DUFITUMUKIZA

# DUFITUMUKIZA

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2023-07-01 - Case/document no.: RPAA 00002/2022/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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UBUSHINJACYAHA v. DUFITUMUKIZA [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RPAA 00002/2022/CA (Kanyange, P.J.) 19 Gicurasi 2023] Amategeko agenga imanza nshinjabyaha – Impamvu z’ubujurire – Kujuririra kugabanyirizwa igihano gusa - Buri mucamanza ku rwego urwo arirwo rwose, yemerewe gutanga igihano mu bushishozi bwe kijyanye n’uburemere bw’icyaha ndetse n’ingaruka zacyo ariko mu bujurire Umucamanza agomba kuzirikana ko yemerewe gusa guhindura igihano cyatanzwe, ari uko amaze kugaragaza ko urukiko rubanza rwaba rwarakoresheje itegeko cyangwa ubushishozi bwarwo nabi mu gutanga icyo gihano. Incamake y’ikibazo: Uru rubanza rwatangiriye mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Karongi, uregwa akurikiranyweho icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana w’umukobwa w’imyaka 17, Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko yakundanye n’uwo mwana aza kumusambanya, nyuma aza no kumujyana iwe babana nk’umugabo n’umugore. Uregwa yaburanye yemera ko yakundanye n’uwo mukobwa bakaryamana akamutera inda, amaze kubimubwira amujyana iwe barabana, nyuma iwabo baza kumwoherereza irangamuntu asanga afite imyaka 17, amubajije impamvu yamubwiye ko afite 19 amubwira ko yagira ngo atumva ko ari umwana akamutererana, ko yafashwe ubwo yari amuherekeje ku bitaro agiye kwipimisha. Urwo Rukiko rwaciye urubanza nuko rwemeza ko uregwa ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana, rumuhanisha igifungo cya burundu. Uregwa yajuriye mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rusizi, avuga ko Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Karongi rwamuhanishije igifungo cya burundu kandi N.O barabanye ababyeyi babizi ndetse mu nzego zose akaba yaragiye amusabira imbabazi avuga ko yabigizemo uruhare, ko kandi rwirengagije ko yemeye icyaha no kuba atari agamije kumuhohotera ahubwo bakundanye bakabana, asaba Urukiko kumugabanyiriza igihano no kugisubika kugira ngo ajye kurera uwo mwana. Urwo Rukiko narwo rwaciye urubanza, rushingiye ku manza zaciwe rusanga hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha zituma akwiye kugabanyirizwa igihano, rwamuhanishije igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 20. Uregwa yatanze ubujurire bwa kabiri mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire avuga ko Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rusizi rwamuhanishije igihano kirekire kandi yaraburanye yemera icyaha akanagisabira imbabazi, ko asaba Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ko rwakongera rukakigabanya akabona uko ajya kwita ku mwana yabyaranye na N.O. Ubushinjacyaha bwo buvuga ko ubujurire nta shingiro bufite, kuko Urukiko Rukuru rwamugabanyirije igihano mu buryo buhagije kandi hakurikijwe amategeko, kikaba kitakongera kugabanywa. Incamake y’icyemezo: Buri mucamanza ku rwego urwo arirwo rwose, yemerewe gutanga igihano mu bushishozi bwe kijyanye n’uburemere bw’icyaha ndetse n’ingaruka zacyo ariko mu bujurire Umucamanza agomba kuzirikana ko yemerewe gusa guhindura igihano cyatanzwe, ari uko amaze kugaragaza ko urukiko rubanza rwaba rwarakoresheje itegeko cyangwa ubushishozi bwarwo nabi mu gutanga icyo gihano.

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Ubujurire bugamije igabanyagihano bufite ishingiro. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ingingo ya 49, n’iya 58. Imanza zifashishijwe: RPA 00060/2021/CA; Ubushinjacyaha v. Nsabimana alias Sankara, rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rw’Ubujurire ku wa 04/04/2022. RPAA00071/2022/CA; Ubushinjacyaha v. Ntihinyuka, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 31/3/2023. RPAA 00034/2022/CA; Ubushinjacyaha v. Mbazimana Matata, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 24/03/2023. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Uru rubanza rwatangiriye mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Karongi, Ubushinjacyaha burega Dufitumukiza Léonard icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana w’umukobwa w’imyaka 17 witwa N.O1, buvuga ko yakundanye n’uwo mwana aza kumusambanya mu kwezi kwa 01/2019 naho mu kwezi kwa 03 k’uwo mwaka amujyana iwe babana nk’umugabo n’umugore. [2] Dufitumukiza Léonard yaburanye yemera ko yakunganye n’uwo mukobwa bakaryamana akamutera inda, amaze kubimubwira amujyana iwe barabana, nyuma iwabo baza kumwoherereza irangamuntu asanga afite imyaka 17, amubajije impamvu yamubwiye ko afite 19 amubwira ko yagira ngo atumva ko ari umwana akamutererana, ko yafashwe ubwo yari amuherekeje ku bitaro agiye kwipimisha. [3] Mu rubanza nº RP 00533/2019/TGI/KNG rwaciwe ku wa 03/12/2019, Urukiko rwashingiye kuri uko kwemera kwe, ku mvugo z’abatangabuhamya no kuri raporo ya muganga yagaragaje ko uwo mwana, rwemeza ko ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana, rumuhanishwa igifungo cya burundu. [4] Dufitumukiza Léonard yajuriye mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rusizi, avuga ko Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Karongi rwamuhanishije igifungo cya burundu kandi N.O barabanye ababyeyi babizi ndetse mu nzego zose akaba yaragiye amusabira imbabazi avuga ko yabigizemo uruhare, ko kandi rwirengagije ko yemeye icyaha no kuba atari agamije kumuhohotera ahubwo bakundanye bakabana, afatwa amuherejekeje kwipimisha, asaba Urukiko kumugabanyiriza igihano no kugisubika kugira ngo ajye kurera uwo mwana. [5] Mu rubanza nº RPA 00448/2019/HC/RSZ rwaciwe ku wa 20/10/2021, Urukiko, rushingiye ku manza zaciwe harimo urubanza nº RS/INCONST/SPES 00003/SC rwaciwe 1 Amazina yahinwe mu nyunyu z’uwo mwana.

