Dushimimana Alexandre

# Dushimimana Alexandre

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2023-09-28 - Case/document no.: RPAA 00042/2022/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

## Text

## Page 1

UBUSHINJACYAHA v. DUSHIMIMANA [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RPAA 00042/2022/CA (Mukandamage, P.J.) 28 Nzeli 2023] Amategeko agenga imanza nshinjabyaha – Igihano – Buri mucamanza ku rwego urwo arirwo rwose, yemerewe gutanga igihano mu bushishozi bwe kijyanye n’uburemere bw’icyaha ndetse n’ingaruka zacyo, ariko mu bujurire, Umucamanza agomba kuzirikana ko yemerewe gusa guhindura igihano cyatanzwe n’Umucamanza wo mu Rukiko rubanza, ari uko amaze kugaragaza ko Urukiko rubanza rwaba rwarakoresheje nabi itegeko cyangwa ubushishozi bwarwo mu gutanga icyo gihano. Amategeko agenga imanza nshinjabyaha – Impamvu nyoroshyacyaha – Ku cyaha cyo gusambanya umwana, kuba uregwa n’uwo yarezwe gusambanya bari mu kigero kimwe cy’imyaka byabera uregwa impamvu nyoroshyacyaha. Incamake y’ikibazo: Uru rubanza rwatangiriye mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Muhanga, Ubushinjacyaha bukurikiranye uregwa ku cyaha cyo gusambanya umwana w’umukobwa witwa U. M. w’imyaka cumi n’irindwi (17) y’amavuko amutera inda, nyuma baza kubana nk’umugabo n’umugore. Uregwa yaburanye yemera icyaha aregwa yemera ko yakoze ikosa ryo kutabanza kumenya imyaka ye, asaba kugabanyirizwa igihano. Urwo Rukiko rwaciye urubanza rumuhamya icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri (20), rumugabanyirije igihano. Uregwa yajuririye Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza, asaba ko yagabanyirizwa igihano yahawe kuko icyo yahawe kiremereye. Urwo Rukiko narwo rwaciye urubanza ku bujurire bwe, rwemeza ko urubanza yajuririye rugumyeho. Uregwa yarongeye ajurira mu Rukiko Rw’Ubujurire avuga ko Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza rwamuhanishije igihano kiremereye kandi yaraburanye yemera icyaha, asaba Urukiko ko mu kumugabanyiriza igihano hashingirwa ku ngingo ya 59, agace ka 4, y’Itegeko nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ko kandi hakwitabwa ku murongo watanzwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga mu rubanza n° RS/INCONST/SPEC 00003/2019/SC. Ubushinjacyaha bwo bwaburanye buvuga ko uregwa atakongera kugabanyirizwa igihano kuko yagabanyirijwe ku buryo buhagije, aho yahanishijwe igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri (20) kandi yarashoboraga guhanishwa igifungo cya burundu, ibyo akabishingira ku murongo watanzwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga mu rubanza n° RPA 0249/13/SC rwaciwe ku wa 25/11/2016, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Nteziryayo Emmanuel, uvuga ko iyo Urukiko rusanze uregwa yaragabanyirijwe igihano mu nkiko zabanje rutongera kukigabanya, keretse rusanze bitarakozwe mu buryo buhagije. Incamake y’icyemezo: 1. Buri mucamanza ku rwego urwo arirwo rwose, yemerewe gutanga igihano mu bushishozi bwe kijyanye n’uburemere bw’icyaha ndetse n’ingaruka zacyo, ariko mu bujurire, Umucamanza agomba kuzirikana ko yemerewe gusa guhindura igihano cyatanzwe n’Umucamanza wo mu Rukiko rubanza, ari uko amaze kugaragaza ko Urukiko rubanza rwaba rwarakoresheje nabi itegeko cyangwa ubushishozi bwarwo mu gutanga icyo gihano.

