutaka yari guhera atanga kopi ivuye mu gitabo cyandikwamo ubutaka cyangwa inyandikogihamya bivugwa mu ngingo ya 287 y’itegeko N° 21/2012 ryo kuwa 14/06/2012 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi; kandi umutungo ufatirwa n`umuhesha w`inkiko atawufite mu bitabo bye. [24] Ikindi abaregwa bahurizaho bose ni uko, kuba uwo mutungo wari uwa COOPILAK udafite UPI bivuze ko utigeze ubaruzwa mu biro by`ubutaka mu buryo bwategekwaga mu ngingo ya 30 y`Itegeko Ngenga N° 08/2005 ryo kuwa 14/7/2005 rigena imikoreshereze n’imicungire y’ubutaka mu Rwanda. Bavuga ko indi mpamvu ituma nta cyari guhatira umuhesha w`inkiko gufatira 2 Mu gika cya 1 n`icya 2 by`ingingo ya 286 y’itegeko N° 21/2012 ryo kuwa 14/06/2012 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, hateganywamo ibi bikurikira: «ifatira ry’ibintu bitimukanwa rikorerwa mu maboko y’Umubitsi w’inyandikompamo z’ubutaka iyo ryerekeye uburenganzira ku bitimukanwa byanditse mu bitabo by’ubutaka. Umuhesha w’inkiko, abisabwe n’uberewemo umwenda ushaka gufatira ikintu kitimukanwa yaka mu nyandiko Umubitsi w’impapurompamo z’ubutaka, kopi ivuye mu gitabo cyandikwamo ubutaka». Mu ngingo ya 287 y’iryo tegeko N° 21/2012 ryo kuwa 14/06/2012 rimaze kuvugwa, ho hateganywamo ko: «uberewemo umwenda ushaka gufatira ikintu kitimukanwa yaka mu nyandiko Umubitsi w’impapurompamo z’ubutaka kopi ivuye mu gitabo cyandikwamo ubutaka cyangwa cyangwa cyaba kitariho akaka inyandikogihamya igaragaza neza ko icyo kintu kitimukanwa ari icy’umubereyemo umwenda koko».

## Page 9

umutungo mu maboko y`umubitsi w`impapuro mpamo z`ubutaka, ari uko ayo mazu yagurishijwe yari ku nkengero z’ikiyaga cya Kivu muri metero itanu (50 mettres) zivugwa muri Décret Loi No 04/2005 yo kuwa 08/04/2005 rigena uburyo bwo kurengera, kubungabunga no guteza imbere ibidukikije, bityo bikaba byaragaragariraga buri wese ko ayo mazu afatirwa ari muri « zone protégée ». Basobanura ariko nta n`impamvu yari gutuma COOPILAK igarura iyi ngingo muri uru rubanza kuko muri raporo y’umucamanza wasuzumye akarengane COOPILAK yavugaga ko yatejwe n`urubanza RCA00060/2018/TGI/RBV, hemejwemo ko imihango yose ya cyamunara yubahirijwe. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [25] Mu gika cya 1 n`icya 2 by`ingingo ya 286 y’itegeko N° 21/2012 ryo kuwa 14/06/2012 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, hateganywamo ko ifatira ry’ibintu bitimukanwa rikorerwa mu maboko y’Umubitsi w’inyandikompamo z’ubutaka iyo ryerekeye uburenganzira ku bitimukanwa byanditse mu bitabo by’ubutaka, ko umuhesha w’inkiko, abisabwe n’uberewemo umwenda ushaka gufatira ikintu kitimukanwa yaka mu nyandiko Umubitsi w’impapurompamo z’ubutaka, kopi ivuye mu gitabo gitabo cyandikwamo ubutaka. Mu ngingo ya 287 y’iryo Tegeko N° 21/2012 ryo kuwa 14/06/2012 rimaze kuvugwa iteganya ibijyanye n`impapuro zisabwa uberewemo umwenda ushaka gufatira ikintu kitimukanwa, hasobanurwamoko uberewemo umwenda ushaka gufatira ikintu kitimukanwa yaka mu nyandiko Umubitsi w’impapurompamo z’ubutaka kopi ivuye mu gitabo cyandikwamo ubutaka cyangwa cyaba kitariho akaka inyandikogihamya igaragaza neza ko icyo kintu kitimukanwa ari icy’umubereyemo umwenda koko. [26] Ingingo z`itegeko zimaze kuvugwa mu gika kibanziriza iki zumvikanisha ku buryo butaziguye uko ifatira ry’umutungo utimukanwa ugombwa gutezwa cyamunara rikorwa, zigasobanura ko uwo mutungo ufatirwa mu maboko y’Umubitsi w’impapurompamo z’ubutaka, ariko zikanagaragaza n`ubwoko bw`inyandiko umuhesha w’inkiko asaba yandikiye Umubitsi w’impapurompamo z’ubutaka nk`ikimenyetso cy`uko uwo mutungo ari uwa nyir`uguterezwa cyamunara, hasobanurwa mu magambo yumvikana neza ko Umubitsi w’impapurompamo z’ubutaka atanga kopi ivuye mu gitabo cyandikwamo ubutaka cyangwa se inyandikogihamya, mu gusesengura ibi rero Urukiko rugasanga byumvikana neza ko izo nyandiko zitasabwa mu gihe umutungo utimukanwa utandikishijwe mu bitabo byabugenewe bibikwa mu biro by’Umubitsi w’impapurompamo z’ubutaka nyamara byari itegeko nk`uko bigaragara mu ngingo ya 30 y`Itegeko Ngenga N° 08/2005 ryo kuwa 14/07/2005 rigena imikoreshereze n’imicungire y’ubutaka mu Rwanda3. [27] Nk`uko byakomojweho mu gika kibanziriza iki, ingingo ya 30 y`Itegeko Ngenga N° 08/2005 ryo kuwa 14/07/2005 rigena imikoreshereze n’imicungire y’ubutaka mu Rwanda yategekaga buri wese utunze ubutaka mu gihe iri Tegeko ryatangiraga gukurikizwa, ko abwandikisha bugahabwa nimero bwihariye ariyo yiswe UPI (Unique Identification Password), yagarutsweho mu bisobanuro byatanzwe mu gika cya 28 cy`urubanza RCA00060/2018/TGI/RBV rusabirwa gusubirwamo ku mpamvu z`akarengane, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Rubavu rugaragaza 3 Iyi ngingo iteganya ibi bikurikira: «Kwandikisha ubutaka abantu batunze ni itegeko. Iteka rya Minisitiri ufite ubutaka mu nshingano ze risobanura uburyo iyandikishwa ry’ubutaka rikorwa».

