UBUSHINJACYAHA vs TWAGIRAMUNGU

UBUSHINJACYAHA vs TWAGIRAMUNGU

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2021-07-23 - Case/document no.: RPAA 00091/2020/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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UBUSHINJACYAHA vs TWAGIRAMUNGU [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RPAA 00091/2020/CA (Kanyange, P.J.) 23 Nyakanga 2021] Amategeko agenga ibimenyetso – Inyandiko z’ivuka – Kuba inyandiko z’ivuka zibarirwa mu nyandiko z’irangamimerere no kuba izo nyandiko ni inyandikomvaho, nta wushobora guhakana ibizivugwamo, keretse biramutse bikurikiranywe mu rubanza rushinja icyaha cyo kubeshya cyangwa zikaregerwa ko ari impimbano. Amategeko agenga imiburanishirize y’imanza nshinjabyaha – Amakosa y’imyandikire mu rubanza – Kuba urubanza rwajuririwe rurimo ikosa ry’imyandikire bivuze ko Urukiko rwajuririwe arirwo rufite ububasha bwo gusuzuma niba koko hari ikosa rigomba gukosorwa, kuko bitasabwa Urukiko rwaciye urubanza bitewe nuko rwarangije kurufataho icyemezo (dessaisissement) kandi kikaba cyarajuririwe. Incamake y’ikibazo: Uru rubanza rwatangiriye mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Rubavu nyuma yuko

uwitwa

Mushimiyimana

akubiswe

n’abantu

batandukanye

barimo Twagiramungu(wajuriye) waburanishijwe nk’uwatorotse ubutabera, amaze gufatwa ahita atanga ikirego cyo gusubirishamo urwo rubanza mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Rubavu. UrwoRukiko rwemeza ko ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gukubita no gukomeretsa umuntu ku bushake byateye urupfu, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 12 runamutegeka guha indishyi abaziregeye. Twagiramungu yajuririye urwo rubaza mu mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Musanze, nuko urwo Rukiko narwo ruca urubanza rwemeza ko urubanza rwajuririwe ruhinduka gusa ku birenana n’igihano hamwe n’indishyi, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka umunani, runamutegeka guha indishyi abaziregera ruzigabanyije. Twagiramungu nanone yajuririye Urukiko rw’Ubujurire avuga ko nta ndishyi yagombaga gucibwa kuko abaziregeye badafite inyungu n’ububasha, anasaba ko Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwakosora ibirebana n’igihano, kuko hari ivuguruzanya hagati y’igihano kivugwa mu mpamvu z’urubanza (motivation) no mu cyemezo cy’Urukiko. Ubushinjacyaha bwo bwaburanye buvuga ko impamvu y’ubujurire irebana n’ikibazo cy’indishyi ntacyo yayivugaho, naho kubijyanye no kumenya niba hari ikosa ryakozwe rigomba gukosorwa, buvuga ko hari ugushidikanya ku gihano Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Musanze rwahanishije Twagiramungu ,bityo ko uregwa ari we ugomba kubivanamo inyungu, hakaba hakwemezwa igifungo cy’imyaka irindwi (7). Incamake y’icyemezo: 1. Kuba inyandiko z’ivuka zibarirwa mu nyandiko z’irangamimerere no kuba izo nyandiko ni inyandikomvaho, nta wushobora guhakana ibizivugwamo, keretse biramutse bikurikiranywe mu rubanza rushinja icyaha cyo kubeshya cyangwa zikaregerwa ko ari impimbano.

2. Kuba urubanza rwajuririwe rurimo ikosa ry’imyandikire bivuze ko Urukiko rwajuririwe arirwo rufite ububasha bwo gusuzuma niba koko hari ikosa rigomba gukosorwa, kuko bitasabwa Urukiko rwaciye urubanza bitewe nuko rwarangije kurufataho icyemezo (dessaisissement) kandi

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kikaba cyarajuririwe. Bityo kuba igihano umucamanza yagaragaje mu gice cy’ibisobanuro(motivation) atari cyo cyanditswe mu cyemezo cy’Urukiko bikaba byafatwa nk’ikosa ry’imyandikire rigomba gukosorwa kuko ataricyo Umucamanza yari yashatse kumuhanisha. Ubujurire bufite ishingiro kuri bimwe. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko N 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza ⁰ z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, ingingo ya 140, igika cya mbere. Itegeko N 32/2016 ryo ku wa 28/08/2016 rigenga abantu n’umuryango, ingingo ya 61 n’iya 74, ⁰ 1 .⁰ Itegeko N 15/2004 ryo ku wa 12/06/2004 ryerekeye ibimenyetso mu manza n’itangwa ryabyo, ⁰ ngingo ya 13. Nta manza zifashishijwe. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Mushimiyimana Jérôme yakubiswe n’abantu batandukanye barimo na Twagiramungu Jean Damascène, bimuviramo urupfu, abo bamukubise baregwa mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Rubavu mu rubanza nº RP 00092/2017/TGI/RBV ariko Twagiramungu Jean Damascène aburanishwa nk’uwatorotse ubutabera, amaze gufatwa ahita atanga ikirego cyo gusubirishamo urwo rubanza mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Rubavu. [2] Mu rubanza nº RP 00015/2018/TGI/RBV rwaciwe ku wa 16/11/2018, Urukiko Rwisumbuye wa Rubavu rwemeje ko Twagiramungu Jean Damascène alias Bwenge ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gukubita no gukomeretsa umuntu ku bushake byatere urupfu, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 12, runamutegeka guha

