Re Gasana John

Re Gasana John

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2021-10-08 - Case/document no.: RS/INJUST/RC 00013/2019/SC - Collection: Supreme Court

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Re.GASANA JOHN [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’IKIRENGA –RS/INJUST/RC 00013/2019/SC (Cyanzayire P.J., Karimunda na Nyirinkwaya J.) 08 Ukwakira 2021] Amategeko agenga abantu n’umuryango –Ishyingirwa – ishyingirwa ryakorewe mu mahanga – ishyingirwa ry’umugabo umwe (1) n’umugore umwe (1) rikorewe mu mahanga mu buryo bwubahirije amategeko yaho, ryemerwa mu Rwanda – Itegeko Nº 32/2016 ryo ku wa 28/08/2016 rigenga abantu n’umuryango uko ryahinduwe n’Itegeko N° 001/2020 ryo ku wa 02/02/2020, ingingo ya 191. Amategeko agenga abantu n’umuryango – Imanza zisimbura inyandiko z’irangamimerere – inyandiko y’ ishyingirwa ryakorewe mu mahanga – Bisabwe na nyir’ubwite, inyandiko y’irangamimerere yakorewe mu mahanga yerekeye umunyarwanda yandukurirwa mu gitabo cy’irangamimerere cy’aho aba iyo ntaho yari atuye hazwi Incamake y’ikibazo : Urubanza rwatangiye Gasana atanga ikirego mu Rukiko rw’Ibanze rwa Kicukiro asaba guhabwa urubanza rusimbura inyandiko y’ishyingirwa (jugement supplétif d’acte de mariage) yakoranye na Mukamurenzi bashakaniye mu gihugu cya Uganda avuga ko basezeraniye mu rusengero gusa kandi ko iryo sezerano ryabaga ryemewe n’amategeko y’icyo gihugu. Urukiko rw’Ibanze rwa Kicukiro rwemeje ko ntaho rwahera rutanga urubanza rusimbura inyandiko y’ishyingirwa rya Gasana na Mukamurenzi kuko nta kigaragaza ko isezerano Gasana avuga yagiranye na Mukamurenzi mu idini ryanditswe mu bitabo

by’irangamimerere mu butegetsi bw’igihugu yasezeraniyemo, iyi ikaba ari imwe mu mpavu adakwiye guhabwa urwo rubanza rusimbura iyo nyandiko. Gasana yasubirishijemo urwo rubanza ingingo nshya, avuga ko hari ikimenyetso yabonye nyuma y’aho ruciriwe kigizwe n’itegeko ry’igihugu cya Uganda rigenga ishyingirwa (The Marriage Act chapter 251) n’umwanzuro wakozwe n’umunyamategeko usobanura uburyo iryo tegeko ryemera ugushyingirwa gukorewe mu rusengero nk’ishyingirwa rikurikije amategeko. Urukiko rwemeje ko icyo kirego nta shingiro gifite, kuko ngo Itegeko rya Uganda rigenga ishyingirwa n’umwanzuro usobanura ibiteganywa n’iryo tegeko atari ibimenyetso bigaragaza ko Gasana yashyingiranywe na Mukamurenzi. Nyuma y’aho, Gasana John yandikiye Perezida w’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge, asaba ko urwo rubanza rusubirwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 55 y’Itegeko N°30/2018 ryo ku wa 02/06/2018 rigena ububasha bw’inkiko. Perezida w’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugengwe amaze gusuzuma ubwo busabe, yandikiye Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga amusaba ko urubanza ruvugwa rwasubirwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane. Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga, nyuma yo gusuzuma raporo yakozwe na Perezida w’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugengwe, yemeje ko urubanza rwandikwa mu bitabo byabugenewe kugira ngo ruzongere ruburanishwe. Mu Rukiko rw’Ikirenga Gasana asobanura ko Urukiko rw’Ibanze rwirengagije Amategeko

n’ ibimenyetso. Avuga ko hirengagijwe icyemezo cy’ishyingirwa cyatanzwe n’urusengero yasezeraniyemo mu gihugu cya Uganda, inyandiko zitandukanye zatanzwe n’ubwanditsi bw’irangamimerere harimo icyemezo gisimbura indangamuntu ya Mukamurenzi n’inyandiko za NIDA, itegeko ryo muri Uganda n’umwanzuro wakozwe n’umunyamategeko usobanura uburyo iryo tegeko ryemera ugushyingirwa gukorewe mu rusengero nk’ishyingirwa rikurikije amategeko. Avuga kandi ko hirengagijwe ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 86 na 191 y‘Itegeko Nº 32/2016 ryo ku wa 28/08/2016 rigenga abantu n’umuryango.

