EASTINCO LTD v. Daniel Lee HOGAN

# EASTINCO LTD v. Daniel Lee HOGAN

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2025-04-11 - Case/document no.: RCOMAA 00041/2024/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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EASTINCO LTD v. Daniel Lee HOGAN [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RCOMAA 00041/2024/CA (Ngagi, P.J.) 11 Mata 2025] Amategeko agenga ububasha bw’Inkiko – Ububasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire – Ubujurire bwa kabiri – Imanza zaciwe n’inkiko zitabifitiye ububasha - Amasezerano ateganya ubukemurampaka – Umuburanyi wiyambuye uburenganzira bwo kwiyambaza ubukemurampaka akaregera Urukiko, uwarezwe nawe akabyemera, nta wahindukira ngo avuge ko yaburanishijwe n’Urukiko rutabifitiye ububasha, asaba ko ubujurire bwa kabiri bwakirwa. Incamake y’ikibazo: Daniel Lee Hogan yagiranye amasezerano na Sosiyete yari abereye umuyobozi ya EASTINCO Ltd, ayikodesha imodoka ze ebyiri (2) ku giciro cy’amadolari ibihumbi magana atanu na mirongo irindwi n’atanu (575 USD) ku kwezi kuri buri modoka. EASTINCO Ltd yananiwe kwishyura igiciro impande zombi zumvikanyeho ndetse hashira igihe kingana n’imyaka 2 itubahiriza iyo nshingano yayo, bituma Daniel Lee Hogan ayirega mu Rukiko rw’Ubucuruzi asaba kuyitegeka kumwishyura umwenda w’amadolari y’Amerika ibihumbi makumyabiri na bitatu na magana atanu na makumyabiri n’atanu (23,525 USD) w’ubukode bw’imodoka yayikodesheje nk’uko impande zombi zabyumvikanyeho mu masezerano zagiranye, n’inyungu zayo zingana n’amadolari ibihumbi bitanu na magana abiri na mirongo icyenda n’atatu (5,293 USD), ndetse no kuyishyura amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza. Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi rwaciye urubanza rwemeza ko ikirego nta shingiro gifite kuko harimo kugongana kw’inyungu bwite z’urega ndetse n’iza Sosiyete. Daniel Lee Hogan yajuririye mu Rukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi asaba urwo Rukiko gusuzuma niba EASTINCO Ltd igomba kumwishyura umwenda w’ubukode bw’imodoka ungana 23,525 USD n’inyungu zayo zingana 5,293 USD. Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwaciye urubanza rwemeza ko ubujurire bufite ishingiro ko imikirize y’urubanza rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi ihindutse mu ngingo zarwo zose. EASTINCO Ltd yajuririye mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, urubanza ruburanishwa mu ruhame hasuzumwa ikibazo cyo kumenya niba ubujurire buri mu bubasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire. Kuri iki kibazo EASTINCO Ltd ivuga ko Urukiko rw’Ubujurire bufite ububasha bushingiye kukuba Daniel Lee Hogan atarubahirije amasezerano agahitamo gutanga ikirego mu Nkiko kandi mu masezerano hateganyijwemo ko mu gihe havutse impaka zizakemurwa mu bwumvikane, byakwanga bagashyiraho impuguke; bityo ko ibyemezo byafashwe n’inkiko zibanza bikwiye gukurwaho kuko zitari zifite ububasha. Ku rundi ruhande, Daniel Lee Hogan avuga ko ubujurire butari mu bubasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire hashingiwe ku murongo watanzwe n’uru Rukiko mu rubanza RCOMAA 00107/2022/CA CMB RCOMAA 00108/2022/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 25/05/2023, haburana MUKERAMIRIMO CONSTRUCTION Ltd na QUALITY CONSTRUCTION Ltd n’abandi, EASTINCO Ltd yiyambuye uburenganzira bwo kwiyambaza umuhanga, kandi ko ibyo yabitewe nuko yabonye ko yatsinzwe urubanza, ko ibyemezo byose byafashwe n’inkiko zabanje bigomba kugumana agaciro kabyo, kuko mu kubifata zari zibifitiye ububasha.