## Page 10

aho ruhera rwemeza ko umutungo wagurishijwe muri cyamunara utari wanditse mu bitabo by’umubitsi w’impapuro mpamo z’ubutaka; kandi ibi ninako Urukiko Rukuru rubibona kuko nta kimenyetso icyo ari cyo cyose COOPILAK yerekana gihamya ko umutungo watejwe cyamunara wandikishijwe mu buryo bugenwa n`Itegeko Ngenga N° 08/2005 ryo kuwa 14/07/2005 rimaze kuvugwa, bityo ikimenyetso yishingikiriza cyiswe «certificate d’enregistrement d’une propriété foncière, VOL RT, XIX, FOLIO 67, No 3902» Urukiko Rukuru rugasanga kitaba ikimenyetso cy`uko umutungo utimukanwa wanditswe mu gitabo cyandikwamo ubutaka. [28] Hagarutswe rero ku byasobanuwe byose kuri iki kibazo, Urukiko Rukuru rurasanga icyo umuhesha w`inkiko Me Sebahire Roger David yagombaga gukora ari nacyo cyakozwe, ari ugushaka ikimenyetso akoresheje uburyo ubwo ari bwo bwose, gihamya ko umutungo Nesongane Marina yifuzagamo ubwishyu bw`indishyi COOPILAK yatsindiwe mu rubanza RC0112/06/TGI/RBV, ari uwa COOPILAK koko, kandi inyandiko yiswe «certificate d’enregistrement d’une propriété foncière, VOL RT, XIX, FOLIO 67, No 3902» yagaragaje ko uwo mutungo Nesongane Marina yasabye ko ufatirwa ukavamo ubwishyu ari uwa COOPILAK yari umubereyemo umwenda. 3.Ku byerekeranye no kuba umutungo watejwe cyamunara wari ingwate ya James Towers [29] COOPILAK ivuga ko urubanza RCA00060/2018/TGI/RBV rwayiteye akarengane muho Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Rubavu rwemeje ko umutungo watejwe cyamunara utari mu bugwate rwishingikirije ko nta bwandikishijwe ku Mwanditsi Mukuru (registrar) muri RDB (Rwanda Development Board) ndetse no mu rubanza havugwa ko COOPILAK nta n’inyungu ifite kuri ubwo bugwate, nyamara hirengagijwe ko hagaragajwe ibimenyetso byerekana ko uwo mutungo ubaruye kuri No 3902 wari ingwate ya BRD (Banque Rwandaise de Developpement) guhera kuwa 12/11/2001 ku mwenda ungana na 100.000.000Frw yari yarahaye COOPILAK nyuma uburenganzira ku ngwate BRD ikaza kubwegurira James Towers kuwa 02/11/2002 amaze kugura uwo mwenda yishyuriye COOPILAK maze hakorwa inyandiko yiswe «acte de cession de créance» nk`uko bigaragazwa n’ibaruwa «Ministère des Terres, de l’environoment, des forêts, de l’eau et des mines» yandikiye James TOWER kuwa 12/09/2005 ndetse n`inyandiko yiswe «certficat d’enregistrement d’une propriété foncière VOL. RT, XTX. Folio 87 » ; ko rero kuba Me Sebahire Roger David yaragurishije umutungo uri mu bugwate bwa James Towers ari ukunyuranya n`amategeko mu buryo butesha agaciro cyamunara. [30] COOPILAK ivuga ko amategeko yasohotse nyuma ntacyo ahindura ku kuba umutungo watejwe cyamunara wari ukiri ingwate ya JAMES Towers kuko itegeko No10/2009 ryo kuwa 14/05/2009 ryerekeye ubugwate ku mutungo utimukanwa ryateganyaga ko ubugwate bwakozwe mbere ya 2009 bugira agaciro mu gihe cy’imyaka ibiri (2 ans) ariko mu mwaka wa 2010 hajyaho irindi Tegeko No 13/2010 ryo kuwa 07/05/2010 rihindura kandi ryuzuza Itegeko No 10/2009 ryo kuwa 14/05/2009, ariko noneho ryo rivuga ko amasezerano y’ubugwate yakozwe mbere ya 2010 agumanye agaciro, bityo n`amasezerano y`ubugwate ya James Towers akaba yaragumanye agaciro hanagendewe byateganywaga mu ngingo ya 49 y`Iteka ry’Umwami ryagengaga ubugwate ku mutungo utimukanwa ryo kuwa 15/05/1922, ndetse no ku biteganywa mu mahame y’amategeko nka «la liberte contractuelle, l’autonomie de la volonté et la survie de la loi ancienne».

## Page 11

[31] Kuri iyi ngingo, abaregwa bose bahuriza ku kuba ibyo COOPILAK ivuga nta shingiro bifite, bagasobanura ko COOPILAK yiyemerera ko ubugwate bwayo butari bwanditse ku Mwanditsi Mukuru (Registrar General) mu gihe mu mategeko yariho mu gihe ubwo bugwate bwakorwaga ndetse n`akurikizwa ubu, kandi hose hateganywamo ko ubugwate bwemewe n’amategeko bunagira agaciro ari ubwandikishijwe ku Mwanditsi Mukuru muri RDB, kandi no mu ibaruwa yanditswe n’Umwanditsi Mukuru muri RDB kuwa 23/08/2016 atanga amakuru yari yasabwe yo kumenya niba umutungo utimukanwa ufite no 3902 Vol RT XIX Folio 67, wanditse cyangwa se utanditse nk`ingwate mu biro by`Umubitsi Mukuru, hasobanuwemo ko uwo mutungo utanditse nk`ingwate; ibi bikaba ari nabyo byasesenguwe n’urukiko mu rubanza RCA00060/2018/TGI/RBV ndetse binasesengurwa bityo n’uwasuzumye ubusabe bwo gusubirishamo urubanza ku mpamvu z’akarengane na we wasanze uwo mutungo utari mu bugwate mu gihe habaga cyamunara kuwa 26/12/2015. [32] Na none mu myiregurire y’abaregwa, bavuga ko n`ubwo bugwate bwari bwarakozwe ku mutungo utimukanwa ufite no 3902 Vol RT XIX Folio 67 bwari bwaramaze guta agaciro kubw`imiterere y`amategeko yariho COOPILAK yishingikiriza mu miburanire yayo, ariko no kubw`uko igihe cy`ubwo bugwate cyashize ntihagire ubuvugurura mu buryo amategeko yariho icyo gihe yabiteganyaga. [33] Basobanura ko umwenda COOPLAK yari ifitiye BRD wari ufite igihe cy’amezi 54 abarwa haherewe kuwa 12/11/2001 ndetse n’ingwate ivugwa na COOPILAK nayo ifite igihe kingana n’igihe cyo kwishyura uwo mwenda, uwo mwenda wishyuwe na James Tower ahita yegukana ingwate yari yahawe BRB ariko mu gihe kingana n`icyo yari ishigaje, kandi iki gihe kirangiye yaba COOPILAK cyangwa se James Tower ntihagira uvugurura ubwo bugwate nk`uko amategeko abiteganya, ko rero ibi ubwabyo bigira ingaruka y`uko ubugwate buta agaciro. [34] Abaregwa bavuga ko kuwa 14/05/2009 hagiyeho Itegeko Nº 10/2009 ryerekeye ubugwate ku mutungo utimukanwa, mu ngingo ya 4 yaryo hateganywamo ko ubugwate bwitwa ko bwahawe agaciro iyo bumaze kwandikishwa mu gitabo cyandikwamo ingwate ku mutungo utimukanwa mu biro by`Umwanditsi Mukuru ndetse no mu ngingo yaryo ya 26 hateganywamo ko amasezerano yakozwe mbere y’iri tegeko agira agaciro mu gihe cy’imyaka ibiri gusa, nyuma iri Tegeko riza guhindurwa kandi ryuzuzwa n’itegeko N°13/2010 ryo kuwa 07/05/2010 maze ryo riteganya mu ngingo yaryo ya 4 ko amasezerano yose y’ubugwate yakozwe mbere y’uko iri tegeko ritangira gukurikizwa akomeza kugira agaciro kayo kugeza igihe arangiriye ariko ko ashyikirizwa Umwanditsi Mukuru mu gihe kitarenze umwaka umwe (1) uhereye igihe iri tegeko ritangarijwe mu Igazeti ya Leta ya Repubulika y’u Rwanda kugira ngo yandikwe4, nyamara muri icyo gihe cyose cyateganyijwe n’ayo mategeko ayo masezerano y’ubugwate COOPILAK yishingikiriza ntiyigeze yandikishwa ku Mwanditsi Mukuru muri RDB, ingaruka z`ibi rero kubw`itegeko, zikaba iz`uko ayo masezerano y`ubugwate ata agaciro. [35] Abaregwa bavuga kandi ko COOPILAK itakwishingikiriza ko umutungowatejwe cyamunara wari ingwate ya James Towers ngo ibe ariyo itanga ikirego cyo gutesha agaciro cyamunara kandi bitayireba, ko kandi nta nyungu James Towers afite muri ubu bugwate no muri uru rubanza kuko yishyuwe nk’uko yabisabye akabihabwa mu cyemezo cyemeza ubwishyu 4 Iri Tegeko ryasohotse mu Gazeti ya Leta nimero idasanzwe yo kuwa 14/05/2010 (Officail Gaztte N° Special of 14/5/2010), ari nayotariki iherwaho mukubara cya gihe cy`umwaka umwe.