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Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rushingiye ku ngingo ya 191, y’Itegeko rigenga abantu n’umuryango, rwemeje ko iryo shyingirwa ryakorewe muri Uganda ryemewe mu Rwanda kuko ryakozwe hagati y’umugabo umwe n’umugore umwe mu buryo bwubahirije amategeko y’igihugu basezeraniyemo. Rwemeje kandi ko nta mpamvu Gasana yahabwa urubanza rusimbura inyandiko y’ishyingirwa kandi iyo nyandiko ihari, akaba ahubwo yagana ibiro by’irangamimerere by’aho atuye, akandikisha ishyingirwa rye na Mukamurenzi mu gitabo cy’inyandiko z’ishyingirwa. Incamake y’icyemezo: 1. ishyingirwa ry’umugabo umwe (1) n’umugore umwe (1) rikorewe mu mahanga mu buryo bwubahirije amategeko yaho, ryemerwa mu Rwanda bityo ishyingirwa ryakorewe muri Uganda ryemewe mu Rwanda kuko ryakozwe mu buryo bwubahirije amategeko y’igihugu basezeraniyemo.

2. Bisabwe na nyir’ubwite, inyandiko y’irangamimerere yakorewe mu mahanga yerekeye umunyarwanda yandukurirwa mu gitabo cy’irangamimerere cy’aho aba iyo ntaho yari atuye hazwi. Nta mpamvu Gasana yahabwa urubanza rusimbura inyandiko y’ishyingirwa kandi iyo nyandiko ihari, akwiye kugana ibiro by’irangamimerere by’aho atuye, akandikisha ishyingirwa rye na Mukamurenzi mu gitabo cy’inyandiko z’ishyingirwa. Nta mpamvu hatangwa urubanza rusimbura inyandiko y’ishyingirwa kandi iyo nyandiko ihari. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko Nº 32/2016 ryo ku wa 28/08/2016 rigenga abantu n’umuryango uko ryahinduwe n’Itegeko N° 001/2020 ryo ku wa 02/02/2020, ingingo ya 86,99,178,191 Uganda Marriage Act chapter 251 Nta manza zifashishijwe. Urubanza I.IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Gasana John yatanze ikirego mu Rukiko rw’Ibanze rwa Kicukiro asaba guhabwa urubanza rusimbura inyandiko y’ishyingirwa (jugement supplétif d’acte de mariage) na Mukamurenzi Josepha bari barashakanye ku wa 03/11/1968, mu gihugu cya Uganda, ahitwa Gayaza, Akagari ka Namavundo, Komine Wakisu, Intara ya Cyadondo muri Uganda, bakaba bari barasezeraniye mu rusengero gusa kuko ibyo kujya mu butegetsi bitari ngombwa mu gihe isezerano rikorewe mu rusengero ryabaga ryemewe n’amategeko y’icyo gihugu. [2] Yasobanuraga ko bahungutse mu mwaka w’i 1996 biyandikishije nk’abashakanye, bahabwa indangamuntu zanditsemo ko umwe yashakanye n’undi, ariko

ko nyuma y’uko Mukamurenzi Josepha yitabiye Imana ku wa 21/05/2018, yahuye n’imbogamizi kuko yagiye mu biro by’irangamimerere kumwandukuza nk’uwo bashakanye utakiriho, ntibyakorwa ku mpamvu z’uko ishyingirwa ryabo ritagaragara mu bitabo by’irangamimerere, asabwa gushaka urubanza rusimbura inyandiko y’ishyingirwa mu rukiko rubifitiye ububasha, ibi akaba ari nabyo bigaragara munyandiko yo ku wa 09/11/2018 yandikiwe n’Umunyamabanga Nshingwabikorwa w’Umurenge wa Nyarugunga. [3] Ibimenyetso yashingiragaho asaba urubanza rusimbura inyandiko y’ishyingirwa zari izi zikurikira:

