UBUSHINJACYAHA v. DUSHIMIRIMANA

# UBUSHINJACYAHA v. DUSHIMIRIMANA

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2022-10-13 - Case/document no.: RPAA 00078/2021/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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UBUSHINJACYAHA v. DUSHIMIRIMANA [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE - RPAA 00078/2021/CA (Kaliwabo, P.J.) 13 Ukwakira 2022] Amategeko agenga imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha – Ibimenyetso – Isesengura ry'ibimenyetso- gushidikanya ku mikorere y'icyaha- Iyo hari hari ugushidikanya ku ngingo z'ingenzi zigize urubanza nk'imikorere yacyo, ushinjwa agirwa umwere Amategeko agenga imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha – Amategeko agenga ibimenyetso – Inyandikomvugo yakorewe mubugenzacyaha - Inyandikomvugo y’Ubugenzacyaha ifatwaho ukuri ariko gushobora kuvuguruzwa, Incamake y’icyibazo: Urubanza rwatangiriye mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Rubavu, Dushimirimana Gahinja akurikiranweho icyaha cyo gutunda no gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge, imbere y’Urukiko yaburanye ahakana icyaha aregwa, avuga ko urumogi ashinjwa yarubonye ari kuri polisi kubera icyaha cy’ubujura yari yafatiwe, ko yanze no kubisinyira kuko atarazi aho ruvuye. Urukiko rwemeje ko ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gutunda no gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge, rumuhanisha igifungo cya burundu no gutanga ihazabu ingana na 21.000.000 Frw. Dushimirimana yajuririye Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Musanze asaba kurenganurwa kuko ngo yageretsweho umufuka w’urumogi atamenye aho ruvuye, kandi ko adashobora no kubona amafaranga yo kugura urumogi rungana n’udupfunyika 15.000 ariko Urukiko Rukuru, rwemeza ko ubujurire bwe nta shingiro bufite, rwemeza ko urubanza yajuririye rugumyeho mu ngingo zarwo zose. Dushimirimana yajuririye Urukiko rw’Ubujurire asaba kurenganurwa ngo kuko inkiko zibanza zamuhamije icyaha atakoze, ko yafatiwe icyaha cy’ubujura hanyuma agahimbirwa gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge atigeze afatanwa. Ubwunganizi bwasabye kugenzura neza inyandiko y’ifatira n’iy’ifungwa rya Dushimirimana kuko amatariki abonekamo yasiribanzwe, ko ndetse hari n’abatangabuhamya bagombaga kwemeza ko Dushimirimana yafatiwe ubujura ariko Ubushinjacyaha ntibubabaze. Ubushinjacyaha bwireguye buvuga ko Dushimirimana yafatiwe mu cyuho yikoreye udupfunyika 15.000 tw’urumogi, kandi ko ashinjwa n’abapolisi bamufashe, ko kuba yaranze gusinya ku nyandiko-mvugo y’ifatira ataribyo bimukuraho ko yarufatanwe. Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rumaze kumva imiburanire y’impande zombi rwasabye Ubushinjacyaha gukora iperereza kugira ngo hamenyekane itariki nyayo Dushimirimana yafashweho n’itariki ibiyobyabwenge byafatiriweho, kumenya niba ku itariki ya 04/06/2019 Dushimirimana yari mu maboko ya polisi n’icyo yari yafatiwe, no kubaza abatangabuhamya Dushimirimana avuga ko bahamya ko yafungiwe ubujura. Itariko urubanza rwimuriwe ho igeze, mukugaragaza ibyavuye mu iperereza, Ubushinjacyaha bwavuze ko busanga hari ugushidikanya ku munsi Dushimirimana yafatiweho ndetse no kuba yaba yarafatanywe ibiyobyabwenge, buvuga ko butigeze bubona Dushimirimana mu bantu baba barafungiwe kuri RIB ya Rubavu, bityo bukaba butaramenye niba yarahageze kuwa 04/6/2019 cyangwa kuwa 15/06/2019. Ubushinjacyaha bwakome busobanura ko bwasanze amatariki atandukanye mu nyandikomvugo y’imenyesha atera gushidikanya ku itariki nyayo Dushimirimana yaba yarafatiweho kuko hamwe handitse ko yafashwe kuwa 15/6/2019, mu

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gusobanura imikorere y’icyaha bikavugwa ko yafashwe kuwa 4/06/2019, nanone mu nyandikomvugo y’ifatira hari amatariki abiri atandukanye imwe yo kuwa 12 indi yo kuwa 15/06/2019 kandi yose ari mu nyandiko-mvugo imwe. Incamake y’icyemezo: Inyandikomvugo y’Ubugenzacyaha ifatwaho ukuri ariko gushobora kuvuguruzwa, Bityo Urukiko rwari rufite inshingano yo gusesengura imiburanire ya Dushimirimana ituma ukuri kuvugwa mu nyandiko mvugo y’Ubugenzacyaha gushidikanywaho. Ubujurire bufite ishingiro. Urubanza rujuririrwa ruhindutse mu ngingo zarwo zose. Amategeko yakoreshejwe: Itegeko n° 027/2019 ryo ku wa 19/09/2019 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha, ingingo ya 111 Nta manza zashingiwe ho. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Urubanza rwatangiriye mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Rubavu, Dushimirimana Gahinja akurikiranweho icyaha cyo gutunda no gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge aho bivugwa ko kuwa 15/06/2019 yafatanywe udupfunyika tw’urumogi ibihumbi cumi na bitanu (15.000). Dushimirimana Gahinja yaburanye ahakana icyaha aregwa, avuga ko urumogi ashinjwa yarubonye ari kuri polisi kubera icyaha cy’ubujura yari yafatiwe, ko yanze no kubisinyira kuko atarazi aho ruvuye. [2] Mu rubanza RP 00359/2019/TGI/RBV rwaciwe kuwa 27/06/ 2019, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Rubavu rwemeje ko Dushimirimana Gahinja alias Makote ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gutunda no gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge, rumuhanisha igifungo cya burundu no gutanga ihazabu ingana na 21.000.000 frw, rutegeka ko urumogi rwafatiriwe runyagwa rugatwikwa. [3] Mu kumuhamya icyaha, Urukiko rwashingiye ku buhamya bw’abapolisi bafashe ushinjwa aribo Munyemana Francois Xavier na Iradukunda Innocent, rushingira no ku nyandiko mvugo y’ifatira na raporo y’ubuyobozi bw’Akagari ka Nengo. [4] Dushimirimana Gahinja alias Makote yajuririye Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Musanze asaba kurenganurwa kuko ngo yageretsweho umufuka w’urumogi atamenye aho ruvuye, kandi ko adashobora no kubona amafaranga yo kugura urumogi rungana n’udupfunyika 15.000.