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Incamake y’icyemezo: Umuburanyi wiyambuye uburenganzira bwo kwiyambaza ubukemurampaka akaregera Urukiko, uwarezwe nawe akabyemera, nta wahindukira ngo avuge ko yaburanishijwe n’Urukiko rutabifitiye ububasha, asaba ko ubujurire bwa kabiri bwakirwa. Ubujurire ntiburi mu bubasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire. Amagarama ahwanye n’ibyakozwe mu rubanza. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko no 30/2018 ryo ku wa 02/06/2018 rigena ububasha bw’inkiko, Ingingo ya 52, igika cya 2, 3º. Imanza zifashishijwe: RCOMAA 00107/2022/CA CMB RCOMAA 00108/2022/CA; MUKERAMIRIMO CONSTRUCTION Ltd na QUALITY CONSTRUCTION Ltd n’abandi rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 25/05/2023. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Ku wa 01/07/2019, Daniel Lee HOGAN wari Umuyobozi w'Inama y'Ubutegetsi (Chairman) akaba n'Umuyobozi Mukuru (Managing Director) wa EASTINCO Ltd, yagiranye n’iyi Sosiyete amasezerano y’ubukode bw’imodoka ebyiri (2) ze zifite Plaque RAB706T na RAA209N ku giciro cy’amadolari ibihumbi magana atanu na mirongo irindwi n’atanu (575 USD) ku kwezi kuri buri modoka. Muri ayo masezerano Daniel Lee HOGAN akaba yarihagarariye ubwe ku giti cye nka nyiri imodoka zikodeshwa, naho EASTINCO Ltd ihagarariwe n’Umuyobozi wayo ushinzwe ibikorwa (Chief Operation Officer) witwa Stephan KNOEF. Daniel Lee HOGAN avuga ko EASTINCO Ltd itubahirije ayo masezerano y’ubukode impande zombi zagiranye, aho kuva mu kwezi kwa Werurwe 2020 yaretse kwishyura ubukode, kugeza ubwo hashize hafi imyaka ibiri (2) itishyura. [2] Daniel Lee HOGAN yareze EASTINCO Ltd mu Rukiko rw’Ubucuruzi, arusaba kuyitegeka kumwishyura umwenda w’amadolari y’Amerika ibihumbi makumyabiri na bitatu na magana atanu na makumyabiri n’atanu (23,525 USD) w’ubukode bw’imodoka yayikodesheje nk’uko impande zombi zabyumvikanyeho mu masezerano zagiranye, n’inyungu zayo zingana n’amadolari ibihumbi bitanu na magana abiri na mirongo icyenda n’atatu (5,293 USD), ndetse no kuyishyura amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza. [3] EASTINCO Ltd yireguye ivuga ko Daniel Lee HOGAN adakwiye guhabwa amadolari asaba kuko ashingiye ku masezerano arimo inenge zitatuma Urukiko rutegeka ko ashyirwa mu bikorwa, na cyane ko nk’uwari Umuyobozi w'icyo Kigo, akaba n'umunyamigabane ndetse n'Umuyobozi w'Inama y'Ubutegetsi, yakoresheje umwanya we mu nyungu ze bwite mu ku kirenganya kandi yari ashinzwe ku kireberera, ko ibyo avuga iyo biza kuba ari ukuri yakabaye yariyishyuye muri icyo gihe kuko ari we wari ubishinzwe.