## Page 12

bushingiye kumasezerano yo kuwa 12/11/2001 yakorewe n’Urukiko rw’Intara ya Gisenyi kuwa 17/6/2005, ko iyo JAMES Towers aza kugira inyungu mu byo COOPILAK iregera ubu nyamara bitayireba, abazungura be ari bo bari kubitangira ikirego. Basobanura kandi ko kuba umutungo waba uri mu bugwate (nubwo atari byo) bitabuza ko ugurishwa muri cyamunara, ahubwo ko mu gihe cyo kugabana ikiguzi kiwuvuyemo harebwa uko abafitiwe imyenda bakurikirana mu kwishyurwa (droit de préférence). UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [36] Igika cya mbere cy`ingingo ya 4 y’Itegeko N° 10/2009 ryo kuwa 14/05/2009 ryerekeye ubugwate ku mutungo utimukanwa ryasimbuye Itegeko ryo kuwa 15/5/1922 ryari risanzwe rikurikizwa mu bibazo by`ubugwate ku mutungo utimukanwa, iteganya ibi bikurikira : « Byitwa ko ubugwate bufite agaciro iyo bwanditswe mu gitabo cyandikwamo ingwate ku mutungo utimukanwa mu biro by’Umwanditsi Mukuru ». Mu ngingo ya 26 y’Itegeko N° 10/2009 ryo kuwa 14/05/2009 rimaze kuvugwa, ho hateganywamo ko amasezerano yose y’ubugwate yakozwe mbere y’uko iri tegeko ritangira gukurikizwa, akomeza kugira agaciro kayo mu gihe cy’imyaka ibiri (2). [37] Mu ngingo ya 4 y’itegeko N°13/2010 ryo kuwa 07/05/2010 rihindura kandi ryuzuza Itegeko N° 10/2009 ryo kuwa 14/05/2009 ryerekeye ubugwate ku mutungo utimukanwa, hasobanurwamo ko ingingo ya 26 y’Itegeko N°10/2009 ryo kuwa 14/05/2009 ryerekeye ubugwate ku mutungo utimukanwa yujujwe ku buryo bukurikira : « Amasezerano yose y’ubugwate yakozwe mbere y’uko iri tegeko ritangira gukurikizwa akomeza kugira agaciro kayo kugeza igihe arangiriye. Ayo masezerano ashyikirizwa Umwanditsi Mukuru mu gihe kitarenze umwaka umwe (1), uhereye igihe iri tegeko ritangarijwe mu Igazeti ya Leta ya Repubulika y’u Rwanda kugira ngo yandikwe ». [38] Ingingo z`amategeko zigaragajwe mu bika bibiri bibanziriza iki zisobanura ubugwate ku mutungo utimukanwa bufite agaciro kandi bugira ingaruka kuri bose (opposabilité aux tiers) ubwo ari bwo, ndetse rigatanga n`icyerekezo ku masezerano y’ubugwate ku mutungo utimukanwa yakozwe mbere yuko itegeko N°13/2010 ryo kuwa 07/05/2010 risohoka, hasobanurwa ko ayo masezerano akomeza kugira agaciro kayo ariko hagategekwa ko agomba gushyikirizwa Umwandtsi Mukuru mu gihe kitarenze umwaka umwe kuva iri tegeko risohotse, kugira ngo yandikwe, mu buryo buyaha kugumana agaciro, mu gitabo cyandikwamo ingwate ku mutungo utimukanwa mu biro by’Umwanditsi Mukuru. [39] Hagarutswe rero ku byerekeranye n`ubugwate bwa James Towers ku mutungo wa COOPILAK watejwe cyamunara, bigaragara ko bushingiye ku kuba yaraguze umwenda COOPILAK yari ifitiye BRD wafashwe 02/11/2004 ugomba kwishyurwa mu gihe cy`imyaka itanu, maze na we BRD imuha ingwate COOPILAK yari yaratanze ku mutungo utimukanwa ubaruye kuri No 3902 hakorwa inyandiko yiswe «acte de cession de créance», Urukiko Rukuru rugasanga rero ibi byumvikanisha ko uburenganzira n`inshingano ku bugwate bw`umutungo utimukanwa BRD yeguriye James Tower bugarukira gusa ku gihe BRD yari isigaranye cyo gukoresha (jouir) ubwo burenganzira bw`ubugwate ku mutungo utimukanwa, kandi amasezerano BRD yari ifitanye na COOPILAK ni ay`uko igihe cy`ubugwate ku mutungo utimukanwa kingana n`igihe amasezerano y`umwenda agomba kumara ari cyo cy`imyaka itanu (5 ans).