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[5] Mu rubanza RPA 00334/2019/HC/MUS rwaciwe kuwa 12/08/2020, Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Musanze rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Dushimirimana Gahinja nta shingiro bufite, rwemeza ko urubanza yajuririye rugumyeho mu ngingo zarwo zose. [6] Mu gufata icyemezo, Urukiko rwasanze Dushimirimana Gahinja atarashoboye kuvuguruza ibimenyetso byashingiweho ku rwego rwa mbere ahamwa n’icyaha, Urukiko rwasanze nta mpamvu n’imwe yarigutuma Polisi y’Igihugu imushyiraho urumogi rungana kuriya kandi atararufatanywe. [7] Dushimirimana Gahinja alias Makote yajuririye Urukiko rw’Ubujurire asaba kurenganurwa ngo kuko inkiko zibanza zamuhamije icyaha atakoze, ko yafatiwe icyaha cy’ubujura hanyuma agahimbirwa gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge atigeze afatanwa. Ubwunganizi bwasabye kugenzura neza inyandiko y’ifatira n’iy’ifungwa rya Dushimirimana kuko amatariki abonekamo yasiribanzwe, ko ndetse hari n’abatangabuhamya bagombaga kwemeza ko Dushimirimana yafatiwe ubujura ariko Ubushinjacyaha ntibubabaze. [8] Ubushinjacyaha bwireguye buvuga ko Dushimirimana yafatiwe mu cyuho yikoreye udupfunyika 15.000 tw’urumogi, kandi ko ashinjwa n’abapolisi bamufashe, ko kuba yaranze gusinya ku nyandiko-mvugo y’ifatira ataribyo bimukuraho ko yarufatanwe. [9] Urubanza rwaburanishijwe kuwa 05/7/2022 Dushimirimana Gahinja alias Makote yunganiwe na Me Ndayisabye Alex naho Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na Rudatinya N. Gaspard, Umushinjacyaha ku Rwego rw’Igihugu. Urukiko rumaze kumva imiburanire y’impande zombi rwasabye Ubushinjacyaha gukora iperereza kugira ngo hamenyekane itariki nyayo Dushimirimana yafashweho n’itariki ibiyobyabwenge byafatiriweho, kumenya niba ku itariki ya 04/06/2019 Dushimirimana yari mu maboko ya polisi n’icyo yari yafatiwe, no kubaza André na ZAWADI, abatangabuhamya Dushimirimana avuga ko bahamya ko yafungiwe ubujura. [10] Iburanisha ry’urubanza ryasubukuwe ku wa 6/10/2022, Urukiko rwumva ibyavuye mu iperereza ryakozwe n’Ubushinjacyaha, kuri uwo munsi Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko, bushingiye ku iperereza bwakoze busanga hari ugushidikanya ku munsi Dushimirimana yafatiweho ndetse no kuba yaba yarafatanywe ibiyobyabwenge, busaba ko yagirwa umwere. [11] Urukiko rurasuzuma niba hari ugushidikanya ku mikorere y’icyaha ku buryo butuma Dushimirimana Gahinja agirwa umwere. II. ISESENGURA RY’ URUBANZA  Gusuzuma niba Dushimirimana yarahamijwe icyaha hashingiwe ku bimenyetso bishidikanywaho [12] Mu iburanisha ryo kuwa 05/07/2022, Dushimirimana Gahinja alias Makote yunganiwe na Me Ndayisabye Alex, yaburanye avuga ko kuwa 04/06/2019 yafashwe ashinjwa ubujura ngo agafungirwa ku cyicaro cya polisi ikorera iRubavu, ko kuwa 15/06/2019 imodoka ya polisi yamusanze aho afungiwe irimo igifuka atamenye ibirimo, akabwirwa gusinyira ko afatanywe urumogi ngo arabyanga, ahita ajyanwa kuri RIB ashinjwa gutunda ibiyobyabwenge atigeze amenya