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Icyemezo cy’ishyingirwa (Marriage Certificate) kigaragaza ko basezeranye mu rusengero rwa St Joseph ku wa 03/11/1968, basezeranijwe na Padiri John Sserwadda ; Icyemezo cyo ku wa 7/8/2013 gisimbura indangamuntu ya Mukamurenzi Josepha, yari yarasabye akiriho, kigaragaza ko yashakanye na Gasana John ; Inyandiko zo muri National Identification Agency (NIDA) zigaragaza ko Mukamurenzi Josepha na Gasana John bagaragara nk’abashatse muri National ID Database, ariko ko hatagaragaramo amazina y’uwo buri wese yashakanye nawe. [4] Ku wa 21/12/2018, Urukiko rw’Ibanze rwa Kicukiro rwaciye urubanza Nº RC 00768/2018/TB/KICU, rwemeza ko ntaho rwahera rutanga urubanza rusimbura inyandiko y‘ishyingirwa rya Gasana John na Mukamurenzi Josepha. [5] Mu gufata icyo cyemezo, Urukiko rwashingiye ku mpamvu zikurikira : Kuba nta kigaragaza ko isezerano Gasana John avuga yagiranye na Mukamurenzi Josepha mu idini ku wa 03/11/1968 ryanditswe mu bitabo by’irangamimerere mu butegetsi bw’igihugu yasezeraniyemo ngo bifatwe ko ryakurikije amategeko ; Kuba mu gihe yari ageze mu Rwanda iryo sezerano atararyandikishije mu bitabo by’irangamimerere ; Kuba atarasabye, Mukamurenzi Josepha akiriho, ko haba urubanza rwemeza ko icyemezo cyatanzwe n’idini ryabasezeranyije ryo muri Uganda kirangirizwa mu Rwanda (exequatur) nk’ikimenyetso cyemeza ko basezeranye ; Kuba icyemezo gisimbura indangamuntu ya Mukamurenzi Josepha

cyanditsemo ko yashakanye na Gasana John, cyaratanzwe hashingiwe ku makuru basanze ku indangamuntu ya kera yafashe ubwo batangaga umwirondoro bakavuga mu magambo gusa ko afite umugore bigasohoka bityo ; [6] kuba inyandiko yatanzwe na NIDA igaragaza ko Mukamurenzi Josepha wari ufite indangamuntu 1195070002317052, yubatse ariko ikaba itagaragaza uwo bashakanye, kandi amakuru atangwa n’iki kigo ariyo ashingirwaho mu kwemeza irangamimerere y’umuntu.Gasana John yasubirishijemo urwo rubanza ingingo nshya, avuga ko hari ikimenyetso cya kamarampaka yabonye nyuma y’aho urubanza ruciriwe, giturutse mu gihugu cya Uganda cyemeza ko yashyingiranywe na Mukamurenzi Josepha mu buryo bwemewe n’amategeko, icyo kimenyetso kikaba kigizwe n’itegeko ry’igihugu cya Uganda rigenga ishyingirwa (The Marriage Act chapter 251)n’umwanzuro wakozwe n’umunyamategeko usobanura uburyo iryo tegeko ryemera ugushyingirwa gukorewe mu rusengero nk’ishyingirwa rikurikije amategeko. [7] Ku wa 25/04/2019, Urukiko rwaciye urubanza Nº RC 00250/2019/TB/KICU, rwemeza ko icyo kirego nta shingiro gifite. Mu gufata icyo cyemewo rwasobanuye ko itegeko rya Uganda rigenga ishyingirwa n’umwanzuro usobanura ibiteganywa n’iryo tegeko atari ibimenyetso bigaragaza ko Gasana John yashyingiranywe na Mukamurenzi Josepha. [8] Nyuma y’aho urwo rubanza ruciriwe, Me Rukarishya Ngenda Philemon uhagarariye Gasana John yandikiye Perezida w’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge, asaba ko urwo rubanza rusubirwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 55 y’Itegeko N°30/2018 ryo ku wa 02/06/2018 rigena ububasha bw’inkiko.