## Page 2

2. Ku cyaha cyo gusambanya umwana, kuba uregwa n’uwo yarezwe gusambanya bari mu kigero kimwe cy’imyaka byabera uregwa impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, bityo kuba uregwa yarakoze icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana w’imyaka cumi n’irindwi (17) y’amavuko, mu gihe nawe yari muto afite imyaka cumi n’icyenda (19) y’amavuko, bikaba bigaragara ko bombi bari mu kigero kimwe, bikaba byamubera impamvu nyoroshyacyaha zatuma igihano yahawe cyongera kugabanywa. Urubanza rwajuririwe ruhindutse ku bijyanye n’igihano. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ingingo ya 49. Imanza zifashishijwe: RPA 00060/2021/CA, Ubushinjacyaha vs. Nsabimana alias Sankara Et.al rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 04/04/2022. RPAA 00738/2021/CA, Ubushinjacyaha vs. Uzabakiriho Papias rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 26/05/2023. RPAA 00032/2019/CA, Ubushinjacyaha vs. Nzafashwanimana rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 28/02/2020. RPAA 00141/2022/CA, Ubushinjacyaha vs. Ntegamaherezo Ryamukuru rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 31/05/2023 haburana. RPAA 00373/2021/CA, Ubushinjacyaha vs. Kagina Emmanuel, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 27/04/2023. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Dushimimana Alexandre yasambanyije umwana w’umukobwa witwa U. M. w’imyaka cumi n’irindwi (17) y’amavuko amutera inda, maze ku wa 19/10/2019 batangira kubana nk’umugabo n’umugore, nyuma y’icyumweru ababyeyi b’umwana babimenye bamukurayo, hanyuma Dushimirimana Alexandre ashyikirizwa Ubugenzacyaha atangira gukurikiranwa. [2] Iperereza rirangiye, Ubushinjacyaha bwatanze ikirego mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Muhanga burega Dushimimana Alexandre icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana, busaba ko ahamwa n’icyo cyaha, agahanishwa igifungo cya burundu, giteganywa n’ingingo ya 133 y’Itegeko n° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange.

## Page 3

[3] Dushimimana Alexandre yaburanye yemera aregwa cyo gusambanya umwana, yemera ko yakoze ikosa ryo kutabanza kumenya imyaka ye, asaba kugabanyirizwa igihano. [4] Mu rubanza n° RP 00847/2019/TGI/MHG rwaciwe ku wa 19/11/2019, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Muhanga rwasanze hari ibimenyetso bigaragaza ko Dushimimana Alexandre yakoze icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana birimo imvugo ze aho yemera icyaha, imvugo z’umwana wahohotewe, ubuhamya bwa Mihigo Philippe, ubwa Mujawurugo Epiphanie, ubwa Sindayigaye Modeste n’ikarita ndangamuntu y’umwana igaragaza ko yavutse 02/01/2002, maze rumuhamya icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri (20), rumugabanyirije kubera ko, kuva agitangira gukurikiranwa, yemeye icyaha mu buryo budashidikanywaho. [5] Dushimimana Alexandre yajuririye Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza avuga yaburanye yemera icyaha, asaba ko yagabanyirizwa igihano yahawe kuko kiremereye. Ubushinjacyaha bwavuze ko impamvu nyoroshyacyaha yo kuba DUSHIMIMANA Alexandre yaremeye icyaha mu buryo budashidikanywaho yitaweho mu rukiko rwabanje, kandi ko igihano yahawe aricyo gito giteganywa n’itegeko ku cyaha yakoze, bikaba bitashoboka ko cyongera kugabanywa. [6] Mu rubanza n° RPA 01151/2019/HC/NYZ rwaciwe ku wa 26/11/2021, Urukiko Rukuru, urugereko rwa Nyanza rwasanze Dushimimana Alexandre atagabanyirizwa igihano, kuko impamvu nyoroshyacyaha yatanze yitaweho ku rwego rwa mbere, ndetse ahanishwa igihano gito giteganywa n’itegeko ku cyaha yakoze, maze rwemeza ko imikirize y’urubanza n° RP 00847/2019/TGI/MHG rwaciwe ku wa 19/11/2019 n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Muhanga igumyeho. [7] Dushimimana Alexandre yajuririye Urukiko rw’Ubujurire, urubanza ruhabwa nº RPAA 00042/2022/CA, ruburanishwa mu ruhame ku wa 06/09/2023, Dushimimana Alexandre yunganiwe na Me Muhire Jean Marie Eugène, Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na Ndagijimana Charles, Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’Igihugu. [8] Mu myanzuro y’ubujurire no mu miburanire, Dushimimana Alexandre avuga ko Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza rutamugabanyirije igihano ku buryo buhagije kandi yaremeye icyaha akanagisabira imbabazi, asaba ko cyakongera kugabanywa hashingiwe no ku zindi mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha agaragaza ndetse kikanasubikwa. Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko Dushimimana Alexandre yagabanyirizwa igihano mu gihe byaba bigaragaye ko kitagabanyijwe mu buryo buhagije, ariko ko kitasubikwa kuko igihano yahanishijwe kitemererwa gusubikwa. [9] Ikibazo kigomba gusuzumwa muri uru rubanza ni ukumenya niba Dushimimana Alexandre yakongera kugabanyirizwa igihano yahawe, niba kandi cyasubikwa. II. ISESENGURA RY’IKIBAZO KIGIZE URUBANZA: Kumenya niba Dushimimana Alexandre yakongera kugabanyirizwa igihano, niba kandi cyasubikwa.

