DUSABIMANA v. MUNYAKAYANZA

DUSABIMANA v. MUNYAKAYANZA [Rwanda URUKIKO RUKURU RW’UBUCURUZI – RCOMA 00767/2024/HCC (Mukamurera, P.J.,) 10 Mutarama 2024] Cyamunara – Cyamunara ku mutungo uri mu bugwate ku bashyingiranywe ivangamutungo rusange – Abashyingiranywe ivangamutungo rusange bafite uburenganzira bungana bahabwa n’itegeko bwo kumenyeshwa amakuru yose ajyanye na cyamunara yakorewe umutungo bahuriyeho no guhuzwa na sisteme yayo igihe cyose babyifuje n’ubwo umutungo watejwe cyamunara wanditswe 100% kuri umwe. Cyamunara – Cyamunara ku mutungo wari mu bugwate ku bashyingiranywe ivangamutungo rusange – Urukiko ntirwashingira gusa ku bivugwa mu ngingo ya 18 y’Itegeko N° 27/2021 ryo ku wa 10/06/2021 rigenga ubutaka, mu gace kayo ka kabiri ivuga ko Icyemezo cy’iyandikishwa ry’ubutaka ni ikimenyetso ntashidikanywaho cy’uburenganzira ku butaka igihe cyose ubufite yabubonye mu buryo bukurikije amategeko mu gihe ibyayiteganijwemo byahawe umwihariko ku bashyingiranywe harebwe ingingo ya 155 y’itegeko rigenga abantu n’umuryango, ivuga ko “Umutungo wanditse kuri umwe mu bashyingiranywe ubarirwa mu mutungo wabo mu buryo bw’ivangamutungo rusange, ntushobora kugurishwa, gutangwa cyangwa kuwikuraho abashyingiranywe bombi batabyemeranyijweho. Incamake y’ikibazo: Dusabimana avuga ko we n’umugabo we Niragire bahawe inguzanyo yo kugura imodoka muri Banki ya Kigali (BK), maze batanga ingwate yiyo imodoka n’inzu babagamo, nawe aba umwishingizi w’iyo nguzanyo. Abahawe inguzanyo ntibabashije kwishyura neza nkuko bwumvikanywe mu masezerano, maze imitungo yatanzweho ingwate itezwa cyamunara, bituma Dusabimana arega Munyakayanza (Huissier) mu Rukiko rw’Ubucuruzi, avuga ko yanze kumuhuza na system ya cyamunara kugira ngo abashe gukurikirana uko igenda nka nyirumutungo, ku bw’ibyo yasabye ko iyo cyamunara iteshwa agaciro kuko yakozwe mu buryo butubahirije amategeko. Munyakayanza (huissier) yireguye avuga ko nta kosa yakoze kubirebana n’iyo cyamunara ryatuma iteshwa agaciro, avuga ko kuba atarahuje Dusabimana na system ya cyamunara ni uko yabonaga ntaho ahuriye n’umutungo ugurishwa kuko utari umwanditseho, ahubwo ukaba wari wanditswe 100% ku mugabo we. Niragire (umugabo wa Dusabimana), yireguye avuga ko nta kosa Munyakayanza (huissier) yakoze, kuko we nka nyirumutungo yamuhuje na system ya cyamunara kandi ko nta kibazo kinyuranye n’amategeko cyayibayemo, avuga kandi ko amakuru yose ya cyamunara nawe yayagezaga kumugore we Dusabimana basangiye umutungo. Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi rwemeje kandi ko kuba Dusabimana atarahujwe na system ya cyamunara, nta kosa Munyakayanza yakoze kuko umutungo wagurishwaga utari umwanditseho, kandi ko Umwanditsi Mukuru yari yamuhaye ububasha n’uburenganzira bwo kuwugurisha, bityo ko cyamunara yabaye igumana agaciro kayo.

Dusabimana avuga ko yajuririye mu Rukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi ku mpamvu yuko Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi rwanze gutesha agaciro cyamunara; ko hirengagijwe nkana amategeko n’amabwiriza agenga itangazwa n’imenyekanisha rya cyamunara kandi ko atahujwe na système ya cyamunara nubwo umutungo wagurishijwe wari wanditse 100% ku mugabowe gusa kandi basezeranye ivangamutungo rusange, avuga kandi ko kuba yarasinye ku masezerano y’inguzanyo, nta mpamvu yagombaga guhezwa mu gukurikirana uko cyamunara yari kugenda. Dusabimana akomeza avuga ko yavukijwe uburenganzira bwo kwishakira umuguzi mu gihe umutungo wari ugiye kugurishwa, avuga ko ibyo binyuranyije n’amategeko kuko abashakanye bafite uburenganzira bungana ku mutungo kuko mu gihe bashatse bombi gukurikirana imicungire y’umutungo, nta mpamvu yo guheza umwe. Munyakayanza yiregura avuga ko icyemezo cy’Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi cyemeza cyamunara gifite ishingiro kuko kuba Niragire (umugabo wa Dusabimana) yarahujwe na system ya cyamunara bivuze ko yarahagarariye inyungu z'umuryango, kandi ko kuba ubwo butaka bubaruye kuri we 100% ndetse ko na permit to sell yatanzwe n'umwanditsi Mukuru kugirango hatezwe cya munara, ntaho bagaragaza ko Dusabimana yagombaga kumenyeshwa imihango ya cyamunara, bityo nta kyerekanaga ko yarabifiteho inyungu. Munyakayanza (umuhesha w’inkiko) akomeza