equity bank v bucenderi

# equity bank v bucenderi

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2022-09-16 - Case/document no.: RCAA00009/2022/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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EQUITY BANK RWANDA PLC V BUCENDERI N’ABANDI. [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RCAA00009/2022/CA (Kamere, P.J.) 16 Nzeri 2022] Itegeko ryerekeye Ibimenyetso mu manza n’itangwa ry’abyo – Inyandiko – Inyandiko mvaho – Inyandiko mvaho iteshwa agaciro no kuyiregera mu buryo amategeko abiteganya – Itegeko N015/2004 ryo ku wa 12/06/2004 ryerekeye ibimenyetso mu manza n’itangwa ryabyo, Ingingo ya 13 Imiterere y’ikibazo: Uru rubanza rukomoka ku nguzanyo Equity Bank Rwanda Plc yahaye Mundo Investment Ltd ariko Murego Emile n’umugore we Murego Betty bagatiza iyo sosiyete ingwate. Iyo sosiyete yaje kunanirwa kwishyura hatangira imihango yo kugurisha ingwate. Hanyuma Bucenderi atanga ikirego mu Rukiko mu Rukiko Rwisumubye rwa Nyagatare arega Murego Emile na Murego Betty, avuga ko bihaye uburenganzira ku butaka bwe, aho ngo bagiye mu Kigo cy’Ubutaka bakabeshya ko habayeho kwibeshya ubutaka bwabo bukaba bwarafatanyijwe n’ubw’ababyeyi ba Murego Emile, hanyuma bigatuma mu gukosora imbibi z’ubwo butaka haravutsemo indi nimero ifite UPI: 5/03/04/05/3684 yanditswe ku baregwa bombi kandi ubu ngo ikaba yubatswemo inzu ifite agaciro ka 138.575.849Frw. Uburanira Bucenderi yemezaga ko Murego Emile atigeze ahabwa n’umuryango we ubwo butaka, agasaba gusubizwa ubutaka bwe abaregwa ngo bibarujeho ku bw’uburiganya. Equity Bank Rwanda Plc ifite ubugwate ku butaka buburanwa yagobotse ku bushake muri urwo rubanza, isaba ko ikirego cya Bucenderi kitakwakirwa kuko ngo nta nyungu afite mu kuregera gutesha agaciro icyangombwa cy’umutungo utimukanwa ubaruye kuri no UPI: 5/03/04/05/3684 kandi ari inyandikomvaho yanditse kuri Murego Emile na Murego Betty. Kandi ko mu masezerano y’inguzanyo Murego Emile n’umugore we Murego Betty biyemereye ko mu gihe inguzanyo ihawe Mundo Investment Ltd itishyuwe, ubwishyu buzava mu mitungo yatanzweho ingwate. Urukiko Rwisumbuye mu rubanza RC00009/2019/TGI/NYG, rwemeje ko ikirego cya Bucenderi nta shingiro gifite, ko ukugoboka ku bushake kwa Equity Bank Rwanda Plc gufite ishingiro, ko ubutaka burimo inzu mu kibanza UPI: 5/03/04/05/3684 ari ubwa Murego Emile n’umugore we Murego Betty, ko banabutanzeho ingwate ku ngunzanyo Mundo Investment Ltd yahawe na Equity Bank Rwanda Plc. Bucenderi ntiyishimiye imikirize y’urwo rubanza ajuririra Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana, anenga kuba Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyagatare rwarirengagije ibimenyetso n’abatangabuhamya. Urukiko Rukuru mu rubanza RCA00012/2020/HC/RWG rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Bucenderi bufite ishingiro, ko Murego Emile n’umugore we Murego Betty bibarujeho ku buryo bw’uburiganya ubutaka buburanwa; rutegeka ko ubwo butaka busubizwa Bucenderi, ko urubanza rwajuririwe ruhindutse mu ngingo zarwo zose. Equity Bank Rwanda Plc ntiyanyuzwe nicyo cyemezo ikijuririra mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire. Mu bujurire bwa kabiri Equity Bank Rwanda Plc ikaba inenga ko Urukiko Rukuru rwemeje ko Murego Emile n’umugore we Murego Betty bibarujeho umutungo mu buryo bw’uburiganya kandi

