ECOBANK RWANDA PLC v. RUSEKAMPUNZI

# ECOBANK RWANDA PLC v. RUSEKAMPUNZI

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2024-10-14 - Case/document no.: RCOMAA 00058/2024/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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ECOBANK RWANDA PLC v. RUSEKAMPUNZI [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RCOMAA 00058/2024/CA (Rutazana, P.J.) 14 Ukwakira 2024] Amategeko agenga imiburanishirize y’imanza z’ubucuruzi – Cyamunara – Igenagaciro ku mutungo ugurishwa mu cyamunara – Umutungo ugurishwa ugomba gukorerwa igenagaciro, rikozwe igihe cyo kuwugurisha, rikagaragaza agaciro kawo kari ku isoko kagenwe n’umugenagaciro wemewe. Amategeko agenga imiburanishirize y’manza z’ubucuruzi – Inyandiko y’amabwiriza y’igurisha mu cyamunara – Uwashinzwe gucunga ingwate ntakwiriye guhindura ibikubiye mu nyandiko y’amabwiriza y’igurisha mu cyamunara uko yishakiye n’igihe ashakiye, atamenyesheje abo bireba bavugwa mu Amabwiriza y’Umwanditsi Mukuru. Incamake y’ikibazo: DATAPRO GRAPHICS Ltd yahawe inguzanyo na ECOBANK yishingirwa na Rusekampunzi aho yatanze ingwate y’umutungo we ubaruye kuri UPI: 1/02/13/01/1374. DATAPRO GRAPHICS yananiwe kwishyura iyo nguzanyo, bituma ECOBANK isaba Umwanditsi Mukuru uburenganzira bwo kugurisha ingwate yahawe irabyemererwa, uwo mutungo ugurishwa mu cyamunara. Rusekampunzi yandikiye Umwanditsi Mukuru asaba ko iyo cyamunara iteshwa agaciro kuko yakozwe mu buryo budakurikije amategeko, abonye atamusubije aregera Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi asaba ko cyamunara iteshwa agaciro ashingiye ku mpamvu zirimo kuba igenagaciro ryashingiweho ritajyanye n’igihe, no kuba itangazo rya cyamunara ryatanzwe mu kinyamakuru gitandukanye n’icyo ushinzwe gucunga ingwate yari yarateganyije mu mabwiriza y’igurisha. Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi rwaciye urubanza rwemeza ko cyamunara yakozwe yubahirije amategeko, bityo igomba kugumaho. Rusekampunzi yajuririye mu Rukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi avuga ko cyamunara y’umutungo we yagombaga guteshwa agaciro. Urwo Rukiko rwaciye urubanza rwemeza ko ubujurire bwe bufite ishingiro, ko cyamunara y’umutungo we yakozwe mu buryo bunyuranyije n’ amategeko kuko uwashinzwe gucunga ingwate yakoresheje cyamunara ashingiye ku igenagaciro ritajyanye n’igihe cyamunara yabereye, kandi akaba atarubahirije ibyo yashyize mu Mabwiriza y’igurisha bijyanye n’aho cyamunara yagombaga gutangazwa, rutegeka ko cyamunara isheshwe. ECOBANK RWANDA Plc na Muvunyi (uwashinzwe gucunga ingwate) bajuririye mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire bavuga ko cyamunara itagombaga guteshwa agaciro kuko Rusekampunzi yamenyeshejwe igenagaciro akaba atararinenze cyangwa ngo arinyomoze. Bakavuga kandi ko cyamunara yaatangajwe ku buryo bukurikije amategeko. Basaba kugenerwa indishyi zitandukanye. Rusekampunzi ku rundi ruhande we avuga ko igenagaciro cyamunara ishingiyeho ritakozwe ku buryo bukurikije amategeko, rikaba ritujuje ibisabwa byose kugirango rigire agaciro. Avuga kandi ko kuba cyamunara itaratangajwe mu kinyamakuru cyavuzwe mu mabwiriza y’igurisha ari inenge yatumye cyamunara ititabirwa uko bikwiye; ko rero amakosa yakozwe agomba gukosorwa cyamunara igateshwa agaciro.