avuga ko kuba Dusabimana yerekanye ko yasezeranye na Niragire ivangamutungo rusange, ibyo ntibyemeza ko yagombaga guhuzwa na syteme ya cyamunara kandi atanditse ku cyangombwa cy’umutungo, avuga kandi ko kuba umugabo yaramenyeshejwe cyamunara ntacyo umugore yabaza, ahubwo ko yagombaga kubisabira uburenganzira no gusaba urwego rubishinzwe kumwandika ku cyangombwa. Munyakayanza (umuhesha w’inkiko) yasoje avuga ko ibyinshi mu byo Dusabimana yaburanishije mu bujurire ari ibirego bishya kandi bitemewe kuzana ibishya mu bujurire. Niragire nawe yiregura asaba ko cyamunara yagumana agaciro, ndetse ikirego cyatanzwe mu bujurire n’uwo bashakanye gisaba gutesha agaciro cyamunara kitahabwa agaciro kuko ibyo byatuma bakomeza gusesagura umutungo w’urugo bishyura abavoka. Incamake y’icyemezo: 1. Abashyingiranywe ivangamutungo rusange bafite uburenganzira bungana bahabwa n’itegeko bwo kumenyeshwa amakuru yose ajyanye na cyamunara yakorewe umutungo bahuriyeho no guhuzwa na sisteme yayo igihe cyose babyifuje n’ubwo umutungo watejwe cyamunara wanditswe 100% kuri umwe. 2.Urukiko ntirwashingira gusa ku bivugwa mu ngingo ya 18 y’Itegeko N° 27/2021 ryo ku wa 10/06/2021 rigenga ubutaka, mu gace kayo ka kabiri ivuga ko Icyemezo cy’iyandikishwa ry’ubutaka ni ikimenyetso ntashidikanywaho cy’uburenganzira ku butaka igihe cyose ubufite yabubonye mu buryo bukurikije amategeko mu gihe ibyayiteganijwemo byahawe umwihariko ku bashyingiranywe harebwe ingingo ya 155 y’itegeko rigenga abantu n’umuryango, ivuga ko “Umutungo wanditse kuri umwe mu bashyingiranywe ubarirwa mu mutungo wabo mu buryo bw’ivangamutungo rusange, ntushobora kugurishwa, gutangwa cyangwa kuwikuraho abashyingiranywe bombi batabyemeranyijweho.

3. Ingingo ya 85 igika cya 6 y’Itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, ivuga ko iyo umwe mubashakanye aburana umutungo w’umuryango, aba ahagarariye uwo muryango muri byose, keretse iyo mu bo baburana harimo abawuguze ntiyashingirwaho n’urukiko kuko ibi bitandukanye no kuburana uwo mutungo byavuzwe muri iyo ngingo, cyane cyane ko iyo icyabaye atari urubanza ku mutungo w’abashyingiranywe, ngo umwe muribo abe yaraje gutambamira urubanza nyuma, ahubwo icyabaye ni cyamunara kuri uwo mutungo wari mu bugwate yasabye guhuzwa na systeme ngo ayikurikirane ntiyabyemererwa. Ubujurire bufite ishingiro. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko N° 27/2021 ryo ku wa 10/06/2021 rigenga ubutaka, ingingo ya 5 niya 18; Itegeko Nº 71/2024 ryo ku wa 26/06/2024 rigenga abantu n’umuryango, ingingo ya 155. Nta manza zifashishijwe. Urubanza I.INCAMAKE Y’URUBANZA [1] Urubanza rwatangiriye mu Rukiko rw’Ubucuruzi, rufite numero RCOM 01777/2024/TC, Donatha Dusabimana niwe waregaga, asaba urukiko gutesha agaciro cyamunara yakorewe ku mutungo ubaruye kuri UPI:2/08/12/05/4145, haregwaga Munyakayanza Anastase (wari ushinzwe kugurisha ingwate, maze Niragire Emmanuel (umugabo wa Dusabimana Donatha) agoboka mu rubanza k’ubushake. [2] Icyo Dusabimana Donatha yashingiragaho asaba urukiko gutesha agaciro cyamunara, ni uko uwo mutungo wagurishijwe awuhuriyeho n’umugabo we Niragire Emmanuel, uyu mugabo we akaba yarasabye inguzanyo muri BK2 Plc mu mwaka wa 2022, ingana na 40 000 000 frw agamije kugura imodoka yo mu bwoko bwa JEEP Land Cruiser, Dusabimana Donatha amubera umwishingizi, ndetse batanga n’ingwate igizwe n’inzu yubatse mu kibanza kibaruye kuri UPI: 2/08/12/05/4145 giherereye mu Mudugudu wa Rugazi,Akagari ka Ruyenzi, Umurenge wa Runda, Akarere ka Kamonyi, mu Ntara y’Amajyepfo. [3] Avuga ko inguzanyo itishyuwe uko byari biteganijwe bituma habaho cyamunara ikomoka ku cyemezo cy’umwanditsi mukuru. Dusabimana Donatha avuga ariko ko mbere ya cyamunara yasabye BK ko yakwemera hakagurishwa imodoka yatumye habaho iyo nguzanyo ntiyabyemererwa. Ngo yasabye na Munyakayanza nk’uwari ushinzwe kugurisha ingwate kumuhuza na system ya cyamunara kugira ngo abashe gukurikirana uko cyamunara igenda kugirango abashe gukurikirana inyungu ze k’umutungo afiteho uruhare wari ugiye kugurishwa, ariko nawe ntiyabimwemerera, kugeza cyamunara ibaye. Ngo yasabye n’umwanditsi mukuru wa RDB kuyitesha agaciro ntibyagira icyo bitanga, maze aregera urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi.

