UBUSHINJACYAHA v. CPT NGABONZIZA N’UNDI

UBUSHINJACYAHA v. CPT NGABONZIZA N’UNDI

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2010-09-17 - Case/document no.: RPAA 0117/07/CS - Collection: Supreme Court

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UBUSHINJACYAHA v. CPT NGABONZIZA N’UNDI [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’IKIRENGA – RPAA 0117/07/CS (Rugege, P.J., Mugenzi na Mukandamage, J.) 17 Nzeli 2010] Amategeko agenga imanza nshinjabyaha – Abatangabuhamya – N’ubwo abatangabuhamya baba bafite icyo bapfa n’abaregwa, ibyo ntibyafatwa nk’umuziro kuribo utuma batabazwa, icy’ingenzi akaba ari uko imvugo yabo itapfa kwemerwa cyangwa ngo ihakanwe itabanje gusuzumwa n’Urukiko. Amategeko agenga imanza nshinjabyaha – Ukwivuguruza kw’abatangabuhamya – Ukwivuguruza kw’abatangabuhamya ntigufatirwa gusa ku magambo umutangabuhamya akoresha cyangwa kudahuza neza imvugo mu gusobanura imigendekere y’ibyo atangira ubuhamya, icya ngombwa nuko ireme ry’ibyo avuga (substance) ridahinduka. Amategeko agenga imanza nshinjabyaha – Guhuza inyito y’icyaha n’igikorwa cyaregewe – Guhuza inyito y’icyaha n’igikorwa ubwacyo gikurikiranwe (disqualification) ntibyafatwa nko guca urubanza ku kitaregewe kuko ni inshingano y’umucamanza iyo asanga inyito y’igikorwa gikurikiranywe atari yo ihura n’ibyabaye. Incamake y’ikibazo: Sgt Biziyaremye Jean Baptiste na Cpt Ngabonziza Faustin bahamijwe n’Urukiko rwa Gisirikare icyaha cyo gusambanya abana Nyirabunani Chantal na Nyiramahirwe Miriam b’imyaka 14 y’amavuko, maze rubahanisha igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri (20). Abarezwe ntibishimiye imikirize y’urubanza maze bajurira mu Rukiko rw’Ikirenga, bavuga ko banenga ko Urukiko

Rukuru rwa Gisilikare rwabahamije icyaha rushingiye ku buhamya bw’abo bafite icyo bapfa, kandi ko rwiyemereye ko hari urujijo mu bimenyetso byatanzwe, ruturutse ku kwivuguruza kw’abana babarega no kuba nta cyemezo cyo kwa muganga, bityo aho kugira ngo kubera izo mpamvu bagirwe abere, ahubwo rubashyiraho ubwinjiracyaha bwo gusambaya abo bana kandi atari cyo cyaregewe. Incamake y’icyemezo: 1. N’ubwo abatangabuhamya baba bafite icyo bapfa n’abaregwa, ibyo ntibyafatwa nk’umuziro kuribo utuma batabazwa, icy’ingenzi akaba ari uko imvugo yabo itapfa kwemerwa cyangwa ngo ihakanwe itabanje gusuzumwa n’Urukiko.

2. Ukwivuguruza kw’abatangabuhamya ntigufatirwa gusa ku magambo umutangabuhamya akoresha cyangwa kudahuza neza imvugo mu gusobanura imigendekere y’ibyo atangira ubuhamya, icya ngombwa nuko ireme ry’ibyo avuga (substance) ridahinduka.

3. Guhuza inyito y’icyaha n’igikorwa ubwacyo gikurikiranwe (disqualification) ntibyafatwa nko guca urubanza ku kitaregewe kuko ni inshingano y’umucamanza iyo asanga inyito y’igikorwa gikurikiranywe atari yo ihura n’ibyabaye. Ubujurire nta shingiro bufite.

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Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko Nº 13/2004 ryo ku wa 17/05/2004 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha, ingingo ya 177. Imanza zifashishijwe: Urubanza RPAA 0003/07/CS, rw’Ubushinjacyaha na Shirubwoba, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga mu Rwanda ku wa 18/04/2008, Imanza zaciwe n’Urukiko Rusesa imanza mu Bufaransa: Crim.- 3 mars 2004, nº 03-84.388; Crim. - 20 janvier 2009, nº 08-83.710.

Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Urukiko rwa Gisirikare rwahamije Sgt Biziyaremye Jean Baptiste na Cpt Ngabonziza Faustin icyaha cyo gusambanya abana Nyirabunani Chantal na Nyiramahirwe Miriam b’imyaka 14 y’amavuko, rubahanisha igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’ihazabu y’amafaranga ibihumbi ijana buri wese. [2] Sgt Biziyaremye na Cpt Ngabonziza bajuririye Urukiko Rukuru rwa Gisirikare, rwemeza ko bahamwa n’ubwinjiracyaha mu cyaha cyo gusambanya abana, rubahanisha igifungo cy’imyaka icumi, ihazabu y’amafaranga ibihumbi ijana buri wese, no kunyagwa impeta za gisirikare. [3] Bajuririye Urukiko rw’Ikirenga, banenga ko Urukiko Rukuru rwa Gisilikare rwabahamije icyaha rushingiye ku buhamya bw’abo bafite icyo bapfa, banavuga ko urwo Rukiko rwiyemereye ko hari urujijo mu bimenyetso byatanzwe, ruturutse ku kwivuguruza kw’abana babarega no kuba nta cyemezo cyo kwa muganga, aho kugira ngo kubera izo mpamvu bagirwe abere, ahubwo rubashyiraho ubwinjiracyaha bwo gusambaya abo bana kandi atari cyo cyaregewe. [4] Urubanza rwaburanishijwe ku wa 18/08/2010, Sgt Biziyaremye yunganiwe na Me Muhikira Jean Claude, Cpl Ngabonziza yunganiwe na Me Habimana Adolphe, naho Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na Cpt Mubiligi Fideli. II. ISESENGURA RY’IBIBAZO BIGIZE URUBANZA 1.Ku kibazo cy’abatangabuhamya baba bafite icyo bapfa n’abaregwa [5] Sgt Biziyaremye na Cpt Ngabonziza bavuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rwa

Gisilikare rutagombaga gushingira icyemezo cyarwo ku mvugo y’abatangabuhamya Pte Uwiragiye wari usanzwe afite icyo apfa na Cpt Ngabonziza wari umukuriye akaba yarajyaga asanga yasinziriye ku izamu akamuhana, naho Adjudant Muhirwa Adrien bakaba barapfuye umufariso we yamutwaye maze akabimuregera bigatuma amugirira inzika. Bavuga ko kuba Urukiko rwarashingiye ku mvugo y’abo batangabuhamya rwarirengagije ingingo ya 71 y’itegeko ryerekeye ibimenyetso mu manza n’itangwa ryabyo.

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[6] Kuri icyo kibazo, Umushinjacyaha we avuga ko impamvu abaregwa batanga z’ibyo bapfa n’abatangabuhamya babashinje zidahagije kugira ngo zibe zatuma umuntu ahimbira undi icyo atakoze. [7] Urukiko rurasanga, ingingo ya 71 y’Itegeko Nº 15/2004 ryo ku wa 12/06/2004 abaregwa bavuga ko ritubahirijwe, ariyo ahubwo isobanura ko n’ubwo ababuranyi bashobora kuvuga impamvu zituma batakwizera ko abatangabuhamya babatangira ubuhamya bw’ukuri, urukiko rudashobora kubuza umutangabuhamya w’ingirakamaro kuvuga icyo azi ku rubanza cyangwa se ngo ababuranyi bamwihane. [8] N’ubwo rero abatangabuhamya babajijwe baba bafite icyo bapfa n’abaregwa, ibyo ntibyafatwa nk’umuziro kuribo utuma batabazwa, icy’ingenzi akaba ari uko imvugo yabo itapfa kwemerwa cyangwa ngo ihakanwe itabanje gusuzumwa n’Urukiko. [9] Ku byerekeye ukuri kw’ubuhamya bwatanzwe, Urukiko rurasanga, kuba abaregwa bemera ko bahagaritse Nyirabunani na Nyiramahirwe banyuze mu kigo, aba nabo bakaba bivugira ko ihohoterwa bagiriwe ryahagaritswe n’uko hatabaye abandi basilikare, ari bo Uwiragiye na Muhirwa, nta cyatuma bidafatwaho ukuri, kuko nta mpamvu igaragara yatuma abo bakobwa bahuriza n’abo batangabuhamya ku kwemeza ko babasanganye koko n’abaregwa kandi bahurujwe n’uko abo bakobwa batatse. 2.Ku byerekeye ukwivuguruza kw’abarega banavuguruzanya n’abatangabuhamya [10] Sgt Biziyaremye na Cpl Ngabonziza bavuga ko habaye ukwivuguruza kwa