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[9] Perezida w’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugengwe amaze gusuzuma ubwo busabe, yandikiye Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga agaragaza impamvu asanga urubanza Nº RC 00250/2019/TB/KICU rwasubirwamo. [10] Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga, nyuma yo gusuzuma raporo yakozwe na Perezida w’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugengwe, yemeje ko urubanza rwandikwa mu bitabo byabugenewe kugira ngo ruzongere ruburanishwe. [11] Urubanza rwaburanishijwe mu ruhame ku wa 07/10/2020, Gasana John ahagarariwe na Me Rukarishya Ngenda Philemon. Mbere yo gupfundikira iburanisha, Urukiko rwamusabye kurushyikiriza icyemezo cy’ishyingirwa cy’umwimerere. Icyo cyemezo cyashyikirijwe Ubwanditsi bw’Urukiko ku wa 23/10/2020. [12] Urubanza rwagombaga gusomwa ku wa 30/10/2020. Uwo munsi Urukiko rwaciye urubanza rubanziriza urundi rwemeza ko : Mbere yo guca urubanza mu mizi, Gasana John agomba kurushyikiriza icyemezocy’ugushyingirwagitanzwe n‘Umwanditsi w’irangamimerere (Registrar for the district in which the marriage allegedly took place) mu gihugu cya Uganda, mu buryo bwubahirije ibivugwa mu ngingo ya 33 y’Itegeko The Marriage Act chapter 251,1 iyi nyandiko ikemezwa na Ambasade y’u Rwanda mu gihugu cya Uganda;Niba kwandikisha icyemezo cy‘ishyingirwa nk’uko bivugwa mu gice cya (2) cy‘ingingo ya 25 y’itegeko The Marriage Act chapter 2512 bitarubahirijwe, Gasana John agomba kurushyikiriza inyandiko zikurikira: Inyandiko

y’Umwanditsi (Registrar for the district in which the marriage allegedly took place) yemeza ko icyemezo cy’ugushyingirwa (Marriage Certificate) cyashyikirijwe ubwanditsi bw’uru rukiko ku wa 23/10/2020 cyubahirije amategeko; Inyandiko itanzwe n’umuyobozi w’urusengero rwatanze icyemezo cy’ugushyingirwa (Marriage Certificate) cyashyikirijwe ubwanditsi bw’uru rukiko ku wa 23/10/2020, yemeza ko ari urwo rusengero rwayitanze. Izi nyandiko nazo zikemezwa na Ambasade y’u Rwanda mu gihugu cya Uganda. [13] Urubanza rwongeye kuburanishwa ku wa 13/09/2021, Me Rukarishya Ngenda Philemon uhagarariye Gasana John atitabye, Urukiko rwemeza ko urubanza ruburanishwa adahari kuko yahamagajwe mu buryo bukurikije amategeko ntiyitabe. IKIBAZO KIGIZE URUBANZA N’ISESENGURA RYACYO Kumenya Niba Gasana John Yahabwa Urubanza Rusimbura Inyandiko Y‘Ishyingirwa 1 Evidence of marriage. Every certificate of marriage which shall have been filed in the office of the registrar of any district, or a copy of it, purporting to be signed and certified as a true copy by the registrar of that district for the time being, and every entry in a Marriage Register Book or a copy of it, certified as aforesaid, shall be admissible as evidence of the marriage to which it relates, in any court of justice or before any person now or hereafter having by law or consent of parties authority to hear, receive and examine evidence. 2 The Minister having also signed his or her name to the counterfoil, shall sever the duplicate certificate therefrom, and shall deliver one certificate to the parties, and shall within seven days thereafter transmit the other to the registrar of marriages for the district in which the marriage takes place, who shall file it in his or her office.

