UBUSHINJACYAHA v. UKWITEGETSE

UBUSHINJACYAHA v. UKWITEGETSE

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2022-10-28 - Case/document no.: RPAA 00153/2021/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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UBUSHINJACYAHA v. UKWITEGETSE [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE - RPAA 00153/2021/CA (Mukamurenzi, P.J.) 28 Ukwakira 2022] Amategeko agenga imanza z’inshinjabyaha – Gusambanya umwana – Igabanyagihano –- Igihano ntikigabanywa iyo icyahaha cyagize ingaruka zikomeye ku mwana wasambanyijwe n’imyitwarire itari mwiza nyuma yo kugikora. Amategeko agenga imanza nshinjabyaha – Igihano – Mu gihe hari amategeko ahana, rimwe ryariho mu igihe icyaha cyakorwaga, irindi ryaratangajwe nyuma y’uko icyaha gikorwa, ariko urubanza rutaracibwa burundu, itegeko rishya ni ryo rikurikizwa iyo riteganya igihano cyoroheje. Incamake y’ikibazo: Urubanza rwatangiriye mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Rubavu, Ubushinjacyaha burega Ukwitegetse Olivier icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana w’imyaka 17 y’amavuko amutera inda, ndetse n’ikizamini cya DNA kigaragaza ko ari we Se w’umwana yabyaye. Uregwa yaburanye yemera ko yasambanyije uwo mwana w’umukobwa babyumvikanyeho kuko yamubwiraga ko ari mukuru, akabona n’ igihagararo cye kibigaragaza. Urukiko rwamuhamije icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri (20). Uregwa yajuririye icyo cyemezo mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Musanze asaba kugabanyirizwa igihano, Urukiko rwemeza ko ikirego cye cy’ubujurire nta shingiro gifite, rugumishaho imikirize y’urubanza. Ukwitegetse ntiyishimiye imikirize y’urubanza, yajuririye nanone Urukiko rw’Ubujurire avuga ko

yemeye icyaha mu buryo budashidikanywaho ariko inkiko zibanza zimuhanisha ibihano birebire hirengagijwe impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, ko asaba uru rukiko kumugabanyiriza igihano kugera ku rwego rwo hasi no gusubikirwa igihano kugira ngo ajye gufatanya n’uwo mwana yasambanyije kwita ku mwana. Mu iburanisha, Ubushinjacyaha bwavuze ko impamvu z’ubujurire za Ukwitegetse nta shingiro zifite kuko yahawe igihano kigabanyije nyamara icyaha yakoze kigaragaramo ubugome bukomeye bwo kwangiza ubuzima bw’umwana, ko kuba Urukiko Rukuru, urugereko rwa Musanze rutarongeye kumugabanyiriza igihano ari uko rwasanze yaragabanyirijwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rumuha igihano gihuye n’uburemere bw’icyaha cyakozwe. Buvuga ko kuri uru rwego nta gaciro ubujurire bwe bukwiye guhabwa kuko atagaragaza inenge cyangwa amakosa biri mu rubanza yajuririye n’uburyo agomba gukosorwa hashingiwe ku mategeko n’ibimenyetso. Incamake y’icyemezo: Urukiko ntirutegetswe kugabanya igihano hashingiwe kubyifuzo by’ababuranyi, kuko buri gihe itangwa ry’igihano rikorwa mu bushishozi bw’Urukiko rugendeye ku biteganywa n’ingingo ya 49 y’itegeko n° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange. Ni nako bigenda mu kweza impamvu nyoroshyacyaha zituma habaho kugabanya igihano. Ubujurire nta shingiro bufite. Amategeko yakoreshejwe: Itegeko no 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, Ingingo ya 49, 58, 59 na 133