## Page 4

[10] Dushimimana Alexandre n’umwunganira bavuga ko Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza rwamuhanishije igihano kiremereye kandi yaraburanye yemera icyaha akanasaba imbabazi, basaba ko hashingiwe kuri uko kwemera kwe, kuba yari asanzwe yitwara neza kuko nta kindi cyaha yigeze akurikiranwaho no kuba yarakoze icyaha akiri mu myaka y’ubuto, byamubera impamvu nyoroshyacyaha zatuma agabanyirizwa igihano yahawe kugeza ku myaka itatu (3) y’igifungo, icyo gihano kandi kikaba cyasubikwa kugirango abashe kujya kwita ku mubyeyi n’umwana we. [11] Dushimimana Alexandre n’umwunganira bavuga kandi ko mu kumugabanyiriza igihano hashingirwa ku ngingo ya 59, agace ka 4, y’Itegeko nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, iteganya ko umucamanza ashobora kugabanya igihano mu gihe icyaha nta ngaruka zikomeye cyateje, kandi ko hakwitabwa ku murongo watanzwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga mu rubanza n° RS/INCONST/SPEC 00003/2019/SC rwaciwe ku wa 04/12/2019, haburana Kabasinga Florida na Leta y’u Rwanda, uvuga ko mu gutanga igihano hagombye gushingirwa ku kamaro kacyo n’icyo kigamije, ko umucamanza akwiye guhabwa ubwisanzure bwo gutanga igihano gihwanye n’uburemere bw’icyaha. [12] Dushimimana Alexandre n’umwunganira bakomeza bavuga ko uwo murongo w’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga wakoreshejwe mu manza zaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire aho igihano cyagiye kigabanywa kugeza munsi y’igiteganywa n’itegeko, harimo urubanza n° RPAA 00032/2019/CA rwaciwe ku wa 28/02/2020 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Nzafashwanimana Jean de Dieu, urubanza n° RPAA 00406/2020/CA rwaciwe ku wa 22/10/2021 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Nahayo Ignace n’urubanza n° RPAA 00466/2021/CA rwaciwe ku wa 27/10/2023, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Nsengiyaremye Elie, aho rwasobanuye ko mu mitangire y’ibihano, umuntu ukiva mu bwana akwiye guhanwa ku buryo butandukanye n’umuntu mukuru, kandi ko hakwiye kugaragara umwihariko kuri buri muntu ukurikiranweho icyaha ugiye guhanwa. [13] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko Dushimimana Alexandre atakongera kugabanyirizwa igihano kuko yagabanyirijwe ku buryo buhagije, aho yahanishijwe igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri (20) kandi yarashoboraga guhanishwa igifungo cyaburundu, ibyo akabishingira ku murongo watanzwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga mu rubanza n° RPA 0249/13/SC rwaciwe ku wa 25/11/2016, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Nteziryayo Emmanuel, uvuga ko iyo Urukiko rusanze uregwa yaragabanyirijwe igihano mu nkiko zabanje rutongera kukigabanya, keretse rusanze bitarakozwe mu buryo buhagije. [14] Naho ku manza zagaragajwe n’uwunganira Dushimimana Alexandre, Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko zashingirwaho mu gihe Urukiko rwaba rusanze igihano cyagabanywa kugeza munsi y’igihano gito giteganywa n’itegeko. Yongeraho ko igihano Dushimimana Alexandre yahawe kitasubikwa, kuko kiri mu bidashobora gusubikwa. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [15] Impaka muri uru rubanza zishingiye ku kumenya niba igihano Dushimimana Alexandre yahawe gishobora kongera kugabanywa kugeza munsi y’igihano gito giteganywa n’itegeko ku cyaha yakoze cyo gusambanya umwana w’imyaka cumi n’irindwi (17) y’amavuko, kandi kikaba cyasubikwa.