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[4] Mu iburanisha ryo ku wa 27/04/2023, Me SAFARI Jean Bosco waburaniraga Daniel Lee HOGAN yasabye Urukiko gusubika iburansiha kugira ngo hazabanze kuburanishwa ikirego cyihutirwa yatanze gifite RCOM 00716/2023/TC, ariko Urukiko rumaze kubisuzuma rusanga kuba haratanzwe ikirego cyihutirwa gisaba gufatira imitungo yimukanwa ya EASTINCO Ltd mu gihe urubanza RCOM 00469/2023/TC rutaraba itegeko, bitahagarika ikirego cy’iremezo. [5] Mu rubanza RCOM 00469/2023/TC rwaciwe ku wa 11/05/2023, Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi rwemeje ko kuba Daniel Lee HOGAN yari Umuyobozi w'Inama y'Ubutegetsi (Chairman) akaba n'Umuyobozi Mukuru (Managing Director) wa EASTINCO Ltd atari gukora amasezerano mu nyungu ze, agamije kuyikodesha imodoka ze ebyiri (2) Inama y’Ubutegetsi yayo itabanje kubyemera kuko harimo kugongana kw’inyungu ze bwite n’izayo, ko ikirego Daniel Lee HOGAN aregamo EASTINCO Ltd nta shingiro gifite, kandi ko amafaranga ibihumbi makumyabiri (20.000 Frw) y’ingwate y’amagarama yatanze aguma mu Isanduku ya Leta. [6] Daniel Lee HOGAN yajuririye Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi, anenga kuba Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi rwaremeje ko amasezerano y’ubukode bw’imodoka yabaye hagati ye na EASTINCO Ltd yabayemo igongana ry’inyungu akabangamira EASTINCO Ltd ku buryo atakubahirizwa, arusaba gusuzuma niba yaratangiye kwishyuza umwenda we nyuma y’aho aviriye mu kazi, no kumenya niba ibyo ari impamvu yamubuza kwishyurwa, no gusuzuma niba EASTINCO Ltd igomba kumwishyura umwenda w’ubukode bw’imodoka ungana 23,525 USD n’inyungu zayo zingana 5,293 USD. Asoza asaba Urukiko gutegeka EASTINCO Ltd kumuha amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza ndetse n’igihembo cya Avoka. [7] Urubanza rwaburanishijwe mu ruhame, EASTINCO Ltd idahari, Urukiko rwemeza ko ruzashingira ku myanzuro yayo y’ubujurire. Mu myanzuro yayo, EASTINCO Ltd yireguye ivuga ko Daniel Lee HOGAN aterekana ko nta gongana ry’inyungu ryabayeho, kandi ko uretse n’ibyo yayirenganije bikabije. Ku bijyanye no kumenya niba Daniel Lee HOGAN yaratangiye kwishyuza umwenda nyuma y’uko avuye mu kazi no kumenya niba ibyo ari impamvu yamubuza kwishyurwa, ivuga ko icyo kibazo kitasuzumwe nk’ingingo igize ikirego (legal issue), ko cyari gusuzumwa ari uko Urukiko rusanze nta burenganzira bwayo butubahirijwe, cyangwa mu gihe rwari gusanga ubusabe bwayo bw’uko amasezerano y'ubukode bw'imodoka avugwa atashyirwa mu bikorwa rutabuhaye agaciro, aho yo yasabaga ko umwenda uburanwa ushingiye kuri ayo masezerano Urukiko rutategeka ko yubahirizwa, hanyuma ubusabe bwayo bugahabwa agaciro, akaba ari na yo mpamvu nta mpaka zabaye ku ngano y'umwenda n'ibiwukomokaho, ko icyo ari cyo yakabaye yarajuririye, aho kwitwara nk’aho atanga ikirego gishya. Mu gusoza, itanga ubujurire bwuririye ku bundi, isaba amafaranga y’igihembo cya Avoka angana na miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000 Frw), n'ay'ikurikiranarubanza angana na miliyoni imwe (1.000 000 Frw). [8] Mu rubanza RCOMA 00302/2023/HCC rwaciwe ku wa 17/05/2024, Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rushingiye ku ngingo ya 168 y’Itegeko N° 007/2021 ryo ku wa 05/02/2021 rigenga amasosiyete y’ubucuruzi, ku masezerano yo ku wa 01/07/2019, Daniel Lee HOGAN yagiranye na EASTINCO Ltd agamije gukodesha imodoka ifite plaki RAB706T na RAA209N, ndetse no ku ibaruwa yo ku wa 08/02/2023, yanditswe na Charles BRAY, Umuyobozi wa EASTINCO Ltd, urwo Rukiko rwemeje ko : a. Ubujurire bwatanzwe na Daniel Lee HOGAN bufite ishingiro ;

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b. Imikirize y’urubanza RCOM 00469/2023/TC rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi ku wa 11/05/2023 ihindutse mu ngingo zayo zose ; c. EASTINCO Ltd yishyura Daniel Lee HOGAN mu buryo bukurikira : - Amadolari ibihumbi makumyabiri na bitatu na magana atanu na makumyabiri n’atanu (23.525 USD) ahwanye n’amafaranga miliyoni mirongo itatu n’ibihumbi magana abiri na mirongo itanu na bitatu n’ijana na mirongo itanu (30.253.150 Frw) y’umwenda ukomoka ku ikodeshwa ry’imodoka ebyiri (2); - Amadolari ibihumbi bitanu na magana inane na mirongo itanu n’arindwi n’ibice mirongo irindwi na bibiri (5.857,72 USD) ahwanye na n’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni zirindwi n’ibihumbi magana atanu na mirongo itatu na bitatu na makumyabiri n’umunani (7.533.028 Frw) y’indishyi zo kwica amasezerano ; - Amafaranga ibihumbi magana inane (800.000 Frw) y’igihembo cya Avoka ; - amafaranga ibihumbi magana abiri (200.000 Frw) y’ikurikiranarubanza. [9] EASTINCO Ltd yajuririye uru Rukiko, ubujurire bwayo bwandikwa kuri RCOMAA 00041/2024/CA. Urubanza rwaburanishijwe mu ruhame ku wa 02/04/2025, EASTINCO Ltd ihagarariwe na Me Rugundana Elysée afatanyije na Me Karaiga William, naho Daniel Lee HOGAN yunganiwe na Me Mugabonabandi Jean Maurice, hasuzumwa ikibazo cyo kumenya niba ubujurire bwa EASTINCO Ltd buri mu bubasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire. II. ISESENGURA RY’IBIBAZO BIGIZE URUBANZA