## Page 13

[40] COOPILAK iburanisha iby`uko umutungo watejwe cyamunara kuwa 26/12/2015 wari ukiri mu bugwate bwa James Tower ntigaragaza ikimenyetso icyo ari cyo cyose cyemeza ko nyuma y`igihe cy`imyaka itanu (5 ans) kibazwe haherewe kuwa 02/11/2004, haba harabaye kuvugurura ubwo burenganzira ku bugwate, kandi Urukiko rusanga uwakagombye kuzamura iki kibazo ari James Tower cyangwa abazungura be mu gihe ubugwate bwarangira we atakiriho. Icyagaragariye mu Rukiko mu gihe cy`iburanisha, ni uko nyuma y`aho BRD ihaye James Tower uburenganzira ku ngwate ku mutungo utimukanwa COOPILAK yari yatanze mu gihe yahabwaga inguzanyo, habayeho kugurisha umutungo wimukanwa (biens meubles)5 byemejwe n`Urukiko rw`Intara ya Gisenyi rwabisabwe mu ibaruwa yo kuwa 03/05/2005 yanditswe na Maître Toy Nzamwita mu izina rya James Towers amafaranga ahabwa James Towers, ndetse mu rwego rwo kwishyurwa umwenda COOPILAK yari imurimo, James Towers anahabwa 50% by’imigabane muri COOPILAK yamusinyiye ihagarariwe na Munyaburanga Leon nk’uko bigaragara mu nyandiko yatanzwe n’ababuranira COOPILAK mu iburanisha ryo kuwa 22/03/2023. [41] Nyuma y`aho hasohokeye itegeko N° 10/2009 ryo kuwa 14/05/2009 ryerekeye ubugwate ku mutungo utimukanwa ryasimbuye itegeko (Decret) ryo kuwa 15/5/19226 ryagengaga ibibazo by`ubugwate ku mutungo utimukanwa, naryo ryaje guhindurwa rikanuzuzwa n’Itegeko N°13/2010 ryo kuwa 07/05/2010, ntihagaragazwa ko ubwo bugwate ku mutungo utimukanwa COOPILAK ivuga ko bwari bufitwe na James Tower bwaba bwarandikishijwe mu gitabo cyandikwamo ingwate ku mutungo utimukanwa mu biro by’Umwanditsi Mukuru mu gihe ntarengwa cy`umwaka umwe kibarwa haherewe kuwa 14/05/2010 ubwo itegeko N°13/2010 ryo kuwa 07/05/2010 ryatangazwaga mu Igazeti ya Leta, ingaruka ziteganywa mu itegeko z`iki gikorwa kitabayeho cyo kwandikisha ingwate ahabugenewe zikaba iz`uko ingwate ku mutungo utimukanwa ubaruye kuri No 3902 yahise ita agaciro n`iyo yaba yari ikigafite muri icyo gihe. [42] Hagarutswe rero ku byasobanuwe byose kuri iki kibazo, Urukiko rurasanga nk`uko byanemejwe na RDB mu bisobanuro yatanze ko umutungo utimukanwa ubaruye kuri VOL RT XIX FOLIO 67 No 3902 nta muntu wigeze awandikisha nk`ingwate, mu gihe cya cyamunara yo kuwa 26/12/2015 uyu mutungo uvuzwe ntiwari mu bugwate bw`umuntu uwo ari we wese. Urukiko rurasanga rero ibyo COOPILAK yishingikiriza byose ku ngingo ya mbere isobanuza akarengane yagize mu rubanza RCA00060/2018/TGI/RBV by`uko hari imihango iteganywa n`amategeko itarubahirijwe muri cyamunara yakozwe kuwa 26/12/2015 mu buryo bwatesha agaciro iyi cyamunara, nta shingiro bifite, nk`uko ari nako byasesenguwe mu rubanza RCA00060/2018/TGI/RBV, dore ko ibi byo kuba haba hari imihango iteganywa n`amategeko itarubahirijwe mu buryo butuma cyamunara yata agaciro atari nabyo byagendeweho nk`ishingiro ry’ akarengane ryabaye intandaro y`uru rubanza ruburanishwa ubu. 5 Ugizwe n`ibikoresho bya ngombwa by’umushinga byari bigizwe n’ubwato bwagenewe kuroba isambaza (un bateau de pêche), ibikoresho bine bikonjesha buri kimwe kijyamo litiro magana atanu (4 congélateurs de 500 litres), imodoka ikonjesha (une chambre froide mobile), urucundura runini ruroba isambaza (un grand filet de pêche), moteri eshatu zo mubwoko bwa YAMAHA 15CV (3 moteurs YAMAHA 15CV), ibikoresho byo mu biro n`ibindi bikoresho binyuranye (différents matériels et mobiliers de bureau). 6 Décret du 15 mai 1922 sur le régime hypothécaire telque modifié par le décret du 28 mars 1949

## Page 14

B. Kumenya niba umutungo wa COOPILAK waragurishijwe ku gaciro gato mu buryo buyihomba, kubw`uko igiciro cy`ubutaka kitashyizwe mu kiguzi cy`ibyegukanywe na SIBOMANA Eugene muri cyamunara yo kuwa 26/12/2015 [43] COOPILAK n’abayunganira bavuga ko umutungo wa COOPILAK wagurishijwe ku giciro gito cyane kitanabariwemo agaciro k`ubutaka, bakinubira ko mu kubiregera Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Rubavu rwihandagaje rukemeza ko COOPILAK yamenye igenagaciro mbere ya cyamunara bityo ko iyo itaryishimira iba yarakoresheje « contre expertise ». Bavuga nanone ko ari akarengane kuba Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Rubavu rwaremeje ko igenagaciro ryakoreshejwe rifite ukuri kandi ko biri mu kuri kuba haragurishijwe amazu gusa kuko ngo na COOPIALAK ubwo yaguraga uwo mutungo itigeze igura ubutaka, ngo bwari umutungo wa Leta hagendewe ku biteganywa mu ngingo ya 12 y’itegeko Nº 43/2013 ryo kuwa 16/06/2013 rigenga ubutaka mu Rwanda. [44] Basobanura ko Urukiko rwiregagije uburyo umutungo wa COOPILAK wahawe agaciro gasuzuguritse mu cyiswe igenagaciro ryakozwe kuwa 15/09/2015 (Reba C 79-91) ariko rikaba ritaramenyeshejwe COOPILAK ngo igire icyo irivugaho. [45] Mu kugaragaza inenge COOPILAK ivuga ko ziri muri iryo genagaciro ryakozwe kuwa 15/09/2015, basobanura ko mbere na mbere kuvuga ko na COOPILAK ngo yaguze amazu gusa itaguze ubutaka, ari ukwirengagiza ukuri kuko amasezerano y’ubugure hagati ya COOPILAK na Leta y’u Rwanda yo mu mwaka wa 2001 (Reba C 6-10b) agaragaza ko haguzwe amazu, ubutaka n’ibindi biri muri parcelle Nº 3902, kandi ko ahaguzwe hafite ubuso bungana na 61a 05ca, ku giciro cya miliyoni makumyabiri n`icyenda n’ibihumbi magana ane (29.400.000Frw). [46] Bavuga ko bitangaje kubona Urukiko rwarirengagije ku bushake igisobanuro cy’ubuso ndetse rukanirengagiza n’igishushanyo kigaragaza umutungo waguzwe. Banenga kuba iryo genagaciro ryagendeweho n’umuhesha w’inkiko w’umwuga bemeza ko ubu yirukanwe kubera amakosa mu kazi7, rigaragaza agaciro k’amazu gusa ariko ntirigaragaze agaciro k’ubutaka, kandi muri iryo genagaciro bakagaragaza ko amazu afite agaciro ka miliyoni mirongo itandatu na zirindwi n’ibihumbi magana arindwi na makumyabiri (67.720.000Frw), ariko aha umuntu akaba yakwibaza uburyo hakorwa igenagaciro ry’umutungo utimukanwa uriho amazu hakirengagizwa gushyiraho agaciro k’ubutaka buteretseho ayo mazu, kandi nyamara biri mu kibanza kimwe Nº 3902, ko rero iri genagaciro bivugwa ko ryagendeweho bo babona rituzuye kuko ritanga agaciro katuzuye k’umutungo uzatezwa cyamunara. [47] Bavuga ko ikindi kigaragaza ko igenagaciro ryagendeweho hatezwa cyamunara yo kuwa 15/09/2015 rituzuye rikaba nta gaciro ryagombaga guhabwa, ari uko umuhesha w’inkiko yagendeye ku igenagaciro ridahuye n’icyo yateje mu cyamunara. Basobanura ko mu cyemezo Nº 0028/15/TB/GIS cya Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ibanze rwa Gisenyi gishyiraho umunsi w’icyamunara cyo kuwa 19/08/2015 (Reba C 57-58), havugwa ko hazatezwa mu cyamunara amazu ari mu kibanza Nº 3902. Bavuga ko ibi byumvikana neza ko icyagombaga kugurishwa ari amazu ndetse n’ikibanza, hakaba hataragombaga kugurishwa amazu gusa. Nanone, bavuga ko mu matangazo ya cyamunara yo kuwa 20/08/2015 (Reba C 31), 24/09/2015 (Reba C 32) no kuwa 07/12/2015 (Reba C 33), handitse ko hazatezwa mu cyamunara amazu ari mu kibanza Nº 3902, ko aha rero ari ho 7 Reba C 38 ibaruwa ya Minisitiri w’Ubutabera Intumwa Nkuru ya Leta yirukana Me SEBAHIRE Roger David