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barawubaruje nk’uko biteganywa n’amategeko bikaba byaranemejwe n’inzego zibifitiye ububasha, no kuba Bucenderi ubwe yiyemerera ko ari we wahaye Murego Emile icyangombwa naho se akamuha irage. Ababuranira Equity Bank Rwanda Plc bavuga kandi ko Urukiko Rukuru, ntaho rwari guhera ruvuga ko Mulego Emile yibarujeho umutungo mu buriganya kandi ruterekana uburyo ubwo buriganya bwakozwe ndetse n’uwabumuhamije, kuko ibyashingiweho ari ibyemezo by’abayobozi babifitiye ububasha kandi ko ibi byemezo bitangwa n’abayobozi mu bubasha bwabo bifatwa nk’inyandikomvaho ikemura impaka kuri bose, uyihakana akaba agomba kubanza kubiregera mu manza nshinjabyaha. Bucenderi yabanje gutanga inzitizi yo kutakira ubujurire bwa kabiri bwa Equity Bank Rwanda Plc kuko ngo butari mu bubasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire hashingiwe ku kuba igenagaciro ryakozwe ku mutungo uburanwa rigaragaza ko ufite agaciro kangana na 72.000.000Frw, aho kuba akarenga 75.000.000Frw kavugwa n’uwajuriye nyamara ngo atabigaragariza ibimenyetso.Urukiko rwaciye urubanza rubanziriza urundi, rwemeza ko ubujurire bwa kabiri bwatanzwe na Equity Bank Rwanda Plc buri mu bubasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire bityo ko inzitizi y’iburabubasha nta shingiro ifite. Urukiko rwahaye ababuranyi umwanya kugirango babanze kugerageza inzira y’ubwumvikane, ariko gukemura impaka mu bwumvikane ntibyashobotse. Mu rubanza mu mizi, Bucenderi avuga ko ibyo Equity Bank iburanisha ari ibyo n’ubundi yaburanishije mu nkiko zabanje. Avuga kandi ko amasezerano yabaye hagati ya Equity bank na Mundo Investment atamureba, ko Urukiko Rukuru, rwafashe icyemezo rumaze kubona ibimenyetso Bucenderi yarushyikirije, byose bigaragaza ko umutungo uburanwa ari uwa Bucenderi. Yongeraho ko ko Equity Bank Rwanda Plc idakwiye kuregera umutungo uburanwa ngo kuko Murego Emile wawuyihayeho ingwate atigeze agaragaza inkomoko yawo, kandi ko mu kuwutangaho ibisobanuro yagiye yivuguruza, hamwe akavuga ko yawuhawe, ahandi akavuga ko yawuguze. Ku bijyanye no Kumenya niba hari impamvu zifite ishingiro zari gutuma mu rubanza rujuririrwa Urukiko Rukuru, rwemeza gutesha agaciro icyangombwa cy’umutungo uburanwa, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwemeje mu rubanza RCAA00009/2022/CA nta mpamvu ihari yumvikana yari gutuma Urukiko Rukuru rwemera gushingira gusa ku buhamya bw’abaturage mu kwemeza gutesha agaciro icyangombwa cy’umutungo uburanwa, mu gihe ikorwa ry’icyo cyangombwa ryakurikije inzira n’amategeko n’ibindi byose biri mu rwego rumwe bisanzwe bikorwamo, bityo rwemeza ko imikirize y’urubanza rwajuririwe ihinduka. Incamake y’icyemezo: 1. Iyo umuburanyi yahamagajwe mu buryo bukurikije Amategeko ntiyitabe aburanishwa adahari kandi urubanza rugafatwa nkaho rwaburanishijwe ababuranyi bose bahari. 2.Inyandiko mvaho iteshwa agaciro no kuyiregera mu buryo amategeko abiteganya. Bityo, Ntabwo inyandiko mvaho iteshwa agaciro gusa n’imvugo z’abatangabuhamya mu gihe yakozwe

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ikanatangwa mu buryo no mu nzira Amategeko abiteganya kandi igakorwa n’umukozi ubifitiye ububasha. Urubanza rwajuririwe rurahindutse mu ngingo zarwo zose. Icyangombwa cy’ubutaka ntikigomba guteshwa agaciro. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko Nº 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, ingingo ya 57,111 Itegeko N015/2004 ryo ku wa 12/06/2004 ryerekeye ibimenyetso mu manza n’itangwa ryabyo, Ingingo ya 11, 13 Iteka rya Minisitiri N°002/2008 ryo ku wa 01/04/2008 rigena uburyo iyandikishwa ry’ubutaka rikorwa, Ingingo ya 58 Amabwiriza Nº 01/2014 yo ku wa 18/07/2014 agena ibihembo mbonera by’Abavoka, ingingo ya 34. Nta manza zifashishijwe. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Bucenderi Marguerite yari yarashakanye na nyakwigendera Nyabuhungu Fidèle batunganye ubutaka bubaruwe kuri UPI: 5/03/04/05/2061, buherereye mu Mudugudu wa Ngarama, Akagari ka Nyabikiri, Umurenge wa Kabarore, Akarere ka Gatsibo, Intara y’Iburasirazuba. [2] Bucenderi Marguerite yareze Murego Emile n’umugore we Murego Betty mu Rukiko Rwisumubye rwa Nyagatare, ikirego cye cyandikwa kuri RC00009/2019/TGI/NYG, avuga ko abaregwa bihaye uburenganzira ku butaka bwe bwavuzwe haruguru, aho ngo bagiye mu Kigo cy’Ubutaka bakabeshya ko habayeho kwibeshya ubutaka bwabo bukaba bwarafatanyijwe n’ubw’ababyeyi ba Murego Emile, hanyuma bigatuma mu gukosora imbibi z’ubwo butaka haravutsemo