EQUITY BANK RWANDA Ltd v. SINDA N’UNDI

# EQUITY BANK RWANDA Ltd v. SINDA N’UNDI

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2014-01-31 - Case/document no.: RCOMA 0431/13/HCC - Collection: Commercial High Court

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EQUITY BANK RWANDA Ltd v. SINDA N’UNDI [Rwanda URUKIKO RUKURU RW’UBUCURUZI – RCOMA 0431/13/HCC (Niwemugeni, P.J.) 31 Mutarama 2014] Amategeko agenga imiburanishirize y’imanza z’ubucuruzi – Inyungu n’ububasha byo kurega – Inyungu n’ububasha abana bafite ku mutungo w’ababyeyi wabo mu gihe bakiriho – Ububasha bafite bwo guhagarika cyamunara – Abana bagomba kwemera ko ingwate ku butaka itangwa bakaba banafite uburenganzira bwo gutanga ikirego basaba ko cyamunara yahagarara kuko kwemera kwabo aba ari ngombwa mbere y’uko umutungo w’umuryango utangwaho ingwate – Itegeko no 08/2005, ryo kuwa 14/07/2005 rigena imikoreshereze n’imicungire y’ubutaka mu Rwanda, Ingingo ya 35, 36 na 38. Amategeko agenga imicungire y’umutungo w’abashakanye – Kugwatiriza umutungo w’umuryango – Mu gihe abashakanye bashaka kugwatiriza umutungo utimukanwa bahuriyeho ni ngombwa ko bibanza kwemerwa n’abana babo mu gihe bahari kugira ngo babe bafite uburenganzira busesuye bwo kuwugwatiriza no kuwutanga ho ubundi burenganzira bwose, Itegeko no 08/2005, ryo kuwa 14/07/2005 rigena imikoreshereze n’imicungire y’ubutaka mu Rwanda, Ingingo ya 35-38, Itegeko n° 22/99 ryo ku wa 12/11/1999 ryuzuza igitabo cya mbere cy'urwunge rw'amategeko mbonezamubano kandi rishyiraho igice cya gatanu cyerekeye imicungire y'umutungo w'abashyingiranywe, impano n' izungura, Ingingo ya 21. Incamake y’ikibazo: Equity Bank Ltd na Professional Cleaning Products, ihagarariwe na Buliza Espérance, bagiranye amasezerano y’umwenda ungana na 201.115.619 frs. Professional Cleaning Products yawuhawe itanze ingwate zitandukanye zirimo n’inzu yanditse kuri Sindayigaya Willy, umugabo wa Buliza Espérance, iri mu kibanza no 05/973/LC/KIC/2222 yasabirwaga gutezwa cyamunara. Abana babo, Sinda Willy na Sinda Landry bamaze kumenya ko inzu ivugwa haruguru igiye gutezwa cyamunara, batanze ikirego mu Rukiko rw’Ubucuruzi rwa Nyarugenge basaba ko icyamunara cy’iyo nzu cyari cyateganijwe cyahagarikwa by’agateganyo, kubera ko batamenyeshejwe ko iyo nzu yatanzweho ingwate, kandi bayifiteho uburenganzira. Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi rwa Nyarugenge rwemeje ko cyamunara y’ingwate yavuzwe haruguru igomba guhagarikwa by’agateganyo kugeza urubanza rw’iremezo R Com 0786/13/TC/Nyge rutambamira cyamunara rubaye kuko cyamunara yasubitswe bivuze ko ishobora kuba mbere y’uko urubanza ruburanishwa mu mizi. Equity Bank Rwanda Ltd yajuririye mu Rukiko Rukuru ivuga ko Sinda Landry na Sinda Fred batari bafite uburenganzira bwo kurega, ko ahubwo Buliza Esperance na Sindayigaya Willy bari bafite uburenganzira busesuye bwo kugwatiriza iyo nzu yabo bitabaye ngombwa ko basaba uburenganzira abana babo. Kuri izi ngingo, Sinda Landry na Sinda Fred bo baravuga ko bafite inyungu n’ububasha byo kurega, kuko hagombaga igitekerezo cyabo, bagasinya cyangwa se bakanga ko umutungo w’umuryango utangwaho ingwate nk’uko biteganywa n’amategeko agenga imikoreshereze n’imicungire y’ubutaka mu Rwanda. Incamake y’icyemezo: 1. Gutanga burundu uburenganzira ku butaka, nko kubugurisha, kubutangira ubuntu, cyangwa kubugurana, bikozwe n’uhagarariye umuryango bigomba kubanza