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Incamake y’icyemezo: 1. Umutungo ugurishwa ugomba gukorerwa igenagaciro, rikozwe igihe cyo kuwugurisha, rikagaragaza agaciro kawo kari ku isoko kagenwe n’umugenagaciro wemewe. Ikigamijwe aha ni ukurengera nyir’umutungo ugurishwa, kugira ngo umutungo we utagurishwa ku giciro kibonetse cyose ku buryo byanamuviramo igihombo, ahubwo ukaba ugomba kugurishwa hagendewe ku giciro fatizo gishingiye ku gaciro ufite ku isoko mu gihe cyo kuwugurisha, kuko ako gaciro kaba gashobora guhinduka uko igihe gihita, kandi uburyo ibintu bikorwa (pratique) bukaba bugaragaza ko agaciro k’ubutaka kagenda kiyongera uko igihe gihita. 2. Inyandiko y’Amabwiriza y’igurisha itegurwa n’uwashinzwe kugurisha ingwate ikanamenyeshwa Umwanditsi Mukuru ari nawe uba yaramuhaye izo nshingano, ndetse ikamenyeshwa uwahawe ingwate, uwayitanze na nyir’umutungo iyo anyuranye n’uwatanze ingwate. Ibikubiye muri iyo nyandiko uwashinzwe gucunga ingwate ntakwiriye kubihindura uko yishakiye n’igihe ashakiye, atanamenyesheje ibyahindutse abavuzwe haruguru Amabwiriza y’Umwanditsi Mukuru ateganya ko bayimenyeshwa, kuko uretse no kuba atari imikorere ya kinyamwuga, bishobora no kubangamira uburenganzira bwavuzwe haruguru uwahawe ingwate, uwatanze ingwate cyangwa nyir’umutungo watanzweho ingwate bafite bwo kwishakira abapiganwa mu gihe cya cyamunara, bikanagira ingaruka ku bwitabire no ku biva muri cyamunara muri rusange. Ubujurire nta shingiro bufite. Amagarama ahwanye n’ibyakozwe mu rubanza. Amategeko yashingiweho: Amabwiriza y’Umwanditsi Mukuru Nº 001/2020/org yo ku wa 12/05/2020 agenga ibyerekeye gucunga, gukodesha, kugurisha mu cyamunara, no kwegukana ingwate, ingingo ya 2, 26, 27, iya 28 n’iya 29. Nta manza zifashishijwe

Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] DATAPRO GRAPHICS Ltd yahawe inguzanyo na ECOBANK Rwanda Plc, yishingirwa na Rusekampunzi Kabera Edgar wanatanze ingwate y’umutungo we ubaruye kuri UPI : 1/02/13/01/1374. DATAPRO GRAPHICS Ltd ntiyashoboye kwishyura iyo nguzanyo, bituma ECOBANK RWANDA Plc isaba Umwanditsi Mukuru mu Kigo cy’Igihugu gishinzwe Iterambere (RDB) uburenganzira bwo kugurisha ingwate yahawe irabyemererwa, ku wa 07/06/2024 uwo mutungo ugurishwa mu cyamunara n’Umuhesha w’Inkiko Muvunyi Serge washinzwe gucunga ingwate, ugurwa na Ndikumana Frodouald. [2] Kuwa 14/06/2024 Rusekampunzi Kabera Edgar yandikiye Umwanditsi Mukuru asaba gutesha agaciro iyo cyamunara kuko yakozwe mu buryo budakurikije amategeko, ashingiye ku mpamvu zikurikira: kuba ECOBANK RWANDA Plc yarasabye ko ingwate yahawe igurishwa

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itabanje gutanga integuza yo kwishyuza no kugaragaza ko amasezerano yo kwishyura umwenda usigaye mu byiciro yagiranye n’abishingizi ba DATAPRO GRAPHICS Ltd batayubahirije; kuba DATAPRO GRAPHICS Ltd yahawe umwenda itaramenyeshejwe icyemezo cyo kugurisha ingwate (permit to sale), igenagaciro ry’ingwate yagurishijwe, amabwiriza y’igurisha kimwe n’itangazo rya cyamunara; no kuba raporo ya cyamunara igaragaza ko yatangajwe mu kinyamakuru AMAKURU MEDIA mu gihe mu Mabwiriza y’igurisha mu cyamunara uwashinzwe gucunga ingwate wayateguye avugamo ko cyamunara izangazwa mu kinyamakuru IGIHE.COM. [3] Rusekampunzi Kabera Edgar abonye ko Umwanditsi Mukuru atamusubije, kuwa 22/06/2024 yaregeye Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi asaba gutesha agaciro cyamunara yavuzwe haruguru, ashingiye ku mpamvu zikurikira : - Kuba Rusekampunzi Kabera Edgar nka nyir’ingwate yagurishijwe mu cyamunara atarahawe integuza yishyuza umwenda ungana na 324.426.451Frw ; - Kuba DATAPRO GRAPHICS Ltd yahawe umwenda itaramenyeshejwe ishyirwaho ry’ushinzwe gucunga ingwate (notice of appointment of receiver) ; icyemezo cyo kugurisha ingwate (permit to sale the mortgaged property), igenagaciro ry’uwo mutungo wagurishijwe n’itangazo rya cyamunara ; - Kuba Raporo ya cyamunara igaragaza ko itangazo rya cyamunara ryatanzwe mu kinyamakuru AMAKURU MEDIA nyamara mu Mabwiriza y’igurisha yateguwe n’uwashinzwe gucunga ingwate havugwamo ko itangazo rya cyamunara rizatangwa mu kinyamakuru IGIHE.COM ; - Kuba cyamunara yarakozwe hashingiwe ku igenagaciro ritajyanye n’igihe kuko ryakozwe ku wa 26/04/2023 mu gihe cyamunara yo yakozwe ku wa 07/06/2024 kandi bizwi ko agaciro k’umutungo kagenda kiyongera. [4] Mu rubanza RCOM 00913/2024/TC rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi ku wa 12/07/2024 rwemeje ko cyamunara yakozwe ku mutungo UPI : 1/02/13/01/1374 yubahirije amategeko ikaba igomba kugumaho, rutegeka Rusekampunzi Kabera Edgar kwishyura Muvunyi Serge 500.000 Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka na 50 000 Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza. [5] Rusekampunzi Kabera Edgar yajuririye Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi agamije kugaragaza ko cyamunara y’umutungo we wavuzwe haruguru yagombaga guteshwa agaciro, ashingiye ku mpamvu zikurikira : - Kuba umutungo we (watanzweho ingwate) waragurishijwe mu cyamunara ku wa 07/06/2024 hashingiwe ku igenagaciro ryakozwe kuwa 26/04/2023 mu gihe hagombaga gukorwa irindi genegaciro rijyanye n’igihe ; - Kuba mu Mabwiriza y’igurisha mu cyamunara yateguwe n’uwashinzwe gucunga ingwate hari hateganyijwe ko cyamunara izatangazwa mu kinyamakuru IGIHE.COM nyamara Raporo ya cyamunara ikaba igaragaza ko yatangajwe mu kinyamakuru AMAKURU MEDIA. [6] Muvunyi Serge yatanze inzitizi y’uko Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi rutagombaga kwakira ikirego cya Rusekampunzi Kabera Edgar hashingiwe ku mpamvu y’uko yagitanze ibihe byo kuregera Urukiko byararenze. Naho ku bijyanye n’impamvu z’ubujurire abaregwa bose bireguye muri