indi nimero ya UPI: 5/03/04/05/3684 yanditswe ku baregwa bombi kandi ubu yubatswemo inzu ifite agaciro ka 138.575.849Frw. Uburanira Bucenderi Marguerite yemezaga ko Murego Emile atigeze ahabwa n’umuryango we ubwo butaka, agasaba muri icyo kirego gusubizwa ubutaka bwe abaregwa ngo bibarujeho ku bw’uburiganya, hashingiwe kuri ayo makuru yahawe na Komite y’ubutaka mu Kagari ka Nyabikiri, mu Murenge wa Kabarore ku wa 27/12/2018. [3] Equity Bank Rwanda Plc ifite ubugwate ku butaka UPI: 5/03/04/05/3684 yagobotse ku bushake muri urwo rubanza, isaba ko ikirego cya Bucenderi Marguerite kitakwakirwa kuko ngo nta nyungu afite mu kuregera gutesha agaciro icyangombwa cy’umutungo utimukanwa ubaruye kuri

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no UPI: 5/03/04/05/3684 kandi ari inyandikomvaho yanditse kuri Murego Emile na Murego Betty, uwo mutungo bakaba barawutije sosiyeti Mundo Investment Ltd ikawutangaho ingwate ku nguzanyo yahawe na Equity Bank ingana na 240.000.000 Frw, kandi ko mu masezerano y’inguzanyo Murego Emile n’umugore we Murego Betty biyemereye ko mu gihe inguzanyo ihawe Mundo Investment Ltd itishyuwe, ubwishyu buzava mu mitungo yatanzweho ingwate, ndetse ko uwo mutungo watangiye gushyirwa ku isoko kugira ngo utezwe cyamunara haboneke ubwo bwishyu. [4] Ku wa 13/11/2019, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyagatare rwakijije urwo rubanza, rwemeza ko ikirego cya Bucenderi Marguerite nta shingiro gifite, ko ukugoboka ku bushake kwa Equity Bank Rwanda Plc gufite ishingiro, ko ubutaka burimo inzu mu kibanza UPI: 5/03/04/05/3684 ari ubwa Murego Emile n’umugore we Murego Betty, ko banabutanzeho ingwate ku ngunzanyo Mundo Investment Ltd yahawe na Equity Bank Rwanda Plc, rutegeka Bucenderi Marguerite guha Equity Bank 1.000.000Frw yo gushorwa mu manza n’igihembo cya Avoka. [5] Bucenderi Marguerite ntiyishimiye imikirize y’urubanza ajuririra Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana, ubujurire bwe bwandikwa kuri RCA00012/2020/HC/RWG. Mu bujurire bwe Bucenderi Marguerite akaba yaranenze kuba Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyagatare rwarirengagije ibimenyetso n’abatangabuhamya. [6] Ku wa 10/02/2022, nyuma yo gusesengura ikibazo kirebana no kumenya niba habaho gusaba kugaruza ubutaka bwatanzweho ingwate muri banki nyuma yo kubwibaruzaho ku buriganya, n’ikirebana n’ishingiro ry’indishyi zasabwe na buri ruhande, Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana, rwakijije urubanza rwemeza ko ubujurire bwa Bucenderi Marguerte bufite ishingiro, ko Murego Emile n’umugore we Murego Betty bibarujeho ku buryo bw’uburiganya ubutaka bufite UPI: 5/03/04/05/3684 buherereye mu Karere ka Gatsibo, Umurenge wa Kabarore, Akagari ka Nyabikiri, Umudugudu wa Ngarama; rutegeka ko ubwo butaka busubizwa Bucenderi Marguerite, ko urubanza rwajuririwe ruhindutse mu ngingo zarwo zose, Murego Emile na Murego Betty bagafatanya kwishyura Bucenderi Marguerite 1.260.000Frw yo gukurikirana urubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka mu nzego zombi, 1.500.000Frw y’indishyi z’akababaro, kandi bakishyura Equity Bank Rwanda Plc 1.200.000Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka. [7] Ku wa 08/03/2022, Equity Bank Rwanda Plc yajuririye urubanza RCA00012/2020/HC/RWG rwavuzwe haruguru mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, ubujurire bwayo bwandikwa kuri RCAA00009/2022/CA. Muri ubu bujurire, Equity Bank Rwanda Plc ikaba inenga ko Urukiko rwemeje ko Murego Emile n’umugore we Murego Betty bibarujeho umutungo mu buryo bw’uburiganya kandi barawubaruje nk’uko biteganywa n’amategeko bikaba byaranemejwe n’inzego zibifitiye ububasha, no kuba Bucenderi Marguerite ubwe yiyemerera ko ari we wahaye Murego Emile icyangombwa naho se akamuha irage. [8] Bucenderi Marguerite yabanje gutanga inzitizi yo kutakira ubujurire bwa Equity Bank Rwanda Plc kuko ngo butari mu bubasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire hashingiwe ku kuba igenagaciro ryakozwe ku mutungo uburanwa rigaragaza ko ufite agaciro kangana na