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kwemerwa n’abagize umuryango bose basangiye ubwo burenganzira. Abagize umuryango bavugwa ni abashakanye ku buryo bwemewe n’amategeko, abana bagejeje ku myaka y’ubukure, abana bato batarageza kuri iyo myaka babihagarariwemo n’abashinzwe kubarera n’abandi badashoboye bahagarariwe n’abishingizi babo. Bityo Sinda Landry na Sinda Fred bakaba baragombaga kwemerera ababyeyi babo, ari bo Sindayigaya Willy na Buliza Espérance ko batanga inzu ho ingwate. 2. Uko imicungire y’umutungo n’uburyo bawucunga byaba biri kose, ubwumvikane bw’abashyingiranywe ni ngombwa mu gutanga ikitimukanwa bwite n’umutungo bahuriyeho no kubitangaho ubundi burenganzira bwose. Hashingiwe kw’ihame ry’ukuntu amategeko asumbana, Sindayigaya Willy na Buliza Espérance nta burenganzira bari bafite bwo kugwatiriza umutungo abana babo batabyemeye. Ubujurire nta shingiro bufite. Cyamunara ihagaze by’agateganyo. Amagarama aherereye ku uwajuriye. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko no 08/2005, ryo kuwa 14/07/2005 rigena imikoreshereze n’imicungire y’ubutaka mu Rwanda, Ingingo ya 35, 36 na 38. Itegeko n° 22/99 ryo ku wa 12/11/1999 ryuzuza igitabo cya mbere cy'urwunge rw'amategeko mbonezamubano kandi rishyiraho igice cya gatanu cyerekeye imicungire y'umutungo w'abashyingiranywe, impano n' izungura, Ingingo ya 21. Nta manza zifashishijwe. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Kuwa 27/09/2012, hakozwe amasezerano y’inguzanyo hagati ya Equity Bank Ltd na Professional Cleaning Products, ihagarariwe na Buliza Espérance, ihabwa umwenda wa 201.115.619 frs, iwuhabwa itanze ingwate zitandukanye harimo n’inzu iri mu kibanza no 05/973/LC/KIC/2222 isabirwa gutezwa cyamunara. Iyo yatanzwe na nyirayo Sindayigaya Willy, umugabo wa Buliza Esperance, wanditse ku masezerano y’ubukode burambye. Abana babo, Sinda Willy na Sinda Landry bamaze kumenya ko inzu ivugwa haruguru igiye gutezwa cyamunara, batanze ikirego mu Rukiko rw’Ubucuruzi rwa Nyarugenge basaba ko icyamunara cy’iyo nzu cyari cyateganijwe cyahagarikwa by’agateganyo, kubera ko batamenyeshejwe ko iyo nzu yatanzweho ingwate, kandi bayifiteho uburenganzira. [2] Mu Rukiko rw’Ubucuruzi rwa Nyarugenge, Equity Bank Ltd yaburanye isaba ko ikirego kitakwakirwa kubera ko ingwate yatanzwe n’ababyeyi b’abarega babyumvikanyeho mu nyungu z’umuryango, ikindi kandi, Sinda Landry na Sinda Fred bakaba batagaragara ku cyemezo cy’ubutaka.