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iyo biturutse. Avuga ko Ubushinjacyaha bwirengagije kubaza abitwa André na Zawadi nyamara ngo aba bari guhamya ko babonye afatirwa mu isoko rya Unama aho yari yagiye gucuruza, kandi ko yafashwe ashinjwa ubujura, ko kuva kuri iyo tariki ya 04/06/2019 atigeze afungurwa ngo ajye gutunda ibiyobyabwenge nk’uko abishinjwa, ko nta n’amafaranga afite yamushoboza kugura udupfunyika 15.000 tw’urumogi, asaba kurenganurwa. [13] Me Ndayisabye Alex yasabye ko hasuzumwa impamvu habayeho gusiba amatariki no kuyasimbuza ayandi nk’uko biboneka mu nyandiko mvugo y’ifatira, n’inyandiko y’ibazwa rya Dushimire, ko umugenzacyaha yavuze ko ushinjwa yemeye gusinyira ibyo yabajijwe nyamara agasoza avuga ko uyu yanze gusinya. Yasabye kandi ko hasuzumwa ubuhamya bw’Umunyamabanga nshingwabikorwa w’Akagari ka Nengo waranzwe no kwivuguruza mu ibazwa rye, ko n’uburyo bwakoreshejwe bwo kubara udupfunyika 15.000 tw’urumogi bushidikanywaho, mu gihe bivugwa ko Dushimirimana yafashwe mu ijoro. [14] Kuri iyo tariki Ubushinjacyaha bwasabwe gukora iperereza ku birebana n’ivuguruzanya ry’amatariki avugwa mu nyandiko zarondowe haruguru ndetse no kubaza abatangabuhamya Dushimirimana avuga ko babonye afatirwa mu isoko azira ubujura. Ubushinjacyaha bwasabwe no kumenya igipimo cy’udupfunyika 15.000 mu bilo, no kumenya niba koko kuwa 04/06/2019 Dushimirimana yari mu maboko ya polisi. [15] Iburanisha ryasubukuwe kuwa 06/10/2022, ababuranyi bahagarariwe nka mbere, Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko mu iperereza bwakoze byagoranye kubona bamwe mu batangabuhamya kuko Dushimirimana n’ubwunganizi bwe batigeze batanga umwirondoro w’abo basabye ko babazwa, naho abanyerondo bivugwa ko bafashe Dushimirimana, uwari umunyamabanga nshingwabikkorwa wa Nengo yavuze ko atabamenya kuko batangwaga n’Akarere, nawe ubwe akaba hari ibyo atashoboye gusobanura avuga ko atabyibuka bitewe n’igihe gishize. Uwitwa Mugisha wemera ko ariwe wakoze inyandiko mvugo y’ifatira yavuze ko umubare 12 usibye hakandikwa 15/06/2019 atari we wabikoze. Umwe mu bapolisi bagombaga kubazwa, ubushinjacyaha ntibwashoboye kumubona kuko yimuriwe i Huye. [16] Ubushinjacyaha bwavuze ko butigeze bubona Dushimirimana mu bantu baba barafungiwe kuri RIB ya Rubavu, bityo bukaba butaramenye niba yarahageze kuwa 04/6/2019 cyangwa kuwa 15/06/2019, ko Ubuyobozi bwa polisi bwavuze ko nta muntu ufungirwa ku cyicaro cyayo bityo ko Dushimirimana atigeze ahafungirwa. [17] Ku bijyanye n’itariki Dushimirimana Gahinja alias Makoti yafatiweho, Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko bwasanze amatariki atandukanye mu nyandikomvugo y’imenyesha atera gushidikanya ku itariki nyayo yaba yarafatiweho kuko hamwe handitse ko yafashwe kuwa 15/6/2019, mu gusobanura imikorere y’icyaha bikavugwa ko yafashwe kuwa 4/06/2019, nanone mu nyandikomvugo y’ifatira hari amatariki abiri atandukanye imwe yo kuwa 12 indi yo kuwa 15/06/2019 kandi yose ari mu nyandiko-mvugo imwe. Bwavuze kandi ko bwabajije Mugisha Jean (kuri ubu ubufungiwe muri Gereza ya Rubavu) wasinye inyandiko mvugo y’ifatira abubwira ko atariwe wasibye umubare 2 wahinduwemo 5, busanga ibyo bituma iyo nyandikomvugo y’ifatira ikemangwa.