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rusange bavuga ko nta shingiro bufite, kuko Rusekampunzi Kabera Edgar yamenyeshejwe igenagaciro ry’umutungo ryashingiweho ugurishwa ntagaragaze icyo ko hari icyo arinenga ngo anarivuguruze bityo akaba yararyemeye, kandi ko iyi itafatwa nk’impamvu yo gutesha agaciro cyamunara kuko itari mu mpamvu ziteganyijwe mu ngingo ya 260 CPCCSA; naho ku bijyanye n’itangazo rya cyamunara bavuga ko kuba ryaratanzwe mu kinyamakuru gitandukanye n’ikivugwa mu Mabwiriza y’igurisha ari ukwibeshya kwabayeho kandi ko ntacyo byangije kuko icy’ingenzi ari uko cyamunara yatangajwe. [7] Mu rubanza RCOMA 00448/2024/HCC rwaciwe kuwa 14/08/2024, Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Rusekampunzi Kabera Edgar bufite ishingiro; ko cyamunara y’umutungo we yakozwe mu buryo bunyuranyije n’ amategeko kuko uwashinzwe gucunga ingwate yakoresheje cyamunara ashingiye ku igenagaciro ritajyanye n’igihe cyamunara yabereye, kandi akaba atarubahirije ibyo yashyize mu Mabwiriza y’igurisha bijyanye n’aho cyamunara yagombaga gutangazwa, rutegeka ko cyamunara isheshwe, runategeka Muvunyi Serge washinzwe gucunga ingwate kwishyura Rusekampunzi Kabera Edgar 1.000.000 Frw y'igihembo cya Avoka, 200.000 Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza ku rwego rwa mbere n’urw’ubujurire na 60.000 Frw y’igarama yishyuye ku rwego rwa mbere no mu bujurire. [8] ECOBANK RWANDA Plc na Muvunyi Serge bajuririye Urukiko rw’Ubujurire, bose bashingiye ku mpamvu y’uko cyamunara itagombaga guteshwa agaciro kuko Rusekampunzi Kabera Edgar yamenyeshejwe igenagaciro ry’umutungo we ntarinenge mu buryo bukurikije amategeko kandi cyamunara ikaba yaratangajwe mu buryo bukurikije amategeko ; abajuriye kandi basabye kugenerwa amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka. Rusekampunzi Kabera Edgar yireguye avuga ko ubwo bujurire nta shingiro bufite, nawe asaba kugenerwa amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka, n’indishyi z’akababaro zo gushorwa mu manza ku maherere. [9] Iburanisha mu ruhame ryabaye ku wa 04/11/2024, ECOBANK RWANDA Plc ihagarariwe na Me Bimenyimana Eric na Me Mutsinzi Clémentine, Muvunyi Serge yunganiwe na Me Mfashingabo Aimable naho Rusekampunzi Kabera Edgar ahagarariwe na Me Ndaruhutse Janvier na Me Mwima Michel. [10] Hashingiwe ku mpaka zagaragajwe haruguru, Urukiko rurasuzuma ibibazo bikurikira bigize urubanza :  Kumenya niba kuba cyamunara y’umutungo ubaruye kuri UPI :1/02/13/01/1374 yarakozwe hatabanje gukorwa igenagaciro rishya rikozwe mu gihe cyo kuwugurisha mu cyamunara ari impamvu yashingirwaho cyamunara iteshwa agaciro ;  Kumenya niba kuba ikinyamakuru cyatangajwemo cyamunara y’umutungo wa UPI : 1/02/13/01/1374 wa Rusekapunzi Kabera Edgar gitandukanye n’icyo uwashinzwe gucunga ingwate yari yavuze mu Mabwiriza y’igurisha ari impamvu yashingirwaho cyamunara iteshwa agaciro ;  Kumenya ishingiro ry’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza, igihembo cya Avoka, n’indishyi z’akababaro bisabwa muri uru rubanza.

