UBUSHINJACYAHA v RUZIGAMINTWARI

# UBUSHINJACYAHA v RUZIGAMINTWARI

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2025-12-24 - Case/document no.: RPAA 00599/2025/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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UBUSHINJACYAHA v RUZIGAMINTWARI [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE - RPAA 00599/2025/CA (Tugireyezu, P.J.) 24 Ukuboza 2025] Amategeko agenga imanza z’inshinjabyaha – Igabanyagihano - Uwagabanyirijwe igihano kugera ku gihano gito giteganywa n’itegeko ntashobora kongera kugabanyirizwa. Amategeko agenga imanza z’inshinjabyaha – Igabanyagihano – Gusuzuma impamvu nyoroshyacyaha - Mu gihe igihano cy’igifungo uregwa yahawe, aricyo gito itegeko riteganya, nta mpamvu yo gusuzuma niba impamvu nyoroshyacyaha agaragaza zifite ishingiro kuko atakongera kugabanyirizwa igihano cy’igifungo aba yarahawe. Incamake y’ikibazo: Hakizimana yaje gufatanwa urumogi ibiro 5 ubwo yari yahawe na Ruzigamintwari ngo arumucururize, akaba yarafashwe ubwo yavuganaga n’abo yagombaga kurugurisha, inzego z’umutekano ziyoberanyije zikigira abaguzi. Bakimufata, yababwiye ko yaruhawe na Ruzigamintwari, ajya kubereka aho atuye na we arafatwa. Hakizimana yaburanye yemera icyaha asobanura ko yahawe ikiraka na Ruzigamintwari ngo amutwaze ako kazigo akagejeje aho yari akajyanye ahita afatwa basanga ari urumogi. Ruzigamintwari we nubwo mu Bushinjacyaha yari yemeye icyaha, yaje guhundura aburana agihakana. Ubushinjacyaha bwabareze mu Rukiko rwisumbuye rwa Ngoma icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiybyabwenge, urukiko rwasanze Hakizimana ahamwa n’icyaha cyo korohereza umuntu gukoresha ibiyobyabwenge cyangwa urusobe rw’imiti ikoreshwa nka byo rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka itatu (3 ) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga miliyoni eshatu (3.000.000 Frw), rwemeza kandi ko Ruzigamintwari ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gukora ibikorwa byerekeranye n’ibiyobyabwenge cyangwa urusobe rw’imiti ikoreshwa nka byo aruha Hakizimana Jean Pierre ngo arumugurishirize, rumuhanisha igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu y’amafaranga miliyoni mirongo itatu (30.000.000Frw). Abaregwa bajuririye icyo cyemezo mu Rukiko Rukuru, Hakizimana asaba guhanirwa gufatanwa ibiyobyabwenge, agasaba kandi ko yagabanyrizwa igihano cyangwa kigasubikwa. Ruzigamintwari we yasabaga ko yahindurirwa inyito y’icyaha kikitwa kugira uruhuare mu gufatanwa ibiyobyabwenge agasaba no kugabanyirizwa igihano. Urukiko rwasanze ubujurire bwabo nta shingiro bufite, rwemeza ko nta gihindutse ku gihano cyahawe Hakizimana, naho kuri Ruzigamintwari, rwemeje ko ahamwa n’icyaha cyo kuba icyitso ku byaha byo gutunda no kugurisha urumogi, rumugabanyiriza igihano, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu ya 5.000.000 Frw. Ruzigamintwari yajuririye icyo cyemezo mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, hasuzumwa ikibazo cyo kumenya niba yakongera kugabanyirizwa igihano. Asobanura ko yagabanyirizwa igihano kuko yemera icyaha kandi akaba ari ubwa mbere akurikiranwe n’inkiko. Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko urega atakongera kugabanyirizwa igaihano kuko yagabanyrijwe bihagije. Incamake y’icyemezo: 1. Uwagabanyirijwe igihano kugera ku gihano gito giteganywa n’itegeko ntashobora kongera kugabanyirizwa.