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[18] Buvuga ko Nkurunziza Noel atashoboye gusobanura ivuguruzanya riri mu ibazwa rye, aho mu Bugenzacyaha yavuze ko Dushimirimana Gahinja yafashwe saa moya n’igice, naho mu Rukiko Rukuru akavuga ko yafashwe mu ijoro, ibi nabyo bikaba bitera gushidikanya. [19] Ku birebana n’ibipimo by’udupfunyika 15.000 tw’urumogi, Umushinjacyaha Rudatinya Gaspard yavuze ko yifashishije umunzani, ari kumwe na Assistant muri Parike ya Rubavu n’Umwanditsi Mukuru mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Rubavu, bapima ibiyobyabwenge byari bifatiriwe ku biro by’Ubushinjacyaha bukorera iRubavu basanga ikilo 1 kingana n’udupfunyika 495, bivuze ko udupfunyika 15.000 tungana na 30,3Kg. [20] Ku bijyanye n’itariki Dushimirimana Gahinja yafatiweho, buvuga ko bwasanze amatariki atandukanye mu nyandiko-mvugo y’imenyesha atera gushidikanya ku itariki nyayo yaba yarafatiweho kuko, hamwe handitse ko yafashwe kuwa 15/6/2019, mu gusobanura imikorere y’icyaha bikavugwa ko yafashwe kuwa 4/06/2019. Buvuga ko mu nyandiko-mvugo y’ifatira hari amatariki abiri atandukanye, iyo kuwa 12/06/2019 yahinduwemo iyo kuwa 15/06/2019. [21] Ubushinjacyaha bwanzuye buvuga ko, kuba Dushimirimana Gahinja atanditse mu bitabo by’abafungwa ngo hamenyekane itariki yafatiweho, kuba inyandikomvugo y’ifatira ifite amatariki 2 atandukanye hamwe isiribanze ku matariki aho bigaragara ko umubare 2 wahinduwemo 5, kuba muri “PV de renseignement” naho hagaragara amatariki abiri atandukanye icyaha cyakoreweho, aho bivugwa ko icyaha cyakozwe ku itariki ya 15/06/2019 ariko mu gusobanura imikorere y’icyaha bikavugwa ko yafashwe kuwa 4/06/2019, kuba Nkurunziza Noel mu mvugo ze harimo kudahuza amasaha Dushimirimana yafatiweho, byose bitera gushidikanya ku mikorere y’icyaha. Bityo, hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 111 y’Itegeko n° 027/2019 ryo ku wa 19/09/2019 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha, Ubushinjacyaha busanga uku gushidikanya kurengera uregwa akaba agomba kugirwa umwere. [22] Dushimirimana Gahinja n’ubwunganizi bwe bavuga ko bemeranywa n’Ubushinjacyaha kuri raporo bwatanze ku iperereza ry’inyongera kuko ibyagezweho bihuza n’imiburanire yabo kuva ushinjwa agifatwa, bityo Urukiko rukaba rugomba kubishingiraho rwemeza ko nta bimenyetso bihamya Dushimirimana Gahinja icyaha cyo gutunda no gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge, akaba agomba kugirwa umwere, agafungurwa. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [23] Ingingo ya 111 y’Itegeko n° 027/2019 ryo ku wa 19/09/2019 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha, iteganya ko “gushidikanya birengera ushinjwa. Iyo urubanza rwakurikiranywe mu buryo bwose, ntihagire ibimenyetso nyakuri biboneka byemeza nta shiti abacamanza ko ushinjwa yakoze icyaha koko, bagomba kwemeza ko atsinze”. [24] Urukiko rurasanga ibimenyetso nyamukuru Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Musanze, rwashingiyeho ruhamya Dushimirimana Gahinja icyaha cyo gutunda no gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge ari ubuhamya bwa Munyemana Francois Xavier na Iradukunda Innocent, abapolisi bamufashe,