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Imanza zashingiweho: Urubanza n° RPAA 00353/2021/CA haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Birimimana Jean Bosco rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 29/7/2022. Urubanza n° RS/INCONST/SPEC 00003/2019/SC rwo ku wa 4/12/2019 haburana Kabasinga Florida Urubanza RPAA 00305/2021/CA haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Ndahayo Ezechiel rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 25/03/2022. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Urubanza rwatangiriye mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Rubavu, Ubushinjacyaha burega Ukwitegetse Olivier icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana. Buvuga ko mu kwezi kwa gatandatu 2018 yasambanyije umwana w’umukobwa witwa U. G. wari ufite imyaka 17 y’amavuko amutera inda, ikizamini cya DNA kigaragaza ko ari we se w’umwana yabyaye ku kigereranyo cya 99, 9999999%. Ukwitegetse Olivier yaburanye yemera ko yasambanyije uwo mwana w’umukobwa babyumvikanyeho kuko yamubwiraga ko ari mukuru, akabona n’ igihagararo cye kibigaragaza. [2] Mu rubanza RP 00696/2019/TGI/RBV rwaciwe ku wa 13/12/2019, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwahamije Ukwitegetse Olivier icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana w’umukobwa witwa U.G., rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri (20). Ibimenyetso rwashingiyeho akaba ari uko yemeye icyaha kuva afatwa kugeza aburana mu rukiko n’ ikizamini cya DNA kigaragaza ko ari we se w’umwana wabyawe na U.G. [3] Ukwitegetse Olivier yajuririye imikirize y’urubanza mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Musanze asaba kugabanyirizwa

igihano. Mu rubanza RPA 00039/2020/HC/MUS, rwaciwe ku wa 20/10/2020, Urukiko rwemeje ko ikirego cye cy’ubujurire nta shingiro gifite, rugumishaho imikirize y’urubanza rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Rubavu. [4] Ukwitegetse Olivier yajuririye nanone Urukiko rw’Ubujurire avuga ko yemeye icyaha mu buryo budashidikanywaho ariko inkiko zibanza zimuhanisha ibihano birebire hirengagijwe impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, ko asaba uru rukiko kumugabanyiriza igihano kugera ku rwego rwo hasi no gusubikirwa igihano kugira ngo ajye gufatanya na UG kwita ku mwana. [5] Urubanza rwaburanishijwe ku wa 05/10/2022, Ukwitegetse Olivier yunganiwe na Me Cyiza Clément, Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na Ntawangundi Béatrice, Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’Igihugu. Iburanisha ripfundikiwe ababuranyi bamenyeshejwe ko urubanza ruzasomwa ku wa 28/10/2022. II. IKIBAZO KIGIZE URUBANZA N’ISESENGURA RYACYO  Kumenya niba Ukwitegetse Olivier yakongera kugabanyirizwa igihano [6] Ukwitegetse Olivier avuga ko impamvu y’ubujurire afite ari ugusaba kugabanyirizwa igihano kuko yahereye mu rukiko rubanza yemera icyaha ariko ahabwa ibihano birebire. Me Cyiza Clément umwunganira we avuga ko Urukiko Rukuru, urugereko rwa Musanze rwirengagije amategeko ruvuga ko Ukwitegetse