Nyirabunani na Nyiramahirwe babanje kwemeza mu Rukiko rwa Gisilikare ko basambanyijwe byuzuye, bagera mu Rukiko Rukuru rwa Gisilikare bakavuga ko abo basilikare babahutaje gusa. [11] Abaregwa banavuga kandi ko imvugo y’abo bakobwa inavuguruzanya n’iz’abatangabuhamya kuko Pte Uwiragiye yavuze ko Sgt Biziyaremye yasambanyirije Nyirabunani mu butunguru akahata ingofero kandi nta byabaye nta n’ibyo uwo mukobwa yavuze, kimwe n’imvugo ya Adjudant Muhirwa wanivuguruje kuko mu Rukiko Rukuru rwa Gisilikare yavuze ko yajyanye na Pte Uwiragiye bagasanga umwe muri abo bana afite ikabutura mu ntoki banatoragura agace k’igitenge n’ingofero, kandi mu Rukiko rwa Gisilikare yari yavuze ko basanze abana bahagaze bavuga ko bamaze gufatwa ku ngufu n’abasikikare batazi neza. [12] Abaregwa bavuga ko uko kwivuguruza no kuvuguruzanya kw’abarega n’abatangabuhamya kwagombaga gutuma Urukiko rubahanaguraho icyaha kubera gushidikanya. [13] Ubushinjacyaha bwo busubiza ko nta kwivuguruza kwabaye ku batangabuhamya kuko icyo bakomeje kugaragaza ari uko bahurujwe n’abakobwa batatse, bahagera Sgt Biziyaremye na Cpt Ngabonziza bakiruka, kandi abana bakababwira ko babakoreye ibyamfurambi. Umushinjacyaha asanga n’abo bana batarivuguruje, ko ahubwo ibyo bagiye basubiza bidahuye byaterwa n’imyaka mike bari bafite, ariko bitavuze ko ihohoterwa batarikorewe. [14] Urukiko rurasanga, ku birebana n’ubuhamya bwatanzwe, ukwivuguruza kutafatirwa gusa ku magambo umutangabuhamya akoresha cyangwa kudahuza neza imvugo mu gusobanura imigendekere y’ibyo atangira ubuhamya, icya ngombwa akaba ari uko ireme ry’ibyo avuga (substance) ridahinduka. Ku byerekeye abatangabuhamya Uwiragiye na Muhirwa, ntabwo bigeze