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II. ISESENGURA RY’IBIBAZO BIGIZE URUBANZA a. Kumenya niba kuba cyamunara y’umutungo ubaruye kuri UPI: 1/02/13/01/1374 yarakozwe hatabanje gukorwa igenagaciro rishya rikozwe mu gihe cyo kuwugurisha mu cyamunara ari impamvu yashingirwaho cyamunara iteshwa agaciro [11] Mu myanzuro yabo no mu miburanire, abajuriye bombi (ECOBANK RWANDA Plc na Muvunyi Serge) bahuriza ku mpamvu y’uko icyo banenga Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi ari uko rwahaye ishingiro impamvu Rusekampunzi Kabera Edgar yashingiyeho asaba gutesha agaciro cyamunara avuga ko yakozwe hagendewe ku igenagaciro ry’umutungo we ryo ku wa 23/06/2024 mu gihe hagombaga gukorwa irindi genagaciro rishya rikozwe igihe cya cyamunara, rwirengagije ko iyo nenge yayigaragaje impitagihe kuko iryo genagaciro yarimenyeshejwe ku wa 08/05/2024 ntarinenge mu gihe cy’iminsi 10 nk’uko biteganywa n’ingingo ya 28 y’Amabwiriza y’Umwanditsi Mukuru No 001/2020/ORG yo ku wa 12/05/2020 agenga ibyerekeye gucunga, gukodesha, kugurisha mu cyamunara no kwegukana ingwate. [12] Abajuriye bakomeza basobanura ko kumenyesha igenagaciro (uwatanzwe ingwate cyangwa nyir’umutungo watanzweho ingwate) atari umuhango gusa ahubwo ari uburyo bwo kumubwira ko niba afite icyo arinenga ashobora kubikora mu gihe giteganywa n’amategeko, kandi ko iyo atabikoze iryo genagaciro ari ryo rishingirwaho muri cyamunara nk’uko biteganywa mu gace ka 5 k’ingingo ya 28 y’Amabwiriza y’Umwanditsi Mukuru yavuzwe haruguru; ko rero Rusekampunzi Kabera Edgar atakwitwaza kuba atarakoresheje uburenganzira bwe ku gihe ngo abishingireho asaba ko cyamunara iteshwa agaciro. [13] Bavuga kandi ko igenagaciro ryashingiweho ari iry’igihe cya cyamunara kuko ryakozwe hagamijwe ko rikoreshwa muri cyamunara y’umutungo we, ahubwo akaba ari we uyihagarikisha kugira ngo yigurishirize, kuko nyuma y’iminsi 20 arimenyeshejwe yandikiye ECOBANK RWANDA Plc asaba kwigurishiriza umutungo watanzweho ingwate kuri 156.180.000 Frw bingana na 75% by’agaciro kavugwa muri iryo genagaciro; Rusekampunzi Kabera Edgar kandi akaba atagaragaza ko umutungo we wagurishijwe ku mafaranga make, kuko agaciro waguzweho muri cyamunara kiyongereyeho hafi miriyoni 80. [14] Me Ndaruhutse Janvier na Me Mwima Michel bahagarariye Rusekampunzi Kabera Edgar bavuga ko iyi mpamvu y’ubujurire nta shingiro ifite kuko nk’uko Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwabisobanuye, igenagaciro cyashingiweho ritakozwe igihe cy’iyo cyamunara bityo rikaba ritari ryujuje ibisabwa n’amategeko kugira ngo rigire agaciro, hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 26 y’Amabwiriza y’Umwanditsi Mukuru yavuzwe haruguru, mu gace kayo ka 5, iteganya ko mu makuru aba akubiye mu Nyandiko y’amabwiriza y’igurisha mu cyamunara harimo agaciro kari ku isoko k’umutungo ugurishwa, kagenwe n’umugenagaciro w’umutungo utimukanwa wemewe, n’ingingo ya 27 nayo y’ayo Mabwiriza, mu gace kayo ka 2, igateganya ko Amabwiriza y’igurisha mu cyamunara aherekezwa na Kopi raporo y’igenagaciro ry’umutungo ryakozwe igihe cyo kugurisha ingwate mu cyamunara n’umugenagaciro w’imitungo itimukanwa wemewe. [15] Abahagarariye Rusekampunzi Kabera Edgar bakomeza basobanura ko yari afite uburenganzira bwo kwibutsa uwashinzwe gucunga ingwate ko igenagaciro yamumenyesheje rifite inenge ituma ritagira agaciro mu buryo ubwo ari bwo bwose n’igihe icyo ari cyo cyose, kuko ibi bidakorwa mu igenagaciro rivuguruza iryatanzwe n’uwashinzwe kugurisha ingwate, ko kandi