[4] Munyakayanza yireguye avuga ko nta kosa yakoze kuri iyo cyamunara ryatuma iteshwa agaciro. Asobanura ko kuba atarahuje Dusabimana na system ya cyamunara ngo ni uko yabonaga ntaho ahuriye n’umutungo ugurishwa kuko utamwanditseho. [5] Niragire nawe yavuze ko asanga nta kosa Munyakayanza yakoze muri cyamunara, kuko we nka nyirumutungo yamuhuje na system ya cyamunara kandi ko nta kibazo kinyuranye n’amategeko cyayibayemo. Ikindi kandi, ngo amakuru yose ya cyamunara nawe yayagezaga kuri Dusabimana basangiye umutungo. [6] Urukiko rw’ubucuruzi rwarabisuzumye ku rwego rwa mbere, ruvuga ko kuba Banki ya Kigali yari ifite ingwate y’inzu n’iy’imodoka ku nguzanyo, nta kosa ryakozwe ryo guhera ku mutungo umwe ukaba ariwo ushakirwamo ubwishyu. Ikindi ngo nta kosa ushinzwe kugurisha ingwate yakoze ryo guteza cyamunara umutungo ubaruye kuri UPI: 2/08/12/05/4145 kuko ariwo yari yaherewe ububasha n’umwanditsi mukuru. [7] Urukiko rwavuze kandi ko kuba Dusabimana atarahujwe na system ya cyamunara, ngo nta kosa Munyakayanza yakoze kuko umutungo wagurishwaga utari umwanditseho. Rwana sobanuye ko ibivugwa na Dusabimana ko byari kumuhesha uburenganzira bwo kurengera inyungu ze harimo kwanga igiciro bibaye ngombwa, nabyo ngo nta shingiro bifite kuko atagaragaza niba umutungo waraguzwe ku giciro gito, uretse ko niyo yari kucyanga kuri cyamunara ya 1 n’iya 2, ngo ntibikuraho ko kuri cyamunara ya 3 umutungo wari kwegukanwa n’utanze igiciro kiruta icyabandi. Dusabimana yategetswe gutanga indishyi z’ibyo Munyakayanza yatakaje ku rubanza. [8] Dusabimana yarajuriye, avuga ko urukiko rw’ubucuruzi rwanze gutesha agaciro cyamunara kandi harirengagijwe nkana amategeko n’amabwiriza agenga itangazwa n’imenyekanisha rya cyamunara kuri we nka nyir’umutungo. [9] Munyakayanza yiregura avuga ko nta mategeko yishe kuko Dusabimana atariwe umutungo wari wanditsweho. Ikindi kandi ngo nta tegeko ryishwe kuko umugabo we yari ahujwe na system kandi amategeko ateganya ko umwe mu bashakanye aba ahagarariye inyungu z’umuryango iyo haburanwa umutungo w’umuryango. Yasabye indishyi. [10] Niragire nawe avuga ko nta mategeko yishwe, kuko umucamanza yasobanuye impamvu yashingiyeho afata icyemezo, kandi ko n’uwajuriye atigeze agaragaza icyo anenga izo mpamvu cyangwa ngo agaragaze mu myanzuro ye ayo mategeko avuga ko atitaweho. II.IBIBAZO BIGIYE GUSUZUMWA - Niba Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi rwarirengagije ko cyamunara itubahirije amategeko. - Niba amafranga y’ibyagiye ku rubanza yasabwe na Munyakayanza afite ishingiro.

1.Gusuzuma niba urukiko rw’ubucuruzi rwaragombaga gutesha agaciro cyamunara rushingiye ko itubahirije amategeko n’amabwiriza agenga itangazwa n’imenyekanisha rya cyamunara kuri nyir’umutungo. [11] Dusabimana avuga ko mu iburanisha ry’urubanza rujuririrwa, ngo Munyakayanza Anastase yemeye ko yanze kumuhuza na systeme ya cyamunara kugira ngo abashe kuyikurikirana, anemera ko yakiriye ibaruwa ya Dusabimana Donatha yamusabaga kumuhuza n’iyo systeme ndetse anemera ko yahawe ibyemezo bitandukanye byerekana inyungu Dusabimana yari afite yo kumenya iby’iyo cyamunara. [12] Akomeza avuga ko Urukiko mu isesengura rwakoze, ngo rwavuze ko kuba umutungo wagurishijwe wari wanditse 100% kuri Niragire Emmanuel byari bihagije ko ari we wenyine wagombaga guhuzwa na systeme ya cyamunara, ngo nyamara rukirengagiza ko umutungo wanditse kuri umwe mu bashakanye basezeranye ivangamutungo rusange, utamwanditsweho nawe aba awufiteho uburenganzira busesesuye. [13] Avuga kandi ko Urukiko rwari rwagaragarijwe ko Dusabimana Donatha yasinye ku masezerano y’inguzanyo ko nta mpamvu yagombaga guhezwa mu gukurikirana uko cyamunara yari kugenda. [14] Ikindi kandi ngo mu iburanisha, Niragire Emmanuel yavuze ko mu gihe yananirwaga kwishyura uwo mwenda yari afitanye amakimbirane akomeyena Dusabimana Donatha. Ibi ngo asanga byumvikanisha ko nta wakwemeza ko ibyo Niragire yamenyeshwaga wenyine, yabaga abimenyeshejwe ahagarariye Dusabimana Donatha. Ahubwo ngo Dusabimana Donatha nawe yagombaga guhuzwa na systeme nk’uko yari yabisabye. Bityo ngo akaba asanga ayo makosa Munyakayanza yakoze akanga kumuhuza na systeme agomba gutuma cyamuara iteshwa agaciro. [15] Dusabimana yabajijwe n’urukiko niba kutamuhuza na system ya cyamunara hari icyo byamuvukije, asubiza ko iyo ahuzwa byari kumufasha kumenya ingano y’umwenda umuryango we wishyuzwa, agaciro umutungo wagurishwaga