## Page 15

COOPILAK ihera ivuga ko umutungo wayo wateshejwe agaciro kuko Sibomana Eugène wawuguze yishyuye gusa amazu nta butaka. [48] Abunganira COOPILAK bavuga ko ikindi babona gitangaje ari uko Sibomana Eugène wegukanye iyo cyamunara yahise yibaruzaho uwo mutungo wose ugizwe n’amazu n’ubutaka mu gihe ikiguzi yishyuye hatarimo ubutaka, ko ibi rero bigaragaza ko COOPILAK yakorewe ubuliganya. Basobanura ko hari igenagaciro COOPILAK yari yarakoresheje kuwa 18/05/2015 (Reba C 59-78) igamije gusa kureba agaciro k`umutungo wayo, kandi ryo rikaba ryerekana agaciro k’amazu n’ak’ubutaka rigashyira uwo mutungo wose ku gaciro ka miliyoni magana atatu n’enye n'ibihumbi magana atatu na cumi n’umunani na magana ane na cumi n’arindwi (304.318.417Frw). Bavuga rero ko ikinyuranyo kiri hagati y’aya magenagaciro abiri, rimwe ryuzuye n’irindi rituzuye (igenagaciro umuhesha w’inkiko avuga ko yagendeyeho ryo kuwa 15/09/2018), cyerekana akarengane ndetse no gutesha agaciro umutungo w’abantu kandi baba barawubonye bawuvunikiye, dore ko COOPILAK yari yaraguze aho hantu mu mwaka wa 2000 ku mafaranga miliyoni makumyabiri n`icyenda n`ibihumbi magana ane (29.400.000Frw) ikagira n`ibindi bikorwa nyongeragaciro ihakora. [49] Mu kwiregura, Sibomana Eugène n’umwunganira basubiza ko nta shingiro ry’ingingo COOPILAK iburanisha y’akarengane ivugwamo ko mu guteza umutungo wayo cyamunara hagendewe ku igenagaciro rigaragaza agaciro k`amazu ariko ritarimo agaciro k`ubutaka bituma igicoro cya cyamunara kishyuwe gishingira gusa ku gaciro k’amazu kitarimo agaciro k’ubutaka. Basobanura ko ibikorwa byari kuri ubwo butaka, birimo n’inyubako (amazu) byakorewe igenagaciro kandi ko ari byo byagombaga kugurishwa muri cyamunara. Bavuga ko Expertise yakozwe n’umugenagaciro witwa Muhire Jean Claude igaragaza ko amazu hamwe n’ubutaka byose hamwe byari bifite agaciro ka 56.412.360Frw ari nacyo giciro fatizo umuhesha w’inkiko yahereyeho ateza uwo mutungo muri cyamunara. Bemeza ko ku rupapuro rwa 10 rwa expertise, bigaragara neza ko 56.412.360Frw akubiyemo annexes, Bar ndetse na terrain (Ubutaka) byose hamwe akaba ari byo byatanze igiciro fatizo kingana na 56.412.360Frw, kandi ko Sibomana Eugène yatsindiye iyo cyamunara yishyuye 69.000.000Frw, ko ibi bivuze ko yarengeje kure igiciro fatizo cyari cyatanzwe n’umuhesha w’inkiko. [50] Sibomana Eugène n’umwunganira bibukije ko amazu yo nyine hatarimo agaciro kubutaka yari yabariwe 25.887.360Frw, agaciro kubutaka kabarirwa 30.525.000Frw, igiteranyo cy’agaciro k’inyubako n’ubutaka byose hamwe biba 56.412.360Frw. Basobanura ko mu gika cya 34, Urukiko rw’Ibanze rwa Gisenyi rwagaragaje ukwivuruza kwa COOPILAK aho yavugaga ko nta genagaciro na busa ryigeze rikorwa, nyamara umuhesha w’inkiko akaba yararigaragaje ndetse umutungo ugurishwa ku giciro kiri hejeru y’igiciro fatizo kiri mu igenagaciro, k orero iyo Coopilak iza kubona ko igenagaciro ritanga igiciro gito, inzira yonyine yari ihari yo kurivuguruza yari iyo gukoresha irindi genagaciro nk’uko biteganywa n’ingingo ya 36 y’itegeko n°17/2010 ryo kuwa 12/05/2010 rishyiraho kandi rikagena imikorere y’umwuga w’igenagaciro ku mutungo utimukanwa mu Rwanda; ko rero bo babona uwo mutungo wagurishijwe ku giciro gikwiriye nk`uko ari nako byabonywe n`Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Rubavu rukabisobanura mu buryo babona byumvikana mu gika cya 46 cy’urubanza RCA00060/2018/TGI/RBV.