1.Kumenya niba ubujurire bwatanzwe na EASTINCO Ltd buri mu bubasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire [10] Abahagarariye EASTINCO Ltd bavuga ko Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rufite ububasha bashingiye ku ngingo ya 52, igika cya 2, agace ka 3, y’Itegeko N°30/2018 ryo ku wa 02/06/2018 rigena ububasha bw’Inkiko, igira iti : ʺUrukiko rw’Ubujurire rufite kandi ububasha bwo kuburanisha mu rwego rw’ubujurire bwa kabiri imanza zaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi n’Urukiko Rukuru rwa Gisirikare, iyo izo manza : (…) cyangwa zaciwe n’urukiko rutabifitiye ububasha". Bavuga kandi ko EASTINCO Ltd yajuriye ishingiye ku kuba ingingo ya 11 y’amasezerano y’ubukode bw’imodoka zifite plaki RAB706T na RAA209N yo ku wa 01/07/2019 yagiranye na Daniel Lee HOGAN, iteganya ko mu gihe havuka impaka muri ayo masezerano, impande zombi zigomba kubanza gukemura ikibazo binyuze mu nzira y’ubwumvikane, byaramuka bidakunze, mu gihe cy’ukwezi kumwe (1) zigashyiraho umuhanga zumvikanyeho, icyemezo cye kikaba ari cyo gikurikizwa n’impande zombi nk’aho ari amasezerano. [11] Basobanura kandi ko Daniel Lee HOGAN atakurikije inzira yibukijwe haruguru, agahitamo kuregera Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi kandi bitari mu bubasha bwarwo; ko nubwo urwo

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Rukiko rwaburanishije urubanza RCOM 00469/2023/TC rukajuririrwa mu Rukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi, basanga Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rufite ububasha bwo kuburanisha ubu bujurire bwa EASTINCO Ltd, kuko inkiko zabanje nta bubasha zari zifite bwo kuburanisha urubanza ku bibazo bikomoka ku masezerano y’ubukode bw’imodoka yo ku wa 01 Nyakanga 2019, mu gihe impande zombi zayagiranye ziyambuye ububasha bwo kuregera inkiko. Bakomeza basobanura ko Umwanditsi w’Urukiko atagombaga kwandika ikirego, hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 21, 1 agace ka 18, y’Itegeko nº 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, igira iti: ʺUmwanditsi w’Urukiko ntashobora kwandika ikirego mu gihe urega: (…) 18° atanze ikirego atagaragaje ko ubwumvikane buteganyijwe cyangwa ubukemurampaka mu masezerano butakozwe”. [12] Bakomeza bavuga ko kuba impande zombi zaragerageje gukemura ikibazo zari zifitanye binyuze mu nzira y’ubwumvikane bikananirana, bitari bihagije kugira ngo Daniel Lee HOGAN aregere Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi ndetse n’Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi, ngo kuko yasimbutse inzira zateganijwe mu masezerano yagiranye na EASTINCO Ltd zo gukemura amakimbirane hisunzwe impuguke. Ko mu kwemeranya ko icyemezo cy’impuguke y’aho imodoka ziherereye kizaba kigize amasezerano kandi kikubahirizwa n’impande zombi, Daniel Lee HOGAN na EASTINCO Ltd bari biyambuye ububasha bwo kuregera Urukiko mu gihe cyose ibyateganyijwe mu masezerano byerekeranye no gukemura amakimbirane bitabanje kubahirizwa. [13] Basobanura ko kuba inkiko zabanje zarafashe ibyemezo mu manza RCOM 00469/2023/TC na RCOMA 00302/2023/HCC kandi nta bubasha zari zibifitiye, nk’ingaruka zabyo, ibyemezo byazifashwemo bikwiye gukurwaho hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 94 , igika cya 4, y’Itegeko Nº 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryibukijwe haruguru1; bityo kuba urubanza RCOMA 00302/2023/HCC rujuririrwa rwaraciwe n’Urukiko rutabifitiye ububasha, bituma Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rugira ububasha bwo kwakira ubujurire bwa EASTINCO Ltd. [14] Bavuga kandi ko urubanza RCOMAA 00107/2022/CA CMB RCOMAA 00108/2022/CA Daniel Lee HOGAN ashingiraho nka jurisprudence/precedent ruvuga ku bijyanye n’ababuranyi bitabiriye inama ntegurarubanza, bakumvikana ku bibazo bizaburanishwa, kandi muri uru rubanza EASTINCO Ltd itaritabiriye inama ntegurarubanza. Bityo urwo rubanza rutagomba gushingirwaho. [15] Bavuga na none ko inzitizi yatanzwe ari indemyagihugu ku buryo ababuranyi batabyumvikanaho, kandi ko n’ubwo EASTINCO Ltd itabyukije iyo nzitizi, ko yaba Umwanditsi cyangwa Umucamanza mu nkiko zabanje, bari bafite inshingino zo gusuzuma niba urwo Rukiko rwari rufite ububasha bwo kuburanisha ikirego cyayo. Bityo ko Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rukwiye kuburanisha uru rubanza rwasanga inkiko zabanje nta bubasha zari zifite rugatesha agaciro ibyemezo zafashe.