wahawe kugirango abashe kugatambamira asanze ari gato, kumenya niba umutungo waragurishijwe wose cyane cyane ko igihe watanzweho ingwate wari urimo inzu imwe isanzwe yo guturamo ariko ngo nyuma yaho bari barubatsemo indi nzu ya etage, ngo yari kumenya kandi agaciro umutungo wagurishijweho, akagira uburenganzira bwo kutakemera iyo asanga ari gato, akamenya n’ingano y’amafranga yasagutse kuri cyamunara nyuma yo kwishyura umwenda kuko nawe ibyo byose yari abifitiye uburenganzira. [16] Umwe mu bamwunganira nawe yavuze ko Dusabimana yavukijwe n’uburenganzira bwo kwishakira umuguzi mu gihe umutungo wari ugiye kugurishwa. Icyo yamenyeshejwe ni permit to sale yonyine. Avuga kandi ko kutamuhuza na system ya cyamunara ari ukunyuranya n’amategeko, cyane cyane ingingo ya 155 y’itegeko rigenga umuryango, ingingo ya 5 y’itegeko rigenga ubutaka n’ingingo ya 34, 15 na 16 y’Itegeko Nshinga. Avuga kandi ko abashakanye bafite uburenganzira bungana k’umutungo, bityo ko mu gihe bashatse bombi gukurikirana imicungire y’umutungo, ngo nta mpamvu yo guheza umwe. [17] Munyakayanza avuga ko icyemezo cy’Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi gifite ishingiro kuko rwashingiye ku bimenyetso n'amategeko, rugaragaza ko Donatha Dusabimana na Niragire

Emmanuel ari umuryango kandi umugabo we akaba yarahujwe na system ya cyamunara bivuze ko yarahagarariye inyungu z'umuryango. [18] Avuga kandi ko kuba ubwo butaka bubaruye kuri Niragire 100% ndetse na permit to sell yatanzwe n'umwanditsi Mukuru kugirango hatezwe cya munara UPI: 2/08/12/05/4145, ngo ntaho bagaragaza ko Dusabimana Donatha amenyeshwa imihango ya cyamunara, bityo ngo nta cyari kwerekana ko abifiteho inyungu uretse kubivuga gusa. [19] Naho kwerekana ko yasezeranye na Niragire Emmanuel, ngo ntabwo byemeza ko yagombaga guhuzwa na syteme ya cyamunara kandi atanditse ku cyangombwa cy’umutungo, ahubwo ngo asanga Dusabimana mbere yo guhabwa ubwo burenganzira bwo guhuzwa, yaragombaga gusaba urwego rubishinzwe kumwandika ku cyangombwa, bitakorwa akabiregera mu rukiko akabona ubwo burenganzira bwe bukomoka ku iyandikishwa ry’ubutaka nk’uko biteganywa n’ingingo ya 18 y’Itegeko N° 27/2021 ryo ku wa 10/06/2021. Bityo, ngo we ntabwo yari gukora inshingano yahawe anyuranyije n'ibigaragazwa n’amasezerano y’ubukode burambye bw’ingwate yatanzwe hamwe n'icyemezo cyo kuyigurisha mu cyamunara cyatanzwe n'Umwanditsi Mukuru byerekana ko uwo mutungo ari uwa Niragire Emmanuel 100%. [20] Avuga kandi ko n’iyo umutungo uza kuba umwanditseho, ngo ntabwo yari kumuhuza kuko kuba umugabo we yari ahujwe n’iyo systeme, byumvikanisha ko inyungu z'umuryango zari zikurikiranwe muri icyo gikorwa nk'uko biteganywa n'ingingo ya 85 igika cya 6 y’Itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryavuzwe haruguru aho ivuga ko iyo umwe mu bashakanye aburana umutungo w’umuryango, aba ahagarariye uwo muryango muri byose. Bityo ngo kuba mu iburanisha urega avuga ko asangiye inyungu n’igihombo n’umugabo we Niragire Emmanuel, byumvikanisha ko kuba umugabo yari ahujwe na systeme ya cyamunara, inyungu z’umuryango yari azikurikiranye ku buryo bitari kuba ngombwa ko umugore we nawe ahuzwa n’iyo systeme byanze bikunze, bityo ngo ntabwo byaba inenge ituma cyamunara iteshwa agaciro. [21] Yabajijwe niba hari ingingo y’amategeko yamubuzaga guhuza umugabo n’umugore, asubiza ko iyo hatezwa umutungo w’umuryango bamenyeshwa nk’umuryango kandi uwo muryango waramenyeshejwe. Naho ibindi bibazo bafite hagati yabo ngo ntabwo yari abizi, ngo yabyumviye mu rukiko izi manza zitangiye, ngo nibwo bavuze ko bafitanye izindi manza z’ubutane. [22] Akomeza avuga ko kuba Dusabimana yaramwandikiye amusaba kumuhuza ntabikore, ngo nta kosa yakoze kuko yamuhaye icyemezo cy’uko bashyingiranwe cyamunara yararangiye. Uretse n’ibyo kandi, ngo niyo akimuha mbere ntacyo byari guhindura kuko kuba umugabo we yaramenyeshejwe, ntacyo umugore yagombye kubaza. Avuga kandi ko hari jurisprudence y’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga yasobanuye ko umwe mu bashakanye aba abahagarariye bose, cyane cyane ko kugeza ubu bataratandukana. [23] Yasoje avuga ko ibyinshi mu byo Dusabimana n’abamwunganira baburanishije mu bujurire ari bishya kandi ko bitemewe kuzana ibishya mu bujurire, bityo asaba urukiko kutabyitaho. Yabajijwe ibishya bashyizemo ibyaribyo, asubiza ko hari ingingo z’amategeko batanze zitari zavuzwe mu myanzuro no ku rwego rwa mbere.