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Olivier yagabanyirijwe ibihano mu buryo bukwiye kandi atari byo, ko kuba yemera icyaha ku buryo budashidikanywaho, akaba ari ubwa mbere akurikiranywe n’inkiko kandi kugeza ubu akaba akomeje kwicuza asaba imbabazi, hari gushingirwa ku ngingo ya 78, 1° y’Itegeko Ngenga n°01/2012/OL ryo ku wa 02/05/2012 rishyiraho igitabo cy’amategeko ahana ryakurikizwaga ubwo yakoraga icyaha akagabanyirizwa igihano yahawe cyo gufungwa imyaka 20, agafanishwa igifungo kitarengeje imyaka 10. [7] Akomeza avuga ko rwanashingiye ku itegeko ryagiyeho nyuma y’uko icyaha gikorwa riteganya ko uwasambanyije umwana ahanishwa igihano kiri hagati y’igifungo cy’imyaka 20 na 25, ntirwamugabanyiriza rwirengagije ko Urukiko rw’Ikirenga mu rubanza RS/INCONST/SPEC0003/2019/SC haburana Kabasinga Florida rwo ku wa 04/12/2019 rwagaragaje ko kugira igihano ntayegayezwa bibangamira ububasha, ubwigenge n’ubushishozi bw’Urukiko, ko gutanga igihano bikwiye gushingirwa ku mahame y’ubutabera buboneye ateganywa n’ingingo ya 49 y’Itegeko riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange. Anavuga ko hari imanza zaciwe n’Uru rukiko zashingiye kuri uwo murongo, abakoze icyaha kimeze kimwe n’icyo Ukwitegetse Olivier aregwa, bemeye icyaha, bakagabanyirizwa igihano kugera ku gifungo cy’imyaka 10 kubera impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, ko mu nyungu z’ubutabera buboneye, nawe yagabanyirizwa kuko iyo Urukiko Rukuru rubiha agaciro n’ubwo rwari gushingira

ku itegeko rishya, rwari kumugabanyiriza igihano ntiruvuge ko, igihano cy’imyaka 20 y’igifungo kitagibwa munsi. [8] Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko impamvu z’ubujurire za Ukwitegetse nta shingiro zifite kuko yahawe igihano kigabanyije nyamara icyaha yakoze kigaragaramo ubugome bukomeye bwo kwangiza ubuzima bw’umwana, ko kuba Urukiko Rukuru, urugereko rwa Musanze rutarongeye kumugabanyiriza igihano ari uko rwasanze yaragabanyirijwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rumuha igihano gihuye n’uburemere bw’icyaha cyakozwe. Buvuga ko kuri uru rwego nta gaciro ubujurire bwe bukwiye guhabwa kuko atagaragaza inenge cyangwa amakosa biri mu rubanza yajuririye n’uburyo agomba gukosorwa hashingiwe ku mategeko n’ibimenyetso. Busoza buvuga ko ku byerekeranye n’uko hashingiwe ku itegeko ryagiyeho nyuma y’uko icyaha gikorwa nabyo nta shingiro bifite kuko hashingiwe ku itegeko riteganya igihano gito ku cyaha cyo gusambanya umwana utarageza ku myaka 18 y’amavuko kuko iryariho icyaha gikorwa ryateganyaga igihano cya burundu cy’umwihariko kandi ko itegeko ryoroheje rireberwa ku gihano giteganyirijwe icyaha, ko ritareberwa ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha riteganya.

UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [9] Ingingo ya 133 igika cya kabiri y’Itegeko no 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange nk’uko ryahinduwe kugeza ubu, iteganya ko uwahamijwe icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana ahanishwa igifungo kitari munsi y’imyaka makumyabiri (20) ariko kitarenze imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25). [10] Ingingo ya 49 y’Itegeko nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 ryavuzwe iteganya ko “Umucamanza atanga igihano akurikije uburemere bw'icyaha, ingaruka icyaha cyateye, impamvu zatumye uregwa agikora, uko uwagikoze yari asanzwe yitwara, imibereho ye bwite n’uburyo icyaha cyakozwemo’’. [11] Ingingo ya 58 y’iryo Tegeko igateganya ko: “Umucamanza ubwe niwe ugena niba impamvu nyoroshyacyaha zemezwa n’umucamanza zahabwa agaciro. Kwemeza impamvu nyoroshyacyaha bigomba gusobanurwa mu cyemezo cy’Urukiko”, naho Ingingo ya 59 agace ka 1o n’aka 3o ikavuga ko umucamanza ashobora kugabanya ibihano nk’iyo ushinjwa, mbere yo gukurikiranwa, yemeye icyaha akagisabira imbabazi uwo yakoreye icyaha n’umuryango nyarwanda mu buryo budashidikanywa, akicuza kandi akishyura ibyo