1 Iyo ngingo iteganya ibikurikira: “Iyo Urukiko rwajuririwe rusanze urubanza rwararegewe mu rwego rwa mbere mu buryo budakurikije amategeko, nyamara urukiko rukaba rwarafashe icyemezo cyo kurwakira kandi rutaragombaga kurwakira, urukiko rwajuririrwe rwakira icyo kirego, rukagaragaza ko urwo rubanza rwajuririwe rwari rwararegewe urukiko rwa mbere mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko, rugatesha agaciro ibyemezo byose byashingiye kuri iryo kosa, ubifitemo inyungu akaba yakongera agatanga ikirego bundi bushya.

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[16] Daniel Lee HOGAN n’umwunganira bavuga ko ibivugwa n’abahagarariye EASTINCO Ltd ko uru Rukiko rufite ububasha bwo kuburanisha ubujurire bwayo bashingiye ku kuba inkiko zabanje zaraburanishije urubanza zitabifitiye ububasha, hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 11 y’amasezerano y’ubukode bw’imodoka zifite plaki RAB706T na RAA209N yo ku wa 01 Nyakanga 2019 nta shingiro bifite; kuko iyi ngingo itavuga ko icyemezo cy’umuhanga ari bwo buryo bwo gukemura amakimbirane, ko ahubwo ivuga ko icyemezo cy’umuhanga washyirwaho cyaba amasezerano hagati y’impande zombi, ko atari icyemezo ndakuka cyabuza uruhande rubyifuza kuba rwaregera urukiko. [17] Bavuga kandi ko mu manza zombi zabanje nta na hamwe EASTINCO Ltd yigeze isaba ko ikirego cyari cyashyikirijwe Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi kitaburanishwa, ngo hubahirizwe ibiteganywa n’iyo ngingo yavuzwe haruguru, ko rero bashingiye ku murongo watanzwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire mu rubanza RCOMAA 00107/2022/CA CMB RCOMAA 00108/2022/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 25/05/2023, haburana MUKERAMIRIMO CONSTRUCTION Ltd na QUALITY CONSTRUCTION Ltd n’abandi, aho mu isesengura rwakoze mu bika bya 36-37 by’urwo rubanza, rushingiye ku murongo watanzwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga mu rubanza RCOMA 0090/13/CS rwaciwe ku wa 28/03/2014, rwavuze ko iyo ababuranyi badasabye Urukiko kubohereza aho bateganyije ko impaka zabo zizakemukira, baba biyambuye ubwo burenganzira bwo kwiyambaza urwo rwego ayo masezerano ateganya. Kandi ko impande zombi ziba zarahisemo guhindura ibyo zasezeranye mbere zikemeranya kuburanishwa n’inkiko, zikumvikana no ku kiburanwa mu nama ntegurarubanza, bivuze ko zahisemo mu buryo buteruye (tacitement) guhindura amasezerano zari zagiranye mbere, ku byerekeranye n’uburyo bwo gukemura amakimbirane ashingiye ku masezerano bagiranye zigahitamo kuburanishwa n’inkiko; bityo muri izo mpande zombi nta wahindukira ngo avuge ko yaburanishijwe n’Urukiko rutabifitiye ububasha, basanga ubu bujurire butari mu bubasha bw’uru Rukiko. [18] Basobanura ko ingingo ya 52, igika cya 2, agace ka 3, y’Itegeko Nº30/2018 ryo ku wa 02/06/2018 rigena ububasha bw’inkiko, EASTINCO Ltd yashingiyeho ijurira nta gaciro yahabwa, mu gihe imanza zabanje yemeye kuburana idasabye ko ikibazo yari ifitanye na Daniel Lee HOGAN gishyikirizwa umuhanga nk’uko impande zombi zari zarabyumvikanyeho mu masezerano zagiranye yavuzwe haruguru, kuko ibyo bivuze ko yiyambuye uburenganzira bwo kwiyambaza umuhanga isaba kuri ubu; kandi ko ibyo yabitewe nuko yabonye ko yatsinzwe urubanza, bikaba bikwiye gufatwa nk’amatakirangoyi adafite ishingiro, ari yo mpamvu ubujurire bwayo budakwiye kwakirwa. [19] Bakomeza bavuga ko ku birebana n’ingingo ya 94(4) y’Itegeko Nº 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryibukijwe haruguru ryavuzwe haruguru, EASTINCO Ltd ishingiraho isaba Urukiko rw’Ubujurire kwakira ubujurire bwayo no gutesha agaciro ibyemezo byose byabanje, basanga nta shingiro bifite, kuko ibyemezo byose byafashwe n’inkiko zabanje bigomba kugumana agaciro kabyo, kuko mu kubifata zari zibifitiye ububasha. Bityo ko ubujurire bwayo budakwiye kwakirwa kuko butari mu bubasha bw’uru Rukiko. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [20] Impaka kuri iki kibazo zishingiye ku kumenya niba kuba impande zombi zaraburaniye mu Rukiko rw’Ubucuruzi no mu Rukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi kandi zaragiranye amasezerano ko mu