[24] Niragire avuga ko nawe asanga iyi ngingo y’ubujurire itangwa na Dusabimana Donatha nta shingiro ifite kubera ko mubika bya 33-44 by’urubanza rujuririrwa byarasesenguwe binasobanurwa mu buryo butomoye impamvu ikirego cye kitahawe ishingiro, nyamara ngo mu bujurire ntabwo agaragaza icyo anenga ubusesenguzi bwakozwe n’umucamanza. Ngo akaba asanga umucamanza yarafashe icyemezo ashingiye ku mategeko, ku bimenyetso ndetse n’ibisobanuro byatanzwe n’impande zaburanaga, haba mu myanzuro ndetse no mugihe cy’iburanisha. [25] Akomeza avuga ko bitumvikana ukuntu uwajuriye avuga ko hirengagijwe nkana amategeko, ariko mubyo asaba urukiko rwajuririwe gusuzuma, ngo nta nahamwe agaragaza ko hari ingingo n’imwe y’amategeko yaba yarirengagijwe. [26] Avuga kandi ko Dusabimana Donatha we ubwe kuwa 26/09/2024 yasinye kuri permit to sale imumenyesha ko ingwate igiye gutezwa cyamunara abimenyeshejwe n’umugabo we Niragire Emmanuel watumye umuhesha w’inkiko, kugirango atazitwaza ko bafitanye amakimbirane bigatuma atamenyeshwa nkuko abivuga uyu munsi. Bityo ngo akaba nta rwitwazo akwiye kugira rw’uko atamenye ko hari cyamunara ku mutungo wagurishwaga. [27] Ikindi kandi ngo niba umutungo w’abashakanye batanzeho ingwate ugiye gutezwa cyamunara, ntabwo ari kamara ko bombi bahuzwa na systeme ya cyamunara mu gihe umwe mubashakanye ahujwe, cyane cyane ko nk’uko uwari washinzwe guteza umutungo cyamunara yabisobanuye, ingwate yatanzwe icyangombwa cy’ubutaka cyari cyanditse kuri Niragire Emmanuel 100%. [28] Ikindi kandi ngo Niragire Emmanuel kuba yari ahujwe na systeme ya cyamunara, byari bihagije kuko yari ahagarariye inyungu z’umuryango, kandi ngo ntabwo ariwe wari wishimiye ko ibyo yaruhiye igihe cye cyose bitezwa muri cyamunara, akaba agiye kuzongera gutangirira kuri zeru. [29] Bityo ngo akaba asaba ko ikirego cyatanzwe mu bujurire n’uwo bashakanye, kitahabwa agaciro kuko byahagarika imanza, ntakomeze gusesagura umutungo w’urugo yishyura abavoka, na cyane ko anakomeza gucibwa indishyi zo gushora abo arega mu manza. avuga kandi ko hashingiwe kubiteganywa mu ingingo ya 260 ya procedure civile ku mpamvu zatuma cyamunara iteshwa agaciro, ngo nta mpamvu n’imwe urega yagaragaje iteganywa muri iyi ngingo. [30] Yasoje avuga ko ariwe wamenyesheje Donatha ibya cyamunara abinyujije kuri huissier ngo atazitwaza ko atamenye cyamunara. Naho kubijyanye n’uko batanze ingwate harimo inzu imwe isanzwe, ubu bakaba barashyizemo na etage bubatse nyuma, yavuze ko icyo batanzeho ingwate ari UPI ngo ntabwo ari inzu, niyo mpamvu no kugurisha hagombaga kugurishwa ibiyiriho byose. [31] Nawe yasoje avuga ko nkuko ingingo ya 54 ya CPCCSA ibivuga, ngo nta gishya kigomba kongirwa mu bujurire, ariko nawe abajijwe igishya cyongewemo, avuga ko ari amategeko mashya yakoreshejwe. [32] Yasabye ko imanza zarangira, banki ikiyishyura kugirango amafranga yasigaye ayatungishe umuryango.

UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [33] Urukiko rusanga iyi ngingo y’ubujurire ishingiye k’uburenganzira Dusabimana avuga ko yavukijwe bwo guhuzwa no kumenyeshwa amakuru yose ya cyamunara k’umutungo afiteho uruhare, kandi ngo ubwo burenganzira abuhabwa n’amategeko. [34] Urukiko rusanga mu bigaragara muri dossier y’uru rubanza, Dusabimana na Munyakayanza baragiranye ibiganiro, bigizwe n’utumwa kuri telephone (whatsapp) n’inyandiko zisanzwe, aho Dusabimana yasabaga guhuzwa na system ya cyamunara nk’umugore wa Niragire hashingiwe ko afite uruhare k’umutungo ugurishwa, ariko ntibyakorwa. [35] Urukiko rusanga impamvu Munyakayanza atanga ngo yatumye atemera kumuhuza, ngo ni uko kuba umugabo we Niragire yari yahujwe, ngo byari bihagije kuko amategeko ateganya ko umwe muri bo aba ahagararie inyungu z’umuryango. Ikindi kandi ngo umutungo wagurishwaga wari wanditse kuri Niragire gusa 100%. [36] Urukiko rusanga Dusabimana na Niragire bemera ko basezeranye ivangamutungo rusange, kandi n’icyangombwa kiri muri dossier nibyo kigaragaza. [37] Ingingo ya 5 y’itegeko N° 27/2021 ryo ku wa 10/06/2021 rigenga ubutaka, mu gace kayo ka kabiri, igira iti “Uburenganzira ku butaka bw’abashyingiranywe buterwa n’uburyo bw’imicungire y’umutungo bahisemo.” [38] Ingingo ya 155 y’itegeko Nº 71/2024 ryo ku wa 26/06/2024 rigenga abantu n’umuryango, igira iti: “(1) Ivangamutungo rusange ni uburyo abashyingiranywe bumvikana bwo gushyira hamwe umutungo wabo wose. (2) Gucunga umutungo bijyana n’ububasha bwo kuwucunga, kuwikenuza no kuwikuraho. (3) Abashyingiranywe bahisemo ivangamutungo rusange bacungira hamwe umutungo wabo kandi bakagira ububasha bungana bwo kuwukurikirana no kuwuhagararira. (4) Umutungo wanditse kuri umwe mu bashyingiranywe ubarirwa mu mutungo wabo mu buryo bw’ivangamutungo rusange. Umutungo ntushobora kugurishwa, gutangwa cyangwa kuwikuraho abashyingiranywe bombi batabyemeranyijweho. (5) Abashyingiranywe bafatanya kwishyura imyenda yafashwe mbere yo gushyingirwa n’iyo bemeranyije gufata nyuma yo gushyingirwa. Bafatanya kandi kubahiriza inshingano umwe yafashe mbere y’ishyingirwa.” [39] Urukiko rusanga kuba Dusabimana na Niragire barasezeranye ivangamutungo rusange, byarabahaye uburenganzira bungana ku mutungo wabo wose harimo n’uw’ubutaka watejwe cyamunara. [40] Ababuranyi bose bemeranwa ko nyir’umutungo (ingwate) utezwa cyamunara, agomba kuyimenyeshwa kandi agahuzwa na system ya cyamunara kugirango ayikurikirane binyuze ku kumenya amakuru yose ajyanye nayo. [41] Urukiko rusanga mu gukurikirana iyo cyamunara, nyirumutungo nawe ari mu bafite uburenganzira bwo kwishakira abaguzi nkuko biteganywa mu ngingo ya 2 y’amabwiriza y’umwanditsi mukuru No 02/2021/0RG agenga ibyerekeye gucunga, gukodesha, kugurisha mu cyamunara, no kwegukana ingwate. Ubwo burenganzira ntabwo Dusabimana yahawe, mu gihe atigeze ahuzwa na system ya cyamunara ngo abashe kuyikurikirana kandi yabisabye. Ibyo kandi

n’ibyo Dusabimana n’abamwunganira bagarukaho, aho bagaragaza ko umutungo igihe watanzweho ingwate wari urimo inzu imwe, baza kubakamo indi nzu ya etage. Akaba yibaza niba izo nzu zaraje kugurishwa zombi, mu gihe yashoboraga kugira uburenganzira bwo gushaka umuguzi wagura imwe muri izo nzu umwenda ukishyurwa aho kuzigurisha zose kandi ntamenye agaciro zahawe n’ingano y’amafranga umutungo wose wagurishijweho. [42] Afite kandi uburenganzira bwo kwanga igiciro cyatanzwe ku nshuro ya mbere n’iya kabiri, nkuko biteganijwe mu ngingo ya 5 y’ayo mabwiriza. Afite kandi uburenganzira bwo guhabwa raporo ya cyamunara kugirango amenye ibyayikozwemo byose kuva itangiye kugera ku musozo nkuko biteganywa mu ngingo ya 9 y’amabwiriza yavuzwe haruguru. Urukiko rukaba rusanga Dusabimana atarahawe uburenganzira bumaze kuvugwa kandi ari umwe mubasangiye umutungo wagurishwaga ku kigero cya 50%. [43] Agace ka 3 k’ingingo ya 155 yavuzwe haruguru, gateganya ko Abashyingiranywe bahisemo ivangamutungo rusange bacungira hamwe umutungo wabo kandi bakagira ububasha bungana bwo kuwukurikirana no kuwuhagararira. Ibi bisobanura ko Dusabimana na Niragire bari bafite uburenganzira bungana bwo kuwukurikirana. Niyo mpamvu mu gihe watezwaga cyamunara, Dusabimana nawe yari afite uburenganzira bwo guhuzwa na system cyane cyane mu gihe yabisabye. [44] Urukiko rusanga ibivugwa na Kanyandekwe ko atari kumuhuza kuko umutungo utari umwanditseho, akabishingira