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2. Mu gihe igihano cy’igifungo uregwa yahawe, aricyo gito itegeko riteganya, nta mpamvu yo gusuzuma niba impamvu nyoroshyacyaha agaragaza zifite ishingiro kuko atakongera kugabanyirizwa igihano cy’igifungo aba yarahawe. Ubujurire, nta shingiro bufite. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange ihindura ingingo ya 60 y’Itegeko nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ingingo ya 2 Imanza zifashishijwe: RPAA 00048/2020/CA, Ubushinjacyaha na Bimenyimana Jean Paul; rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 26/05/2022; RPAA 00643/2024/CA, Ubushinjacyaha na Ayinkamiye Kellen rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 30/5/2025. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Ku wa 20/02/2022, ahagana saa tanu za mu gitondo (11h00), bari mu Ntara y'i Burasirazuba, Akarere ka Kirehe, Umurenge wa Gatore, Akagari ka Rwantonde, Umudugudu wa Rubona, Hakizimana Jean Pierre na Ruzigamintwari Valens bafatanwe 5kg by'urumogi. Ruzigamintwari usanzwe akorera ku cyambu cya Karehero gikora ku mupaka w'u Rwanda na Tanzania ku mugezi w’Akagera yumvikanye n’umutanzaniya witwa Ramadhan kuzamuha urumogi ngo arumucururize mu Rwanda, aruha Hakizimana Jean Pierre ngo arushyire abakiriya bavuganiraga na we kuri telefone, abagezeho asanga ni abapolisi bahita bamufata, ajya no kubereka Ruzigamintwari Valens babanaga mu rugo na we arafatwa. [2] Iperereza rirangiye, Ubushinjacyaha bwareze Hakizimana Jean Pierre na Ruzigamintwari Valens mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Ngoma bubakurikiranyeho icyaha cyo gutunda no gucurura ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, busaba ko kibahama akagihanirwa. [3] Hakizimana Jean Pierre yaburanye yemera icyaha, avuga ko mu gihe cya saa kumi n’imwe n’iminota itanu umuntu yamubwiye ngo aze amuhe akazigo araza arakamuha ngo akamutwarire nyuma gato baramufata baramukubita bamubaza uwakamuhaye ngo avuga ko ari Donatien, asaba imbabazi anavuga ko atazongera. Naho Ruzigamintwari Valens yaburanye ahakana icyaha akavuga ko umunsi afatwa yari yaraye kwa mugenzi we Jean Pierre, ko umunsi babafata bamukubise, ko ibyo yavuze yabivugishijwe n’inkoni yakubwiswe akaba atemera imvugo yavugiye mu Bugenzacyaha. [4] Mu rubanza No RP 00288/2022/TGI/NGOMA rwaciwe ku wa 31/03/2022, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Ngoma rwasanze hari ibimenyetso byemeza ko abaregwa bakoze icyaha birimo:

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a) Kuba mu mvugo za Hakizimana Jean Pierre abazwa mu Bushinjacyaha yaremeye gufatanwa no gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, akanashinja Ruzigamintwari Valens ko yamuhaye urumogi ibiro bita b) nu ngo abishyire umugabo wo muri Tanzaniya ku gihembo cy’amafaranga ibihumbi bitanu maze abijyanye polisi iramufata; c) Kuba mu mvugo za Ruzigamintwari Valens abazwa mu Bushinjacyaha yaremeye icyaha akanavuga ko yahamagaye uwitwa Ramazani ngo amuzanire urumogi ibiro bitanu arushyikiriza Hakizimana Jean Pierre bamwishyura ibihumbi makumyabiri na bitanu, amaze kurubona aruha Hakizimana Jean Pierre baramufata, na we aza gufatwa nyuma, ko acuruza urumogi kubera ubukene, aba ashaka amafaranga; d) Imvugo z’umutangabuhamya PC Ishimwe Armer ubashinja; e) Kuba Hakizimana Jean Pierre na Ruzigamintwari Valens barashyize igikumwe ku nyandikomvugo y’ifatira y’urumogi ibiro bitanu bemera ko barufatanwe; f) Raporo yakozwe n’ubuyobozi bw’Akagari ka Rwantonde igaragaza ko Hakizimana Jean Pierre yafatanwe urumogi rungana n’ibiro bitanu agiye kugurisha, akaba yarababwiye ko yaruhawe na Ruzigamintwari Valens, kandi bagiye kureba Ruzigamintwari Valens bamusanga iwabo wa Hakizimana Jean Pierre abemerera ko ari we wahaye urwo rumogi Hakizimana Jean Pierre ngo ajye kumushakira isoko. Urukiko rushingiye kuri ibyo bimenyetso, rwemeje ko Hakizimana Jean Pierre ahamwa n’icyaha cyo korohereza umuntu gukoresha ibiyobyabwenge cyangwa urusobe rw’imiti ikoreshwa nka byo rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka itatu (3 ) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga miliyoni eshatu (3.000.000 Frw), rwemeza kandi ko Ruzigamintwari Valens ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gukora ibikorwa byerekeranye n’ibiyobyabwenge cyangwa urusobe rw’imiti ikoreshwa nka byo aruha Hakizimana Jean Pierre ngo arumugurishirize, rumuhanisha igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu y’amafaranga miliyoni mirongo itatu (30.000.000Frw). [5] Abaregwa ntibishimiye imikirize y’urubanza, bajuririra mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana, Hakizimana Jean Pierre asaba ko aho guhanirwa korohereza undi gukoresha ibiyobyabwenge yahanirwa gufatanwa urumogi kandi akagabanyirizwa igihano cy’igifungo ndetse kigasubikwa, akanakurirwaho ihazabu, akaba yanahanishwa imirimo y’inyungu rusange. Naho Ruzigamintwari Valens asaba kugirwa umwere, ariko urukiko rwabibona ukundi akagabanyirizwa ibihano. Nyuma yohereje undi mwanzuro yita uw’inyongera asaba guhindurirwa inyito y’icyaha agahanirwa kugira uruhare mu gufatanwa urumogi. [6] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha yaburanye avuga ko impamvu z’ubujurire zabo zitahabwa ishingiro, urubanza rwajuririwe rukagumaho. [7] Mu rubanza No RPA 00814/2022/HC/RWG, rwaciwe ku wa 22/05/2025, Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana rwasanze ibimenyetso byatanzwe n’Ubushinjacyaha bigizwe n’imvugo z’abaregwa, n’iy’umutangabuhamya wabafatiye mu cyuho ndetse na Raporo y’Akagari ka Rwantonde, bihuriza ku kugaragaza uruhare buri wese yagize mu gutunda no gucuruza 5kg by’urumogi bafatanwe, Hakizimana Jean Pierre akaba yaragiye kuruzana ku cyambu mu ijoro atumwe na Ruzigamintwari Valens bakarurarana ahongaho barubitse, bugacya arushyira abo yibwiraga ko ari abaguzi ari na bwo bamufatiye mu cyuho, na bwo atumwe na Ruzigamintwari