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gihe haba havutse impaka zijyanye n’ayo masezerano zizabanza gukemurwa mu bwumvikane bitakunda zigashyikirizwa umuhanga, byafatwa ko urubanza rwaburanishijwe n’inkiko zitabifitiye ububasha ku buryo ubujurire bwa kabiri bwatanzwe na EASTINCO Ltd bwaba buri mu bubasha bw’uru Rukiko. [21] Ku byerekeye ububasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire, ingingo ya 52, igika cya 2, 3º, y’Itegeko no 30/2018 ryo ku wa 02/06/2018 rigena ububasha bw’inkiko iteganya ibikurikira : “Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rufite kandi ububasha bwo kuburanisha mu rwego rw’ubujurire bwa kabiri imanza zaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi n’Urukiko Rukuru rwa Gisirikare, iyo izo manza : 3° zashingiye ku itegeko ritariho, ingingo z’amategeko zitakiriho cyangwa zaciwe n’urukiko rutabifitiye ububasha”. [22] Ikibazo gisa niki cyakemuwe mu rubanza RCOMAA 00107/2022/CA CMB RCOMAA 00108/2022/CA rwaciwe n’uru Rukiko ku wa 25/05/2023, haburana MUKERAMIRIMO CONSTRUCTION Ltd na QUALITY CONSTRUCTION Ltd n’abandi, aho rwasuzumye niba inkiko zabanje nta bubasha zari zifite kuko amasezerano impande zombi zagiranye yateganyaga ubukemurampaka. Muri urwo rubanza, uru Rukiko rushingiye ku murongo watanzwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga mu rubanza RCOMA 0090/13/CS rwaciwe ku wa 28/03/2014, rwasobanuye ko kuba QUALITY CONSTRUCTION Ltd yarahisemo kwiyambura uburenganzira bwo kwiyambaza ubukemurampaka ikaregera inkiko, MUKERAMIRIMO CONSTRUCTION Ltd na MBADUKO Jimmy nabo bari basanzwe bazi ayo masezerano bagahitamo kudasaba Urukiko kubohereza mu bukemurampaka, bivuze ko nabo bahisemo kwiyambura ubwo burenganzira bwo kwiyambaza ubukemurampaka. Ko kuba izo mpande zombi zarahisemo guhindura ibyo zari zarasezeranye mbere zikemeranya kuburanishwa n’inkiko, zikumvikana no ku kiburanwa mu nama ntegurarubanza, bivuze ko zahisemo mu buryo buteruye (tacitement) guhindura amasezerano zari zagiranye mbere ku byerekeranye n’uburyo bwo gukemura amakimbirane ashingiye ku masezerano bagiranye ku wa 17/12/2020, zigahitamo noneho kuburanishwa n’inkiko, bityo ko nta wahindukira ngo avuge ko yaburanishijwe n’Urukiko rutabifitiye ububasha. [23] Ku byerekeye uru rubanza, dosiye y’urubanza igaragaramo amasezerano y’ubukode bw’imodoka zifite Plaque RAB706T na RAA209 N yo ku wa 01/07/2019, EASTINCO Ltd yagiranye na Daniel Lee HOGAN. Ingingo ya 11 y’ayo masezerano iteganya ko mu gihe havuka impaka muri ayo masezerano impande zombi zigomba kubanza gukemura ikibazo binyuze mu nzira y’ubwumvikane, byaramuka bidakunze, mu gihe cy’ukwezi kumwe (1) zigashyiraho umuhanga zumvikanyeho, icyemezo cye kikaba ari cyo gikurikizwa n’impande zombi nk’aho ari amasezerano ; bivuze ko impaka zose zishingiye ku kutubahirizwa kw’ayo masezerano abayagiranye bazazikemura mu bwumvikane bitashoboka zikiyambaza umuhanga bumvikanyeho. [24] Nk’uko bigaragara muri dosiye, ku wa 20/02/2023, Daniel Lee HOGAN yatanze ikirego mu Rukiko rw’Ubucuruzi, atanga ingwate y’amagarama nk’uko amategeko abiteganya (reba muri court fees), anatanga n’imyanuzuro nk’uko bigaragara mu gice cyiswe Parties submissions. Dosiye igaragaza na none ko mu myanzuro yo kwiregura kwa EASTINCO Ltd ntaho yigeze izamura inzitizi y’uko Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi rudafite ububasha bwo kuburanisha urwo rubanza kubera ko hatabanje kubahirizwa ibiteganyijwe mu ngingo ya 11 y’amasezerano impande zombi zagiranye.