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[14] Me Rukarishya Ngenda Philemon avuga ko mu rubanza NºRC 00250/2019/TB/KICU, Urukiko rwirengagije amategeko n‘ibimenyetso bigaragarira buri wese byerekana ko Gasana John yashakanye mu buryo bwemewe n’amategeko na Mukamurenzi Josepha mu gihugu cya Uganda. [15] Asobanura ko ibimenyetso byirengagijwe ari icyemezo cy’ishyingirwa cyatanzwe n’urusengero yasezeraniyemo mu gihugu cya Uganda, inyandiko zitandukanye zatanzwe n’ubwanditsi bw’irangamimerere harimo icyemezo gisimbura indangamuntu ya Mukamurenzi Josepha n’inyandiko za NIDA, itegeko ryo muri Uganda n’umwanzuro wakozwe n’umunyamategeko usobanura uburyo iryo tegeko ryemera ugushyingirwa gukorewe mu rusengero nk’ishyingirwa rikurikije amategeko. [16] Asobanura kandi ko amategeko yirengagijwe ari ingingo ya 86 y‘Itegeko Nº 32/2016 ryo ku wa 28/08/2016 rigenga abantu n’umuryango, iteganya ko irangamimerere ry‘abantu ryemezwa kandi rikagaragazwa n’inyandiko z’irangamimerere, ikemezwa kandi n’imanza zisimbura cyangwa zikosora izo nyandikoiteganya ko uretse inyandiko y’ivuka yakorewe mu Rwanda, inyandiko y’irangamimerere yose yaba yarakorewe mu Rwanda cyangwa mu mahanga itabonetse ku mpamvu iyo ariyo yose, isimburwa n’urubanza ruciwe, n’ingingo ya 191 y’iryo tegeko iteganya ko ishyingirwa ry‘umugabo umwe n’umugore umwe rikorewe mu mahanga mu buryo buteganywa n’amategeko y’icyo gihugu ryemewe mu Rwanda. [17] Urukiko rwamubajije

niba Gasana John yarubahirije igika cya kabiri cy’iyo ngingo ya 191 y’iryo tegeko iteganya ko ishyingirwa rikorewe mu mahanga rigomba kwandikwa mu gitabo cy’inyandiko z’ishyingirwa n’umwanditsi w’irangamimerere w’u Rwanda, avuga ko Gasana John na Mukamurenzi Josepha bagaragaje ko bashyingiranywe bakigera mu Rwanda ubwo bari bagiye gusaba indangamuntu, bakaba barumvaga bihagije kuko bahawe indangamuntu zanditseho ko bashatse. [18] Avuga kandi ko kuba Mukamurenzi Josepha yarahawe icyemezo gisimbura indangamuntu kivugwamo ko yashakanye na Gasana John ari présomption ko bandikishije ishyingirwa ryabo mu gitabo cy’inyandiko z’ishyingirwa kuko nta handi bari gukura ayo makuru bamuha icyo cyemezo. Uko Urukiko rubibona: [19] Mbere yo gusuzuma niba Gasana John yahabwa urubanza rusimbura inyandiko yo gushyingirwa, hakwiye kubanza kurebwa niba yarashyingiranywe na Mukamurenzi Josepha mu gihugu cya Uganda mu buryo bwemewe m’amategeko y’icyo gihugu, ishyingirwa ryabo rikaba ryemewe mu Rwanda Ibyerekeye kumenya niba Gasana John yarashakanye na Mukamurenzi Josepha mu buryo bwemewe n’amategeko ya Uganda, ishyingirwa ryabo rikaba ryemewe mu Rwanda [20] Ingingo ya 191, igika cya mbere, y’Itegeko Nº 32/2016 ryo ku wa 28/08/2016 rigenga abantu n’umuryango, nk’uko ryahinduwe kandi ryujujwe kugeza ubu, iteganya ko ishyingirwa ry’umugabo umwe (1) n’umugore umwe (1) rikorewe mu mahanga mu buryo

bwubahirije amategeko yaho, ryemerwa mu Rwanda. [21] Ibiteganywa n’iyi ngingo byumvikanisha ko ishyingirwa ryabereye mu mahanga ryemerwa mu Rwanda ari iryabaye hagati y’umugabo umwe n’umugore umwe kandi rikaba mu buryo bwubahirije amategeko y’igihugu basezeraniyemo. [22] Ku birebana n’ amategeko agenga ishyingirwa mu gihugu cya Uganda, The Marriage Act, chapter 251, 20 (1) iteganya ko ishyingirwa rishobora gukorewa mu rusengero rwemewe n’amategeko, bikozwe n’umushumba ubyemerewe kandi hakurikijwe imihango n’imigenzo y’iryo dini cyangwa y‘iryo torero3. 3 Marriage in licensed place of worship by recognized minister: Marriages may be celebrated in any licensed place of worship by any recognized minister of the church, denomination or body to which the place of worship belongs, and according to the rites or usages of marriages observed in that church, denomination or body.