no ku ngingo ya 18 y’itegeko N° 27/2021 ryo ku wa 10/06/2021 rigenga ubutaka, mu gace kayo ka kabiri igira iti “Icyemezo cy’iyandikishwa ry’ubutaka ni ikimenyetso ntashidikanywaho cy’uburenganzira ku butaka igihe cyose ubufite yabubonye mu buryo bukurikije amategeko”, ibyo urukiko rusanga bitahabwa ishingiro, kuko iryo ni ihame ko icyemezo cy’iyandikishwa ry’ubutaka kigaragaza nyirabwo, ariko iryo hame ntirikuraho ko mu kumenya nyir’ubutaka, hanasuzumwa niba ufite ubutaka yarabubonye mu buryo bukurikije amategeko nk’uko bivugwa nubundi muri iyo ngingo. Bikongera kandi bikaba umwihariko ku bashyingiranywe, kuko nk’uko byateganijwe n’itegeko cyane cyane mu ngingo ya 155 yavuzwe haruguru, agace kayo ka 4 kagira kati “Umutungo wanditse kuri umwe mu bashyingiranywe ubarirwa mu mutungo wabo mu buryo bw’ivangamutungo rusange. Umutungo ntushobora kugurishwa, gutangwa cyangwa kuwikuraho abashyingiranywe bombi batabyemeranyijweho.” [45] Bityo n’urukiko rwaciye urubanza ku rwego rwa mbere, ntabwo rwari gushingira gusa ku ngingo ya 18 yavuzwe haruguru, mu gihe ibyayiteganijwemo, byahawe umwihariko ku bashyingiranwe, biranasobanurwa neza ko nubwo umutungo waba wanditse kuri umwe muribo, bidakuraho ko bawusangiye. [46] Naho ibindi bisobanuro byatanzwe n’urukiko ku rwego rwa mbere, ko Dusabimana yagombaga kubanza gusaba urwego rubishinzwe kumwandika ku cyangombwa cy’ubutaka, bitakorwa akabiregera, yamara kubwandikwaho akabona gusaba guhuzwa na system ya cyamunara, ibyo biragaragara ko ari inzira yo kunyuramo kugirango ubifitiye uburenganzira yandikwe ku cyangambwa cy’ubutaka afiteho uruhare, ariko birasobanutse ko urwo ruhare aba arusanganywe na mbere y’uko yandikwa ku cyangombwa cy’ubutaka iyo yasezeranye ivangamutungo nk’uko byasobanuwe haruguru. Niyo mpamvu kuba atarabwandikwaho, bitakamubereye inzitizi yo kubukurikirana.

[47] Urukiko rusanga kandi mu gihe hari havutse ikibazo cyihutirwa cya cyamunara ku mutungo, iyo nzira yose ntabwo Dusabimana yari kubanza kuyinyuramo ngo abone kwemerwa nka nyirumutungo, kuko yari kuyirangiza ntacyo akiramiye kuko umutungo wari kuba waramaze kugurishwa. Ni nayo mpamvu, hagombaga kwitabwa ku biteganywa n’ingingo ya 155 yavuzwe haruguru, kuko igaragaza ko uburenganzira abufite n’ubwo umutungo utamwanditseho. Ibyo kandi byakumira akarengane ka hato na hato mu gihe hari umwe mubashakanye ushatse kugira ibyo akoresha umutungo atabyumvikanyeho na mugenzi we, yitwaje ko ukimwanditseho wenyine. [48] Bityo na Munyakayanza ntiyari kugendera gusa ko umutungo wari wanditse kuri Niragire 100%, ngo yibagirwe ko bidasobanuye ko atari uwe wose mu gihe afite umugore basezeranye ivangamutungo rusange kandi nawe ubwe atarigeze abihakana. [49] Urukiko rusanga ibindi bivugwa na Munyakayanza ndetse na Niragire, kandi n’urukiko rukaba rwarabishingiyeho ku rwego rwa mbere, ni ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 85 igika cya 6 y’Itegeko N 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, ikaba igira iti “Iyo umwe mubashakanye aburana umutungo w’umuryango, aba ahagarariye uwo muryango muri byose, keretse iyo mu bo baburana harimo abawuguze”. [50] Urukiko rusanga ibyabaye hano bitandukanye n’ibivugwa muri iyi ngingo, kuko uburenganzira bwo gucunga umutungo, kuwukurikirana no kuwutangaho uburenganzira, abashyingiranywe babihaweho uburenganzira n’amategeko ku buryo bungana. Ibyo rero bitandukanye no kuburana uwo mutungo byavuzwe muri iyo ngingo, cyane cyane ko icyabaye hano ntabwo ari urubanza ku mutungo w’abashyingiranywe, ngo Dusabimana abe yaraje gutambamira urubanza nyuma. Ahubwo icyabaye ni cyamunara kuri uwo mutungo wari mu bugwate, asabye guhuzwa ngo ayikurikirane ntiyabyemererwa. [51] Urukiko rusanga nubwo gusaba gukurikirana imigendekere ya cyamunara bitandukanye no gutambamira urubanza rwabaye haburanwa umutungo w’umuryango nk’uko bimaze gusobanurwa, nta nubwo Dusabimana yategeje ko cyamunara irangira, ahubwo yasabye guhabwa uburenganzira bwe igitangira ariko ntiyabuhabwa. [52] Uretse n’ibyo kandi, ingwate ntabwo yemerwa mu gihe abasangiye umutungo batayishyizeho umukono bombi. Bityo, ntabwo byaba ari ubutabera kuba umwe muribo yasaba gukurikirana ibiri kuba ku mutungo agahezwa kandi harimo kugurishwa wa mutungo watanzweho ingwate, mu gihe nta cyahindutse ku micungire y’umutungo. [53] Urukiko rusanga kandi ku bijyanye n’urubanza RS/INCONST/CIV 0001/13/CS rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga Munyakayanza ashingiraho, ibyashimangiwe muri urwo rubanza, ni uko itegeko riteganya ko umwe mu bashyingiranywe cyangwa abana babo batemerewe gutambamira urubanza mu gihe ikiburanwa ari umutungo w’umuryango. Ibyo ariko nk’uko byasobanuwe haruguru, ntabwo aribyo byabaye muri iki kibazo, kuko nta rubanza Dusabimana atambamira rwaburanwe n’umugabo we. [54] Urukiko rusanga ibyavuzwe muri urwo rubanza rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga, byari bigambiriye gukumira urugerekerane rw’imanza zishobora gushozwa n’abahuriye k’umutungo w’umuryango kandi umwe muri bo yarawuburanye bose babizi. Ikindi kandi, muri iyo ngingo

ntabwo hakuweho burundu gutambamira urubanza ku bashakanye, kuko biremewe ko urwo rubanza rushobora gutambamirwa, igihe umwe muribo agaragaje ko yahishwe urubanza hagamijwe uburiganya. [55] Ikindi kandi, ntabwo itegeko ryabujije umwe mu bashakanye kugoboka mu rubanza ruburanzwa na mugenzi we, mu gihe haburanwa umutungo bahuriyeho, kuko ashobora kurugabokamo agamije kugaragaza ko inyungu ze zibangamiwe mu buryo bumwe cyangwa ubundi, nk’uko Niragire yagobotse k’ubushake muri uru rubanza umugore we Dusabimana aburana kuri cyamunara yakozwe k’umutungo w’umuryango, akaba yaremerewe kugoboka, mu gihe ibyatumye agoboka bihabanye n’ibyo umugore we yasabaga mu rubanza. Ibyo bisobanuye ko nubwo bafatanije umutungo, bashobora kuwugiraho inyungu zitandukanye, bityo buri wese akaba afite uburenganzira bwo kubigaragaza. Ikitemewe ni ukubyitwaza bikaba byakurura imanza z’urudaca batambamira ibyaburanweho babizi kandi bakaba batarigeze bagoboka mu rubanza ngo bisuzumirwe hamwe. [56] Urukiko rusanga ibivugwa na Munyakayanza ko mu mikorere ya buri munsi atigera ahuza na system umugabo n’umugore k’umutungo ugurishwa kandi ko nta kibazo byigeze bitera, nyamara ibyo ntibivuze ko mu gihe bombibabyifuje yakwanga kubahuza, kuko nta n’ingingo yagaragaje ivuga ko batabyemerewe. [57] Ntabwo ahakana kandi ko nyirumutungo ugurishwa agomba guhuzwa, nyamara na Dusabimana yari nyirumutungo ariko yasabye guhuzwa ntiyabyemererwa. Urukiko rukaba rusanga nubwo guhuza umwe mubashyingiranwe na system ya cyamunara byemewe mu gihe bombi nta kibazo babifiteho, ntibibujije ko igihe hari ubyifuza nawe ari uburenganzira bwe guhuzwa nka nyir’umutungo nubwo mugenzi we yaba yarahujwe. [58] Kuvuga kandi ko atari kumenya ko Dusabimana afitanye ibibazo n’umugabo kuko n’imanza z’ubutane bafitanye yabyumviye mu rukiko, ibyo nta shingiro bifite, kuko n’iyo bataba bari muri divorce, ariko bagasaba guhuzwa, nta mpamvu n’imwe yatuma atabahuza bombi kuko bafite uburenganzira bungana k’umutungo. Kuba akenshi hahuzwa umwe gusa ntibitere ikibazo, ntabwo byari kuba impamvu yo kubyangira n’uwabisabye. II.Gusuzuma niba amafaranga y’ibyagiye k’urubanza yasabwe na Munyakayanza afite ishingiro. [59] Munyakayanza yasabye Urukiko gutegeka Dusabimana Donatha kumuha indishyi zingana n’amafaranga y’u Rwanda ibihumbi magana atanu (500.000 Frw) y’igihembo cy’Avoka n’ibihumbi ijana (300.000 Frw) y’ikurikiranarubanza. [60] Niragire avuga ko asaba urukiko kwemeza ko nta ndishyi zikwiye gutangwa mu uru rubanza kuko uregwa mu bujurire imirimo yakoreye banki yarayihembewe kandi kuba hatangwa indishyi ni ibihombo bikomeza kugerekwa kuri Niragire Emmanuel w'inzira karengane udahakana ko ibyakozwe mu guteza cya munara bikurikije amategeko, ariko kandi ngo ubwishyu bw’izo ndishyi bwazava mu mutungo wa Niragire Emmanuel akaba asaba urukiko ko zitatangwa.

UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [61] Urukiko rusanga indishyi zisabwa na Munyakayanza atazihabwa kuko urubanza azishingiraho ararutsindwa. III.ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [62] Rwemeje kwakira ubujurire bwa Dusabimana Donatha kandi ko bufite ishingiro. [63] Rwemeje ko icyemezo cyafashwe mu rubanza rwajuririwe gihindutse. [64] Rwemeje ko nta ndishyi zitanzwe muri uru rubanza, kandi ko n’izatanzwe ku rwego rwa mbere zikuweho. [65] Rutegetse ko cyamunara yakorewe ku mutungo ubaruye kuri UPI:2/08/12/05/4145 wa Niragire Emmanuel na Dusabimana Donatha iteshejwe agaciro. [66] Rutegetse ko ibintu bisubira uko byari bimeze mbere ya cyamunara, byaba ngombwa, ubifitemo inyungu akongera gutangiza imihango yo kuyisubiramo. [67] Rutegetse ko amafranga y’igarama yatanzwe aguma mu isanduku ya Leta.