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[25] Urukiko rurasanga uretse kuba EASTINCO Ltd itaratanze inzitizi y’iburabubasha bw’Urukiko mu myanzuro yayo yo kwiregura, ariko nta cyari kuyibuza ko mu iburanisha ihita izamura iyo nzitizi, ahubwo yahisemo kuburana. Ikindi kandi Daniel Lee HOGAN yajuririye Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi ariko mu myanzuro yo kwiregura ntaho EASTINCO Ltd yigeze ivuga ko Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi nta bubasha rwari rufite ; bivuze ko nayo yari yahisemo kuburanira mu nkiko aho gusaba ko hashyirwaho umuhanga nk’uko byari biteganyijwe mu masezerano. [26] Urukiko rushingiye ku murongo watanzwe mu rubanza RCOMAA 00107/2022/CA CMB RCOMAA 00108/2022/CA rwaciwe n’uru Rukiko ku wa 25/05/2023, rurasanga kuba Daniel Lee HOGAN yarahisemo kwiyambura uburenganzira bwo kwiyambaza inzira yo gushyiraho umuhanga yumvikanyeho na EASTINCO Ltd, iyi nayo yari isanzwe izi ibikubiye mu ngingo ya 11 y’amasezerano yagiranye na Daniel Lee HOGAN igahitamo kudasaba Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi ko habanza kubahirizwa inzira bahisemo mu masezerano bagiranye, bivuze ko impande zombi zahisemo mu buryo buteruye (implicite/tacite) kwiyambura uburenganzira zari zifite bwo kwiyambaza umuhanga. Kuba rero mu buryo buteruye zarahisemo guhindura ibyo zari zumvikanye, nta tegeko zishe, kuko nta kizibuza guhindura ibyo zarizumvikanye. [27] Urukiko rurasanga na none kuba izo mpande zombi zarahisemo guhindura ibyo zari zarasezeranye mbere zikemeranya kuburanishwa n’inkiko, bivuze ko zahisemo mu buryo buteruye (tacitement) guhindura amasezerano zari zagiranye mbere ku byerekeranye n’uburyo bwo gukemura amakimbirane ashingiye ku masezerano bagiranye ku wa 01/07/2019, zigahitamo noneho kuburanishwa n’inkiko, bityo rero nta ruhande rugomba guhindukira ngo ruvuge ko rwaburanishijwe n’Urukiko rutabifitiye ububasha. [28] Urukiko rurasanga kuba mu kujurira, abahagarariye EASTINCO Ltd bavuga ko ububasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire bwo kuburanisha ubujurire bwayo babushingira ku ngingo ya 52, igika cya 2, 3o, y’Itegeko no 30/2018 ryo ku wa 02/06/2018 rigena ububasha bw’inkiko, nk’uko yibukijwe haruguru, aho bavuga ko imanza zananje zaciwe n’inkiko zitabifitiye ububasha, rurasanga nk’uko byasobanuwe haruguru, Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi n’Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi zari zifite ububasha kubera ko impande zombi zemeye kuburana mu nkiko, zikaba zarahinduye mu buryo buteruye amasezerano zagiranye; bivuze ko ubujurire bwa kabiri bwa EASTINCO Ltd budashobora kwakirwa, kuko butari mu bubasha bw’uru Rukiko. [29] Urukiko rurasanga ibyo abahagarariye EASTINCO Ltd bavuga ko ubujurire bwayo buri mu bubasha bw’uru Rukiko, kuberako ababuranyi biyambuye ububasha bwo kugana inkiko, nta shingiro byabahabwa, kuko nk’uko byibukwijwe haruguru, nubwo koko mu masezerabo bagiranye bari bemeje ko impaka zizavuka zizashyikirizwa umuhanga bumvikanyeho, ariko bageze aho barabwisubiza, ubwo bahitagamo kugana inkiko, kandi nta tegeko ryababuzaga kubwisubiza no guhindura amasezerano bagiranye, kuko ari uburenganzira bwabo. Rurasanga na none ibyo bavuga ko hatashingirwa ku manza zavuzwe haruguru, kubera ko EASTINCO Ltd ititabiriye inama ntegurarubanza ntacyo byabamarira, kuko nubwo itayitabiriye, ariko nk’uko byibukijwe haruguru, haba mu myanzuro yayo, haba no mu iburanisha ku rwego rwa mbere nta na hamwe yigeze izamura ikibazo cy’uko inkiko nta bubasha zifite bwo kuburanisha urubanza, nk’uko rero byasobanuwe haruguru, kuba impaka zarashyikirijwe Urukiko, impande zombi zikemera kuburana, bivuze ko zahinduye mu buryo buteruye amasezerano zagiranye. Bityo ntabwo EASTINCO Ltd ikwiye guhindukira ngo ivuge ko inkiko nta bubasha zari zifite.