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n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 04/12/2019 n’urubanza nº RPAA 00032/2019/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 28/02/2020, rwasanze nta cyabuza ko igihano Dufitumukiza Léonard yahanishijwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Karongi kigabanywa; ko rero kuba yaremeye icyaha kandi akaba yarabanye na N.O atagambiriye kumugirira nabi, byamubera impamvu nyoroshyacyaha maze rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 20, rusanga ariko icyo gihano kitasubikwa nk’uko abisaba kuko byaba binyuranye n’ingingo ya 64 y’itegeko no 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange. [6] Dufitumukiza Léonard yatanze ubujurire bwa kabiri mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire avuga ko Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rusizi rwamuhanishije igihano kirekire kandi yaraburanye yemera icyaha akanagisabira imbabazi, ko asaba Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ko rwakongera rukakigabanya akabona uko ajya kwita ku mwana yabyaranye na N.O. [7] Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko iyo mpamvu y’ubujurire nta shingiro ifite, kuko Urukiko Rukuru rwamugabanyirije igihano mu buryo buhagije kandi hakurikijwe amategeko, kikaba kitakongera kugabanywa. [8] Urubanza rwaburanishijwe mu ruhame ku wa 04/05/2023, Dufitumukiza Léonard yunganiwe na Me Rwabigwi Augustin na Me Manirakiza Claude, Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe n’Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’igihugu, Mbaragijimana Désiré. [9] Dufitumukiza Léonard n’abunganizi be bavuze ko ikibazo bifuza ko Urukiko rusuzuma ari ikirebana no kongera kugabanyirizwa ibihano. IKIBAZO KIRI MU RUBANZA N’ ISESENGURWA RYACYO i. Kumenya niba Dufitumukiza Léonard yakongera kugabanyirizwa igihano [10] Dufitumukiza Léonard avuga yahamijwe icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana, Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rusizi rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 20, akaba asanga icyo gihano ari kirekire kuko kuva mu Bugenzacyaha kugera mu Rukiko atigeze arushya ubutabera kuko yemeye icyaha agisabira imbabazi. Avuga kandi ko Urukiko rwirengagije imibereho y’umwana n’iya N.O, kuko nubwo uyu yasubiye iwabo ariko afite gahunda yo kuzagaruka bakabana. [11] Abamwunganira nabo bavuga ko icyo ubujurire bwe bugamije ari ukugabanyirizwa igihano, kuko ingingo ya 60 y’Itegeko riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange itagombaga gushingirwaho bitewe nuko yazitiye Umucamanza ituma atajya munsi y’igihano gito giteganywa n’Itegeko, ko nubwo uwo bunganira yagabanyije igihano ariko kitagabanyijwe mu buryo bukwiye. [12] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko iyo mpamvu y’ubujurire nta shingiro ifite, kuko Urukiko Rukuru rwashingiye ku rubanza rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga n’urwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire maze rumugabanyiriza igihano rushingiye ku kuba yeremeye icyaha ko kandi atari agambiriye kugirira nabi umukobwa yasambanyije, ko rero Ubushinjacyaha busanga yaragabanyirijwe igihano ku buryo buhagije kandi bukurikije amategeko ku buryo adakwiye kongera kugabanyirizwa, cyane cyane ko nta mpamvu agaragaza yatuma cyongera kugabanywa.