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yangije nk’uko bari babimutegerejeho n’iyo mu ntangiriro z’iburanisha ku rwego rwa mbere, ushinjwa yireze akemera icyaha mu buryo budashidikanywa. [12] Isesengura ry’ingingo ya 49, 58 n’iya 59 z’Itegeko n˚ 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 ryavuzwe ryumvikanisha ibyo Umucamanza aheraho atanga igihano n’uko mu bushishozi bwe asuzuma impamvu nyoroshyacyaha akazisobanura, akemeza ko zoroshya uburemere bw’icyaha kandi ko zikwiye gushingirwaho zigatuma uregwa agabanyirizwa igihano. Bivuze ko Umucamanza adategetswe kwemeza impamvu nyoroshyacyaha igihe cyose zigaragajwe, ngo agabanyirize uregwa igihano, ahubwo azemeza mu bushishozi bwe cyangwa ntazemeze nk’impamvu zituma habaho kugabanya igihano kubera imikorere y’icyaha uregwa akurikiranweho cyangwa uburyo cyakozwemo. Ibi bihura n’ibyasobanuwe mu rubanza n° RPAA 00353/2021/CA haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Birimimana Jean Bosco rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 29/7/2022. [13] Mu rubanza rujuririrwa, Urukiko Rukuru, urugereko rwa Musanze rwasuzumye ibijyanye no kuba Ukwitegetse Olivier yakongera kugabanyirizwa igihano no kuba harashingiwe ku itegeko ryasohotse nyuma y’uko icyaha gikorwa, rushingiye ku biteganywa n’ingingo ya 133 y’Itegeko n° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, rugaragaza ko atakongera kugabanyirizwa igihano kuko yahanishijwe igihano gito giteganywa n’itegeko kandi ko gikwiranye n’icyaha

yakoze cyo gusambanya umwana akamutera inda, ko kitanagabanywa hashingiwe ku mpamvu zashingiweho n’urukiko rubanza rugabanya igihano. Runagaragaza ko Itegeko rishya ryashingiweho ari ryo riteganya igihano gito kiri hagati y’igifungo cy’imyaka 20 n’igifungo cy’imyaka 25 ku cyaha cyo gusambanya umwana yahamijwe kuko iryariho icyaha gikorwa ryateganyaga igifungo cya burundu cy’umwihariko. [14] Mu bujurire bwe, Ukwitegetse Olivier nabwo asaba kugabanyirizwa igihano avuga ko Urukiko Rukuru, urugereko rwa Musanze rutamugabanyirije igihano rwirengagije ko yaburanye yemera icyaha, ntirwanashingira ku itegeko ryariho icyaha gikorwa cyangwa ngo ruhe agaciro umurongo watanzwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga mu rubanza RS/INCONST/SPEC0003/2019/SC rwo ku wa 04/12/2019 ku byerekeranye n’igihano ntayegayezwa ngo rumugabanyirize igihano kugeza ku gihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 10. [15] Ku byerekeranye n’Itegeko rigomba gukurikizwa muri uru rubanza, Urukiko rusanga , nk’uko Urukiko Rukuru, urugereko rwa Musanze rwa bisobanuye mu gika cya 9 cy’urubanza rujurirwa, Itegeko nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange nk’uko ryahinduwe kugeza ubu ari ryo rigomba gukurikizwa kuko ari ryo riteganya igihano gito kiri hagati y’igifungo cy’imyaka 20 n’imyaka 25 ku muntu wahamwe n’icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana utarageza ku myaka 18 mu gihe Itegeko Ngenga n°01/2012/OL ryo ku wa 02/05/2012