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[30] Hashingiwe ku bimaze kuvugwa haruguru, Urukiko rurasanga ubujurire bwa kabiri bwatanzwe na EASTINCO Ltd butakiriwe kuko butari mu bubasha bwarwo kubera ko impamvu ishingiraho ububasha bwarwo, ari nayo iyihesha uburenganzira bwo kuzana ubujurire bwayo muri uru Rukiko, nta shingiro ifite.

2. Kumenya niba amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka asabwa muri uru rubanza afite ishingiro [31] Uhagarariye Daniel Lee HOGAN ashingiye ku ngingo ya 111 y’Itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi no ku ngingo ya 26 y’Amabwiriza Nº 01/2014 agena ibihembo mbonera by’Abavoka, iteganya ko Avoka wateguye dosiye n’inyandiko ashobora gusaba igihembo fatizo kiri hagati y’amafaranga ibihumbi magana atanu (500.000 Frw) n’amafaranga angana na miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000 Frw)”, asaba Urukiko rw’Ubujurire gutegeka EASTINCO Ltd kwishyura Daniel Lee HOGAN amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka angana na miliyoni imwe (1.000.000 Frw) yo kuri uru rwego, yiyongera ku yategetswe mu rubanza rujuririrwa RCOMA 00302/2023/HCC rujuririrwa, kuko iyo iza kumwishyura ubukode bw’imodoka ze hatari kubaho imanza. [32] Abahagarariye EASTINCO Ltd bashingiye ku ngingo ya 34 y’Amabwiriza nº 01/2014 agenga ibihembo mbonera by’Abavoka no ku ngingo ya 111 y’Itegeko Nº 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 yibukijwe haruguru, basaba Urukiko rw’Ubujurire gutegeka Daniel Lee HOGAN kwishyura EASTINCO Ltd amafaranga miliyoni ebyiri (2.000.000 Frw) y’igihembo cya Avoka n’ibihumbi magana atatu (300.000 Frw) y’ikurikiranarubanza. Bavuga kandi ko amafaranga Daniel Lee HOGAN asaba EASTINCO Ltd ntayo akwiye guhabwa kuko ari we watumye habaho imanza. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [33] Ingingo ya 111 y’Itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi iteganya ibikurikira : “Ikirego cy’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza ni ikirego gishamikira ku kirego cy’iremezo kigamije kwishyuza ibyakoreshejwe mu rubanza. Ikirego cy’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza kiburanishirizwa rimwe n’ikirego cy’iremezo. Gishobora kandi kwakirwa kikanaburanishwa n’iyo ikirego cy’iremezo cyaba kitakiriwe”.

[34] Urukiko rurasanga ubujurire bwa EASTINCO Ltd bwaratumye Daniel Lee HOGAN ashaka Avoka wo kumwunganira mu rubanza, atakaza n’amafaranga akurikirana uru rubanza, bityo mu bushishozi bwarwo rumugeneye amafaranga ibihumbi magana atanu (500.000 Frw) y’igihembo cya Avoka n’ibihumbi magana abiri (200.000 Frw) y’ikurikiranarubanza, kuri uru rwego. Naho ayo EASTINCO Ltd isaba ntayo ikwiye guhabwa kuko ubujurire bwayo butakiriwe. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO

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[35] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwatanzwe na EASTINCO Ltd butakiriwe kuko butari mu bubasha bw’uru Rukiko. [36] Rutegetse EASTINCO Ltd kwishyura Daniel Lee HOGAN amafaranga ibihumbi magana atanu (500.000 Frw) y’igihembo cya Avoka n’ibihumbi magana abiri (200.000 Frw) y’ikurikiranarubanza, kuri uru rwego. [37] Ruvuze ko ingwate y’amagarama EASTINCO Ltd yatanze ihwanye n’ibyakozwe mu rubanza.