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n’iyo atabimwibutsa bitavanaho iyo nenge igenagaciro rifite, ntibinabuze ko cyamunara ryakoreshejwemo ivanwaho. [16] Abahagarariye Rusekampunzi Kabera Edgar bavuga kandi ko ikigaragaza ko igenagaciro ryashingiweho muri cyamunara ritari rihuje n’igihe ari uko abajuriye ubwabo bivugira ko amafaranga yavuye muri cyamunara y’umutungo we yarenze ku yagaragajwe n’iryo genagaciro, kandi ko ibyo bidatangaje kuko ryakozwe kuwa 26/04/2023 rikoreshwa kuri cyamunara eshatu iya nyuma ikaba ariyo Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwatesheje agaciro ikaba yaratangiwe Icyemezo n’Umwanditsi Mukuru kuwa 07/05/2024 hashize umwaka urenga; ko rero Urukiko Rukuru rw’ubucuruzi rutahaye Rusekampunzi Kabera Edgar uburenganzira bwo kuvuguruza igenagaciro nyuma y’igihe giteganywa n’amategeko, kuko rwasanze buri Icyemezo cyo kugurisha ingwate igomba kujyana n’igenagaciro ry’umutungo ryakorewe mu gihe cyo kugisaba Umwanditsi Mukuru. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [17] Impaka kuri iyi ngingo zishingiye ku kumenya niba nyuma y’uko ku wa 07/05/2024 Muvunyi Serge ashyizweho n’Umwanditsi Mukuru nk’uwashinzwe gucunga ingwate igizwe n’umutungo UPI :1/02/13/01/1374 wa Rusekampunzi Kabera Edgar, yaragombaga gukoresha irindi genagaciro ry’uwo mutungo rigaragaza igiciro fatizo giherwaho muri cyamunara, cyangwa niba yari yemerewe gukoresha cyamunara ashingiye ku igenagaciro ryari risanzweho, ryari ryarakozwe ku wa 26/04/2023. [18] Ingingo ya 26, igika cya mbere, agace ka 5º, y’Amabwiriza y’Umwanditsi Mukuru Nº 001/2020/org yo ku wa 12/05/2020 agenga ibyerekeye gucunga, gukodesha, kugurisha mu cyamunara, no kwegukana ingwate, iteganya ko mu makuru akubiye mu Nyandiko y’Amabwiriza y’igurisha mu cyamunara itegurwa n’ushinzwe gucunga ingwate harimo agaciro kari ku isoko k’umutungo kagenwe n’umugenagaciro w’umutungo utimukanwa wemewe. [19] Ingingo ya 27, igika cya mbere, agace ka 2º, y’Amabwiriza y’Umwanditsi mukuru Nº 001/2020/org yo ku wa 12/05/2020 amaze kuvugwa haruguru iteganya ko inyandiko y’Amabwiriza y’igurisha mu cyamunara iherekezwa na kopi ya raporo y’igenagaciro ry’umutungo ryakozwe igihe cyo kugurisha ingwate mu cyamunara n’umugenagaciro w’imitungo itimukanwa wemewe kandi ryamenyeshejwe uwatanze ingwate na nyir’umutungo watanzweho ingwate iyo atandukanye n’uwatanze ingwate. [20] Ingingo ya 28 y’ayo Mabwiriza yo igira iti : ”Iyo uwatanze ingwate cyangwa nyir’umutungo iyo anyuranye n’uwatanze ingwate atishimiye igenagaciro ryakozwe n’umugenagaciro wemewe arinyomoza yifashishije umugenagaciro ahawe n’Urugaga rw’Abakora Umwuga w’igenagaciro ku mutungo utimukanwa mu Rwanda. Igenagaciro rinyomoza rishyikirizwa ushinzwe gucunga ingwate mu gihe kitarenze iminsi icumi (10) ibarwa uhereye ku munsi ukurikira uwo urinyomoza yarimenyesherejweho ariko habariwemo umunsi wa nyuma wo kuba yarishyikirije uwashinzwe gucunga ingwate” …… [21] Ibiteganyijwe mu ngingo ya 26 n’iya 27 zirebewe hamwe, byumvikanisha ko mu byo uwashinzwe gucunga ingwate washyizweho n’Umwanditsi Mukuru agomba kwitwararika mu gihe cyo gutegura ibijyanye na cyamunara, ari uko umutungo ugurishwa ugomba gukorerwa