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Valens kurubashyira. Ibi bikagaragaza neza ko Hakizimana Jean Pierre yatundaga kandi akagurisha urumogi naho Ruzigamintwari Valens akaba icyitso kuri ibi byaha byombi kuko byumvikana ko yabigizemo uruhare. Ko ibyo Hakizimana yireguza avuga ko ngo yari ashyiriye abaguzi imari yibwiraga ko ari itabi rya Super Match bidakwiye gufatwaho ukuri mu gihe imvugo ya Ruzigamintwari Vlans igaragaza ko ari we wagiye kuzana urumogi ku cyambu, mu gihe kandi imvugo y’umutangabuhamya PC Ishimwe Armer igaragaza ko babanje kujya mu biciro yabanje no guhambura akabereka urumogi yari abazaniye ngo bagure, bityo rwanzura ko Hakizimana Jean- Pierre akomeza guhanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka 3 n’ihazabu ya 3.000.000 Frw yahawe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye, ko ubujurire bwa Ruzigamintwari Valens busaba kugirwa umwere ku byaha byo gutunda no kugurisha urumogi budafite ishingiro, rumuhamya kuba icyitso ku byaha byo gutunda no kugurisha urumogi, rumugabanyiriza igihano, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu ya 5.000.000 Frw. [8] Ruzigamintwari Valens ntiyishimiye imikirize y’urubanza, ajuririra mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, urubanza ruhabwa No RPAA 00599/2025/CA, iburanisha rishyirwa ku wa 09/12/2025, Ruzigamintwari Valens yitabye yunganiwe na Me Micomyiza Liliane naho Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na Uwizeye Jean Marie, Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’Igihugu. [9] Mu mwanzuro no mu miburanire, Ruzigamintwari Valens na Me Micomyiza Liliane umwunganira basaba ko yakongera kugabanyirizwa ibihano ku buryo buhagije kuko Urukiko Rukuru rutamugabanyirije igihano ku buryo buhagije kandi yaremeye icyaha ku buryo budashidikanywaho ntarushye Urukiko, ari nabwo bwa mbere yagwa mu mutego w’icyaha. Banasaba ko mu kumugabanyiriza igihano yahawe hazashingirwa ku murongo wafashwe mu rubanza N° RPAA 00505/2021/CA rwaciwe ku wa 26/4/2023 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Nyirandikubwayo Jeannette ndetse n'urubanza N° RPA 0764/2024/CA rwaciwe ku wa 22/05/2025 haburana Ubushijacyaha na Kirezi Albert maze rugahanisha Ruzigamintwari Valens igihano cy'igifungo cy'imyaka itanu (5) n'ihazabu ya Milliyoni eshanu (5.000.000 Frw). [10] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko ibisabwa na Ruzigamintwari Valens na Me Micomyiza Liliane umwunganira ko yakongera kugabanyirizwa ndetse agahabwa igihano cy’imyaka 5 kiri munsi y’igihano gito giteganywa n’itegeko, nta shingiro bikwiye guhabwa kubera ko icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw'urumogi, Ruzigamintwari Valens yahamijwe, gihanishwa igifungo cya burundu, hashingiwe ku biteganywa mu ngingo ya 11 y'Itegeko N° 69/2019 ryo kuwa 08/11/2019 rihindura itegeko N° 68/2018 riteganya ibyaha n'ibihano muri rusange iteganya ko umuntu uhamwe n'icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge bihambaye, ahanishwa igifungo cya burundu n'ihazabu itari munsi y'amafaranga 20.000.000 ariko itarenze amafaranga 30.000.000. Naho ingingo ya 2 y'Itegeko N° 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n'ibihano muri rusange iteganya ko: "Iyo umucamanza yemeje impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, ashobora kugabanya igihano ku buryo bukurikira: ...(a) igifungo cya burundu gishobora kugabanywa ariko ntikijye munsi y'igihano cy'igifungo cy'imyaka cumi n'itanu(15). ko rero bigaragara ko Urukiko Rukuru, rwamugabanyirije igihano cy'igifungo kugeza ku gifungo cumi n'itanu (15), iki kikaba aricyo gihano gito gishoboka itegeko ryageneye umuntu wakoze icyaha gihanishwa igifungo cya burundu (nk'uko biri kuri Ruzigamintwari Valens wahamwe no gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw'urumogi) mu gihe umucamanza yasanze hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha ku birebana n'ushinjwa; bityo igihano yahanishijwe kikaba kigomba kugumaho.