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bahindura ireme ry’ibyo batangiye ubuhamya bemeza ko baje batabajwe n’uko Mukabunani na Nyiramahirwe batatse, ibyo kandi bikaba bitashidikanywaho, kuko abaregwa ubwabo biyemerera ko bahagaritse abo bakobwa bakababuza kugenda ngo kuko bari banyuze mu kigo, abo bakobwa bakaba batari gutaka no gutabaza nta kintu babatwaye. [15] Naho ku bijyanye no kwivuguruza kw’abarega, bigaragara koko ko Mukabunani na Nyiramahirwe mbere bari bemeje ko basambanyijwe binjizwamo ibitsina, ariko mu Rukiko Rukuru rwa Gisilikare bavuga ko ababahohoteye batigeze binjiza ibitsina mu byabo, aha rero koko hakaba harabaye guhindura imvugo ku byababayeho, ari nayo mpamvu Urukiko Rukuru rwa Gisilikare rwemeje ko hari ugushidikanya ku kuba barinjijwemo ibitsina. Ntabwo rero abaregwa bakwiye kuvuga ko uko kwivuguruza kw’ababarega kutitaweho. 3.Ku kibazo cy’uko abaregwa bahaniwe ikindi kitari icyo baregwaga [16] Sgt Biziyaremye na Cpt Ngabonziza bavuga ko ubwo Urukiko Rukuru rwa Gisilikare rwari rumaze kwemeza ubwarwo ko hari ugushidikanya ku kibazo cyo kumenya niba ababarega barasambanyijwe, nta kindi rwagombaga gukora kitari uguhanaguraho icyaha abaregwa kuko icyo barezwe cyari kiburiwe ibimenyetso, aho kugira ngo rujye gushakira icyaha mu bwinjiracyaha kandi atari byo rwaregewe. Bemeza ko Urukiko rwirengagije ingingo ya 177 y’Itegeko ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha rugasuzuma ubujurire

rurenze imbibi z’icyajuririwe. [17] Kuri icyo kibazo, Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko icyashidikanyijweho n’Urukiko ari ukuba abana barinjijwemo ibitsina, ko atari ukuba icyaha ubwacyo cyo kuba barahohotewe kitarabaye, kuko basobanuye ko bahohotewe bagakorwa ku mabere ndetse bakanakozwaho igitsina, ko rero ababikoze bagombaga guhanwa kuko itegeko rirengera abana rihana igikorwa icyo ari cyo cyose cyabagirirwa cyo kubahohotera. [18] Ku byerekeye iyubahirizwa ry’ingingo ya 177 y’Itegeko Nº 13/2004 ryo ku wa 17/05/2004 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha abaregwa bashingiraho bavuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rwa Gisilikare rwatandukiriye rugaca urubanza ku kitajuririwe, uru Rukiko rurasanga abo bayitabaza bayumva uko itari, kuko iteganya koko ko ‘’Urukiko rwajuririwe ruburanisha gusa mu mbibi z’icyajuririwe’’, ariko bakaba batagaragaza ko ubujurire bari bashyikirije Urukiko Rukuru rwa Gisilikare atari bwo bwasuzumwe, ahubwo babihera gusa ku kuba Urukiko rwarahinduye inyito ku bikorwa byaregewe, rukavuga ko aho kuba harabaye icyaha ubwacyo habaye ubwinjiracyaha bwacyo, ibyo rero bikaba atari ugucira urubanza ku kitaregewe, ahubwo ari inshingano y’umucamanza guhuza inyito y’icyaha n’igikorwa ubwacyo gikurikiranwe (disqualification)1 iyo asanga inyito y’igikorwa gikurikiranywe atari yo ihura n’ibyabaye. Urukiko rurasanga rero no kuri iyi ngingo, ubujurire bwa Sgt Biziyaremye n’ubwa Cpt Ngabonziza nta shingiro bufite. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO

1 Reba urubanza RPAA 0003/07/CS, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga mu Rwanda ku wa 18/04/2008, Ubushinjacyaha buburana na Shirubwoba, kimwe n’imanza zaciwe n’Urukiko Rusesa imanza mu Bufaransa: Crim.- 3 mars 2004, nº 03-84.388; Crim. - 20 janvier 2009, nº 08-83.710.

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[19] Rwemeye kwakira ubujurire bwa Sgt Biziyaremye n’ubwa Cpt Ngabonziza kuko bwaje mu buryo no mu nzira bikurikije amategeko; [20] Rwemeje ko ubwo bujurire nta shingiro bufite; [21] Ruvuze ko imikirize y’urubanza rwajuririwe idahindutse; [22] Rutegetse Sgt Biziyaremye na Cpt Ngabonziza gufatanya kwishyura amagarama y’urubanza angana na 34.000frw habariwemo n’ayo baciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru rwa Gisilikare, batayatanga mu gihe cy’iminsi umunani, bagafungwa buri wese iminsi 15 y’ubugwatiramubiri, ayo mafaranga agakurwa mu byabo ku ngufu za Leta.