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72.000.000Frw, aho kuba akarenga 75.000.000Frw kavugwa n’uwajuriye atagaragaza n’ibimenyetso bishimangira ibyo avuga. [9] Ku wa 06/06/2022 urubanza rwaburanishijwe kuri iyo nzitizi, Equity Bank Rwanda Plc ihagarariwe na Me Nkusi Eric, Me Muhiganwa Damas na Me Murindabigwi Myriam, Bucenderi Marguerite ahagarariwe na Me Micomyiza Liliane, Murego Emille na Murego Betty batitabye Urukiko nta n’impamvu barugaragarije. Ku kutitaba kwa Murego Emille na Murego Betty, Urukiko rushingiye ku biteganywa n’ingingo ya 57 y’Itegeko Nº 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, rwafashe icyemezo cyo kuburanisha urubanza badahari, maze urubanza ruciwe rukazafatwa nk’aho ababuranyi bose bari bahari (Arrêt réputé contradictoire). [10] Ku wa 15/06/2022, Urukiko rwaciye urubanza rubanziriza urundi ku nzitizi yavuzwe haruguru, rwemeza ko ubujurire bwa kabiri bwatanzwe na Equity Bank Rwanda Plc buri mu bubasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire, urubanza rurakomeza, ariko rwimurirwa ku wa 15/07/2022 kugira ngo nk’uko babyifuje ababuranyi babanze kugerageza inzira y’ubwumvikane, ariko gukemura impaka muri ubwo bwumvikane bikaba byarananiranye. [11] Ku wa 18/07/2022, iburanisha ryarasubukuwe Equity Bank Rwanda Plc ihagarariwe na Me Nkusi Eric na Me Murindabigwi Myriam, Bucenderi Marguerite ahagarariwe na Me Micomyiza Liliane, naho Murego Emile na Murego Betty bakomeza kuburanishwa badahari urubanza rukazafatwa nk’aho bari bahari. Iburanisha mu mizi rikaba ryarasojwe, isomwa ry’urubanza rigashyirwa ku wa 29/07/2022 ariko uwo munsi ryimurirwa nyuma y’ikiruhuko cy’abacamanza ku wa 09/09/2022, uwo munsi nabwo ryongera kwimurirwa ku wa 16/09/2022. II. IBIBAZO BIGIZE URUBANZA N’ISESENGURA RYABYO Kumenya niba hari impamvu zifite ishingiro zari gutuma mu rubanza rujuririrwa Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana rwemeza gutesha agaciro icyangombwa cy’umutungo ubaruye kuri UPI: 5/03/04/05/3684 [12] Ababuranira Equity Bank Rwanda Plc bavuga ko Murego Emile yahawe icyangombwa (amasezerano y’ubukode burambye) n’ikigo cy’ubutaka gishingiye ku makuru cyahawe no ku byangombwa Mulego Emile na Mulego Betty batanze bigizwe n’ibaruwa yo ku wa 20/06/2013 isaba kubarurirwa ubutaka bwe, ibaruwa yo ku wa 20/03/2013 yanditswe n’Akarere ka Gatsibo gasabira Murego Emile icyangombwa cy’ubutaka bwe, icyemezo cy’umutungo cyanditswe n’ubuyobozi bw’inzego z’ibanze cyo ku wa 20/06/2013, igishushanyo kigaragaza ubutaka bubarurwa cyo ku wa 02/02/2012. Bavuga ko ikigo cy’ubutaka mu nyandiko yacyo yo ku wa 16/01/2019 cyanditse gisobanura ubu buryo Mulego Emile yahawemo icyangombwa, kinashimangira ko yagihawe mu buryo bukurikije amategeko. Bavuga kandi ko na Bucenderi Marguerite ubwe yiyemerera ko ari we wahaye Mulego Emile icyangombwa cy’ubutaka kugira ngo gihindurwe nawe abashe guhabwa icyangombwa cy’ubutaka bwe. [13] Ababuranira Equity Bank Rwanda Plc bakomeza bavuga kandi ko Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana, ntaho rwari rufite ruhera ruvuga ko Mulego Emile yibarujeho

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umutungo mu buriganya kandi ruterekana uburyo ubwo buriganya bwakozwe ndetse n’uwabumuhamije, kuko ibyashingiweho byagaragajwe haruguru ari ibyemezo by’abayobozi babifitiye ububasha kandi ko ibi byemezo bitangwa n’abayobozi mu bubasha bwabo bifatwa nk’inyandikomvaho ikemura impaka kuri bose, uyihakana akaba agomba kubanza kubiregera mu manza nshinjabyaha. [14] Ababuranira Equity Bank Plc bavuga kandi ko nk’uko bigaragara kuri paji ya 5, igika cya 18 y’urubanza rujuririrwa, Urukiko Rukuru rwafashe icyemezo kijuririrwa rushingiye ngo ku byo rwiboneye, ruvuga ko Bucenderi ari umukecu ufite imyaka 92 akaba atazi kwandika no gusoma kandi