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[3] Na ho Professional Cleaning Product mu miburanire yayo ku rwego rwa mbere, iravuga ko Sinda Landry na Sinda Fred bagombaga na bo kuba bagaraga ku cyemezo cy’umutungo w’iyi nzu, ababyeyi babo bakaba bataragombaga kuyitangaho ingwate bo batabyemeye. [4] Mu isesengura ry’urubanza ku rwego rwa mbere, Urukiko rwavuze ko: “ rusanga harafashwe icyemezo cy’uko ingwate yavuzwe haruguru yagurishwa muri cyamunara, nk’uko bigaragara mu cyemezo cyo kuwa 09/08/2013 cya RDB. Rwasanze kuba hari urubanza rutambamira cyamunara kirebana n’ingwate y’inzu iri mu kibanza no 05/973/LC/KIC/2222, iri mu mudugudu wa Runyonza. Urukiko rurasanga ikirego cyihutirwa cya Sinda Landry na Sinda Fred gifite ishingiro, kubera ko urubanza rw’iremezo rutambamira icyemezo cyo kugurisha ingwate y’inzu iri mu kibanza no 05/973/LC/KIC/2222 ruzaburanishwa kuwa 09/10/2013, kandi cyamunara y’ingwate yagombaga kuba kuwa 9/9/2013 ntiyagurwa bivuze ko ishobora kuba mbere y’uko urubanza ruburanishwa. Rusanga rero cyamunara y’iyo ngwate yavuzwe haruguru igomba guhagarikwa by’agateganyo kugeza urubanza rw’iremezo R Com 0786/13/TC/Nyge ruciwe.” [5] Equity Bank Rwanda Ltd yntiyishimiye icyo cyemezo, ijuririra uru Rukiko ku mpamvu y’uko Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi rwa Nyarugenge rwategetse ko cyamunara irebana n’ingwate y’inzu iri mu kibanza no 05/973/LC/KIC/2222 mu murenge wa Nyarugunga, akarere ka Kicukiro, Umujyi wa Kigali ihagarara by’agateganyo ngo kuko urubanza rw’iremezo ruzaburanishwa kuwa 09/10/2013. Muri uru rubanza, uru Rukiko rugiye gusuzuma niba abarega ku rwego rwa mbere, ari bo Sinda Landry na Sinda Fred batari bafite uburenganzira bwo kurega nk’uko Equity Bank Rwanda Ltd ibyemeza, runasuzume niba, Buliza Esperance na Sindayigaya Willy, batari bafite uburenganzira busesuye bwo kugwatiriza iyo nzu yabo bitabaye ngombwa ko basaba uburenganzira abana babo. II. ISESENGURA RY’URUBANZA 1. Ese Sinda Landry na Sinda Fred ntibari bafite uburenganzira bwo kurega koko? [6] Equity Bank Rwanda Ltd iravuga ko ishingira ku ngingo ya 2, n’iya 77 igika cya 4 y’Itegeko Ryerekeye Imiburanishirize y’Imanza z’Imbonezamubano, iz’Ubucuruzi, iz’Umurimo n’iz’Ubutegetsi, yemeza ko Sinda Landry na Sinda Fred, batari bafite uburenganzira bwo kurega kuko batari bafite inyungu n’ububasha byo kurega. Urega mu bujurire arakomeza avuga ko nta bubasha ubwo ari bwo bwose abana bafite ku mutungo w’ababyeyi babo mu gihe batapfuye,bakaba nta bubasha bafite imbere y’amategeko bwo guhagarika cyamunara. [7] Sinda Landry na Sinda Fred bo baravuga ko, hashingiwe ku ngingo za 34-38 z’itegeko no 08/2005, ryo kuwa 14/07/2005 rigena imikoreshereze n’imicungire y’ubutaka mu Rwanda bafite inyungu n’ububasha bwo kurega, kuko hagombaga igitekerezo cyabo, bagasinya cyangwa se bakanga ko umutungo w’umuryango utangwaho ingwate. Professional Cleaning Products yo ntacyo yavuze kuri ubwo burenganzira mu myanzuro yayo, ndetse no mu iburanisha ivuga gusa ko abana na bo ubu bandikwa ku byangombwa by’ubutaka, ko abadafite ububasha bahagararirwa. Ingingo ya 2 igika cya 1 y’itegeko rivuzwe haruguru iteganya ko: “ Ikirego nticyemerwa mu Rukiko, iyo urega adafite ububasha, inyungu n’ubushobozi bwo kurega.”