## Page 16

[51] Bavuga ko bo basanga ahubwo yaba COOPILAK n`abayiburanira ndetse n’Urukiko mu byo rwemeje mu gika cya 46 cy’urubanza RCA00060/2018/TGI/RBV, barasesenguye nabi igenegaciro ryakozwe, bareba gusa urupapuro rubanza aho umugenagaciro yagiraga inama umuhesha w’inkiko yo kutita ku gaciro k’ubutaka kuko buri mu nkombe z’ikiyaga, nyamara hirengagizwa ko ku rupapuro rwa 10rwa expertise yagaragajeho agaciro k`ubutaka (terrain:30.525.000Frw) ndetse n’agaciro k’inyubako ziburiho (25.887.360.000Frw) ari nabyo byatanze igiteranyo cya 56.412.360Frw ari nacyo giciro fatizo umuhesha w’inkiko yatangaje muri cyamunara ariko Sibomana Eugène awegukana kuri 69.000.000Frw ari we utanze menshi mubari bitabiriye cyamunara, ko rero COOPILAK ntacyo iheraho ivuga ko umutungo wayo wagurishijwe Kuri make mu gihe yo yari yawuguze 29.400.000Frw kandi ukubiyemo imitungo yimukanwa n`itimukanwa. [52] Sibomana Eugène n’umwunganira bibukije ko ubutaka buburanwa buri mu nkengero z`ikiyaga cya Kivu bubarirwa mu mutungo rusange wa Leta, bavuga ko n`ubwo igenagaciro ryagaragaje agaciro k`ubwo butaka amategeko atemera ko bugurishwa, bityo bukaba butaragombaga no kubarirwa mu giciro fatizo cyatangajwe n`umuhesha w`inkiko muri cyamunara nk’uko n’umugenagaciro yari yabyibukije umuhesha w’ inkiko, ko kuba bwarabariwe mu byo Sibomana Eugène yishyuye ahubwo bikaba ari we birenganya aho guhombya COOPILAK. Bavuga kandi ko COOPILAK yamenye iryo genagaciro ndetse n`itariki ya cyamunara, bagasobanura ko ikibigaragaza ari uko Semajeri Moussa wari uyihagarariye yaje ahabereye cyamunara ariko irasubikwa kubera ko habuze umuntu ugeza ku giciro fatizo kiri muri expertise maze uyu Semajeri Moussa asaba munyandiko ko isubikwa avuga ko hakiri imanza. [53] Me Sebahire Roger Davide ntiyemeranya na COOPILAK ivuga ko umutungo wayo wagurishije ku giciro gito hagendewe kw’igenagaciro rituzuye ngo ritagaragaza agaciro k’ubutaka amazu yubatseho. Avuga ko mu bisobanuro bya COOPILAK kuri iki kibazo nayo ubwayo yemera ko nta «Contre-expertise» yasabye ko ikorwa nyamara ari byo biteganyijwe mu ngingo ya 36 y’Itegeko rigenga umwuga w’abagena gaciro k’umutungo utimukanwa ndetse iyo iza kuba yaragize ikibazo kuri iyo expertise iba yaranayiregeye no mu manza zabanje, kandi yaramenye iby`iri genagaciro ndetse n`umunsi wa cyamunara kuko mu gihe cya cyamunara Semajeri Moussa yari ahibereye nk`uhagarariye COOPILAK ariko yanga gusinya ku nyandikomvugo y`ibyakozwe. Asobanura ko bitumvikana uburyo ikibazo cy`igenagaciro cyazanwa bwa mbere mu karengane kandi nta genagaciro ryigeze riregerwa, ko rero nta karengane kabayeho. [54] Asobanura ko nta n`ishingiro bifite kuba COOPILAK ivuga ko igenagaciro ryakozwe ritagaragaza agaciro k`ubutaka kubera ko ku rupapuro rwa kabiri rwaryo hagaragajwe ko ubutaka ubwabwo (valeur du terrain) bufite agaciro ka 30.525.000Frw naho igiciro cy`amazu n`ubutaka bibarirwa agaciro ka 56.412.360Frw, kandi no mu gihe cya cyamunara hakaba haratangajwe iki giciro fatizo gikubiyemo agaciro k`ubutaka n`agaciro k`amazu n’ubwo amategeko atemera ko ubwo butaka bwo mu nkengero z`ikiyaga bwagurishwa kuko buri muri «zone protégée», cyamunara areroikaba ntacyo yahombejeho umutungo wa COOPILAK kubera ko hishyuwe 69.000.000Frw kandi agaciro k``umutungo utezwa cyamunara 56.412.360Frw. [55] Uburanira Nesongane Marina na Bucyana Donath yiregura avuga ko iyi ngingo COOPILAK ishingiraho ikirego cyayo nta shingiro ifite kubera ko n`ubwo cyamunara yarebye agaciro k`ubutaka (30.525.000Frw) n`ak`inyubako ziburiho (25.887.360Frw), amategeko atemera ko ubutaka nk`ubu

## Page 17

bwo mu nkengero z`ikiyaga buri muri metero 50 bugurishwa kuko buba ari umutungo wa Leta ubarizwa muri «zone protegée» nk`uko biteganywa mu gika cya 2 cy`ingingo ya 12 y`Itegeko Nº43/2013 ryo kuwa 16/06/2013 rigenga ubutaka mu Rwanda ndetse n’ingingo ya 85 n`iya 87 z’Itegeko-Ngenga Nº 04/2005 ryo kuwa 08/04/2005 rigena uburyo bwo kurengera, kubungabunga no guteza imbere ibidukikije; ko icyagombaga kugirishwa ari ibikorwa byari biri kuri ubwo butaka birimo n’inyubako (amazu) nk`uko byanasobanuwe n`Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Rubavu mu gika cya 46 n`icya 47 by`urubanza RCA00060/2018/TGI/RBV rushingiye ku byakozwe ndetse no ku mategeko yagombaga kubahirizwa. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [56] Icyagaragariye uru Rukiko, ni uko iki kibazo COOPILAK yagitanze mu rubanza RCA00060/2018/TGI/RBV maze Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Rubavu rugikemura mu gika cya 46 n`icya 47 by`urubanza hemezwa ko mu igenagaciro ryakoreshejwe muri cyamunara yo kuwa 26/12/2015 hatabariwemo igiciro cy’ubutaka, kandi ko rubona ari nako byagombaga gukorwa kuko COOPILAK igura itaguze ubutaka ahubwo yaguze gusa ibiri ku butaka kubw`uko ubwo butaka ari umutungo rusange wa Leta wihariye kubera ko ari ahantu hakomye (zone protégée). Ibi urwo Rukiko rwabishingiye ku miburanire ya Sibomana Eugène n`umuhesha w`inkiko Me Sebahire Roger Davide bavugaga ko igiciro cy’ubwo butaka cyo kitabariwe mu giciro fatizo cya cyamunara yabaye yahesheje Sibomana Eugène kwegukana uwo mutungo, izi mvugo zikaba ari nazo zabaye intandaro y`uru rubanza rw`akarengane umucamanza wo mu Rukiko Rukuru wasuzumaga ikibazo yari yashyikirijwe na COOPILAK yemeza ko ari akarengane koko kuba muri cyamunara haraguzwe gusa inyubako ariko ntihishyurwe agaciro k`ubutaka ziriho kuko katari kashyizwe mu igenagaciro ryashingiweho n`iyo cyamunara. [57] Ibi nyamara mu mu miburanire mu Rukiko Rukuru, Sibomana Eugène n`umuhesha w`inkiko Me Sebahire Roger Davide baje guhinyuzwa bishingikirije inyandiko y`igenagaciro yakoreshejwe muri cyamunara yo kuwa kuwa 26/12/2015 igaragaza ko mu giciro fatizo Umuhesha w’inkiko yamenyesheje abari bitabiriye cyamunara yashyizemo n’agaciro k’ubutaka igenagaciro ryari ryagenye n’ubwo umugenagaciro yari yibukije ko muri iyo nyandiko yakoze ubwo butaka buri mu mutungo rusange wa Leta utagomba kugurishywa, by’umwihariko muri «zone protégée» y’inkengero z’ikiyaga cya Kivu. [58] Ingingo ya 12 y’Itegeko Nº 43/2013 ryo kuwa 16/06/2013 rigenga ubutaka mu Rwanda, itegeko ryariho mu mu gihe cyamunara yo kuwa 26/12/2015 yakorwa, yavugaga ko ubutaka bwa Leta buri mu mutungo rusange bugizwe n’ubutaka bwose bugenewe gukoreshwa n’abantu bose cyangwa ubutaka bugenewe gukorerwaho n’inzego z’imirimo ya Leta kimwe n’ubutaka bw’igihugu bukomye mu rwego rwo kurinda ibidukikije. Ubwo butaka burimo ubuubu bukurikira : « [1º ubutaka buriho ibiyaga cyangwa imigezi byashyizwe ku rutonde n’Iteka rya Minisitiri ufite umutungo kamere w’amazi mu nshingano ze ; 2º inkombe z’ibiyaga cyangwa imigezi kugeza ku burebure bushyirwaho n’Iteka rya Minisitiri ufite umutungo kamere w’amazi mu nshingano ze uhereye aho amazi agarukira ku murongo usumba iyindi uko imyuzure yagiye ikurikirana, ariko hatitawe ku myuzure idasanzwe ; […] ».