rishyiraho igitabo cy’amategeko ahana ryariho ubwo Ukwitegetse Olivier yakoraga icyaha ryateganyaga igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu cy’umwihariko ku muntu wahamwe n’icyo cyaha.1 Kuba iryoTegeko ryasohotse nyuma ari ryo riteganya igihano gito n’uko ari ryo rikoreshwa mu manza zikiburanishwa ni byo bihura n’ingingo ya 6 y’Itegeko nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 ryavuzwe. Bityo kuba Urukiko Rukuru rwarashingiye ku Itegeko nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange rugena igihano nta kosa rwakoze, kubera ko igihano gito kitareberwa ku buryo itegeko riteganya igabanya ry’igihano. 1 Ingingo ya 191 Itegeko Ngenga n°01/2012/OL ryo ku wa 02/05/2012 rishyiraho igitabo cy’amategeko ahana iteganya ko : “Umuntu wese usambanyije umwana, ahanishwa igifungo cya burundu cy umwihariko” ‟

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[16] Urukiko rusanga kandi dosiye igaragaza ko Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Rubavu rwagabanyirije Ukwitegetse Olivier igihano kubera kwemera icyaha, igihano kiza kugumishwaho n’Urukiko Rukuru, urugereko rwa Musanze nyuma yo gusanga yaragabanyirijwe igihano kubera kwemera icyaha, agahanishwa igihano gito giteganyirijwe icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana cyamuhamye cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 20 mu gihe habaye kugabanya kubera impamvu nyoroshyacyaha. [17] Urukiko rusanga ibyo Ukwitegetse Olivier n’umwunganira bavuga ko yagabanyirizwa igihano hashingiwe ku murongo watanzwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga mu rubanza n° RS/INCONST/SPEC 00003/2019/SC rwo ku wa 4/12/2019 haburana Kabasinga Florida no ku manza zaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire zarushingiyeho zikagabanya igihano gito giteganyirijwe icyaha agahanishwa igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 10, nta shingiro uru rukiko rwabiha kuko nk’uko byasobanuwe, urukiko rudategetswe kugabanya igihano nk’uko babyifuza ahubwo buri gihe itangwa ry’igihano rikorwa mu bushishozi bwarwo rugendeye ku biteganywa n’ingingo ya 49 y’itegeko n° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 ryavuzwe, ko ari nako bigenda mu kweza impamvu nyoroshyacyaha zituma habaho kugabanya igihano. [18] Urukiko, nyuma yo gusesengura ibikubiye muri dosiye, rusanga Ukwitegetse Olivier atakongera kugabanyirizwa igihano kubera uburemere bw’icyaha yakoze cyo gusambanya umwana ufite imyaka 17 y’amavuko kugeza ubwo amutera

inda kandi ari umugabo wubatse ufite umugore n’abana, ndetse n’aho uyu mwana abyariye, nk’uko abatangabuhamya babivuga, aho kumufasha yaramutereranye, akanacunaguza umuryango we awumvisha ko ntacyo uzamukoraho kubera ko ari abakene, yanga no kwemera ko ari we wamubyariye kugeza hakozwe ikizami cya ADN cyerekanye ko ari we se w’umwana U.G yabyaye. [19] Ku bw’ibyo, Urukiko rwifashishije ibyasobanuwe mu rubanza RPAA 00305/2021/CA haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Ndahayo Ezechiel rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 25/03/2022, rusanga iyi mwitwarire yo kwangiza ejo hazaza h’umwana w’umukobwa kubera ingaruka z’icyaha yakorewe n’imyitwarire yagize nyuma yo kugikora, bituma uru rukiko rubona igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 20 yahanishijwe gikwiranye n’icyaha yakoze. Bityo rero Ubujurire bwa Ukwitegetse Olivier bukaba nta shingiro bufite. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [20] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Ukwitegetse Olivier nta shingiro bufite. [21] Rwemeje ko urubanza RPA 00039/2020/HC/MUS, rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, urugereko rwa Musanze ku wa 20/10/2020 rudahindutse. [22] Rwemeje ko igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri (20) yahanishijwe kigumyeho. [23] Rutegetse ko asonerwa amagarama y’urubanza kuko aburana afunzwe.