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[11] Hakurikijwe ibivugwa na buri ruhande, urukiko rurasanga hakwiye gusuzumwa ikibazo gikurikira: Kumenya niba igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu ya 5.000.000 Frw Ruzigamintwari Valens yahanishijwe cyakongera kugabanywa. II. ISESENGURA RY’IKIBAZO KIGIZE URUBANZA

Kumenya niba igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu ya 5.000.000 Frw Ruzigamintwari Valens yahanishijwe cyakongera kugabanywa. [12] Ruzigamintwari Valens yunganiwe na Me Micomyiza Liliane yajuririye Urukiko rw’Ubujurire asaba kongera kugabanyirizwa igihano. Naho Ubushinjacyaha busubiza ko igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu ya 5.000.000 Frw yahawe aricyo gito gishoboka hakurijwe ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 2, agace ka a) na d) y’Itegeko No 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko No 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, akaba adashobora kongera kugabanyirizwa. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [13] Impaka kuri iyi ngingo zishingiye ku kumenya niba igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 15 na 5.000.000 Frw Ruzigamintwari Valens yahanishijwe cyakongera kugabanywa kugeza munsi y’igihano gito giteganywa n’itegeko hashingiwe ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha yo kuba yaraburanye yemera icyaha, ataruhije Urukiko no kuba aribwo bwa mbere yagwa mu mutego w’icyaha. [14] Ikibazo cyo kongera kugabanya igihano kubera impamvu nyoroshyacyaha mu gihe igihano cyatanzwe aricyo gito gishoboka cyatanzweho umurongo mu rubanza Nº RPAA 00048/2020/CA rwaciye ku wa 26/05/2022 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Bimenyimana Jean Paul. Muri urwo rubanza, Urukiko rwasobanuye imikoreshereze y’ingingo ya 2 y’Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange ihindura ingingo ya 60 y’Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, aho rwemeje ko uwagabanyirijwe igihano kugera ku gihano gito giteganywa n’itegeko adashobora kongera kugabanyirizwa. Ibi kandi ni nabyo byakomeje gushimangirwa mu manza zitandukanye harimo n’urubanza No RPAA 00643/2024/CA rwaciwe n’uru Rukiko ku wa 30/5/2025 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Ayinkamiye Kellen aho mu gika cyarwo cya 33, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwasobanuye ko mu gihe igihano cy’igigfungo uregwa yahawe, aricyo gito itegeko riteganya, nta mpamvu yo gusuzuma niba impamvu nyoroshyacyaha agaragaza zifite ishingiro kuko atakongera kugabanyirizwa igihano cy’igifungo aba yarahawe. [15] Hashingiwe ku bisobanuro byatanzwe n’Uru Rukiko mu manza zitandukanye rwaciye zagaragajwe haruguru, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire Ruzigamintwari Valens wahamijwe icyaha cyo gutunda no gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana, rukamugabanyiriza igihano kugeza ku gifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu ya 5.000.000 Frw, uru Rukiko rurasanga ubujurire bwe nta shingiro bufite kuko icyo gihano yahawe aricyo gihano gito gishoboka, kikaba kidashobora kongera kugabanywa. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO

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[16] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Ruzigamintwari Valens nta shingiro bufite; [17] Rwemeje ko imikirize y’urubanza No RPA 00814/2022/HC/RWG, rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana ku wa 22/05/2025, idahindutse mu ngingo zarwo zose; [18] Rwemeje ko igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000 Frw) Ruzigamintwari Valens yahanishijwe mbere kigumyeho.