## Page 5

[16] Ikibazo cyo kongera kugabanyirizwa igihano mu gihe ariyo mpamvu y’ubujurire yonyine, cyatanzweho umurongo mu rubanza n° RPA 00060/2021/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 04/04/2022 haburana Ubushinjacyaha, Nsabimana Callixte alias Sankara na bagenzi be. Muri urwo rubanza Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwasobanuye ko mu rwego rw’ibirego nshinjabyaha iyo abaregwa nta kindi banenga urubanza rwajuririwe, uretse kuvuga gusa ko batagabanyirijwe bihagije, buri mucamanza ku rwego urwo arirwo rwose, yemerewe gutanga igihano mu bushishozi bwe kijyanye n’uburemere bw’icyaha ndetse n’ingaruka zacyo hakurikijwe ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 49 y’Itegeko n° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ariko ko mu bujurire, Umucamanza agomba kuzirikana ko yemerewe gusa guhindura igihano cyatanzwe n’Umucamanza wo mu rukiko rubanza, ari uko amaze kugaragaza ko urwo rukiko rwaba rwarakoresheje nabi itegeko cyangwa ubushishozi bwarwo mu gutanga icyo gihano. Uyu murongo niwo wakurikijwe no mu zindi manza zitandukanye zakurikiye zaciwe n’uru Rukiko, harimo n’urubanza n° RPAA 00738/2021/CA rwaciwe ku wa 26/05/2023, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Uzabakiriho Papias. [17] Naho ku bijyanye no kuba igihano cyatanzwe ku rwego rwabanje cyagabanywa kugeza munsi y’igihano gito giteganywa n’itegeko, mu rubanza n° RPAA 00032/2019/CA rwaciwe ku wa 28/02/2020 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Nzafashwanimana Jean de Dieu, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwasobanuye ko umucamanza atagomba kugira ikimuzitira mu kugabanyiriza ushinjwa igihano ndetse no kugeza munsi y’igihano gito itegeko riteganyiriza icyaha aburanisha, iyo hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha. Uwo murongo wagarutsweho mu manza zitandukanye zaciwe n’uru Rukiko, harimo n’urubanza nº RPAA 00141/2022/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 31/05/2023 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Ntegamaherezo Ryamukuru. [18] Hakurikijwe imirongo yatanzwe mu manza yavuzwe haruguru, mu bika bikurikira hagiye gusuzumwa niba igihano Dushimimana Alexandre yahawe cy’igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri (20) cyaragabanyijwe ku buryo buhagije, kikaba gihuye n’uburemere bw’icyaha yakoze. [19] Nk’uko bigaragara mu manza zabanje, Dushimimana Alexandre aburana ku rwego rwa mbere yemeye icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana w’imyaka cumi n’irindwi (17) y’amavuko, asaba ko yahabwa igihano kigabanyije, maze hashingiwe ku mpamvu y’uko kwemera icyaha, ahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri (20). Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza yajuririye asaba kugabanyirizwa igihano rwasanze yaragabanyirijwe igihano hashingiye ku mpamvu y’uko yemeye icyaha agasaba imbabazi, ko rero iyo mpamvu itakongera gushingirwaho mu kumugabanyiriza igihano, kandi ko igihano yahawe aricyo gito giteganywa n’itegeko ku cyaha yakoze. [20] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga, Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza rwarirengagije umurongo wavuzwe haruguru1 wariho igihe rwacaga urubanza ku wa 26/11/2021, ahubwo ruzitirwa n’itegeko, nyamara rwari rwabonye ko hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha yashoboraga gutuma igihano Dushimimana Alexandre yahawe kigabanywa. [21] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga Dushimimana Alexandre akomeje kwemera icyaha no gusaba imbabazi, kandi nta kindi cyaha yigeze akurikiranwaho ku buryo buzwi, ndetse yakoze icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana w’imyaka cumi n’irindwi (17) y’amavuko, mu gihe nawe yari 1urubanza RPAA 00032/2019/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 28/02/2020, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Nzafashwanimana Jean de Dieu.