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inyandiko y’ifatira igaragaza ko yafatanwe udupfunyika ibihumbi cumi na bitanu (15 000) tw’urumogi na raporo y’ubuyobozi bw’Akagari ka Nengo. [25] Dushimirimana Gahinja alias Makote, kuva agifatwa, yaburanye avuga ko yafashwe akekwaho ubujura bwakorewe uwitwa André, bamufatira aho yacururiraza mu isoko rya unama, afatwa n’abantu babiri bari mu ivatiri, baramutwara ariko André aza kubabwira ko atariwe wamwibye ahubwo ko ari uwitwa John ngo banga kumurekura bajya kumufungira aho Polisi y’Intara y’Iburengerazuba ikorera, ahahoze hari Gereza ya Gisenyi, ko abapolisi bazanye umufuka bamubwira gusinyira ko afatanywe ibiyobyabwenge nawe arabyanga, akaba yarahamijwe icyaha atakoze. [26] Urukiko rusanga imvugo ya Dushimirimana Gahinja alias Makote uvuga ko yahamijwe icyaha atakoze urukiko rushingiye ku bimenyetso birangwa no gushidikanya abihuriyeho n’ubushinjacyaha mu mwanzuro bwafashe bumaze gukora iperereza ry’inyongera aho bwemeje ko ibyo bwiboneye muri iryo perereza bitera urujijo ndetse hakaba harimo gushidikanya cyane. [27] Urukiko ruremeranywa n’Ubushinjacyaha ko, ingingo irebana n’itariki Dushimirimana yafatiweho ni ingenzi kuko ushinjwa avuga ko yafashwe kuwa 04/06/2019 azira ubujura mu gihe Ubushinjacyaha bwamureze gutunda no gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge buvuga ko yabifatanywe kuwa 15/06/2019. Kuba aya matariki yombi aboneka muri pv de renseignement biratuma Urukiko rushidikanya koko ku mikorere y’icyaha Dushimirimana akurikiranyweho. Kuba nanone mu bitabo bya RIB nta zina rya Dushimirimana riboneka mu bakiriwe n’uru Rwego kuwa 15/06/2019 byongera ugushidikanya ku munsi yafatiweho, kandi kumenya umunsi yafatiweho byari gusanishwa n’imwe mu mvugo yuko yafatiwe ubujura cyangwa ko yafatiwe gutunda ibiyobyabwenge. [28] Rurasanga nanone, kuba inyandiko y’ifatira ry’ibiyobyabwenge igaragaza itariki ya 12/06/2019 yahinduwemo itariki ya 15/06/2019 bitera gushidikanya ko, koko ibi byarafatanywe Dushimirimana cyangwa byari bisanzwe mu bubiko bwa polisi nk’uko ushinjwa avuga ko babimusangishije aho yari afungiwe atazi aho bivuye. [29] Rurasanga ibivuzwe haruguru bihujwe no kuba Dushimirimana yaranze gusinyira ibiyobyabwenge bivugwa ko yafatanywe, mu gihe Umugenzacyaha, mu nyandiko imwe avuga ko asinyiye ibyafatiriwe nanone muri iyi nyandiko akavuga ko yanze gusinya, byose bituma rushidikanya ku kuba koko Dushimirimana yarafatanywe ibiyobyabwenge bivugwa. [30] Rurasanga, imvugo y’Urukiko Rukuru ko nta nyungu Polisi y’Igihugu yari ifite yo kubeshyera Dushimirimana Gahinja icyaha atakoze, iki atari igisobanuro gihagije kuko inyanduko mvugo y’Ubugenzacyaha ifatwaho ukuri ariko gushobora kuvuguruzwa, bikaba byari mu nshingano y’Urukiko gusesengura imiburanire ya Dushimirimana ituma ukuri kuvugwa mu nyandiko mvugo y’Ubugenzacyaha gushidikanywaho. [31] Hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 111 y’Itegeko Nº 027/2019 ryo ku wa 19/09/2019 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha ryavuzwe haruguru, no ku bisobanuro bimaze kuvugwa haruguru, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga Dushimirimana Gahinja alias Makote akwiye kugirwa

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umwere kubera gushidikanya kuri mu bimenyetso byashingiweho uyu ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gutunda no gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [32] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Dushimirimana Gahinja alias Makote bufite ishingiro; [33] Rwemeje ko imikirize y’urubanza n° RPA00334/2019/HC/MUS, rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Musanze kuwa 12/08/2020, ihindutse mu ngingo zarwo zose; [34] Rutegetse ko Dushimirimana Gahinja alias Makote agizwe umwere ku cyaha cyo gutunda no gucuruza yari akurikiranyweho; [35] Rutegetse ko Dushimirimana Gahinja alias Makote ahita arekurwa uru rubanza rukimara gusomwa; [36] Rutegetse ko amagarama y’uru rubanza aherera ku Isanduku ya Leta.