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[8] Mu gusesengura niba Sinda Landry na Sinda Fred bari bafite ububasha bwo kuregera guhagarika cyamunara y’inzu ivugwa muri uru rubanza, uru Rukiko rurabisesengura rwifashishije, itegeko no 08/2005, ryo kuwa 14/07/2005 rigena imikoreshereze n’imicungire y’ubutaka mu Rwanda, ryakoreshwaga ubwo ingwate yatangwaga. [9] Ingingo ya 35 y’iryo tegeko iteganya ko: “ Gutanga burundu uburenganzira ku butaka, nko kubugurisha, kubutangira ubuntu, cyangwa kubugurana, bikozwe n’uhagarariye umuryango bigomba kubanza kwemerwa n’abagize umuryango bose basangiye ubwo burenganzira.” [10] Na ho ingingo ya 36 y’iryo tegeko yo igateganya ko: “ Bitanyuranyije n’amategeko mbonezamubano agenga umuryango, abagize umuryango bavugwa mu ngingo ya 35 y’iri Tegeko Ngenga, ni abashakanye ku buryo bwemewe n’amategeko, abana bagejeje ku myaka y’ubukure, abana bato batarageza kuri iyo myaka babihagarariwemo n’abashinzwe kubarera n’abandi badashoboye bahagarariwe n’abishingizi babo.” [11] Mu ngingo ya 38 y’iryo Tegeko Ngenga ho, harasobanurwako: “ Kwemerwa kuvugwa mu ngingo ya 35 y’iri Tegeko Ngenga ni ngombwa no mu gihe hagomba gutangwa ingwate ku butaka, ukwatisha kw’igihe kirekire cyangwa se mu gihe habayeho ubwumvikane ku burenganzira bwo gukoresha ubutaka bw’undi bitewe n’imiterere yabwo.” [12] Nk’uko izi ngingo zivuzwe haruguru zibisobanura, abagize umuryango bose, harimo n’abana, bagomba kwemera ko ingwate ku butaka itangwa. Sinda Landry na Sinda Fred rero, bakaba baragombaga kwemerera ababyeyi babo, ari bo Sindayigaya Willy na Buliza Espérance ko batanga inzu yabo yavuzwe haruguru ho ingwate, nk’uko ingingo z’itegeko zivuzwe haruguru zibiteganya. Itegeko no 22/99 ryo kuwa 22/11/1999, ingingo zaryo zigena imicungire y’umutungo w’abashakanye, rikaba ritakoreshwa rero mu gihe itegeko riha uburenganzira abana ku mutungo w’ababyeyi babo ari Itegeko Ngenga, riza mbere y’itegeko harebwe uko amategeko agenda asumbana. ( La hiérarchie des Lois). Sinda Landry na Sinda Fred, bakaba bari bafite uburenganzira bwo gutanga ikirego basaba ko cyamunara yahagarara, kuko bafite inyungu, ububasha ndetse n’ubushobozi bwo kurega, kuko kwemera kwabo kwari ngombwa mbere y’uko inzu y’umuryango itangwa ho ingwate. Iyi mpamvu y’ubujurire ya Equity Bank Rwanda Ltd rero ikaba nta shingiro yahabwa. 2. Ese Sindayigaya Willy na Buliza Espérance ntibari bafite uburenganzira bwo kugwatiriza inzu yabo? [13] Ingingo ya 21 y’itegeko no 22/99 ryo kuwa iteganya ko: “ Uko imicungire y’umutungo n’uburyo bawucunga byaba biri kose, ubwumvikane bw’abashyingiranywe ni ngombwa mu gutanga ikitimukanwa bwite n’umutungo bahuriyeho no kubitangaho ubundi burenganzira bwose”. [14] N’ubwo iyi ngingo Sindayigaya Willy na Buliza Espérance bayubahirije mu kumvikana kugwatiriza umutungo wabo, nta burenganzira bari bafite wo kuwugwatiriza abana babo Sinda Landry na Sinda Fred batabyemeye nk’uko ingingo za 35-38 z’itegeko no 08/2005, ryo kuwa 14/07/2005 rigena imikoreshereze n’imicungire y’ubutaka mu Rwanda, ryakoreshwaga ubwo ingwate yatangwaga zavuzwe haruguru zibiteganya.

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III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [15] Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi: Rwemeye kwakira ubujurire bw’urubanza R Com A 0431/13/HCC. Rwemeje ko nta shingiro bufite. Rukijije ko Sinda Landry, Sinda Fred na Professional Cleaning Products batsinze, ko Equity Bank Rwanda Ltd itsinzwe. Rutegetse ko cyamunara y’inzu iri mu kibanza no 05/973/LC/KIC/2222, kiri mu mudugudu wa Runyonza, akagari ka Nonko, Umurenge wa Nyarugunga, Akarere ka Kicukiro, Umujyi wa Kigali ihagarara by’agateganyo kugeza urubanza rw’iremezo R Com 0786/13/TC/Nyge ruciwe burundu. Rutegetse Equity Bank Rwanda Ltd kwishyura 11.900 frs ahwanye n’ibyakozwe muri uru rubanza, ikayatanga mu gihe cy’iminsi umunani urubanza rubaye itegeko, itayatanga akavanwa mu byayo ku ngufu za Leta. Rutegetse ko ku bindi hubahirizwa icyemezo cy’urukiko mu rubanza R Com 0787/13/TC/Nyge.