atabona, ubwo bumuga akaba anabumaranye igihe kinini, rukomeza hasi rugaragaza intege nke rwamusanganye, maze rushingiye kuri ibyo rwemeza ko Mulego Emile yafatiranye umukecu we mu ntege nke akamuteresha igikumwe, bityo bakegukana umutungo we. Equity Bank aha igasobanura ko isanga ibi Urukiko rwashingiyeho nta gaciro byahabwa kuko intege z’umuntu hari uburyo zemezwamo n’ubifitiye ububasha, ko kwemeza ibijyanye n’imiterere y’ubuzima bw’umuntu bitari mu bushobozi bw’umucamanza cyane ko iki gikorwa hashize imyaka igera ku icumi gikozwe, bityo ko nta hantu Urukiko rwari guhera rwemeza ko Mulego Emile yafatanyije nyina n’intege nke ze. [15] Bavuga kandi ko igitangaje kandi ari uko mu iperereza Urukiko Rukuru ruvuga rwakoze kuwa 10/12/2021 aho babajije Bucenderi ibibazo byose akabisubiza, nta hantu na hamwe yigeze abwira urwo Rukiko ko umwana we Mulego Emile yamufatanyije n’intege nkeya akamukuraho ibyangombwa, kuko ari Bucenderi ubwe wahaye Mulego Emile ibyangombwa n’irage kandi icyo gihe n’umugabo we akaba yari agihari. [16] Ababuranira Equity Bank Plc bavuga kandi ko mu gufata icyemezo cyajuririwe umucamanza avuga ko uwari umuyobozi w’umudugudu yabeshye ko ubutaka ari ubwa Mulego bigatuma amakuru atanze n’izindi nzego zose za Leta ziyashingiraho zikemeza ko umutungo ari uwa MULEGO koko, bityo ko ngo habayeho uburiganya. Equity Bank Plc ikaba ivuga ko isanga ibi nta gaciro bikwiye guhabwa, ndetse ko atari impamvu yatuma iki cyemezo cy’umutungo gifatwa nk’icyatanzwe mu buryo bw’uburiganya , kuko amakuru yatanzwe yemezwa n’Umukuru w’umudugudu ntaho Urukiko rwari guhera ruvuga ko yabeshye kandi ari umuyobozi ubifitiye ububasha kuko kugeza ubu nta cyaha yakurikiranyweho cyo kuba yarakoze uburiganya mu mirimo yashinzwe na Leta, ko icyemezo rero cyatanzwe n’inzego zibifitiye ububasha kandi zikubahiriza ibisabwa byose nk’uko na Land Center yabihamije kitateshwa agaciro hashingiwe ku mvugo gusa. [17] Bakomeza bavuga ko umucamanza waciye urubanza rujuririrwa yavuze ko hari raporo yakozwe n’ubuyobozi bw’Akagari kuwa 27/12/2018 ariko akirengagiza ko hari indi raporo yo kuwa 20/06/2013 nayo yari yaratanzwe n’ubwo buyobozi yemeza ko ubutaka ari ubwa Mulego. Equity Bank ikavuga rero ko isanga ubu butaka bwaranditwe kuri Mulego Betty na MuLego Emile mu buryo no mu nzira bikurikije amategeko nk’uko byanemejwe n’ikigo cy’ubutaka, bityo igasaba ko muri ubu bujurire icyemezo cyafashwe n’Urukiko Rukuru kivanwaho, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rukemeza ko umutungo uburanwa ari uwa Mulego Emile na Mulego Betty bawibarujeho mu buryo bukurikije amategeko kandi nta buriganya bwabayeho.

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[18] Equity Bank Plc ivuga na none ko mu gika cya 25 cy’urubanza rwajuririwe Urukiko Rukuru rwarenze imbibe z’icyaregewe rugafata icyemezo ku masezerano yo gutiza ingwate yabaye hagati ya Mulego Emile na Equity Bank kandi mu by’ukuri aya masezerano atari mu cyaregewe ku rwego rwa mbere. Equity Bank ikaba ivuga ko isanga Urukiko rudafite uburenganzira bwo guhindura ikiregerwa ngo rwongereho n’ibitararegewe, kandi ko amasezerano yo gutiza ingwate ari amasezerano ajyanye n’ibikorwa by’ubucuruzi, bityo ibibazo biyakomotseho bikaba ari ibibazo bisuzumwa n’inkiko z’ubucuruzi, bikaba bitaragombaga guzuzumirwa mu manza z’inkiko zisanzwe. [19] Me Micomyiza Liliane uburanira Bucenderi Marguerite avuga ko ibyo Equity Bank iburanisha ari ibyo n’ubundi yaburanishije mu nkiko zabanje. Avuga kandi ko amasezerano yabaye hagati ya Equity Bank na Mundo Investment atareba Bucenderi Marguerite, ko Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana rwafashe icyemezo rumaze kubona ibimenyetso Bucenderi yarushyikirije birimo ubuhamya bwatanzwe n’abaturage ubwo Urukiko rwakoraga iperereza aho ikiburanwa kiri, ndetse n’amakuru rwahawe n’abayobozi b'inzego z'ibanze z'aho uwo mutungo uherereye, byose bigaragaza ko umutungo uburanwa ari uwa Bucenderi Marguerite. [20] Akomeza avuga ko Equity Bank Rwanda Plc idakwiye kuburana umutungo ufite n°UPI 5/03/04/05/3684 kuko Murego Emile wawuyihayeho ingwate atigeze agaragaza inkomoko yawo, kandi ko mu kuwutangaho ibisobanuro yagiye yivuguruza, hamwe akavuga ko yawuhawe, ahandi akavuga ko yawuguze kandi nyamara yarashutse ubuyobozi ngo bwemeze ko yawuguze, ko uretse kubivuga gusa nta bimenyetso nk’amasezerano y’ubugure, impano cyangwa se indi nkomoko iyo ari yo yose yaba Mulego cyangwa se Equity Bank berekanye. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [21] Ingingo ya 11 y’Itegeko N015/2004 ryo ku wa 12/06/2004 ryerekeye ibimenyetso mu manza n’itangwa ryabyo iteganya ibikurikira: “Inyandikomvaho ni iyanditswe cyangwa yakiranywe imihango yabugenewe n’umukozi wa Leta ufite ububasha bwo gukora mu ifasi y’aho yandikiwe”. Ingingo ya 13, igika cya 1 y’iryo Tegeko nayo iteganya ibikurikira: “Inyandikomvaho ikemura impaka kuri bose mu byerekeye ibiyivugwamo umukozi wa Leta ubigenewe yabereye umuhamya cyangwa yakoze ariko atarengeje ibyo yari ashinzwe gukora. Ibivuzwe muri iyo nyandikomvaho ntawe ushobora kubihakana, keretse biramutse bikurikiranywe mu rubanza rushinja icyaha cyo kubeshya mu nyandikomvaho cyangwa umuburanyi aregeye ko iyo nyandikomvaho ari impimbano”. [22] Ingingo ya 58 y’Iteka rya Minisitiri N°002/2008 ryo ku wa 01/04/2008 rigena uburyo iyandikishwa ry’ubutaka rikorwa iteganya ibikurikira : “Umubitsi ashobora gukosora Rejisitiri y’ibyemezo by’ubutaka cyangwa icyemezo icyo ari cyo cyose kimugejejweho ku mpamvu z’ukwandika (...). c) iyo, mu gusubiramo imbibi za pariseli cyangwa ubutaka, ubuso bwanditse muri Rejisitiri y’ibyemezo by’ubutaka atari bwo, ariko muri icyo gihe, Umubitsi cyangwa Umubitsi wungirije agomba kubanza kubimenyesha kandi akanumva abo bireba banditse muri Rejisitiri y’ibyemezo by’ubutaka bashobora kuba bafite inyungu cyangwa babangamirwa n’icyifuzo cye cyo gukosora”.

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[23] Dosiye y’uru rubanza igaragaza ko inkomoko yarwo ari umutungo w’ubutaka ubaruye kuri UPI 5/03/04/05/3684 mu mazina ya Mulego Emile n’umugore we Mulego Betty, uwo mutungo ukaba ubu urimo inzu ifite agaciro ka 138.575.849 Frw ituwemo n’umukecuru Bucenderi Marguerite, nyina wa Mulego Emile, kandi uyu mukecuru akaba anafite umutungo w’ubutaka bihana imbibi ubaruye kuri UPI 5/03/04/05/2061 yasigiwe n’umugabo we Nyabuhungu Fidèle wapfuye. Bivugwa kandi mu rubanza mu buryo budashidikanywaho ko mu ibarura rya mbere ry’ubutaka mu Rwanda iyi mitungo yahoze ibaruriwe hamwe kuri nimero imwe ariko nyuma iza gutandukanywa ibarurwa ukubiri nk’uko imeze ubu, umutungo ubaruye kuri UPI 5/03/04/05/2061 ukaba nta mpaka ugibwaho ku bireba nyirawo, mu gihe muri uru rubanza impaka nk’izo zireba umutungo ubaruye kuri UPI 5/03/04/05/3684 aho Equity Bank Plc yanawuhaweho ingwate ku nguzanyo itishyurwa neza ivuga ko uyu mutungo ari uwa Mulego Emile na Mulego Betty bahisemo kutajya bitabira uru rubanza na rimwe, naho uburanira Bucenderi Marguerite akavuga ko ari umutungo w’uyu nyina wa Mulego Emile unatuye mu nzu iwubatsemo avuga ko ari iye. [24] Dosiye y’uru rubanza igaragaza kandi inyandiko zashingiweho n’umubitsi w’inyandikompamo z’ubutaka mu gukora icyangombwa cy’ubutaka bubaruye kuri UPI 5/03/04/05/3684 akabwandika kuri Mulego Emile n’umugore we Mulego Betty nyuma yo kubutandukanya n’ubwasigaye bubaruye kuri UPI 5/03/04/05/2061 bwa Bucenderi Marguarite n’umugabo we. Muri izo nyandiko hakaba hagaragaramo: ibaruwa ya Mulego Emile yo ku wa 20/06/2013 isaba kubarurirwa ubutaka bwe bugatandukanywa n’ubw’ababyeyi be byari byarabaruriwe hamwe mbere, ibaruwa yo ku wa 20/03/2013 yanditswe n’Ubuyobozi bw’Akarere ka Gatsibo busabira Mulego Emile kwandikwaho ubwo butaka bwe, icyemezo cy’umutungo cyanditswe n’ubuyobozi bw’inzego z’ibanze cyo ku wa 20/06/2013 buhamya ko uwo mutungo ari uwa Mulego Emile, igishushanyo