Umuhoza Alliance na Mukeshimana Aline 15.000.0000 Frw y’indishyi z’akababaro. [3] Twagiramungu Jean Damascène yajuriye mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Musanze, mu rubanza nº RPA 00532/2018/HC/MUS rwaciwe ku wa 18/07/2019, urwo Rukiko rwemeza ko ubujurire bwe nta shingiro bufite, ko urubanza rwajuririwe ruhindutse gusa ku birenana n’igihano hamwe n’indishyi, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka umunani, runamutegeka guha Umuhoza Alliance na Mukeshimana Aline bahagarariwe na Nyiramagambo Vestine, indishyi zingana na 2.700.000 Frw. [4] Twagiramungu Jean Damascène yajuririye Urukiko rw’Ubujurire avuga ko nta ndishyi yagombaga gucibwa kuko abaziregeye badafite inyungu n’ububasha, anasaba ko Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwakosora ibirebana n’igihano, kuko hari ivuguruzanya hagati y’igihano kivugwa mu mpamvu z’urubanza (motivation) no mu cyemezo cy’Urukiko.

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[5] Habanje gusuzumwa inzitizi y’iburabubasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire yatanzwe n’abaregeye indishyi, mu rubanza rubanziriza urundi rwaciwe ku wa 14/04/2021, Urukiko rwemeza ko iyo nzitizi nta shigiro ifite, iburanisha rikomeza ku wa 21/06/2021, Twagiramungu Jean Damascène yunganirwa na Me Nkurunziza Valantin, Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na Uwizeyimana Jean Marie Vianney, abaregeye indishyi bahagarariwe na Me Jean RUGEYO. II. IBIBAZO BIRI MU RUBANZA N’ISESENGURWA RYABYO: Kumenya niba Urukiko Rukuru rutaragombaga kugenera indishyi abaziregeye kuko badafite inyungu n’ububasha [6] Twagiramungu Jean Damascène n’umwunganira bavuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rwageneye indishyi Umuhoza Alliance na Mukeshimana Aline kandi batigeze bagaragaza ko se (nyakwigendera Mushimiyimana Jérôme) yabemeye (acte de reconnaissance), kuko hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 61 y’Itegeko n 32/2016 ryo ku wa 28/08/2016 rigenga abantu n’umuryango, ⁰ ‘’actes de reconnaissance’’ cyangwa imanza zizisimbura ari byo byonyine byagaragaza ko abo bana bari baremewe na nyakwigendera Mushimiyimana Jérôme. [7] Bavuga ko imyandiko mpine z’ivuka atari zo zagombaga gushingirwaho, kuko zitagaragaza igitabo zandukuwemo, zikaba zinagaragaza ko itariki y’imenyasha (date de déclaration) ari iyo ku wa 03/07/2019 mu ghe hagombaga kugaragazwa nibura itariki ya mbere y’uko Mushimiyimana Jérôme apfa; ko ahubwo kuba abo bana baravutse ku

babyeyi batasezeranye, hagombaga kugaragazwa inyandiko ibemera iturutse mu gitabo kivugwa mu ngingo ya 74, agace ka 5 y’Itegeko rigenga abantu n’umuryango, nkuko n’Urukiko Rukuru rwari rwabitegetse mu iburanisha ryo ku wa 27/06/2019. [8] Basanga rero kuba iyo nyandiko itaragaragajwe, bivuze ko atari abana ba nyakwigendera Mushimiyimana Jérôme, bakaba rero bataragombaga kugenerwa indishyi. [9] Uhagarariye abaregeye indishyi avuga ko muri dosiye harimo actes de naissance z’abana bagenewe indishyi kandi zikaba zaratanzwe n’inzego zibifitiye ububasha, ko kuba uwo baburana atigeze aziregera cyangwa ngo agaragaze izindi, izatanzwe zigomba gufatwa ko ari iz’ukururi hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 13 y’Itegeko ryerekeye ibimenyetso mu manza n’itangwa ryabyo. [10] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko iyi mpamvu y’ubujurire irebana n’ikibazo cy’indishyi ntacyo yayivugaho.

UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [11] Nkuko imikirize y’urubanza rwajuririwe ibigaragaza, Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Musanze rwashingiye ku nyandiko z’ivuka za Umuhoza Alliance na Mukeshimana Aline zigaragaza ko ari bene Mushimiyimana Jérôme na Nyiramagambo Vestine, maze rubishingiraho rubagenera indishyi zikomoka ku cyaha cyo gukubita no gukomeretsa byateye urupfu rwa Mushimiyimana Jérôme

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[12] Urukiko rurasanga ibivugwa na Twagiramungu Jean Damascène n’umwunganira ko hagombaga kugaragazwa inyandiko y’iyemera ry’abana bavuzwe baruguru (acte de reconnaissance), nta shingiro bifite, kuko Nyiramagambo Vestine yasobanuye mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Musanze ko Mushimiyimana Jérôme yabandikishije akiriho, kandi inyandiko z’ivuka zashingiweho mu kugena indishyi zikaba ziri mu nyandiko z’irangamimerere zemewe nkuko biteganywa n’ingingo ya 74, 1 y’Itegeko n 32/2016 ryo ku wa 28/08/2016 ⁰ ⁰ rigenga abantu n’umuryango ivuga igitabo cy’inyandiko z’irangamimerere, bivuze ko inyandiko z’ivuka za Umuhoza Alliance na Mukeshimana Aline hari igitabo zigaragaramo. [13] Urukiko rurasanga rero mu gihe inyandiko z’ivuka za Umuhoza Alliance na Mukeshimana Aline zibarirwa mu nyandiko z’irangamimerere, zigomba kubahwa na buri wese nkuko ingingo ya 61, igika cya 2, y’Itegeko n 32/2016 ryo ku wa 28/08/2016 ibiteganya. ⁰ Byongeye kandi, hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 80 y’Itegeko rimaze kuvugwa, izo nyandiko ni inyandikomvaho, bivuze ko hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 13 y’Itegeko n 15/2004 ryo ku wa ⁰ 12/06/2004 ryerekeye ibimenyetso mu manza n’itangwa ryabyo, nta wushobora guhakana ibizivugwamo, keretse biramutse bikurikiranywe mu rubanza rushinja icyaha cyo kubeshya cyangwa zikaregerwa ko ari impimbano. [14] Hashingiwe ku bimaze gusobanurwa no ku biteganywa n’ingingo zavuzwe haruguru, Urukiko

rurasanga mu gihe Twagiramungu Jean Damascène ataregeye inyandiko z’ivuka zashingiweho mu kugenera indishyi Umuhoza Alliance na Mukeshimana Aline nkuko biteganywa n’ingingo ya 13 yavuzwe haruguru, hagomba kwemezwa ko ibizikubiyemo ari ukuri, ko uwazikoze afite aho yashingiye azitanga, bityo impamvu y’ubujurire ye ikaba nta shingiro ifite. Kumenya niba hari ikosa ryakozwe rigomba gukosorwa [15] Twagiramungu Jean Damascène n’umwunganira basaba ko hakosorwa ikosa riri mu rubanza rwajuririwe, kuko mu mpamvu Urukiko rwashingiyeho (motivation), rwasanze Twagiramungu Jean Damascène akwiye guhanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka irindwi (7) ariko mu cyemezo (dispositif) handikwa imyaka umunani (8), ko rero iryo kosa ryakosorwa hakemezwa igihano cy’imyaka irindwi (7) kivugwa mu mpamvu Urukiko rwashingiyeho (motivation). [16] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga hari ugushidikanya ku gihano Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Musanze rwahanishije Twagiramungu Jean Damascène, bityo hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 111 y’Itegeko ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha, uregwa ari we ugomba kubivanamo inyungu, hakaba hakwemezwa igifungo cy’imyaka irindwi (7). [17] Uhagarariye abaregeye indishyi avuga ko hashingiwe ku biteganywa n’ingingo ya 140 y’Itegeko ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, hakosorwa amakosa y’imyandikire gusa mu gihe hatanzwe inyandiko nsobanurakirego itanzwe n’umuburanyi umwe, ko ariko Urukiko rutagomba gukora ku byaciwe mu mizi (fond) ngo rube rwahindura icyemezo cyafashwe, ko ahubwo asanga Twagiramungu Jean Damascène yaragombaga gutanga ikirego gisobanuza urubanza.

UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA

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[18] Ingingo ya 140, igika cya mbere, y’Itegeko n 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye ⁰ imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, iteganya ko ‘’Ikirego gikosora cyangwa gisobanura urubanza kiburanishwa nk’inyandiko nsobanurakirego itanzwe n’umuburanyi umwe. Urubanza rukosora urundi, rukosora gusa amakosa y’imyandikire’’. Naho ingingo ya 141 y’Itegeko rimaze kuvugwa, iteganya ko ‘’Uwifuza ko urubanza rukosorwa cyangwa rusobanurwa kandi rwarajuririwe, abigaragaza mu mwanzuro hamwe n’izindi ngingo z’ubujurire. Muri icyo gihe Urukiko rwo hasi ntiruba rugifite ububasha bwo gukosora ayo makosa’’. [19] Ku birebana n’ikosa risabirwa gukosorwa, bigaragara ko mu gika cya 24 cy’urubanza rujuririrwa, Urukiko rwasobanuye ko hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha zituma igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’ibiri (12) Twagiramungu Jean Damascène yahanishijwe ku rwego rwa mbere kigabanywa agahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka irindwi (7), ibyo rukaba rwarabishingiye ku ngingo ya 71 n’iya 78 z’Itegeko Ngengan 01/2021/OL ryo ku wa 02/05/2012 rishyiraho Igitabo ⁰ cy’amategeko ahana ryakurikizwaga ubwo icyaha cyakorwaga. Bigaragara ariko ko mu cyemezo cyarwo, Urukiko rwamuhanishije igifungo cy’imyaka umunani (8). [20] Hashingiwe ku biteganywa n’ingingo ya 140 yavuzwe haruguru, hakosorwa gusa amakosa y’’imyandikire, ni ukuvuga ko Urukiko rudashobora guhindura icyemezo

cyari cyafashwe rwitwaje ikosora rivugwa muri iyo ngingo. Hashingiwe kandi ku ngingo ya 141 yavuzwe haruguru, kuba urubanza Twagiramungu Jean Damascène avuga ko rurimo ikosa, rwarajuririwe, bivuze ko Urukiko rwajuririwe arirwo rufite ububasha bwo kusuzuma niba koko hari ikosa rigomba gukosorwa, kuko bitasabwa Urukiko rwaciye urubanza bitewe nuko rwarangije kurufataho icyemezo (dessaisissement) kandi kikaba cyarajuririwe. [21] Urukiko rurasanga nkuko byibukijwe haruguru, bigaragara ko icyo Umucamanza yari agamije mu bisobanuro yatanze mu gika cya 24 cy’urubanza rujuririrwa, ari ukugabanyiriza Twagiramungu Jean Damascène igihano yari yahawe ku rwego rwa mbere, asanga kigomba kuva ku myaka 12 kigagezwa ku myaka irindwi (7) nkuko bigaragara muri icyo gika cy’urubanza, ariko bikaba bigaragara ko icyo gitekerezo cyo kumuhanisha imyaka irindwi (7) atari cyo cyanditswe mu cyemezo cy’Urukiko kuko handitswe imyaka umunani (8), bikaba byafatwa nk’ikosa ry’imyandikire kuko ataricyo Umucamanza yari yashatse kumuhanisha, kuko iyo myaka umunani (8) ntaho igaragara mu mpamvu z’urubanza (motivation). [22] Urukiko rurasanga rero kuba iryo kosa ryasabirwa gukosorwa, ntaho byaba binyuranyije n’ingingo ya 140 yavuzwe haruguru, kuko ntacyongewe cyangwa ngo kivanwe mu gitekerezo Umucamanza yari yagaragaje mu mpamvu yatanze mu gika cya 24 cy’urubanza rujuririrwa, ahubwo hakaba harabaye ikosa mu myandikire yacyo mu gice cy’icyemezo yafashe (dispositif). [23] Hashingiwe ku bimaze gusobanurwa, Urukiko rurasanga ikosa riri mu rubanza rwajuririwe rigomba gukosorwa, ahanditse igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka umunani (8) mu gika cya 38 hagasimbuzwa imyaka irindwi (7); III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [24] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Twagiramungu Jean Damascène alias Bwenge bufite ishingiro kuri bimwe;

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[25] Rwemeje ko Umuhoza Alliance na Mukeshimana Aline bagombaga kugenerwa indishyi; [26] Rwemeje ko impamvu yatanzwe na Twagiramungu yo gukosora urubanza ifite ishingiro, bityo urubanza n RPA 00532/2018/HC/MUS rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa ⁰ Musanze ku wa 18/07/2019 rukaba rukosowe ku birebana n’igika cyarwo cya 38 mu buryo bukurikira: ‘’Ruhanishije Twagiramungu Jean Damascène alias Bwenge igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka irindwi (7); [27] Rwemeje ko nta gihindutse ku birebana n’indishyi zagenewe Umuhoza Alliance na Mukeshimana Aline bahagarariwe na Nyiramagambo Vestine; [28] Rutegetse Twagiramungu Jean Damascène kwishyura ½ cy’amagarama y’urubanza, ikindi ½ kigaherera ku Isanduku ya Leta.