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[23] Ibimenyetso Gasana John yashyikirije Urukiko agaragaza ko yashyingiranywe na Mukamurenzi Josepha mu buryo bukurikije amategeko muri Uganda ni ibi bikurikira: Icyemezo cy’ishyingirwa (Marriage Certificate) cyatanzwe na Padiri John Sserwadda cyemeza ko Gasana John na Mukamurenzi Josepha bashyingiranywe muri St Joseph Church ku wa 03/11/1968; Inyandiko yo ku wa 02/12/2020, iteyeho kashe ya St Joseph Church, yanditswe na Padiri Makoha Ronald, yemeza ko Gasana John na Mukamurenzi Josepha basezeranyijwe na Padiri John Sserwadda muri St Joseph Church ku wa 03/11/1968, ko imihango yose y’ishyingirwa yubahirijwe kandi ko bahawe icyemezo cy’ishyingirwa (Confirmation letter for Mr John Gasana and Mrs Josepha Mukamurenzi Wedding Certificate); Inyandiko yo ku wa 4/12/2020 yanditswe na Registrar of Civil Marriage muri Uganda Registration Service Bureau yemeza ko Gasana John na Mukamurenzi Josepha bashyingiranywe muri St Joseph’s church Kabowa- Kibuye Parish ku wa 03/11/1968, ko ishyingirwa ryabo ryanditswe mu bitabo by’irangamimerere kandi ko ryubahirije amategeko ya Uganda.Iyi nyandiko iriho umukono na kashe ya Noteri (Advocate and Commissioner for Oath), byemejwe muri Minisiteri y‘Ububanyi n’Amahanga y’icyo gihugu no muri Ambasade y’u Rwanda mu gihugu cya Uganda. [24] Urukiko rurasanga kuba Itegeko rya Uganda ryagaragajwe haruguru ryemera ishyingirwa rikorewe mu rusengero

nk’ishyingirwa rikurikije amategeko, kuba kandi Gasana John agaragaza icyemezo cy’ishyingirwa (Marriage Certificate) ryakorewe mu rusengero rwa St Joseph Church ku wa 03/11/1968, Ubuyobozi bubifitiye ububasha muri icyo gihugu (Registrar of Civil Marriage/ Uganda Registration Service Bureau) bukaba bwaremeje mu nyandiko ko ishyingirwa ryabo ryubahirije amategeko, byumvikana ko ishyingirwa rye na Mukamurenzi Josepha ryabaye koko kandi ko ryakurikije amategeko ya Uganda. [25] Urukiko rurasanga rero hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 191, igika cya mbere, y’Itegeko ryavuzwe rigenga abantu n’umuryango, iryo shyingirwa ryakorewe muri Uganda ryemewe mu Rwanda kuko ryakozwe hagati y’umugabo umwe n’umugore umwe mu buryo bwubahirije amategeko y’igihugu basezeraniyemo. Ibyerekeye kumenya niba Gasana John yahabwa urubanza rusimbura inyandiko yo gushyingirwa [26] Itegeko N° 32/2016 ryo ku wa 28/08/2016 rigenga abantu n’umuryango, uko ryahinduwe n‘Itegeko N° 001/2020 ryo ku wa 02/02/2020 riteganya mu ngingo yaryo ya 86 igika cya mbere ko uretse inyandiko y’ivuka yakorewe mu Rwanda, inyandiko y’irangamimerere yose yaba yarakorewe mu Rwanda cyangwa mu mahanga itabonetse cyangwa itarakozwe ku mpamvu iyo ariyo yose, isimburwa n’urubanza ruciwe, bisabwe n’umuntu wese ubifitemo inyungu, mu rukiko rubifitiye ububasha rw’aho uyisaba atuye cyangwa aba. Umuburanyi muri uru rubanza agomba gushyikiriza urukiko