## Page 6

muto afite imyaka cumi n’icyenda (19) y’amavuko, bikaba bigaragara ko bombi bari mu kigero kimwe, kandi bari bagamije kubaka umuryango, ibyo byose bikaba byamubera impamvu nyoroshyacyaha zatuma igihano yahawe cyongera kugabanywa. [22] Mu manza uru Rukiko ruheruka guca ku bantu bahamijwe icyaha kijya gusa n’icyo Dushimimana Alexandre yahamijwe, harimo urubanza n° RPAA 00373/2021/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 27/04/2023, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Kagina Emmanuel, aho yahanishijwe igifungo cy’imyaka itanu (5) hashingiwe ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha y’uko yaburanye yemera icyaha, nta kindi cyaha yigeze akurikiranwaho ku buryo buzwi, kuba we n’uwo yarezwe gusambanya bari mu kigero kimwe cy’ubuto kuko yari afite imyaka cumi n’umunani (18) naho umukobwa afite imyaka cumi n’irindiwi (17) y’amavuko, no kuba ubwo yakoraga icyaha nta mugambi mubi yari afite, ahubwo yari agamije kugira uwe muryango. [23] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga rero, mu rwego rwo gutanga ubutabera busa ku bibazo bisa, Dushimimana Alexandre nawe yahabwa igihano cy’imyaka itanu (5) kiri mu kigero kimwe n’icyo Kagina Emmanuel yahanishijwe ku cyaha yarezwe cyo gusambanya umwana, kugirango asobanukirwe uburemere bw’icyaha yakoze, ariko anahabwe amahirwe yo kwikosora. [24] Kubyerekeye isubikagihano Dushimimana Alexandre asaba, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire, rushingiye ku biteganywa n’ingingo ya 64 y’Itegeko n° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange2, rurasanga igihano cy’imyaka itanu (5) rumuhanishije kitasubikwa, kubera uburemere icyaha yakoze cyo gusambanya umwana gifite n’ingaruka cyagize ku wagikorewe zo kuba umubyeyi imburagihe kandi nawe agikeneye kurerwa. [25] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rushingiye ku ngingo ya 64 y’Itegeko n° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 ryavuzwe haruguru, ku mirongo yatanzwe mu manza yagaragajwe haruguru no ku bimaze gusobanurwa, rurasanga ubujurire bwatanzwe na Dushimimana Alexandre bugamije kugabanyisha igihano yahawe bufite ishingiro, bityo urubanza rwajuririwe rukaba rugomba guhinduka gusa ku bijyanye n’igihano. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [26] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwatanzwe na Dushimimana Alexandre bugamije kugabanyisha igihano yahawe bufite ishingiro; [27] Rwemeje ko imikirize y’urubanza n° RPA 01151/2019/HC/NYZ rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza ku wa 26/11/2021, ihindutse gusa ku birebana n’igihano Dushimimana Alexandre yahawe; [28] Rutegetse ko Dushimimana Alexandre ahanishijwe igifungo cy’imyaka itanu (5) ku cyaha cyo gusambanya umwana w’imyaka cumi n’irindwi (17) y’amavuko cyamuhamye byakurikiwe no kubana nawe nk’umugabo n’umugore; 2 Iyo ngingo iteganya ibikurikira: “Isubikagihano ni icyemezo cy’urukiko gihagarika irangizaribanza ku gihano itegeko riteganyiriza igifungo kitarengeje imyaka itanu (5). Isubikagihano ritangwa hashingiwe ku buremere bw’icyaha”.