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igenagaciro, rikozwe igihe cyo kuwugurisha, rikagaragaza agaciro kawo kari ku isoko kagenwe n’umugenagaciro wemewe. Ibi kandi byumvikanisha ko ako gaciro ariko gaherwaho n’abapiganwa mu gutanga ibiciro, nk’igiciro fatizo mu gihe cyo kuwugurisha mu cyamunara. [22] Urukiko rurasanga mu guteganya ko umutungo watanzweho ingwate ugurishwa mu cyamunara hashingiwe ku gaciro kawo kari ku isoko mu gihe cyo kuwugurisha byumvikanisha ko icyo Umushingamategeko yari agamije ari ukurengera nyir’umutungo ugurishwa, kugira ngo umutungo we utagurishwa ku giciro kibonetse cyose ku buryo byanamuviramo igihombo, ahubwo ukaba ugomba kugurishwa hagendewe ku giciro fatizo gishingiye ku gaciro ufite ku isoko mu gihe cyo kuwugurisha, kuko ako gaciro kaba gashobora guhinduka uko igihe gihita, kandi uburyo ibintu bikorwa (pratique) bukaba bugaragaza ko agaciro k’ubutaka kagenda kiyongera uko igihe gihita. [23] By’umwihariko, nk’uko Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwabisobanuye mu rubanza rwajuririwe, kuba ibiciro by’imitungo itimukanwa bigenda bihinduka uko igihe gihita bigashimangirwa no kuba Umushingamategeko, mu Itegeko Nº 32/2015 ryo ku wa 11/062015 ryerekeye kwimura abantu ku mpamvu z’inyungu rusange, yarateganyije mu ngingo yaryo ya 221, ko urutonde rw’ibiciro by’ubutaka n’ibyabukoreweho rusubirwamo buri mwaka. [24] Ku bijyanye n’uru rubanza, Amabwiriza y’igurisha ry’umutungo wavuzwe haruguru yo ku wa 20/05/2024 yateguwe na Muvunyi Serge agaragaza ko agaciro k’uwo mutungo wa Rusekampunzi Kabera Edgar ubaruye kuri UPI : 1/02/13/01/1374 kangana na 208.240.000 Frw ; ako gaciro ni nako kagaragara muri Raporo y’igenagaciro yashingiweho, yakozwe ku wa 26/04/2023 n’umugenagaciro witwa Abayo Emmanuella ; kanagaragara muri Raporo ya cyamunara nk’igiciro fatizo cy’uwo mutungo. [25] Urukiko rushingiye ku byasobanuwe mu bika bya 18-22 by’uru rubanza, rurasanga umutungo wavuzwe haruguru wa Rusekampunzi Kabera Edagard waragurishijwe hashingiwe ku igenagaciro ritajyanye n’igihe kuko ryari rimaze igihe kirenga umwaka rikozwe, rikaba ritafatwa nk’irigaragaza agaciro kawo kari ku isoko, rikozwe igihe cyo kuwugurisha mu cyamunara ; kandi hashingiwe ku byasobanuwe haruguru bijyanye n’uburyo ibiciro by’ubutaka bigenda bihinduka uko igihe gihita, bikaba byumvikana ko hari igihombo byamuteye kuko ako gaciro katajyanye n’igihe ariko abapiganwa bahereyeho batanga ibiciro byabo. [26] Urukiko rusanga n’ubwo ingingo ya 28 y’Amabwiriza y’Umwanditsi Mukuru Nº 001/2020/org yo ku wa 12/05/2020 yavuzwe haruguru iteganya ko uwatanze ingwate cyangwa nyir’umutungo (iyo anyuranye n’uwatanze ingwate) utishimiye igenagaciro ryakozwe arinyomoza mu gihe kitarenze iminsi 10 ibarwa uhereye ku munsi ukurikira uwo yarimenyesherejweho, bidakuraho inshingano z’ibanze z’uwashinzwe gucunga ingwate, nk’umunyamwuga, ziteganywa n’itegeko nk’uko zasobanuwe haruguru, zo gushingira ku igenagaciro rijyanye n’igihe kandi rikozwe igihe cya cyamunara; kuba rero Rusekampunzi Kabera Edgar atarahise anenga iryo

1 Iyo ngingo ya 22 igira iti : “Ibiciro by'ubutaka n’ibyabukoreweho biri ku isoko bivugwa muri iri tegeko, bikusanywan'Urugaga rw’Abakora umwuga wo kugen agaciro k’umutungo utimukanwa. Urutonde rw'ibiciro by'ubutaka n’ibyabukoreweho rusubirwamo buri mwaka kandi rukemezwa n'urwego rutunganya imikorere y'abagenagaciro ku mutungo utimukanwa mu Rwanda mbere y'uko bikurikizwa. Ibiciro fatizo by’ubutaka n’ibyabukoreweho bitangazwa buri mwaka mu Igazeti ya Leta ya Repubulika y’uRwanda”.

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genagaciro akirishyikirizwa, uwashinzwe gucunga ingwate akaba atabyitwaza agamije kugaragaza ko ibyo yakoze byubahirije amategeko; kandi mu gihe hari igihombo byamuteye nk’uko byasobanuwe, hakaba nta kibuza Rusekampunzi Kabera Edgar gushingira kuri iyo nenge asaba ko cyamunara iteshwa agaciro. [27] Hashingiwe ku bisobanuro byose byatanzwe haruguru, iyi mpamvu y’ubujurire ikaba nta shingiro ifite.

2. Kumenya niba kuba ikinyamakuru cyatangajwemo cyamunara y’umutungo wa Rusekapunzi Kabera Edgar gitandukanye n’icyo uwashinzwe gucunga ingwate yari yavuze mu Mabwiriza y’igurisha ari impamvu yashingirwaho cyamunara iteshwa agaciro [28] ECOBANK RWANDA Plc na Muvunyi Serge bahuriza kuri iyi mpamvu y’ubujurire, bagasobanura ko icyo banenga urubanza rwajuririwe ari uko Urukiko rwatesheje agaciro cyamunara rushingiye ku mpamvu y’uko uwashinzwe gucunga ingwate yiyemereye amakosa y’uko yibeshye mu Mabwiriza y’igurisha akandikamo ko cyamunara izatangazwa mu kinyamakuru IGIHE.COM ariko igatangazwa muri AMAKURU MEDIA, maze rushingira kuri iryo kosa ry’imyandikire ryakozwe mu nyandiko y’Amabwiriza ruvuga ko bifatwa nko kuyobya abakiriya ndetse na nyir’umutungo, rwirengagije ko kuyobwa abakiriya bidashoboka kuko batari mu bashyikirizwa Amabwiriza y’igurisha, ikindi kandi iryo kosa rikaba nta ngaruka ryagizeho kuko cyamunara yitabiriwe ku buryo bushimishije; ndetsa na Rusekampunzi Kabera Edgar akaba yarayitabiriye akanishakira umukiriya; ko rero icyangombwa ari uko cyamunara yatangajwe mu kinyamakuru cyemewe, kku Kagari no kuri Radio, kandi ibi Urukiko narwo rukaba rutarabihakanye. [29] Abahagarariye Rusekampunzi Kabera Edgar Bavuga ko iyi mpamvu y’ubujurire nta shingiro ifite kuko mu isesengura Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwakoze mu rubanza rwajuririwe nta kosa rwakoze. Basobanura ko abo Amabwiriza y’igurisha areba baba bagomba gushishikariza abandi kwitabira cyamunara, aba nabo bakajya kureba itangazo mu kinyamakuru bababwiye, ko kuba barabwiwe ikinyamakuru barebamo bakabura itangazo, ari inenge yatumye cyamunara ititabirwa uko bikwiye; ko rero amakosa yakozwe agomba gukosorwa cyamunara igateshwa agaciro kuko gutangaza cyamunara atari umuhango gusa ahubwo biba bigamije kurengera nyir’umutungo, abo yaba abereyemo imyenda, abaguzi cyangwa uwo ariwe wese ufite icyo yabaza kuri uwo mutungo, hashingiwe ku mirongo yatanzwe manza RCOMAA 00064/2019/CA, RCOMAA 00028/2023/CA na RCOMAA 00031/2016/SC-RCOMAA 00036/16/CS zose zaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [30] Impaka kuri iyi ngingo zishingiye ku kumenya niba kuba cyamunara yaratagajwe mu kinyamakuru gitandukanye n’icyo uwashinzwe gucunga ingwate yavuze mu Mabwiriza y’igurisha ari impamvu yashingirwaho cyamunara iteshwa agaciro. [31] Ingingo ya 29 y’Amabwiriza y’Umwanditsi Mukuru Nº 001/2020/org yo ku wa 12/05/2020 agenga ibyerekeye gucunga, gukodesha, kugurisha mu cyamunara, no kwegukana ingwate niyo