## Page 18

[59] Ku bijyanye n’ubutaka bwo ku nkombe z’ibiyaga bufatwa nk’umutungo rusange wa Leta, ingingo ya 2 y’Iteka rya Minisitiri N°007/16.01 ryo kuwa 15/07/2010 rigena uburebure bw’ubutaka ku nkombe z’ibiyaga n’imigezi, yavugaga ko bushyizwe mu mutungo rusange wa Leta, ubutaka buri ku ntera ya metero mirongo itanu (50m) uvuye ku nkombe z’ibiyaga, ko uburebure buvugwa muri iyi ngingo bubarwa uhereye ku murongo usumba iyindi yose amazi ageraho, uko imyuzure yagiye isimburana. [60] Ingingo ya 4 y’Iteka N°007/16.01 ryo kuwa 15/07/2010 rya Minisitiri rigena uburebure bw’ubutaka ku nkombe z’ibiyaga n’imigezi, ivuga ku micungire n’imikoreshereze y’ubutaka bwo ku nkombe z’ibiyaga n’imigezi bufatwa nk’umutungo rusange wa Leta, igasobanura ko ubutaka buri mu mutungo rusange wa Leta buvugwa muri iri teka ari ahantu hakomye, ko Ubuyobozi butemerewe gutanga ubwo butaka nk’umutungo bwite. [61] Ingingo ya 3 y’Itegeko N°15/2004 ryo kuwa 12/06/2004 ryerekeye ibimenyetso mu manza n’itangwa ryabyo yo ivuga ko buri muburanyi agomba kugaragaza ukuri kw’ibyo aburana, naho ingingo ya 4 y’iri Tegeko Nº15/2004 ryo kuwa 12/06/2004 yo igateganya ko Urukiko ruca urubanza rwaregewe hakurikijwe ibimenyetso bihuje na kamere y’ikiburanwa. [62] Mu guhuza ingingo z`amategeko zimaze kuvugwa n`imiburanire y`impande zose n’ibimenyetso zirugaragariza, Uru rukiko rurasanga igiciro cy’ubutaka kivugwa kitaragombaga koko kubarirwa mu giciro fatizo cya cyamunara yabaye, igahesha Sibomana Eugène kwegukana uwo mutungo uburanwa kubera ko ubwo butaka ari umutungo rusange ufite umwihariko w’uko ari ahantu hakomye (zone protégée) ndetse n’Ubuyobozi butemerewe gutanga ubwo butaka nk’umutungo bwite nk’uko urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Rubavu rwabibonye, dore ko n`inyandiko ya «privatisation» yahawe umutwe wa «Contrat De Vente De La Pecherie Du Lac Kivu» igaragaza amasezerano yabaye hagati ya GRR (Gouvernement de la Republique du Rwanda) na COOPILAK yerekana neza mu ngingo yayo ya mbere ko icyo COOPILAK yeguriwe atari ubutaka ahubwo ari uburenganzira bwo kubyaza umusaruro ibikorwa by`umushinga w’uburyobyi biri ku butaka, bikaba bivugwa muri aya magambo: «Le vender transfère à l`acheteur la propriété situé sur la parcelle no 3902 d`une superficie de 61ª05ca sous les conditions définies au présent contrat». Ibi by`uko mu byo COOPILAK yegukanye nk`umutungo bwite hatashyizwemo ubutaka bigaragarira kandi mu kuba butari mu mutungo warondowe muri « annexe » y`ayo masezerano, kuba byarakozwe gutyo muri ayo masezerano bikumvikana ko Leta yubahirizaga ingingo z`amategeko zavuzwe zigenga icungwa ry`ubutaka bufatwa nk’umutungo rusange wa Leta ukomye zisobanurwamo ko n`ubuyobozi butemerewe gutanga ubwo butaka nk’umutungo bwite. [63] N’ubwo igiciro cy’ubutaka buvugwa kitaragombaga gushyirwa muri cyamunara yo kuwa 26/12/2015 ngo bubarirwe mu giciro fatizo cy’iyo cyamunara yabaye, icyagaragariye Urukiko Rukuru ni uko atari ko byakozwe ahubwo ubutaka bwabariwe igiciro ndetse n`inyubako zibarirwa igiciro ukwazo, ibi Urukiko rugasanga bigaragarira mu igenagaciro ryakozwe na Ir Muhire Jean Claude wo mu rugaga rw’abagenagaciro mu Rwanda ryerekana neza ko ubutaka bwahawe agaciro ka 30.525.000Frw naho inyubako ziburiho zihabwa agaciroka 25.887.360 Frw maze igiciro cy`umutungo wose kiba 56.412.360Frw (30.525.000frw + 25.887.360), kandi nk`uko bigaragara mu manza zaciwe, byaragaragariye inkiko zose ko 56.412.360Frw ari yo yahereweho nk’igiciro fatizo cya cyamunara yo kuwa 26/12/2015 ari na yo mafaranga umuhesha w`inkiko Me Sebahire Roger