kigaragaza ubwo butaka bwasabirwaga kubarurwa cyo ku wa 02/02/2012. Dosiye igaragaza kandi inyandiko yo ku wa 16/01/2019 Ikigo gishinzwe imicungire y’ubutaka cyanditse gisobanura ko inyandiko zimaze kuvugwa ari zo zashingiweho Mulego Emile n’umugore we Mulego Betty babarurwaho uyu mutungo bakanawuhererwa icyangombwa, kinashimangira ko icyo cyangombwa cyatanzwe mu buryo bukurikije amategeko nk’uko bisanzwe bikorwamo, harimo no kuba Bucenderi n’umugabo we bari barasubije icyangombwa cya mbere ubutaka buburanwa bwakomotseho kugira ngo gihindurwe. [25] Urukiko rurasanga inyandiko zimaze kuvugwa haruguru Ikigo cy’Igihugu gishinzwe imicungire n’imikoreshereze y’ubutaka cyarazigaragarije Ndego Gerald uhagarariye Bucenderi Marguerite ku wa 16/01/2019 ko ari zo zashingiweho mu kubarura umutungo uburanwa kuri Mulego Emile n’umugore we. Mu gihe uburanira Bucenderi Marguerite atigeze abasha gutesha agaciro izo nyandikomvaho zakozwe n’abayobozi adahakana ko babifitiye ububasha, akaba atarashoboye kubikora mu buryo buteganywa n’ingingo ya 11 n’iya 13 z’Itegeko ryerekeye ibimenyetso n’itangwa ryabyo mu manza zibukijwe haruguru, Uru Rukiko rurasanga ntaho Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana, rwaciye urubanza rujurirwa rwari gushingira rutesha agaciro icyangombwa cy’umutungo cyakozwe kizishingiyeho. [26] Urukiko rurasanga kandi kuba Nyabuhungu Fidèle na Bucenderi Marguerite barasubije Umubitsi w’impapuro mpamo z’ubutaka ibyangombwa by’ubutaka bufite UPI 5/03/04/05/2061 bwari bubabaruyeho bonyine bwakomotseho UPI 5/03/04/05/3684 yabaruwe ku muhungu wabo Mulego Emile n’umugore we nk’uko byahamijwe mu ibaruwa y’Ikigo cy’Igihugu gishinzwe

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imicungire n’imikoreshereze y’ubutaka yo ku wa 16/01/2019 ari ikindi kimenyetso kigaragaza ko mu ikorwa ry’icyangombwa cy’umutungo kigibwaho impaka muri uru rubanza urwego rubifiye ububasha rwitaye ku kubanza kumva no kubyemererwa n’abantu bose babifitemo inyungu nk’uko biteganywa n’ingingo ya 58 y’Iteka rya Minisitiri n°002/2008 ryo ku wa 01/04/2008 rigena uburyo iyandikishwa ry’ubutaka rikorwa nayo yibukijwe haruguru. Urukiko rukaba rusanga rero mu gihe uburanira Bucenderi Marguerite atari yashoboye kugaragaza ko hari ubundi buryo bukurikije amategeko bwari gukoreshwa butandukanye n’ubwakoreshejwe buvugwa n’Urwego rwakoze iki cyangombwa, Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana, rutaragombaga gushigira gusa ku mvugo z’uburanira Bucenderi z’uko ngo Mulego Emile yamufatiranye mu ntege nke z’izabukuru akamutwarira icyangombwa cy’umutungo akajya kuwukurishaho ubutaka yiyandikishijeho mu buryo bw’uburiganya. Mu gihe kandi uru Rukiko rusanga uyu munsi Bucenderi Marguerite afite inyungu yo kuba yakora ibishoboka byose ngo ateshe agaciro icyangombwa cy’umutungo wanditse ku muhungu we Mulego Emile kuko aramutse abigezeho yaba afashije umwe mubo bagize umuryango we kwigobotora ubugwate yatanzeho uwo mutungo ku nguzanyo itarishyurwa Equity Bank, ibi biramutse byemejwe gutya mu buryo bwifuzwa na Bucenderi bikaba ahubwo ari bwo Urukiko rwaba rushyigikiye amahugu n’uburiganya abagize umuryango umwe baba bakoreye banki, uru Rukiko rurasanga uhagarariye Bucenderi atarigeze abasha kugaragaza inyungu zariho mu myaka ya 2013 zari kuba zaratumye Mulego Emile ariganya ababyeyi be umutungo akawiyandikishaho, cyane cyane ko n’uru rubanza rwatangiye ari uko Equity Bank itangije inzira yo kugurisha iyo ngwate mu cyamunara. Urukiko rushingiye kuri ibi rukaba rusanga na none nta mpamvu ihari yumvikana yari gutuma Urukiko Rukuru mu rubanza rwajuririwe rwemera gushingira gusa ku magambo y’ubuhamya bw’abaturage mu kwemeza gutesha agaciro icyangombwa cy’umutungo wavuzwe haruguru, mu gihe ikorwa ry’icyo cyangombwa ryakurikije inzira n’amategeko n’ibindi byose biri mu rwego rumwe bisanzwe bikorwamo, bityo imikirize y’urubanza rwajuririwe ikaba igomba guhinduka