ibimenyetso byose bishoboka byemeza ko iyo nyandiko yabayeho cyangwa itabayeho. [27] Iryo tegeko riteganya kandi mu ngingo yaryo ya 178 ko ishyingirwa rihamywa n’inyandiko y’ishyingirwa keretse igihe itegeko riteganya ubundi bwoko bw’ikimenyetso. Iyo inyandiko y’ishyingirwa idashoboye kuboneka ku mpamvu iyo ariyo yose, ishobora gusimburwa n’urubanza ruciwe, bisabwe n’umuntu wese ubifitemo inyungu, mu rukiko rubifitiye ububasha rw’aho atuye. Urukiko rushobora gukora iperereza igihe rubona ko ari ngombwa. [28] Ibivugwa muri izo ngingo bigaragaza ko urubanza rusimbura inyandiko y’irangamimerere rubaho gusa mu gihe iyo nyandiko yakorewe mu Rwanda cyangwa mu mahanga itabonetse cyangwa itakozwe.

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[29] Ku birebana n’uru rubanza, nk’uko byasobanuwe haruguru, Gasana John yagaragaje icyemezo cy’ishyingirwa mu idini, ndetse n’inyandiko ya Uganda Registration Services Bureau iriho umukono wa Registrar of Civil Marriage yemeza ko ishyingirwa ryabo mu dini ryanditswe mu gitabo cy’inyandiko z‘ishyingirwa. Izo nyandiko ni nazo Urukiko rwahereyeho rwemeza, mu gika cya 25, ko ishyingirwa rye na Mukamurenzi Josepha mu rusengero rwa St Joseph Church Kabowa Kibuye Parish Uganda ku wa 03/11/1968 ryemewe mu Rwanda kuko ryakozwe hagati y’umugabo umwe n’umugore umwe kandi ryubahirije amategeko y’igihugu basezeraniyemo [30] Urukiko rurasanga rero nta mpamvu Gasana John yahabwa urubanza rusimbura inyandiko y’ishyingirwa kandi iyo nyandiko ihari, akaba ahubwo yagana ibiro by’irangamimerere by’aho atuye yitwaje inyandiko y’ishyingirwa rye mu idini n’inyandiko ya Uganda Registration Services Bureau iriho umukono wa Registrar of Civil Marriage, akandikisha ishyingirwa rye na Mukamurenzi Josepha mu gitabo cy’inyandiko z’ishyingirwa. [31] Ibimaze kuvugwa, Urukiko rubishingira ku ngingo ya 99 y‘Itegeko ryavuzwe haruguru rigenga abantu n’umuryango, iteganya, mu gika cyayo ya mbere, ko bisabwe na nyir’ubwite, inyandiko y’irangamimerere yakorewe mu mahanga yerekeye umunyarwanda yandukurirwa mu gitabo cy’irangamimerere cy’aho aba iyo ntaho yari atuye hazwi. Rubishingira kandi ku ngingo ya 191 y’iryo

tegeko iteganya, mu gika cyayo cya kabiri, ko ishyingirwa rivugwa mu gika cya mbere cy’iyi ngingo ( ni ukuvuga ishyingirwa ry’umugabo umwe n’umugore umwe ryakorewe mu mahanga mu buryo bwubahirije amategeko yaho) rigomba kwandikwa mu gitabo cy’inyandiko z’ishyingirwa n’umwanditsi w’irangamimerere w’u Rwanda, ndetse no ku kuba iryo tegeko ntaho riteganya igihe ntarengwa ubusabe bugomba gushyikirizwa Umwanditsi w’irangamimerere. Urukiko rurasanga rero Gasana John ashobora kubisaba igihe cyose icyo gikorwa akigifitemo inyungu, kandi n’inzego zishinzwe irangamimerere zikaba zifite inshingano yo kumufasha muri icyo gikorwa. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [32] Rwemeje ko nta mpamvu Gasana yahabwa urubanza rusimbura inyandiko y’ishyingirwa kandi iyo nyandiko ihari, akaba ahubwo yagana ibiro by’irangamimerere by’aho atuye, akandikisha ishyingirwa rye na Mukamurenzi mu gitabo cy’inyandiko z’ishyingirwa; [33] Ruvuze ko Gasana John ashobora kugana ibiro by’irangamimerere, yitwaje inyandiko y’ishyingirwa rye mu idini, inyandiko ya Registrar of Civil Marriage/Uganda Registration Services Bureau, ndetse n‘uru rubanza, akandikisha ishyingirwa rye na Mukamurenzi Josepha.