## Page 19

Davide yatangarije abitabiriye ipiganwa nk`igiciro fatizo maze Sibomana Eugène atsinda ipiganwa atanze 69.000.000Frw. [64] Hagarutswe rero ku byasobanuwe byose kuri iki kibazo gisuzumwa, Urukiko Rukuru rurasanga ibyo COOPILAK yishingikiriza nta shingiro bifite, ahubwo uwakabaye agaragaza ikibazo ni SIBOMANA Eugène watsindiye iyo cyamunara yakozwe mu giciro fatizo cyabariwemo igiciro cy’ubwo butaka nyamara adashobora kubugira ubwe bwite kuko amategeko atemera ko ubutaka bufatwa nk’umutungo rusange wa Leta ukomye bwegurirwa umuntu mu buryo ubwo ari bwo bwose bwamugira nyir`ubwo butaka nk’umutungo we bwite. C.Kumenya niba indishyi zisabwa muri uru rubanza zifite ishingiro [65] Muri uru rubanza hasabwamo indishyi z`akababaro zishingiye ku gukururwa mu manza nta mpamvu, Me Sebahire Roger Davide asaba ko Coopilak itegekwa kumwishyura 5.000.000Frw; Nesongane Marina na Bucyana Donat buri wese agasabirwa 3.000.000Frw. [66] COOPILAK n`abayiburanira bavuga ko nta ndishyi yatanga ahubwo ko ari yo izikwiye kubw`amakosa yakorewe yamburwa umutungo wayo. [67] Muri uru rubanza hasabwamo igihembo cy`Avoka n`amafaranga y`ikurikiranarubanza, Me Sebahire Roger Davide agasabirwa 1.500.000Frw y’igihembo cya Avocat na 1.000.000Frw y’ikurikirana rubanza; Sibomana Eugène agasaba ko Urukiko rutegeka COOPLAK kumwishyura 3.000.000 Frw y`igihembo cy`Avoka no gushorwa mumanza z’amaherere hatagaragazwa ikosa yakoreye COOPLAK; Nesongane Marina na Bucyana Donat buri wese agasaba igihembo cy’Avoka kingana na 1.000.000Frw. [68] Igenwa ry`indishyi rishingira ku ihame mpuzamahanga ry`amategeko riteganya ko igikorwa cyose cy`umuntu cyangirije undi gitegeka nyir`ugukora ikosa rigikomokaho kuriha ibyangiritse (tout fait quelconque de l`homme, qui cause à autrui un dommage, oblige celui par la faute duquel il est arrivé à le réparer). Urukiko rurasanga ibikubiyemo bisobanuye ko kuba umuntu afite uburenganzira bwo kuregera Urukiko ubwabyo bitamukuraho inshingano yo kuriha ibyo abo arega batagaguje bakurikirana urubanza yabahamagajemo mu gihe bigaragaye ko ibyo yaregeraga nta shingiro bifite, ariko ibyo abaregwa bahabwa bishingira kubyo bashoboye kugaragariza ibimenyetso bifatika byemeza ko babitakaje koko nk`uko bikubiye mu ngingo ya 3 n`iya 9 z’Itegeko N°15/2004 ryo kuwa 12/06/2004 ryerekeye ibimenyetso mu manza n’itangwa ryabyo. [69] Mu gihe umuntu arezwe amategeko amwemerera kwitaba Urukiko we ubwe, kunganirwa cyangwa guhagararirwa na Avoka, ibi bikaba bikubiye mu ngingo ya 53 y`itegeko No 22/2018 ryo kuwa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi ahasobanurwamo ko ababuranyi bitaba urukiko ubwabo cyangwa bakitabirwa n’ababahagarariye, ko muri icyo gihe, ababahagarariye bubahiriza nabo amategeko akurikizwa ku baburanyi. Ubu burenganzira bwo kunganirwa cyangwa guhagararirwa mu rubanza n`Avoka bunagaragara kandi mu ngingo ya 47 y`itegeko nº 83/2013 ryo ku wa 11/09/2013 rishyiraho urugaga rw’Abavoka mu Rwanda, rikanagena imitunganyirize n`imikorere byarwo. Hashingiwe rero ku biteganywa n`izi ngingo, abaregwa bakaba bafite uburenganzira ku mafaranga

## Page 20

y`igihembo cy`Avoka n`ayikurikiranarubanza basaba ariko bagaragariza ibimenyetso by`uko bayatanze koko. [70] Hagarutswe ku byasobanuwe mu bika bibanziriza iki, Urukiko rurasanga abaregwa basaba indishyi z`akababaro ntazo bahabwa kuko bazishingira ku kuba barasiragijwe mu manza nyamara ntibagaragaze icyo byabononeye kitari gutagaguza amafaranga yabo bitabira iburanisha banashyiraho ba Avoka, kandi ibi na byo babigennye mu gaciro k`ibyo basaba gutegeka COOPILAK kwishyura. [71] Urukiko rurasanga abaregwa basaba amafaranga y`igembo cy`Avoka ariko ntihagire ugaragaza ibimenyetso bifatika byerekana ko ayo asaba gusubizwa ari yo yishyuye, hashingiwe rero ku miterere y`urubanza, Urukiko rukaba rugeneye buri wese mu baregwa bayaregeye, igihembo cy`Avoka kingana n`amafaranga y`u Rwanda ibihumbi magana atanu (500.000Frw), hashingiwe ku biteganywa mu mabwiriza n° 01/2014 agena ibihembo mbonera by’Abavoka mu Rwanda. [72] Umuburanyi uregwa witabiriye iburanisha yunganiwe mu minsi yose urubanza rwahamagajwe ni Sibomana Eugène gusa bikagaragara ko hari amafaranga yatagaguje we ubwe yitabira urubanza COOPILAK yamuhamagajemo, ariko ntagaragaza ibimenyetso ntavuguruzwa bifatika byerekana ibikorwa yakoze n`umubare w`amafaranga yakoresheje kuri buri gikorwa, mu bushishozi bw`Urukiko hanashingiwe ku nshuro yitabiriye iburanisha kandi harebwe aho asanzwe abarizwa yaturukaga yitabira iburanisha, akaba agenewe amafaranga y`u Rwanda ibihumbi ijana na mirongo itanu (150.000Frw). ICYEMEZO CY`URUKIKO [73] Rwemeje ko ikirego cyatanzwe na Cooperative Des Pecheurs D`Isambaza Dans Le Lac Kivu (COOPILAK) gisaba gusubirishamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane urubanza RCA00060/2018/TGI/RBV, rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Rubavu kuwa 23/05/2019, nta shingiro gifite. [74] Rwemeje ko nta karengane COOPILAK yagize mu rubanza RCA00060/2018/TGI/RBV rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Rubavu kuwa 23/05/2019, ko cyamunara yo kuwa 26/12/2015 yakozwe mu buryo bwubahirije amategeko. [75] Rwemeje ko urubanza RCA00060/2018/TGI/RBV, rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Rubavu kuwa 23/05/2019, rudahindutse mu ngingo zarwo zose ; [76] Rwemeje ko igihembo cy`avoka cyasabwe n`abaregwa gifite ishingiro, kimwe n`amafaranga y`ikurikiranarubanza yasabwe na Sibomana Eugène. [77] Rutegetse ko COOPILAK yishyura Sebahire Roger David, Nesongane Marina, Bucyana Donat na Sibomana Eugène, buri wese amafaranga y`u Rwanda ibihumbi magana atanu (500.000Frw) y`igihembocy`avoka. [78] Rutegetse ko COOPILAK yishyura Sibomana Eugène amafaranga y`u Rwanda ibihumbi ijana na mirongo itanu (150.000Frw) yakoresheje we ubwe akurikirana urubanza.