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UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [13] Impaka ziri muri uru rubanza zishingiye ku kumenya niba Dufitumukiza Léonard yakongera kugabanyirizwa igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 20 yahanishijwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rusizi. [14] Ku bijyanye n’itangwa ry’ibihano, ingingo ya 49 y’Itegeko n° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, iteganga ko: ‘’Umucamanza atanga igihano akurikije uburemere bw’icyaha, ingaruka icyaha cyateye, impamvu zatumye agikora, uko uwagikoze yari asanzwe yitwara, imibereho ye bwite n’uburyo icyaha cyakozwemo’’. Naho ingingo ya 58 y’iryo Tegeko, iteganya ko “Umucamanza ubwe ari we ugena niba impamvu nyoroshyacyaha zemezwa n’umucamanza zahabwa agaciro. Kwemeza impamvu nyoroshyacyaha bigomba gusobanurwa mu cyemezo cy’urukiko’’. [15] Ikibazo cyo kongera kugabanyirizwa igihano iyo ari yo mpamvu y’ubujurire, cyatanzweho umurongo n’uru Rukiko mu rubanza Nº RPA 00060/2021/CA rwaciwe ku wa 04/04/2022 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Nsabimana Callixte alias Sankara na bagenzi be2, Urukiko rukaba rwarasobanuye ko iyo uregwa nta kindi anenga urubanza yajuririye uretse kuvuga gusa ko atagabanyirijwe bihagije, buri mucamanza ku rwego urwo arirwo rwose, yemerewe gutanga igihano mu bushishozi bwe kijyanye n’uburemere bw’icyaha n’ingaruka zacyo hakurikijwe ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 49 y’Itegeko nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange; ko ariko mu bujurire Umucamanza agomba kuzirikana ko yemerewe gusa guhindura igihano cyatanzwe n’Umucamanza wo mu Rukiko rubanza ari uko amaze kugaragaza ko urwo Rukiko rwaba rwarakoresheje nabi Itegeko cyangwa ubushishozi bwarwo mu gutanga igihano. [16] Uwo murongo kandi wakurikijwe mu zindi manza zirimo Urubanza nº RPAA 00071/2022/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 31/3/2023, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Ntihinyuka Jean Bosco3. [17] Ku birebana na Dufitumukiza Léonard, dosiye igaragaza ko kuva mu Bugenzacyaha kugera mu Rukiko, yemeye icyaha avuga ko yabanye na N.O kuko bari bamaze igihe bakundana, uko kwemera kwe hamwe no kuba atari agamije kugirira nabi uwo mukobwa, bimubera impamvu nyoroshyacyaha maze Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rusizi ruzishingiraho rumugabanyiriza igihano, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 20. [18] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga nubwo koko Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rusizi rwamugabanyirije igihano kikava ku gifungo cya burundu kikagera ku myaka 20, rutarahaye agaciro gakwiye impamvu nyoroshyacyaha rwagaragaje, kuko kuba yaremeye icyaha mu buryo budashidikanywaho kuva yafatwa kugera mu Rukiko, ndetse Urukiko rukabona ko atari agamije kugirira nabi N.O, n’uru Rukiko akaba ari ko rubibona kuko bakundanye hakazamo gusambana ndetse akamutera inda ariko ntiyamutererana amujyana iwe ndetse afatwa amuherekeje kwipimisha inda nk’uko abivuga, hakaba no kuba nta kindi cyaha yigeze akurikiranwaho n’inkiko mu buryo buzwi ndetse n’ikigero yari arimo (imyaka 23), bityo n’ubwo agomba 2 Reba igika cya 252-254 3 Reba Igika cya 11

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guhanwa kubera ko igikorwa yakoze kigize icyaha gihanwa n’Itegeko, ariko igihano yahanishijwe cyakongera kugabanywa kubera impamvu zimaze kugaragazwa. [19] Hashingiwe ku bimaze gusobanurwa hakanashingirwa ku buryo ibihano byatanzwe mu zindi manza zijya gusa n’urwa Dukuzumuremyi Léonard, harimo urubanza nº RPAA 00034/2022/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 24/03/2023 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Mbazimana Matata wari ku kigero kimwe n’icya Dukuzumuremyi kuko yari afite imyaka 22 icyaha gikorwa, akaba yararezwe icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana w’imyaka 16 bakanabana, yagabanyirijwe igihano cy’imyaka 20 yari yahanishijwe kigezwa ku myaka itanu (5) kubera impamvu nyoroshyacyaha; bityo kubera impamvu nyoroshyacyaha zagaragajwe mu gika kibanziriza iki, Dukuzumuremyi Léonard nawe yagabanyirizwa igihano agahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka itanu (5). [20] Hashingiwe ku byasobanuwe byose, Urukiko rurasanga ubujurire bwa Dukuzumuremyi Léonard bugamije kugabanyirizwa igihano bufite ishingiro, urubanza rwajuririwe rukaba ruhindutse ku birebana n’igihano yari yahanishijwe ku mpamvu zasobanuwe. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [21] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwatanzwe na Difitumukiza Léonard bugamije kugabanyiriza igihano bufite ishingiro ; [22] Rwemeje ko imikirize y’Urubanza RPA 00448/2019/HC/RSZ rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rusizi ku wa 20/10/2021, ihindutse ku birebana n’ibihano ; [23] Ruhanishije Dufitumukiza Léonard igifungo cy’imyaka itanu (5) ; [24] Rwemeje ko asonewe gutanga amagarama y’urubanza kuko aburana afunzwe.