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yerekeye ibijyanye n’itangazwa rya cyamunara, igateganya ko hamwe mu ho ushinzwe gucunga ingwate amenyekanisha igurisha mu cyamunara ari mu kinyamakuru cyandikirwa mu icapiro cyangwa gikorera kuri interineti gikorera mu Rwanda. [32] Ingingo ya 26 y’ayo Mabwiriza nayo iteganya ko ushinzwe gucunga ingwate ategura inyandiko y’Amabwiriza y’igurisha mu cyamunara ikubiyemo amakuru avugwa muri iyo ngingo2, n’andi makuru uwashinzwe gucunga ingwate abona ari ngombwa. Naho ingingo ya 28 y’ayo Mabwiriza igateganya ko uwashinzwe gucunga ingwate amenyesha uwahawe ingwate n’uwayitanze iyo nyandiko y’Amabwiriza y’igurisha mu cyamunara nibura iminsi 10 mbere y’umunsi wa cyamunara, akagenera kopi Umwanditsi Mukuru na nyir’umutungo iyo anyuranye n’uwatanze ingwate. [33] Ingingo ya 2 y’Amabwiriza y’Umwanditsi Mukuru Nº 002/2021/ORG yo ku wa 29/06/2021 ahindura Amabwiriza y’Umwanditsi Mukuru Nº 001/2020/org yo ku wa 12/05/2020 agenga ibyerekeye gucunga, gukodesha, kugurisha mu cyamunara, no kwegukana ingwate iteganya, mu gika cyayo cya nyuma, ko mu gihe cya cyamunara uwahawe ingwate, uwatanze ingwate cyangwa nyir’umutungo watanzweho ingwate afite uburenganzira bwo kwishakira abaguzi bashobora gupiganwa muri cyamunara. [34] Urukiko rushingiye ku biteganywa mu ngingo ya 26 n’iya 2 zavuzwe haruguru zirebewe hamwe, rurasanga inyandiko y’Amabwiriza y’igurisha itegurwa n’uwashinzwe kugurisha ingwate ikanamenyeshwa Umwanditsi Mukuru ari nawe uba yaramuhaye izo nshingano, ndetse ikamenyeshwa uwahawe ingwate, uwayitanze na nyir’umutungo iyo anyuranye n’uwatanze ingwate, ari inyandiko ikubiyemo amakuru ya ngombwa ateganyijwe mu ngingo ya 26 yavuzwe haruguru, n’andi uwashinzwe gucunga ingwate asanga ari ngombwa, ajyanye na cyamunara yashinzwe n’uko izakorwa, ibikubiye muri iyo nyandiko rero uwashinzwe gucunga ingwate akaba adakwiriye kubihindura uko yishakiye n’igihe ashakiye, atanamenyesheje ibyahindutse abavuzwe haruguru Amabwiriza y’Umwanditsi Mukuru ateganya ko bayimenyeshwa, kuko uretse no kuba atari imikorere ya kinyamwuga, bishobora no kubangamira uburenganzira bwavuzwe haruguru uwahawe ingwate, uwatanze ingwate cyangwa nyir’umutungo watanzweho ingwate bafite bwo kwishakira abapiganwa mu gihe cya cyamunara, bikanagira ingaruka ku bwitabire no ku biva muri cyamunara muri rusange. [35] Dosiye y’urubanza igaragaza ko mu Mabwiriza y’igurisha yateguwe na Muvunyi Serge washinzwe kugurisha ingwate akamenyeshwa Rusekampunzi Kabera Edgar havugwamo ko cyamunara y’umutungo we wavuzwe haruguru izatangazwa mu kinyamakuru IGIHE.COM, hanyuma ku wa 10/06/2024 itangazo rya cyamunara y’uwo mutungo ritangazwa mu kinyamakuru AMAKURU MEDIA.