kuri iyi ngingo. Gusuzuma ibijyanye n’amafaranga y’ikurikiranubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka zisabwa n’ababuranyi. [27] Me Micomyiza Liliane uhagarariye Bucenderi Marguerite asaba Urukiko ko rwategeka Equity Bank Rwanda Plc kwishyura Bucenderi Marguerite amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka angana na 5.000.000Frw, yiyongera ku yategetswe mu rubanza rujuririrwa. [28] Me Nkusi Eric uhagarariye Equity Bank Rwanda Plc yiregura ku ndishyi Bucenderi Marguerite asaba avuga ko nta shingiro zikwiye guhabwa, kuko Equity Bank Rwanda Plc itigeze imushora mu manza z’amaherere, ko ahubwo ari we ukomeje gushora Equity Bank Rwanda Plc mu manza z’amaherere kandi azi neza ko umutungo aburana ari uwa Mulego Betty na Mulego Emile nk’uko byemejwe n’inzego zibishinzwe. [29] Me Nkusi Eric uhagarariye Equity Bank Rwanda Plc asaba Urukiko rw’Ubujurire gutegeka Bucenderi guha Equity Bank Rwanda Plc indishyi zingana na 1.000.000Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka n’amafaranga 500.000Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza, kubera kuyishora mu manza z’amaherere bigatuma ishaka Avoka.

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[30] Me Micomyiza Liliane uhagarariye Bucenderi Marguerite we avuga ko izi ndishyi Equity Bank isaba nta shingiro zifite kuko atari Bucenderi Marguerite wazanye Equity Bank Rwanda Plc mu rubanza, kuko yagobotse ku bushake mu rubanza RC00009/2019/TGI/NYG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyagatare, Bucenderi Marguerite yabona atsinzwe akajurira mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana aho yatsinze urubanza, kuri uru rwego akaba ari Equity Bank Rwanda Plc yajuriye. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [31] Ingingo ya 111 y’Itegeko N°22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, iteganya ibikurikira: "Ikirego cy’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza ni ikirego gishamikira ku kirego cy’iremezo kigamije kwishyuza ibyakoreshejwe mu rubanza. Ikirego cy’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza kiburanishirizwa rimwe n’ikirego cy’iremezo. Gishobora kandi kwakirwa kikanaburanishwa n’iyo ikirego cy’iremezo cyaba kitakiriwe”. [32] Ingingo ya 34 y’Amabwiriza nº 01/2014 yo ku wa 18/07/2014 agena ibihembo mbonera by’Abavoka, iteganya ibikurikira : “Avoka afite uburenganzira bwo kugena igihembo ashyize mu gaciro ariko kitari munsi ya 500.000Frw kandi kitarenze 3.000.000Frw”. [33] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire, rushingiye ku biteganywa n’izo ngingo, rurasanga amafaranga n’indishyi bisabwa na Bucenderi Marguerite nta shingiro bifite kuko atsindwa uru rubanza ku cyaregewe cy’ibanze nk’uko bimaze gusobanurwa haruguru. Urukiko rurasanga ahubwo amafaranga y’ikuririkiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka Equity Bank Rwanda Plc isaba afite ishingiro kuko itsinda urubanza kuri icyo cyaregewe cy’ibanze, mu bushishozi bw’Urukiko rukaba ruyigeneye 1.000.000Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka na 500.000Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza, no kuyisubiza 50.000Frw yatanzeho amagarama yo kujurira. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [34] Rwemeje ko ikirego cy’ubujurire cya Equity Bank Rwanda Plc gifite ishingiro; [35] Rwemeje ko urubanza RCA00012/2020/HC/RW rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana, ku wa 10/02/2022, ruhindutse mu ngingo zarwo zose; [36] Rwemeje ko icyangombwa cy’ubutaka cyatanzwe kuri UPI 5/03/04/05/3684 mu mazina ya Mulego Emile na Mulego Betty mu nzira zikurikije amategeko, kikaba kitagomba guteshwa agaciro; [37] Rutegetse Bucenderi Marguerite kwishyura Equity Bank Rwanda Plc 1.000.000Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka na 500.000Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza, no kuyisubiza 50.000Frw yatanzeho amagarama yo kujurira.