2 Iyo ngingo iteganya nibura amakuru akurikira: nimero y’umutungo wagwatirijwe; aho umutungo wagwatirijwe uherereye; ubuso bw’umutungo wagwatirijwe; kugaragaza umutungo ugurishwa uko uri; agaciro kari ku isoko k’umutungo kagenwe n’umugenagaciro w’umutungo utimukanwa wemewe; itariki cyamunara izaberaho; isaha cyamunara izatangiriraho; aho cyamunara izabera; ingengabihe y’uburyo cyamunara zizakurikirana mu gihe habayeho iyimura rya cyamunara; amakuru ya konti izakoreshwa mu kubika ibivuye muri cyamunara; ingwate y’ipiganwa; uko amafaranga azava mu ngwate igurishwa azakoreshwa hakurikijwe urutonde rw’uko ibigomba kwishyurwa bikurikirana.

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[36] Urukiko rushingiye ku byasobanuwe mu gika cya 34, rurasanga kuba uwashinzwe gucunga ingwate yaramenyesheje abarebwa n’Amabwiriza y’igurisha mu cyamunara, harimo na Rusekampunzi Kabera Edgar ko cyamunara y’umutungo we izatangazwa mu kinyamakuru IGIHE.COM ariko ntabyubahirize ahubwo akayitangaza mu kindi kinyamakuru (AMAKURU MEDIA), nk’uko byasobanuwe haruguru uretse no kuba atari imikorere ya kinyamwuga y’ushinzwe gucunga ingwate, binabangamiye uburenganzira bwa Rusekampunzi Kabera Edgar nka nyir’umutungo bwo gushaka abapiganwa mu gihe cya cyamunara, kuko ayo makuru akubiye mu Mabwiriza y’igurisha ateganya uburyo cyamunara izakorwamo ariyo aheraho ashishikariza abaguzi kuzayitabira, kuba rero yababwira aho bazasanga itangazo rya cyamunara hanyuma ntiribe ariho ritangazwa bikaba bishobora kubatera urujijo no kubayobya nk’uko Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwabisobanuye, bikaba byanagira ingaruka ku buryo ipiganwa ryitabirwa, no ku biva muri cyamunara muri rusange; ibi byose bikaba byatuma nyir’umutungo abihomberamo mu buryo budakwiye; hashingiwe kuri ibyo bisobanuro, iyi ikaba ari impamvu ituma cyamunara iteshwa agaciro. Kumenya ishingiro ry’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka bisabwa n’ababuranyi muri uru rubanza. [37] Rusekampunzi Kabera Edgar yasabye Urukiko gutegeka abajuriye kumwishyura 1.500.000 Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza ku nzego zose z’iburanisha ; 3.000.000 Frw y’igihembo cy’Abavoka 2 bamuburaniye, 60.000 Frw y’igarama yatanze ku rwego rwa mbere n’urwa kabiri, na 5.000.000 Frw y’indishyi z’akababaro zo gushorwa mu manza z'amaherere. [38] Abajuriye bavuga ko ibyo Rusekampunzi Kabera Edgar asaba nta shingiro bifite. [39] Ingingo ya 111 y’Itegeko N° 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi iteganya ibikurikira : “Ikirego cy’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza ni ikirego gishamikira ku kirego cy’iremezo kigamije kwishyuza ibyakoreshejwe mu rubanza. Ikirego cy’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza kiburanishirizwa rimwe n’ikirego cy’iremezo. Gishobora kandi kwakirwa kikanaburanishwa n’iyo ikirego cy’iremezo cyaba kitakiriwe”. [40] Urukiko rurasanga ECOBANK RWANDA Plc na Muvunyi Serge ari bo bajuriye muri uru Rukiko biba ngombwa ko Rusekampunzi Edgar Kabera akurikirana urubanza, anashaka abavoka bamuburanira, kandi nk’uko byasobanuwe haruguru ubujurire bwabo bukaba nta shingiro bufite; bityo hashingiwe ku biteganywa mu ngingo ya 111 yibukijwe haruguru, Urukiko rukaba rugeneye Rusekampunzi Edgar Kabera, mu bushishozi bwarwo, 700.000 Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka na 300.000 Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza kuri uru rwego, kuko ayo ku nzego zabanje yayagenewe mu rubanza rwajuririwe; naho indishyi z’akababaro akaba ntazo agenewe kuko ari ubwa mbere azisabye. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [41] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa ECOBANK RWANDA Plc n’ubwa Muvunyi Serge nta shingiro bufite ;

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[42] Rwemeje ko imikirize y’urubanza RCOMA 00448/2024/HCC rwaciwe n'Urukiko Rukuru Rw'Ubucuruzi ku wa 14/08/2024 idahindutse. [43] Rutegetse ECOBANK RWANDA Plc na Muvunyi Serge gufatanya kwishyura Rusekampunzi Kabera Edgar mu buryo bungana amafaranga ibihumbi magana arindwi (700.000 Frw) y’igihembo cya Avoka n’ibihumbi magana atatu (300.000 Frw) y’ikurikiranarubanza kuri uru rwego. [44] Ruvuze ko amagarama yatanzwe n’abajuriye ahwanye n’ibyakozwe mu rubanza.